Tántáng Máojiān

ITántáng Máojiān iwugqozi lwamasiko etiye eGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region futhi ingomunye wezine zetiye ezidumile zaseGuangxi kanye neGuiping Xishan Cha (桂平西山茶), Lingyun Baihao (凌云白毫) neWuzhou Liubao Cha (梧州六堡茶). Idalwe ngo-1971 ngokusekelwe emasimini asezintabeni eziphakeme ze-Pingtianshan ridge, leli tiye eliluhlaza lathola ukuqashelwa ngokushesha emiqhudelwaneni kazwelonke futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 lanikezwa isiqu ‘setiye elidumile laseChina lonke’. Uphawu olubalulekile lwe-Tántáng Máojiān — yiphunga elihlanzekile, elimile le-chestnut eyosiwe (板栗香) kanye nokunambitheka okusha, okumnandi okuncane.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshelwe), 炒青 (chǎoqīng — ukumiswa ngokugazinga ebhodweni).
• Isigaba: Itiye elidumile likazwelonke (全国名茶, quánguó míngchá). Itiye elinesiqinisekiso sokukhonjiswa kwendawo yezolimo — lithole isitifiketi se-”Agricultural Geographical Indication” (农产品地理标志) ngo-2015 futhi lifakwe ohlwini lwesibili lwezindawo eziqashelwa ngokuhlanganyela yi-China ne-EU (2021).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, Isifunda esizimele saseGuangxi Zhuang (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū), idolobha laseGuigang (贵港市, Guìgǎng Shì), isifunda saseTantang (覃塘区, Tántáng Qū). Izintaba ezikhiqiza kakhulu: iPingtianshan (平天山, Píngtiān Shān), iSongbaishan (松柏山, Sōngbǎi Shān), iLushan (芦山), kanye neZhenlongshan ridge (镇龙山, Zhènlóng Shān).
• Izixhumanisi zokuma: Cishe 23°05′ N, 109°20′ E (kubhekiswe enkabeni yesifunda saseTantang).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Indawo yesifunda saseTantang inobudlelwano obude nokutshalwa kwetiye. Ezintabeni zaseZhenlongshan nasePingtianshan ekuphakameni okuphakathi kuka-500–700 m, kutholakale izitshalo zetiye zasendle ezisabalale endaweni engaphezu kwama-700 mu (cishe amahektha angu-47), phakathi kwazo ezinye ezingaba ngu-150 zeminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 — ubufakazi obuphilayo bokuba khona ngokwemvelo kwe-Camellia sinensis kulezi zintaba. Ngeminyaka yawo-1950, amasimu etiye akhona emabangeni aseZhenlongshan nasePingtianshan athuthukiswa ngezinga elikhulu, afinyelela endaweni engaphezu kwama-30 000 mu. I’Guiqing Cha’ (桂青茶) kanye ne’Longfeng Cha’ (龙凤茶) ezikhiqizwa lapha zazifunwa eBeijing, eGuangzhou, eHong Kong, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseYurophu. Ngo-1966, umphakathi waseTantang kanye nenhlangano yendawo bathumela ithimba eFuding County (福鼎县, Fúdǐng Xiàn) esifundazweni saseFujian, lapho baletha khona izithombo zohlobo oludumile iFuding Da Bai Cha (福鼎大白茶). Kwasungulwa ipulazi letiye lase’Tantang’, elaqala ukukhiqiza i’Tantang Longfeng Cha’ (覃塘龙凤茶). Ngo-1971, kwaqala ukuthuthukiswa ngamabomu kwegama elisha — iMaojian. Ngo-1973, itiye laphumelela ukunambitheka kukahulumeni futhi lafakwa ngokusemthethweni kuhlu lwamatiye adumile aseGuangxi. Kusukela ngo-1978 kuya ku-1982, iTantang Maojian yanqoba izikhathi ezintathu ilandelana esikalini samatiye angcono kakhulu esifunda esizimele. Ngo-1982, eMqhudelaneni Kazwelonke Wamatiye Adumile, yathola isiqu ‘setiye elidumile likazwelonke’ (全国名茶), kwathi ngo-1989 emqhudelanweni woMnyango Wezolimo, yaphinda yaqinisekisa isimo sayo. Ngo-1992, iTantang Maojian yafakwa encwadini yezincwadi enegunya ethi ‘Zhongguo Chajing’ (《中国茶经》). Ngo-2015, yathola isitifiketi sikazwelonke sokukhonjiswa kwendawo yezolimo. Ngo-2021, yangena ohlwini lwesibili lwezindawo eziqashelwa ngokuhlanganyela yi-China ne-EU. Ngo-2023, yafakwa kuhla lokuqala lwe’National Special, Quality and New Agricultural Products’ (全国名特优新农产品名录).
