Táiwān yěshēng shānchá hóngchá

Itiye lasendle laseTaiwan elibizwa ngokuthi “Shān Chá” (山茶, “itiye lasentaba”) — ingenye yamathiyu abomvu ayingqayizivele futhi angajwayelekile emhlabeni, ekhiqizwa kusetshenziswa amaqabunga e-Camellia formosensis — uhlobo lwetiye lwaseTaiwan olutholakala kuphela kuleya ndawo, oluhlukile ngokwezofuzo kunalezo ezijwayelekile i-Camellia sinensis kanye ne-Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Lona yinsalela yenkathi yeqhwa, esindile emahlathini asezintabeni maphakathi naseningizimu yeTaiwan, — ubufakazi obuphilayo bokuthi lesi siqhingi sinomkhakha walo ozimele wokuguquka kwetiye.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (紅茶, hóngchá) — livuthiwe (i-oxidation) ngokuphelele.
• Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu laseTaiwan eliyivelakancane elikhula endle. Uhlobo lwendawo eyodwa kuphela.
• Imvelaphi: ITaiwan (臺灣, Táiwān), isifunda saseNantou (南投縣, Nántóu Xiàn), indawo yaseYuchi (魚池鄉, Yúchí Xiāng), eduze kweLake i-Sun Moon (日月潭, Rìyuè Tán). Uhlanga lwasendle lwe-Camellia formosensis luphinde lwatholakala ezintabeni zezifunda zaseChiayi (嘉義縣, Jiāyì Xiàn), iKaohsiung (高雄市, Gāoxióng Shì), kanye neTaitung (臺東縣, Táidōng Xiàn), ngasohlangothini lwe-Central Mountain Range (中央山脈, Zhōngyāng Shānmài) endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-600–1600.
• Izixhumanisi Zendawo: ≈ 23.85°N, 120.92°E (indawo yeLake i-Sun Moon, indawo enkulu yokuhweba).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Itiye lasendle i-Shān Chá — itiye elidala kunawo wonke eTaiwan, umlando walo udlulela kude le ngalé kokutshalwa kwabantu. I-Camellia formosensis iwuhlobo lwensalela lwasendulo olwasinda kusukela ngesikhathi senkathi yokugcina yeqhwa.

  Abantu bomdabu baseTaiwan — ikakhulukazi abakwaThao (邵族, Shào zú, “abantu bechibi”), abahlala emaphethelweni eLake i-Sun Moon — babehlonipha itiye lasendle njengesitshalo esingcwele futhi balibiza ngokuthi “itiye labasezulwini” (仙茶, xiānchá). Ukukhuluma kokuqala kwabaseYurophu ngetiye lasendle eTaiwan kusukela enkathini yamaDashi (1645), lapho izikhulu zamakoloni zaziphawula ukusetshenziswa kwesitshalo setiye sendawo ngabomdabu. Umbiko wokuqala onemininingwane emithonjeni yamaShayina wavela eqoqweni le-Qing lango-1724 (unyaka wesi-2 ka-Yongzheng): “Itiye elibopha amanzi (水沙連茶, Shuǐshālián chá) limila ezintabeni ezijulile. Izihlahla ziyamthunzela, inkungu namazolo kuyamsonga, ilanga lasekuseni nelakusihlwa alifinyeleli. Umbala uluhlaza njenge-sōngluó (松蘿), ngokwemvelo ubanda kakhulu, welapha ukushisa ngempumelelo enkulu.”

  Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamaJapan (1895–1945) umbuso wamakoloni wanaka itiye lasendle laseNtunjana yase-Yuchi njengesisetshenziswa esihle sokukhethwa kwezitshalo. Entabeni i-Maolan (貓蘭山, Māolán Shān) kwasungulwa isiteshi sokuhlola itiye elibomvu — umfuziselo we-Gatsha Lokufunda Nokuthuthukisa Itiye lase-Yuchi (茶改場魚池分場, Chágǎi Chǎng Yúchí Fēnchǎng). Okubizwa ngokuthi “Déhuà shānchá” (德化山茶, Déhuà shānchá) — uhlobo lwetiye lasendle lwendawo, olwadlula ekufuyweni okuyingxenye — lwaluthathwa njengolusezingeni eliphezulu kangangokuba lwaluphana njengesipho kumbusi waseJapan. Ngo-1930, imbewu engama-3000 eyaqoqwa e-Lianhuachi (蓮華池) yathunyelwa e-Japan ukuyohlolelwa ukukhethwa kwezitshalo.

