I-Taiwan Yan Xiao Zhong Hong Cha

I-Taiwan Yan Xiao Zhong yiwuhlobo lwaseTaiwan lwetiye elimnyama elibhemayo elaziwa kakhulu, nelaziwa ngokuthi yi-Lapsang Souchong, emthengweni wamazwe ngamazwe laziswa ngegama elithi Tarry Lapsang Souchong. Lihluke kokwangempela kwase-Fujian ngokubhemwa okushisayo okunamandla okufakwa inhlaka kaphayini, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingamahlamvu amakhulu e-assamica, kanye nokunambitheka okuqinile okunjengenhlaka nentuthu, okuyikho okulenze laziwa ngegama elithi “tarry” — okusho inhlaka, itiyela.

1. Indlela Yokuhlukaniswa Nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (紅茶, Hóngchá) — eli-oxidized ngokuphelele, libhemwe ngokushisa (煙燻, Yānxūn) phezu kwezinkuni zikaphayini kufakwa inhlaka yikaphayini. Lingaphansi kwesigaba samatiye abhemayo (煙茶, Yānchá).
• Isigaba: Itiye laseTaiwan elibhemayo elibomvu lezinga eliphakeme. Liyindlela yokujwayela yesifunda yobucubungulu base-Fujian be-Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong (正山小種, Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng).
• Imvelaphi: Isifunda sase-Ming Jian (名間鄉, Míngjiān Xiāng), esifundeni sase-Nantou (南投縣, Nántóu Xiàn), enkabeni yeTaiwan. Indlela yesimanje ethiwa yi-“tarry” (ebhemwe ngenhlaka) yathuthukiswa ngawo-1980.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 23°54’ N, 120°41’ E.
• Amanye amagama: Tarry Lapsang Souchong (isiNgisi), Formosa Lapsang (isiNgisi), i-Taiwan Lapsang Souchong (isiRashiya), Lapsang Souchong Crocodile (igama lokuhweba kwezinye izimakethe).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando. Umsuka wawo wonke amatiye abhemayo — i-Fujian Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong (正山小種) — wasungulwa ezintabeni zase-Wuyishan ngekhulu le-17, waba ngomunye wamatiye okuqala aseShayina afika eYurophu ngenxa yabahwebi baseDashi. Ngokobufakazi bomlando, leli tiye lazuza abalandeli abaningi phakathi kwezicukuthwane zaseYurophu; kuyaziwa ukuthi phakathi kwabathandi balo kwakukhona u-Winston Churchill.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamatiye abhemayo eTaiwan kwaqala ngesikhathi sokuphatha kweJapan (1895–1945), lapho lesi siqhingi sasithuthukisa imboni yetiye ukuze kuthunyelwe emazweni angaphandle. Kodwa-ke, indlela ekhethekile ye-“tarry” enokubhemwa okunamandla nokufakwa kwenhlaka yikaphayini yathuthukiswa kamuva kakhulu — ngawo-1980, njengempendulo ezidingweni zemakethe yaseYurophu, eyayithanda amaphrofayili entuthu anothile. Ukukhiqizwa kwagxila esifundeni sase-Ming Jian esifundeni sase-Nantou — indawo enomlando omude wokuphathelene netiye nokufinyelela ezinhlotsheni ezingavamile zikaphayini waseTaiwan.

Igama. “Yān” (煙) — “intuthu, ukubhemwa.” “Xiǎozhǒng” (小種) — “uhlobo oluncane,” igama elisetshenziswa ngokomlando, elisuselwa olimini lwesigodi sase-Fuzhou, lapho u-“La San” (拉桑) wayesho izinkuni zikaphayini, kuthi u-“Xiao Zhong” abhekisele ohlotsheni oluthile lweqabunga. Emthengweni wamazwe ngamazwe igama elithi “tarry” (elisho inhlaka, itiyela) likhomba ngokuqondile inguqulo yaseTaiwan enokubhemwa okucacile, ngokungafani neyokuqala yase-Fujian enobumnene kakhulu.