• Igama: 覃塘 (Tántáng) — igama lendawo, igama lesifunda sokuphatha eGuigang. Uhlamvu 覃 (tán) linezimpande zakudala futhi livela njengesibongo nasemagameni ezindawo eziseningizimu ye-China; 塘 (táng) — ‘ichibi’, ‘idamu’. 毛 (máo) — ‘izinwele ezincane’, ‘uboya’; 尖 (jiān) — ‘isihloko esicijile’, ‘isiqongo’. ‘Maojian’ (毛尖) — igama lakudala lesigaba samatiye aluhlaza anoboya obumhlophe obuningi emaqulwini kanye nesimo esicijile samahlamvu etiye. Ngaphambi kuka-1973, itiye lalibizwa nge’Tantang Longfeng Cha’ (覃塘龙凤茶 — ‘itiye likadrako nofeniksi laseTantang’); lapho liqanjwa kabusha, kwakhethwa igama elithi ‘Maojian’, eliveza ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukubukeka kanye nokuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: ITantang Maojian iwuphawu lokukhula kwesimanje kwemboni yetiye yaseGuangxi. Ngokungafani namatiye amaningi ‘asendulo’ anemilando eyizinkulungwane zeminyaka, lona umkhiqizo womsebenzi owenziwe ngamabomu wezolimo nobuchwepheshe weminyaka yawo-1960–70, owathola ngokushesha ukuqashelwa kuzwelonke. Namuhla, isifunda saseTantang sizibeka ‘njengekhaya letiye’ (茶叶之乡), futhi itiye seliwumgogodla womnotho wendawo: ubukhulu bengadi zetiye budlula ama-60 000 mu (cishe amahektha angu-4 000), ukukhiqizwa konyaka — cishe amathani angu-2 500 etiye elomile, inani lomkhiqizo — liphezulu kunezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-15 zamayuan. Ngo-2023, kwabanjwa umkhosi wokuqala wokuvuna kwentwasahlobo we’Tantang Maojian Spring Tea Culture Festival’ (覃塘毛尖首届春茶文化节). Isifunda siphinde sakhipha uchungechunge lwezincwadi ‘Inkohliso yaseTantang’ (《魅力覃塘》), ezihlanganisa umqulu othi ‘Iphunga Letiye’ (《茶之香》), onikezelwe emlandweni nasemasikweni etiye lendawo.

3. Incazelo Yebhotani kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Uhlobo: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
• Izinhlobo / I-Cultivar: I-cultivar eyinhloko — iFuding Da Bai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá), eyahunyushwa eFujian ngo-1966. Lena yi-non-clonal shrub cultivar enamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, ephakathi nendawo ekukhuleni, enamahlumelo amakhulu anamanzi amaningi, agcwele uboya obumhlophe. Kuphinde kusetshenziswe izinhlobo iFuyun (福云, Fúyún) kanye neWuniuzao (乌牛早, Wūniú Zǎo) — okuwuhlobo lokuqala olukhiqiza kakhulu.