  Ngo-1937 izazi zezitshalo zaseJapan uMasamune Genkei (正宗嚴敬) noSuzuki Shigeyoshi (鈴木重良) bachaza itiye lasendle laseTaiwan okokuqala njenge-Thea formosensis, bakhuphula ukuthi lingase libe nokuzimela kwentela. Kodwa ukuqinisekiswa okuphelele kwesimo sohlobo lwayo kwafika kuphela ngo-2009, lapho uSu Meng-huai (蘇夢淮) kanye nozakwabo, ngokuhlaziya i-nuclear DNA (isakhi sofuzo i-RPB2), befakazela ukuthi i-Camellia formosensis yakha iqembu elizimele le-monophyletic, elihlukaniseke ngokwezofuzo kuyo yomibili i-C. sinensis kanye ne-C. sinensis var. assamica. Igama eliphelele lezitshalo: Camellia formosensis (Masamune et Suzuki) M. H. Su, C. F. Hsieh et C. H. Tsou.

  Ngekhulu lama-20, ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano kwe-Shān Chá kucishe kwanqamuka ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezinhlobo zezitshalo ezithela kakhudlwana. Ukuvuselelwa kwentshisekelo kwaqala ngekhulu lama-21 ngenxa yomfutho wezindaba zemvelo, izinhlelo zokulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokwanda kwesidingo samathiyu ayingqayizivele “ezindawo-thile”. Ngo-2021, uhulumeni waseTaiwan wafaka i-Shān Chá ohlamini lwezitshalo ezivunyelwe “ezokulima emahlathini” (林下經濟, línxià jīngjì), okuvule indlela esemthethweni yokutshala itiye lasendle ngaphansi kwethunzi lehlathi.

• Igama: I-Shān Chá (山茶) isho ukuthi “itiye lasentaba”. I-Yě Shēng (野生) isho “okukhula endle”. I-Hóng Chá (紅茶) isho “itiye elibomvu”. Igama eligcwele lichaza imvelaphi: “itiye elibomvu laseTaiwan elivela etiyeni lasendle lasentaba”.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Shān Chá ifanekisela ukuxhumana kweTaiwan nomlando ojulile wezitshalo wendawo — ubufakazi bokuthi lesi siqhingi sinezakhi zalo zofuzo zetiye, ezingancikile e-China yaswenkabeni. Leli tiye liyingxenye yohlelo lokulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseTaiwan futhi liwugqozi lukazwelonke, oluhlanganisa isayensi, imvelo kanye nokudla okumnandi.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Uhlobo: Camellia formosensis (Masamune et Suzuki) M. H. Su, C. F. Hsieh et C. H. Tsou. Iwuhlobo olutholakala eTaiwan kuphela, oluhlukaniseke ngokwezofuzo ku-C. sinensis kanye ne-C. sinensis var. assamica. Ngokubukeka ifana nohlobo lwe-Assam, kodwa ihluke ngesici esibalulekile sokuma: ihlumela elisethangeni libushelelezi, alinabo uboya (kanti ohlotsheni lwe-Assam ihlumela limbozwe uboya). Izihlahla zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-10 noma ngaphezulu, ezindaweni eziseningizimu yesiqhingi kunezibonelo ezingafika kumamitha angu-35. Amaqabunga makhulu futhi aminyene, uhlelo lwezimpande lunamandla, ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zasezintabeni kuphezulu. Iminyaka yezinye izihlahla ilinganiselwa emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka.
• Ukusabalala ngokwendawo: I-Central Mountain Range yaseTaiwan, izifunda zaseNantou, Chiayi, Kaohsiung, Taitung. Isiteshi saseTaiwan Sokucwaninga Nokuthuthukisa Itiye (茶業改良場, TRES) sihlukanisa izigodi ezimbalwa zasendaweni: Měiyuán Shān Chá (眉原山茶), Déhuà Shān Chá (德化社山茶), Fènghuáng Shān Chá (鳳凰山茶), Lèyě Shān Chá (樂野山茶), Lóngtóu Shān Chá (龍頭山茶), Mínghǎi Shān Chá (鳴海山茶), Nánfèng Shān Chá (南鳳山茶), Yǒngkāng Shān Chá (永康山茶) — ngasinye sinezici zaso eziyingqayizivele.
• Ukuvunwa: Kwenziwa ngesandla, ngokuvamile kanye ngonyaka (ehlobo — ekuqaleni kwekwindla). Amahlumela amancane avela ezihlahleni ezikhula endle. Ukuvunwa kulawulwa ngokuqinile ukuze kugcinwe inani labantu; ezindaweni eziningana kuvikelwe umthetho. Ivolumu yokukhiqizwa incane kakhulu.
• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Kusetshenziswa amaqabunga avela ezihlahleni ezikhula endle noma eziyingxenye endle kuphela, ezimila emahlathini asezintabeni ahlanzekile ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, umquba noma ezinye izithako zokulima.