Ukubaluleka kwamasiko. I-Taiwan Yan Xiao Zhong inendawo yayo ekhethekile esikweni lendawo yetiye. Emasikweni abantu base-Hakka (客家, Kèjiā), abahlala kakhulu eTaiwan, itiye elibhemayo lisetshenziswa emikhubeni yokukhumbula amadlozi futhi liphakelwa emigubhweni yomndeni njengophawu lokuxhumana kwezizukulwane. Esifundeni sase-Ming Jian, ubuciko bokubhema itiye ngezinkuni zikaphayini buthathwa njengobungcweti obuyivelakancane, obudluliswa emindenini yabakhiqizi. Inani labalimi abanolwazi oluphelele lokukhiqiza inguqulo ye-“tarry” — kusukela ekukhetheni izinkuni kuya ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa lokubhema nokwengeza inhlaka — lincane kakhulu, okuyikho okwenza leli tiye libe ngumkhiqizo wobungcweti wangempela. Emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, i-Tarry Lapsang yaseTaiwan ihlezi idonsa isasasa njengommeleli ogqamile, ongayekethisi wamatiye anentuthu.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Umhlwibi: Kusetshenziswa izinhlanganisela ezisuselwa kuhlobo lwe-assamica (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), ikakhulukazi izinketho zaseTaiwan zeSikhungo Sokucwaninga Ngokuthuthukiswa Kwetiyi. Izinhlobo ze-assamica zikhiqiza iqabunga elikhulu, eliminyene, elilungele ukubhemwa okunamandla.
• Incazelo yesitshalo: Izihlahla ezinde (ezifinyelela ku-2 m) ezinamahlamvu amakhulu, aminyene, amise okweqanda elibheke emva, ubude bawo bungu-10–15 cm, anombala oluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo. Amahlumela amancane angase abe noboya obuncane eduze komsinga omaphakathi.
• Ukuvunwa: Kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ehlobo, lapho okuqukethwe yi-polyphenol emahlamvu kukukhulu, okuqinisekisa ukunambitheka okwanele ukuze kumelane nokubhemwa okunamandla. Ukuvuna ngomshini kuyavunyelwa.
• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Ngenguqulo ye-“tarry,” kukhethwa amahlamvu avuthiwe, amakhulu — ipheya lesithathu nelesine ukusuka esiqongweni sehlumela (okuthiwa “isushong endala”). Amahlamvu amaholo futhi awugqinsi athwala kangcono ukubhemwa isikhathi eside futhi amunca kakhudlwana izinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi zentuthu.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokulinywa:

• Isifunda: Isifunda sase-Ming Jian (名間鄉), esifundeni sase-Nantou, enkabeni yeTaiwan. I-Ming Jian isezintabeni ezisentshonalanga ye-Central Mountain Range.
• Ukuphakama okulinywa kukho: Amasimu asezindaweni eziphakeme ngokusesilinganisweni — amamitha angu-200–500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ekhukhulekayo egudla uMfula i-Zhuoshui (濁水溪, Zhuóshuǐ Xī), enothiswe ngamaminerali, okubandakanya izingcezu zekhwatsi eziguguleka ezintabeni zase-Yushan (玉山). I-acidity yenhlabathi i-pH 4.8–5.2.
• Isimo sezulu: Sifudumele, sinomswakama. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-22–25 °C. Imvula yonyaka ingu-1500–2000 mm. Ukwehluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku, ngenxa yokuphola okuvela ezintabeni ebusuku, kunomthelela ekuqongeleleni kwezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi emahlamvini etiye.
• Imiphayi engavamile: Ukubhemwa kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili zamaphayini angavamile aseTaiwan: Pinus morrisonicola (iphayini laseTaiwan elimhlophe, 台灣五葉松) kanye ne-Pinus taiwanensis (iphayini laseTaiwan elibomvu, 台灣二葉松). Izinkuni zawo kanye nenhlaka kunephrofayili ekhethekile enuka kamnandi, ehlukile kuleyo yephayini lase-Fujian i-Masson (Pinus massoniana), okuyikho okwenza kube khona isimo esikhethekile se-Lapsang yaseTaiwan.