• Ukuvuna: I-season yasentwasahlobo, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi (inkathi yeChunfen, 春分) kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezihamba phambili — ukuvunwa kuka-Mashi nasekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Ihlumela elilodwa kanye neqabunga elilodwa (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè) noma ihlumela elilodwa namahlamvu amabili esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka (一芽二叶初展). Ama-shoots kufanele abe nobude obufanayo, abe nempilo, ngaphandle kwamahlamvu ansomi, izilokazane kanye nokulimala okwenziwe ngomshini.
• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Ukusha nokuphelela kwama-shoots kuwumgomo obaluleke kakhulu. Ngemva kokuvuna, izinto ezingavuthiwe zilethwa ngokushesha efektri ukuze zicutshungulwe.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

• Ukuphakama okutshalwa kukho: Amasimu amakhulu asezindaweni eziphakeme eziphakathi kuka-500–1,100 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Isiqongo sePingtianshan sifinyelela ku-1,157 m — okuyindawo ephakeme kakhulu yesifunda.
• Indawo: Izintaba ziminyene ngamahlathi, zihlukaniswa yimifudlana nemihosha. Amasimu asemithambekeni nasemathafeni, avikelekile emikheni enamandla.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo sangaphansi kwe-subtropical, esifudumele nesinomswakama. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi ngonyaka — cishe 21–22 °C (ezindaweni eziphakeme — liba ngaphansi kakhulu, ~18 °C). Imvula — 1,500–2,100 mm/ngonyaka. Inkungu evamile nokwanda kwamafu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasentwasahlobo.
• Inhlabathi: Ijulile, ivundile, iyavuleka — kugcwele i-weather purple shale soils (紫页岩风化土). I-acidity (pH) — 4.5–6.0. Iqukethe izinto eziphilayo eziphakeme.
• Imvelo: Ukwanda kokukhanya okuhlakazekile kanye nomehluko omkhulu emazingeni okushisa asemini nasebusuku kusiza ekunqwabelaneni kwama-amino acid nezinto ezinephunga emahlamvini. Amapulazi etiye asebenzisa ngenkuthalo izindlela zokuvikela eziphilayo: izicupho eziphuzi ezinamathelayo zezinambuzane (emapulazini amakhulu kufakwa ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingu-10), ukunisela ngamaconsi okuhlanganiswa nomanyolo ophilayo olethwa ngezinqaba zokuqoqa amanzi ezintabeni. Inqwaba yamabhizinisi esifundeni anezitifiketi ezihambisana namazinga o-‘Kudla Okungenabungozi’ (无公害食品), ‘Ukudla Okuluhlaza’ (绿色食品) kanye ‘Nomkhiqizo Ophilayo’ (有机食品). Amasimu esifunda sase’Tantang’ asethole izikhathi eziningi isimo ‘seSimodeli Sokuphila Esisekelweni Sokutshalwa Kwezimboni Zetiye eGuangxi’ (广西生态茶叶示范基地).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kweTantang Maojian kuhlanganisa izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili eziyinhloko. Ubuchwepheshe buqondiswe ekwenzeni iqabunga eliluhlaza ngokugqamile elinephunga le-chestnut elicacile:

• Ukuvuleka / Ukubuna (鲜叶摊放, xiānyè tānfàng): Ama-shoots avuniwe avulwa ngocwecwana oluncane emapani ahlanzekile oqalo egumbini elinomoya. Isikhathi — kuze kuthi lapho kuphela ukucwebezela okungaphezulu futhi kuvele iphunga elisha.
• Ukumiswa / Shaqing (杀青, shāqīng): Ukugazinga okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa — yisigaba esibalulekile esinomthelela ebaleni letiye eliqediwe. Izinga lokushisa — liphezulu (先高后低), amahlamvu ashiswa ngokushesha, ama-enzyme enziwa angasebenzi, i-chlorophyll iyalondolozwa. Lena yimfihlo yobuchwepheshe yeTantang Maojian ekhanya ngokugqamile.