4. Indawo Nokukhethekile Kwezokutshalwa:

• Isifunda: Indawo yase-Yuchi, eduze kweLake i-Sun Moon — iyona ndawo enkulu yokuhweba. Leli chibi lisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha acishe abe ngu-748 emgodini ophakathi kwezintaba ze-Central Range.
• Ubude bendawo yokumila: Amamitha angu-600–1600 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Izindawo ezinkulu zokuhweba — amamitha angu-700–1000 (indawo yechibi); izihlahla zasendle zitholakala nasezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu.
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ye-volcanic, ecebile ngamaminerali, enamanzi adlula kahle futhi enomthamo ophezulu wezinto eziphilayo. I-acidity iphakathi.
• Isimo Sezulu: I-subtropical enomswakama onethonya eliqhamile lezintaba. Inkungu evamile, umswakama ophezulu (80–90%), amazinga okushisa azinzile (isilinganiso sonyaka ~18–20°C endaweni yechibi). Isimo sezulu esipholile sisiza ukukhula kancane nokunqwabelana kwezinto ezinuka kamnandi.
• Izici ezikhethekile: Izihlahla zetiye zimila endaweni yemvelo yehlathi, ngaphansi kwethunzi lezihlahla ezinde, ngaphandle kokugxiya komuntu. Leli tiye li-organic ngomqondo ongokoqobo — hhayi ngenxa yokuthi ipulazi lithole isitifiketi, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi isihlahla asikaze sithintwe nalilodwa ibhodlela lomquba. Ukuvunwa kukhawulelwe ukuze kugcinwe inani labantu, futhi lesi yisici esibalulekile esinquma ukungatholakali kalula kanye nentengo yomkhiqizo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Shān Chá Hóng Chá kulandela ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile betiye elibomvu kucatshangelwa izici ezikhethekile zezinto ezingavuthiwe zasendle ezinamaqabunga amakhulu:

• Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo): Amaqabunga avuniwe andlalwa ukuze alahlekelwe umswakama kancane futhi kuqalwe izinqubo zama-enzyme. Amaqabunga amakhulu, aminyene e-C. formosensis adinga ukubuna isikhathi eside (kufinyelela emahoreni angu-18–24) ukuze afinyelele ukunwebeka okudingekayo.
• Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Amaqabunga ayagxotshwa futhi asonteke ukuze kubhidlizwe izindonga zamangqamuzana futhi kukhishwe ujusi. Usayizi omkhulu weqabunga le-C. formosensis awuvumeli ukusonteka okuqinile — iqabunga eliqediwe lihlala likhulu futhi lisonteke kancane.
• Ukuvutshelwa / I-Oxidation (發酵, fāxiào): Isigaba esibalulekile. I-oxidation yejusi letiye ngaphansi komoya-mpilo yenza iphrofayili ejulile, enambitheka izinyosi nezithelo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwezinye izikhathi zonyaka amaqabunga e-C. formosensis achayeka emithelela yemvelo yezimpukane zetiye (小綠葉蟬, Jacobiasca formosana), okulunywa kwazo kuqala ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuvikela eqabungeni, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwamanothi ajwayelekile ezinyosi ne-muscat — umgudu ofana nowakha iphunga le-Dōngfāng Měirén (東方美人, Dōngfāng Měirén, “Ubuhle baseMpumalanga”). Ukuba khona komphumela “wezimpukane” akuhlali kunjalo futhi kuncike endaweni ethile kanye nesikhathi sonyaka, okwenza iqoqo ngalinye libe yingqayizivele.
• Ukomisa (乾燥, gānzào): Ukumisa i-oxidation nokuqinisa izici ezitholakele ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kokushisa. Ukomisa okupholile ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi ukuze kugcinwe iphunga elimnandi elicolekileyo.

6. Izici Zezinzwa:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga amakhulu, anombala onsundu ngokumnyama, asonteke kancane — amakhulu ngokuphawulekayo kunawamanye amathiyu abomvu ajwayelekile aseTaiwan. Ukuthungwa kweqabunga elomile — kumahhadlahhadla, “kwasendle”, ngaphandle kokuhleleka okulinganayo kwepulazi.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Eliyinkimbinkimbi, elinezendlalelo eziningi. Kunamandla amanothi ezinyosi zasendle namajikijolo amahlathi. Ngemuva — isinamoni, i-camphor encane, uphawu lwezinto ezi-baked kanye namakhambi omile. Iphunga “lasehlathini”, elinomuzwa wobusha bezintaba.
• Iphunga lokugxishwe: Eliqinile, elimnandi, elinezinyosi nezithelo. Amacezu ezi-floral (orchid, osmanthus) kanye namajikijolo (blueberry, blackberry). Ithoni zokhuni (sandalwood, cedar) zivela njengoba kuphola. Emaqoqweni achayeke emithelela yezimpukane — kukhona i-“silky” yemuscats nezinyosi eyisici.
• Ukunambitheka: Okuthambile, okusongelayo, ngaphandle kokubaba noma ukuqatha — okunye kokuthungwa okuthambile kakhulu phakathi kwamathiyu abomvu. Ubumnandi obuqhamile bemvelo obunamacezu acacile wezithelo ezivuthiwe (ipentshisi, i-blueberry, ipheya esi-baked), izinyosi kanye nokunambitheka kwaminerali okuncane kwenhlabathi ye-volcanic. I-aftertaste — endala, eqabulayo, enoshukela omncane, enesiphetho esimila i-menthol ne-camphor (lokhu kuyisici sofuzo se-C. formosensis, esizuzwe njengefa nayinhlanganisela yayo i-Taicha No. 18, i-Hóng Yù).
• Umbala wokugxishwe: Okhanyayo, obomvu-okhambathi, okhanyayo, ongenawo umdidi omningi.
• Insimbi yetiye (iqabunga eligxishiwe): Amaqabunga amakhulu, aphelele ayavuleka ngokugcwele, ebonisa isimo esiyisici se-C. formosensis — esimise okomkhonto, esingenabo uboya ethangeni. Umbala — obomvu wethusi onesithunzi se-olive.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• I-Polyphenols: I-Camellia formosensis yehlukile ku-C. sinensis ngephrofayili ye-polyphenol. Inani eliphelele lama-catechin — liphansi kunalelo lohlobo lwe-Assam, okuyimbangela yokungabibikho kobaba nokuqatha. Kodwa ububanzi be-polyphenol bubanzi futhi buhlanganisa izinhlanganisela ezingejwayelekile ezinhlotsheni ezitshaliwe — umphumela wokuziphendukela okuzimele kohlobo.
• Ama-Amino acid: Inani eliphelele lama-amino acid akhululekile — liphakeme, ikakhulukazi emaqabungeni avuthiwe. I-cultivar i-Taicha 24 (臺茶24號, Shānyùn, “Iphunga Lezintaba”), eyakhiwe ngohlobo lwase-Yongkang lwe-C. formosensis, ikhombisa amanani aphakeme kakhulu wama-amino acid phakathi kwamathiyu aseTaiwan. I-L-theanine yakha ukushelela “okufana ne-umami” kokunambitheka.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine — iphansi ngokuphawulekayo kunaku-C. sinensis: ngaphansi kuka-2% emaqabungeni avuthiwe (kuma-cultivar ajwayelekile — 2–4%). Lokhu kwenza i-Shān Chá ibe ngelinye lamathiyu abomvu anemvelo ane-“caffeine” encane kakhulu.
• Amavithamini: Amavithamini eqembu B, uvithamini C (wehle ngenxa ye-oxidation), uvithamini K.
• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-iron. Inhlabathi ye-volcanic yengeza iphrofayili ecebile yamaminerali.
• Izinhlanganisela ezinamakha eziguqukayo: I-Linalool (amanothi ezimbali), i-geraniol (amathoni ama-rose), i-nerol (amathoni amnandi), i-menthol ne-camphor (isiphetho semint/camphor — isici sofuzo se-C. formosensis), i-methyl salicylate, i-furfural. Umthelela wezimpukane utshala ukwakheka kwe-2,6-dimethyl-3,7-octadien-2,6-diol (homotrienol) — ingxenye eyinhloko yephunga “lemuscats nezinyosi”, eliyisici le-Dōngfāng Měirén.
• Isici Esikhethekile: I-caffeine ephansi kanye nomthamo ophezulu wama-amino acid nama-catechin ancishisiwe kwakha iphrofayili engachazwa ngokuthi “ukuthamba okungenakuvumelana” — ukungabibikho kobaba nokuqatha akuphinde kugcwalise, kodwa kuyisici semvelo salolu hlobo.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukuvikela i-Antioxidant: Umthamo ophezulu wama-polyphenol (nakuba enephrofayili ehlukile kunaku-C. sinensis) unikeza umsebenzi ophawulekayo we-antioxidant, usiza ekunciphiseni ama-radical akhululekile.
• Ukuqabula okuthambile: Umthamo oncishisiwe we-caffeine uhlanganiswe ne-L-theanine kunikeza ukuqabula okuzolile, okungacunuli — okuhle kakhulu ekuseleni itiye kusihlwa nakubantu abazwelayo ku-caffeine.
• Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Iphrofayili ye-polyphenol ethambile, engenakuhlasela yenza leli tiye lingalimazi esiswini, lilungele ukusetshenziswa kokubili ngemva kokudla futhi nasesiswini esingenalutho uma kuqhathaniswa.
• Ukuphumula nokusekela ingqondo: Umthamo ophezulu wama-amino acid (ikakhulukazi i-L-theanine) ukhuthaza isigqi se-alpha sokusebenza kwengqondo, usize isimo sokunaka okuphumule.
• Ukwesekwa kohlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo: Ukusetshenziswa okuphakathi njalo kwetiye elibomvu kuhlotshaniswa nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo.
• Ukwesekwa ngamaminerali: Inhlabathi ye-volcanic inikeza ukwakheka okucebile kwamaminerali okugxishwe.