• Ukudambisa umoya / Qingfeng (清风, qīngfēng): Iqabunga eligazingiwe livulwa ukuze lipholile futhi kungene umswakama.
• Ukusontwa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kwakha isakhiwo samangqamuzana, kwembula amajusi futhi kubeka ukuminyana kokunambitha okuzayo.
• Ukubunjwa / Litiao (理条, lǐtiáo): Ukunikeza amahlamvu etiye isimo esibuthakathaka, esiqondile, esicijile — isithunzi esijwayelekile ‘se-maojian’. Lesi sigaba sidinga ikhono eliphakeme kakhulu: iminwe yengcweti iyawakhipha futhi iwabeke ngokuhleleka ihlamvu ngalinye letiye ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokwesiko, iTantang Maojian ibunjwa ngesandla kuphela (全凭手工, quán píng shǒugōng), nakuba emabhizinini amakhulu kusetshenziswa nokubunjwa ngomshini. Kungumsebenzi wezandla ovame ukuqinisekisa ubuthakathaka nokulingana kwamahlamvu etiye, okuyikona okwenza ibanga eliphezulu likhetheke.
• Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān): Ukushisa kuze kube yilapho umswakama uzinzile.
• Ukuhlunga (筛选, shāixuǎn): Ukususwa kwamahlamvu etiye angaphelelisiwe, uthuli kanye nezinsalela ezingaphukile.
• Ukuphunga / Fuxiang (复香, fùxiāng): Ukufudumeza okulula kokugcina, ‘okukhuphula’ futhi okuqinisa iphunga. Yikulesi sigaba lapho ithoni ye-chestnut (栗香) ivela ngamandla ngokuphelele.

6. Izici Zokuhlola Ngezitho Zenhliziyo:

• Isimo sangaphandle seqabunga elomile: Amahlamvu etiye athambile, amade, acishe aqonde (条索纤细圆直), anombala ogqamile we-emerald-green (色泽翠绿). Izinwele ezincane ezimhlophe ziningi futhi zibonakala kahle (毫锋显露).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Liphakeme, lihlanzekile, linethoni ecacile ye-chestnut eyosiwe (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng). Ukusha okungenayo ukungcola ‘okungavuthiwe’.
• Iphunga lokunambitha: Lihlala isikhathi eside, liphakeme futhi liyinkimbinkimbi. Kugqama i-chestnut overtone, ehambisana nokunambitheka okumnandi okuncane kwezimbali. Iphunga lihlala phakathi kokuchithwa okuyizikhathi ezimbalwa.
• Ukunambitheka: Kuyasha (鲜爽), kunothe (醇厚), kumnandi (甘润). Umzimba (ubukhulu bokunambitheka) — uphakathi nendawo, ‘ukugcwala’ okumnandi ngaphandle kobugwala. Ukunambitheka okusemuva — kuhamba isikhathi eside, kukhula ubumnandi (回甘).
• Umbala wokunambitha: Uphuzi-oluhlaza, kukhanya futhi kusobala (汤色黄绿明亮).
• Isisekelo setiye (叶底, yèdǐ): Kuseluhlaza okuncane, okufanayo, okugqamile (嫩绿明亮匀整). Amahlumela namahlamvu amancane agcinwe kahle.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-polyphenol (茶多酚): Okuqukethwe — cishe 22–28 % wesisindo esomile. Izingxenye eziyinhloko — ama-catechin (EGCG, EGC, ECG, EC). Izimo eziphakeme kanye nokukhanya okuhlakazekile kusiza ekuqukethweni okufanele kwama-polyphenol kanye nezinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid, okunikeza ukunambitheka okuthambile, okungababayo kakhulu.
• Ama-amino acid (氨基酸): Okuqukethwe okuphakeme, kufaka phakathi i-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸), enesibopho sokunambitheka okumnandi nethoni ‘ye-umami’, kanye nangomphumela ophumuzayo wetiye.
• Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱) — ~2.5–4 % yesisindo esomile. Kukhona futhi amanani amancane e-theobromine ne-theophylline.