9. Ukugxisha:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95°C. Akunconywa amanzi abilayo aqinile — angagqamisa amanothi e-camphor amancane ngokweqile.
• Inani letiye: amagremu angu-5–7 nge-150–200 ml (indlela ye-gong fu cha); amagremu angu-3–4 nge-250 ml (isitayela saseYurophu).
• Isitsha: I-gaiwan (蓋碗, gàiwǎn) — yindlela engcono yokwembula lonke ububanzi bephunga. I-teapot ye-porcelain noma yobumba — yenza iphrofayili ethambile, “eyindilinga”.
• Inqubo:
  1. Sheshisa isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo.
  2. Thela itiye. Amaqabunga amakhulu e-Shān Chá athatha indawo enkulu kunetiye elijwayelekile — ungathuswa i-gaiwan “egcwele” ngokubukeka.
  3. Ukushelela kokuqala (ukuchelela): thela uphinde ukhiphe ngokushesha. Kunconywa ukuze “kuvuswe” iqabunga elikhulu.
  4. Ukushelela kwesibili: imizuzwana eyi-15–20.
  5. Ukushelela kwesi-3–5: imizuzwana eyi-15–25.
  6. Ukushelela kwesi-6–7: imizuzwana eyi-25–40. I-Shān Chá esezingeni eliphezulu imelana nokushelela okugcwele okungu-5–7.
  7. Isitayela saseYurophu: imizuzu emi-2–3 yokugxishwa.
• Izincomo: Ungafaki ushukela, ubisi noma ulamula — ubumnandi bemvelo, isiphetho se-camphor kanye nephunga lezithelo laleli tiye zizakhele ngokwanele futhi azidingi “ukwesekwa”.