• Amavithamini: C, B₁, B₂, E, K — isethi ejwayelekile yetiye eliluhlaza elisezingeni eliphezulu elinciphiswa kancane ukushisa.
• Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluoride.
• Izithako ezinephunga: Inhlanganisela yezinto eziguqukayo, kufaka phakathi ama-pyrazine (abhekene nethoni ye-chestnut), i-linalool, i-geraniol, i-cis-3-hexenol (inothi elisha eliluhlaza).
• Isici esikhethekile: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cultivar iFuding Da Bai Cha ngamahlumela ayo amakhulu, agcwele uboya kuhlinzeka ngeqoqo eliphezulu lama-amino acid, okwehlukanisa iTantang Maojian kwamanye ama-maojian amaningi.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: Ama-catechin (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG) — angabambi abanamandla bamahhala, asiza ukuvikela amaseli emonakalweni we-oxidative.
• Ukuqinisa amandla kanye nemisebenzi yokuqonda: Ukuhlanganiswa ‘kwe-caffeine + L-theanine’ kunikeza ukukhuphuka okuthambile nokungagungqi kokunaka ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.
• Ukusekelwa kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukuphuza njalo itiye eliluhlaza kuhlobene nokwenza ngcono iphrofayili ye-lipid kanye nokujwayelekile komfutho wegazi.
• Ukugaya ukudla: Ama-catechin akhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya ukudla futhi anomphumela omncane wokulwa namagciwane emathunjini.
• Ukulawulwa kwesisindo somzimba: Ama-polyphenol etiye eliluhlaza akhuthaza i-thermogenesis futhi angase asekele umzimba ekusebenzeni kwamafutha.
• Isimo somlomo: I-fluoride nama-catechin avimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi, okunciphisa ubungozi bokubola kwamazinyo.
• Isikhumba: Ama-antioxidant abambezela ukuguga okubangelwa ilanga, asekele ukuqina kwesikhumba. Ama-catechin nawo anomphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala.
• Ukuvikeleka komzimba: Ama-polyphenol kanye novithamini C basekela ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi eziguqukayo.
• Kubalulekile: Abantu abane-acidity ephezulu yesisu nokuzwela kwi-caffeine bayanconywa ukuba baphuze itiye ngemva kokudla futhi ngezilinganiso ezifanele. Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kuhle ukuba balinganisele ukuphuza itiye eliluhlaza elinamandla ngenxa yokuqukethwe yi-caffeine.

9. Ukungenisa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C. Ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezithambile kakhulu zasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo — 78–80 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3–5 g ngamanzi ayi-150–200 ml.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi ecwebile enezindonga eziqondile (ikahle kakhulu ukubuka ‘umdanso’ wamahlamvu etiye athambile) noma i-porcelain gaiwan enezindonga ezincane.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo, ukhulule amanzi.
  2. Faka iqabunga elomile; busisela iphunga lamahlamvu etiye afudunyeziwe.
  3. Thela amanzi angu-80–85 °C. Uma ungenisa engilazini — sebenzisa indlela ‘yokuthululela phezulu’ (上投法, shàngtóu fǎ): kuqala amanzi, bese kufakwa itiye — amahlamvu etiye azokwehla kancane aye phansi, enze isithombe esihle.
  4. Ukungeniswa kokuqala — cishe imizuzu engu-2–3 (ingilazi) noma imizuzwana engu-30–45 (gaiwan).
  5. Ukuphindaphinda okulandelayo (gaiwan): engeza isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-10–15. ITantang Maojian ikwazi ukumelana nokungeniswa okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-4–6.
  6. Engilazini — ungakwazi ukufaka amanzi izikhathi ezingu-2–3, ungakhuphi konke ukungeniswa.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Isitsha: Esivaleka ngci, esingangenisi ukukhanya — amathini ensimbi, izikhwama ze-vacuum ezi-foil.
• Izinga lokushisa: Okuhle kakhulu — 0–5 °C (esiqandisini) lapho kuvaliwe ngokuqinile. Kubalulekile: ngaphambi kokuvula isikhwama esisuka esiqandisini, kufanele sisondezwe ezingeni lokushisa legumbi ukuze kugwemeke ukufingqa komswakama eqabungeni.
• Ukukhanya, umswakama, amaphunga: Yizinto ezintathu eziyinhloko eziyingozi. Gcina kude nezinongo, amakha nezinye izinto ezinephunga.
• Isikhathi sokuphila: Ukuze ukunambitheka kugcwale — izinyanga ezingu-6–12 emva kokukhiqizwa. Ukusha kuyinzuzo ebalulekile yaleli tiye.

11. Intengo kanye Nezingcaphuno:

• Isigaba sentengo: Ingxenye ephakathi nendawo phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza kazwelonke. Amaqoqo okuqala kwentwasahlobo avela eSongbaishan abiza kakhulu kunokuqoqwa kwakamuva. Amaqoqo okuthekelisa (kuhlanganisa nalawo aya eJalimane nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu) — asendaweni ephezulu yentengo.
• Ungakugwema kanjani ukuthola izinkohliso:
  • Bheka ukumakwa okuyi-‘覃塘毛尖’ okunophawu lukazwelonke lwezolimo lwe-GI (农产品地理标志).
  • Hlola isimo sangaphandle: iTantang Maojian yangempela — ngamahlamvu etiye amancane aqondile anoboya obuningi obumhlophe nombala oluhlaza ocacile. Ukuphaphalaza nokungabi naboya kuwuphawu lokukhohlisa.
  • Bheka iphunga: ithoni ye-chestnut kufanele ibe ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kobukhali nokunambitheka okumnandi ‘okungamakhemikhali’.
  • Ukunambitha — kusobala, okuphuzi-oluhlaza. Ukungasusile nethoni onsundu kuveza izinto ezingavuthiwe ezingasezingeni eliphansi noma esezindala.
  • Intengo ephansi ngokungabazisayo — isignali yokuthi kungenzeka kushintshwe ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezivela emasimini asezansi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• ITantang Maojian ingenye yamatiye adumile aseChina ambalwa omlando wawo ungaqali emandulo, kodwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20. Ukudalwa kwayo kungumphumela wento ehlosiwe ‘yokuhlasela kwetiye’ yango-1966 isuka eGuangxi iya eFujian ukuyolanda izithombo zeFuding Da Bai Cha.
• Ezintabeni zaseZhenlongshan nasePingtianshan, kutholwe cishe isihlahla setiye sasendle esiyi-150 esineminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu — kufakazela ukuthi itiye lalikhula kulezi zindawo isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokudalwa kwamasimu atshaliwe ngokomthetho.
• ITantang Maojian yaba itiye lokuqala eliluhlaza laseGuangxi elathengiselwa eJalimane (iqoqo lango-2017), — lesi senzakalo savula imakethe yaseYurophu kumatiye esifunda.
• Ngo-2023, kwabanjwa eTantang ‘uMkhosi Wokuqala Wetiye Lasentwasahlobo’, owawuhlelwe ngokuhambisana neChunfen (春分, ukulingana kwentwasahlobo) — kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, usuku lwaba yisiqalo sonyaka sonyaka sezinkathi ezintsha zetiye.
• ITantang Maojian iyingxenye ‘yeziqalo ezine’ zamatiye adumile aseGuangxi (广西四大名茶), kanye neGuiping Xishan Cha, iLingyun Baihao neWuzhou Liubao Cha.
• Isifunda saseTantang — ngesinye sezindawo ezimbalwa eChina lapho itiye eliluhlaza likhuliswa khona endaweni yeshintsho phakathi kwe-tropical ne-subtropical enezinga lokushisa eliphakathi lonyaka elingaphezu kuka-21 °C. Ngokuvamile isimo sezulu esinjalo sihlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwetiye elibomvu, kodwa ukuphakama kwezintaba kanye ne-microclimate yasePingtianshan kunikeza izimo ezijwayelekile ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zetiye.