10. Ukulondoloza:

• Isitsha: Esiyivala ngokuqinile, esingangeni ukukhanya — amathini kathayela, amaphakethe e-foil.
• Izimo: Indawo epholile eyomile, 15–25°C, kude namaphunga anamandla kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
• Isikhathi sokuphila: Uma kugcinwe kahle, kugcina izici zayo kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2. Ngenxa yephrofayili ethambile ne-caffeine ephansi, leli tiye alidingi ukuvuthwa isikhathi eside — limnandi liselisha.

11. Inani Nama-Mbumbulu:

• Isigaba senani: I-Shān Chá ingelinye lamathiyu abomvu abiza kakhulu eTaiwan, hhayi ngaphandle kwesizathu: imvelaphi yasendle, ukuvunwa ngesandla kusuka emigudwini engenasihluku, ivolumu yokukhiqiza encane kakhulu. Inani lingaphakama ngokuphindwe ka-5–10 kunelentiye elibomvu laseTaiwan elijwayelekile (isibonelo, i-Taicha No. 18 “Hóng Yù”).
• Ungazigwema kanjani izimbumbulu:
  1. Thenga kubathengisi abahloliwe, abasebenza ngamathiyu aseTaiwan, ngokulandeleka okubhalwe phansi okuya endaweni ethile / umlimi.
  2. Hlola iqabunga: likhulu, “linendle” ngokubukeka, ngaphandle kokuhleleka okulinganayo kwepulazi. Ihlumela elisethangeni — libushelelezi, alinabo uboya (umehluko oyinhloko we-C. formosensis ohlotsheni lwe-Assam).
  3. Hlola iphrofayili yokunambitheka: isiphetho esijwayelekile sementhol-camphor, ukuthamba ngaphandle kokuqatha, ubumnandi bemvelo ngaphandle “kwezambane elimnandi” (lokhu kuwuphawu lohlobo lwe-Assam, hhayi we-C. formosensis).
  4. Qhathanisa ne-Taicha No. 18 (Hóng Yù): I-Shān Chá yangempela — ithambile futhi icolekile kakhudlwana, ngaphandle “kwesinamoni” esiqhamile senhlanganisela, kodwa inesimilo esifana “nesehlathi”, sasendle.
  5. Lungela inani eliphakeme: uma “i-Shān Chá yangempela yasendle” ibiza njengetiye elibomvu lepulazi — lokhu cishe kuwukufaka esikhundleni ngohlobo olwandile.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• I-Camellia formosensis — ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zekameliya eziqinisekiswe njengezinhlobo ezizimele ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwamangqamuzana ejene (2009). Ibanga lezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwe-C. formosensis ne-C. sinensis liqhathaniseka nomehluko phakathi kwekati lasekhaya nekati lasingwe — akulona “ukwehluka”, kodwa wuhlobo olwehluke ngempela.
• I-cultivar edumile yaseTaiwan i-Taicha No. 18 “Hóng Yù” (臺茶18號, 紅玉, Hóng Yù, “I-Ruby”) yadalwa ngokuxuba i-C. formosensis (umzali oyindoda) ne-Burmese assamica (umzali oyinsikazi). Kuyi-C. formosensis i-Hóng Yù ezuzwa njengefa amanothi ayo abalulekile e-menthol nesinamoni. Ngo-2019 kwenziwa i-Taicha No. 24 “Shānyùn” (臺茶24號, 山蘊, Shānyùn, “Iphunga Lezintaba”) — kusuka ohlotsheni lwase-Yongkang lwe-C. formosensis, enephunga eliyingqayizivele lamakhowe, amabele nendongwa.
• Ngo-1930, imbewu engama-3000 ye-C. formosensis, eyaqoqwa e-Lianhuachi (蓮華池, Liánhuāchí), yathunyelwa e-Japan ukuyohlolelwa ukukhethwa kwezitshalo. Inzalo yale mbewu — umugqa we-“F4” — isakhula eMie Prefecture (三重県). Ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA kukhombise ukuthi izibonelo ezisele zaseJapan ziyizingxube ze-C. formosensis (umugqa onguyise) kanye ne-C. sinensis enamaqabunga amancane (umugqa ongunina).
• Umphumela “wokulunywa yimpukane”, onikeza amaqoqo athile e-Shān Chá iphunga lemuscats nezinyosi, — iwona mgudu ofanayo wamakhemikhali oyisisekelo se-oolong edumile i-Dōngfāng Měirén. Kodwa ukubonakala kwawo akuhlali kunjalo futhi kuncike endaweni ethile, isikhathi sonyaka kanye nesimo sezulu, okwenza iqoqo ngalinye le-Shān Chá libe yinto engaphindeki.
• Inani leziza ezaziwayo lapho i-C. formosensis ikhula ngevolumu eyanele yokuhweba lilinganiselwa ku-12 kuphela — zonke lezi zindawo zisendaweni ephakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-800 futhi zivikelwe umthetho waseTaiwan.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Abomvu AseTaiwan:

• I-Taicha No. 18 “Hóng Yù” (臺茶18號, 紅玉, Hóng Yù): Inhlanganisela ye-C. formosensis × Burmese assamica. Itholakala kalula futhi ikhiqiza kakhulu. Kunomzwelo wementhol, isinamoni kanye neminti. “Inesinongo” futhi ihlelekile kakhulu kune-Shān Chá. I-Shān Chá — ithambile, “inamahlathi” kakhudlwana, ngaphandle kwesinongo esiqhamile, kodwa inobumnandi obujulile bemvelo.
• I-Taicha No. 8 Assam (臺茶8號, Assam): I-assamica emsulwa, eyakhelwe indawo yeLake i-Sun Moon. Imnyama, igcwele, enephrofayili “ye-malt” eqhamile. “Isindwa” kakhulu kune-Shān Chá ngomzimba nangama-tannin. I-Shān Chá — inketho enhle ngokuphelele: ukukhanya, ubumnene, ukungabibikho kokubaba.
• I-Taicha No. 24 “Shānyùn” (臺茶24號, 山蘊): I-cultivar esuka ohlotsheni lwase-Yongkang lwe-C. formosensis. I-standardized futhi ikhiqiza kakhudlwana kune-Shān Chá yasendle. Iphunga eliyingqayizivele lamakhowe (i-truffle). I-caffeine ephansi. Uma i-Shān Chá “iyisilo sasendle”, khona-ke i-Shānyùn “ingumzala wayo ofuyiwe”.
• I-Méishān / Ālǐshān itiye elibomvu (梅山/阿里山紅茶): Amatiye abomvu avela ezintweni ezinamaqabunga amancane (ngokuvamile i-C. sinensis var. sinensis — ama-cultivar e-oolong asekelwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe betiye elibomvu). Alula, anezimbali, “asenyakatho” ngesimilo. I-Shān Chá — “ise ningizimu” futhi “inendle” kakhudlwana, inesisekelo sezitshalo esihluke ngokuphelele.

14. Izinkambiso Ezingenzeka:

• Ukungezwani komzimba nezingxenye zetiye.
• Umthamo we-caffeine — uncishisiwe (< 2% emaqabungeni avuthiwe), kodwa usalokhu ukhona: abantu abazwela kakhulu ku-caffeine batuswa ukuba bakhawule ivolumu.
• Akunconywa ukuphuza itiye eligxishwe kakhulu esiswini esingenalutho — naphezu kokuthamba, izinto ze-tannin zingadala ukungaphatheki kahle okuncane.
• Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa ibele — sebenzisa ngokucophelela.

Ekuphetheni:

Itiye lasendle laseTaiwan i-Shān Chá — akulona nje isiphuzo, kodwa ukuhlangana nomlando ophilayo wezitshalo. I-Camellia formosensis — insalela yasendulo, eyasinda ezinkathini zeqhwa emahlathini asezintabeni zalesi siqhingi, — ikhiqiza itiye elibomvu elingekho kwenye indawo emhlabeni: lithambile kuze kube sengathi alikho, linoshukela ngaphandle kwemizamo, linomzwelo wangemuva we-camphor okhumbuza umoya wezintaba. Ukungatholakali kalula kweqanda, imvelaphi yasendle kanye nokuhluka kwalo kwezakhi zofuzo kwenza inkomishi ngayinye ibe yinto enolwazi oluqaphelekayo — ukuthinta imvelo yaseTaiwan esesimweni sayo sokuqala, esingakathintwa muntu. Itiye kulabo abafuni ukuqina namandla, kodwa ukuthula, ukujula kanye nokungelona mbumbuluwe.