• Ubukhulu bengadi zetiye esifundeni budlula ama-60 000 mu (cishe amahektha angu-4 000), futhi itiye liyisitshalo esakha idolobha: embonini kuqashwe amabhizinisi amakhulu angaphezu kuka-20, inani lomkhiqizo lonyaka liphezulu kunezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-15 zamayuan. Itiye londe imindeni eyizinkulungwane, futhi izakhamuzi eziningi zendawo ngokuhlekisa zibiza iMaojian ‘ngeqabunga legolide’ (金叶子) ‘nesihlahla semali’ (摇钱树).

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza esigaba ‘Maojian’:

• Xinyang Maojian (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Itiye elinganekwaneni laseHenan ‘eliphuma koshumi abakhulu’. Likhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinhlobo zamaqabunga amancane zendawo, livunwa ngaphambi kokuqala kakhulu — ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi. Linenzondo enkulu, linomzimba ominyene kanye nokubabayo okuvamisile okuvelayo, okuyinto ebalulekile kubazi. Iphunga — lisha, linotshani nezinzwa zezimbali, ngaphandle kwethoni ye-chestnut. Uma liqhathaniswa nalo, iTantang Maojian — ithambile, inoshukela futhi inethoni ye-chestnut egqamile, okwenza kube lula nakwabaqalayo.
• Duyun Maojian (都匀毛尖, Dūyún Máojiān): Itiye elidumile laseGuizhou, futhi ‘eliphuma koshumi abakhulu’. Lihlukaniswa ngokusonteka okuncane okuhlangene okufana ne-hook kanye nephunga elithambile lezimbali elinethoni yoju neyobhontshisi. Ukungena — kuyakhanya futhi kusobala. ITantang Maojian — iqonde kakhulu ngokwesimo, inomzimba ominyene futhi ‘iyi-nutty’ ngokwephunga.
• Guiping Xishan Cha (桂平西山茶, Guìpíng Xīshān Chá): Imbangi eseduze yaseGuangxi. I-Xishan Cha — itiye elinomlando omude (lashiwo kusukela esikhathini samaTang), likhula eNtabeni iXishan (indawo engcwele yamaBuddha), enikeza umoya okhethekile wamasiko. Iphunga — linamanzi ezimbali, umzimba ulula futhi ucebile. ITantang Maojian — inomzimba ominyene, icebile futhi ‘inamandla’ ngokunambitheka, inephrofayili ye-chestnut ecacile.
• Lingyun Baihao (凌云白毫, Língyún Báiháo): Omunye futhi okhokho waseGuangxi, okhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa uhlobo olunamahlamvu amakhulu iLingyun Baihao (凌云白毫茶). Itiye elinoboya obumhlophe obujiyile nokunambitheka okuthambile, okuncane okunamafutha — elingaphezulu ‘njengamhlophe’ ngesitayela, okufana ne-bai-cha. ITantang Maojian — iwu-classic, a-clear chaoqing-green ene-chestnut egqamile evelayo ephungeni.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Tántáng Máojiān — yitiye elisha phakathi kwamatiye adumile aseChina: umlando walo uneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kuphela, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi lisuke lapho lingumkhiqizo wokuhlola we-cooperative yasemaphandleni laya ekubeni itiye elidumile likazwelonke elinokukhonjiswa kwendawo yaseYurophu. Amahlamvu etiye aluhlaza amancane anoboya obumhlophe, iphunga elimile le-chestnut eyosiwe, ukunambitheka okusha nokumnandi — konke lokhu kwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kokuphuzwa kwansuku zonke. Lingenise engilazini ecwebile bese ubuka indlela ‘imikhonto’ ecijile ecwila ngayo kancane emanzini afudumele, — injabulo elula, esemgqeni wenkomishi ngayinye yetiye elihle eliluhlaza.