5. Ubucukubucuku Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Taiwan Yan Xiao Zhong kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi enezigaba eziningi, umehluko wayo oyinhloko kunowangempela wase-Fujian uwukubhemwa okushisayo (熱燻, Rèxūn) kanye nokwengezwa kwenhlaka yikaphayini:

• Ukwetha (萎凋, Wěidiāo): Amahlamvu avuniwe andalaliwa ukuze alahlekelwe umswakama wokuqala. Isici esivelele: ukwetha kwenziwa phezu kwentuthu ebandayo yephayini laseTaiwan elimhlophe elisanda kugawulwa (Pinus morrisonicola) ezingeni lokushisa elicishe libe ngu-60 °C, okuyiqala ukwakha iphrofayili yentuthu kuso lesi sigaba.
• Ukusonga (揉捻, Róuniǎn): Amahlamvu awethiwe ayasongwa ngesandla noma ngemirola ukuze kuqhunyiswe izindonga zamangqamuzana kuphume ujusi wamangqamuzana.
• I-Oxidation (發酵, Fājiào): I-oxidation ephelele yeqabunga letiye ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Kulesi sigaba kwakhiwa ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin, okuyisona sisekelo sokunambitheka nombala wetiye elimnyama.
• Ukumisa (殺青, Shāqīng): Ukugazinga ngokushesha epanini (indlela yendabuko) ukuze kumiswe izinqubo ze-oxidation.
• Ukumisa umumo: Amahlamvu anganikezwa izimo ezahlukahlukene, okubandakanya amagranuli amancane.
• Ukubhemwa okushisayo (熱燻, Rèxūn): Isigaba esikhulu nesinqumayo. Itiye libhemwa ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu (cishe 110 °C) phezu kwezinkuni zikaphayini ezimotshayo. Ubude balesi sigaba ngenguqulo ye-“tarry” cishe amahora angu-9 — ubude obukhulu kakhulu kunobenguqulo yase-Fujian (amahora ~6).
• Ukwengeza inhlaka (加樹脂, Jiā Shùzhī): Esigabeni sokubhemwa okushisayo kwezelwa inhlaka yikaphayini (i-rosin), okuthi lapho isha ikhiphe izinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi eziqinile, eziletha etiyeni iphrofayili ekhethekile ye-“tarry” — enjengenhlaka netiyela. Lona ngumehluko omkhulu kwezobucubungulu ku-Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong wendabuko wase-Fujian, lapho inhlaka ingezelwa khona.
• Ukwomisa kokugcina (乾燥, Gānzào): Umswakama wehliselwa kancane — ngaphansi kuka-3 %, okuqinisekisa ukuqina ngesikhathi eside sokugcina.
• Ukuvuthwa (陳化, Chénhuà): Itiye eliqediwe ligcinwa okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ukuze kuzinziswe futhi kuhambisane iphunga. Ngalesi sikhathi amanothi anamandla kakhulu entuthu athambile, futhi iphrofayili iba yindilinga ngokwengeziwe.

6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa Ngezitho:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amahlamvu amakhulu, asongekile anombala onsundu ngokumnyama noma omnyama, ngezinye izikhathi esesimeni samagranuli. Angase abe nokucwebezela okunamafutha okubangelwa ukumila kwemikhiqizo yokusha kwenhlaka.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Inamandla, iphunga elikhulu lentuthu, inhlaka yikaphayini, itiyela kanye nokubhemwayo. Kuhlotshaniswa nomlilo wezinkuni zephayini, ikhambi elibhemayo, indawo yomlilo.
• Iphunga lomgxobo: Linamandla, linezingqimba eziningi: esisekelweni kukhona inothi lentuthu nenhlaka enezimpawu ze-guaiacol (okunentuthu nokhuni) ne-creosote. Lapho livuleka, kungase kuvele amathoni angenakulindelwa amtoti we-longan eyomisiwe, i-vanilla, ne-caramel emnyama.
• Ukunambitheka: Kujiyile, kwenethezekile, kunamafutha. Kunothi olukhulu lwentuthu, lusekelwa ubumnandi obuncane bemvelo kanye nokunambitheka okusele emlonyeni okujulile, okufudumele. Ubukrakra bulingene. Umzimba womgxobo ugcwele, uminyene, unokuthungwa okusankwindi. Abahloli banambitha amanothi kashukela onsundu, i-caramel, umsedari, isinamoni, nebhali elisazingiwe.
• Umbala womgxobo: Ubomvu okumnyama ogcwele, i-ruby noma i-cognac, nokufudumala okujulile.
• Iphansi letiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Amahlamvu amakhulu, aminyene anombala onsundu ngokumnyama. Awavuleki ngokuphelele ngenxa yokucutshungulwa okunamandla.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Iphrofayili yamakhemikhali inqunywa yizingxenye ezijwayelekile zetiye eli-oxidized ngokuphelele, kanye nemikhiqizo ekhethekile yokubhemwa:

• Ama-Polyphenol: Ukuqukethwe okuphelele okuphezulu. Imikhiqizo ye-oxidation ye-catechin — ama-theaflavin — akhona ngokugxilisa okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Lapsang yendabuko yase-Fujian, okuqinisekisa ukugqama nokunyakaza komgxobo.
• Izinhlanganisela zokubhemwa eziguquguqukayo: Izimpawu ezibalulekile: i-guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) — inothi elikhulu lentuthu nekhuni; i-creosol — ithoni ejulile yenhlaka; i-longifolene — i-sesquiterpene evela ezinkunini zikaphayini, ekhethekile enguqulweni yaseTaiwan. Ngokungafani nezifaniso zase-Fujian, kungenzeka ukuthi i-methylchavicol (estragole) ayikho.
• I-Caffeine: Ukuqukethwe okujwayelekile kumatiye abomvu ezinhlobo ze-assamica — cishe u-3.5–4.5%, okunikeza umphumela ogqamile wokuvuselela.
• Ama-Thearubigin: Akha umzimba nombala ojulile womgxobo. Ukugxilisa kwawo okuphezulu kubangelwa yi-oxidation ephelele yeqabunga elikhulu le-assamica.
• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-iron. Iphrofayili yamaminerali inothisiwe ngenxa yenhlabathi ekhukhulekayo yesifunda sase-Ming Jian.
• Amavithamini: B₁, B₂, PP — ngamazinga angenawo amandla.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Umsebenzi we-Antioxidant: Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol nama-theaflavin kunikeza ukuvikela kwamangqamuzana ekulimaleni okubangelwa ama-radical mahhala.
• Umphumela wokuvuselela: Ukuqukethwe okucacile kwe-caffeine kuvuselela isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi, kukhulisa ukugxilisa nokuphapha. Leli tiye ngokwesiko lithathwa ngesiphuzo esihle sasekuseni.
• Umthelela wokufudumeza: Ngenxa ye-oxidation ephelele, umzimba ominyene kanye nesimo sentuthu, leli tiye ngokwesiko liyanconywa ngesikhathi sonyaka esibandayo. Emithini yesintu yaseTaiwan, amatiye abhemayo athathwa njengokuthi “ayafudumeza” (溫性, Wēnxìng).
• Umthelela wokulwa nokuvuvukala: Olunye ucwaningo lukhomba izakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala zama-polyphenol etiye elibomvu, okwazi ukwenza ama-enzyme athile abangela ukuvuvukala.
• Ukuxhasa ukugayeka kokudla: Itiye elibomvu ngokwesiko lisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukugayeka kokudla, ikakhulukazi emva kokudla okunamafutha amaningi. Ukuthungwa okuminyene, okunamafutha kwetiye elibhemayo kuhambisana kahle nezidlo zenyama.
• Ukuxhasa isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-theaflavin asiza ekwehliseni izinga le-cholesterol nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.

Qaphela: Ucwaningo olukhethekile lwezinzuzo ze-Taiwan Yan Xiao Zhong lunqunyelwe; iningi lemininingwane lisekelwe ocwaningweni lwetiye elibomvu jikelele.

Izinkulumiso eziphikisayo nezinyathelo zokuphepha. Abantu abane-asthma yesifuba noma ukusabela okukhulu kwemigudu yokuphefumula kufanele baqaphele: izingxenye zentuthu eziguquguqukayo (i-guaiacol) lapho ziphefumula umhwamuko womgxobo oshisayo zingase zibangele i-bronchospasm. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-caffeine, akunconywa ukusetshenziswa ngamanani amakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa, kanye nasezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12. Kungenzeka kube nokusebenzisana nama-anticoagulant ohlobo lwe-coumarin (i-warfarin).

9. Ukupheka Itiye:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C. Amanzi abilayo ashubile ayadingeka ukuze kuvele ngokuphelele ukunambitheka okuminyene kwentuthu nephunga letiye elibhemayo.
• Inani letiye: Ama-5–7 g emanzini angu-150–200 ml (indlela yokuchitha) noma ama-3–4 g kul-250–300 ml (indlela yaseYurophu).
• Isitsha: Iketela lobumba le-Yixing (宜興紫砂壺) — liyinketho enhle kakhulu, njengoba ubumba olunamaqhuqhuva lumunca futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lubuyise amakha okubhemwa, kukhulise ukujula kokunambitheka. Kufanelekile futhi i-gaiwan yobethi noma iketela. Kunconywa ukubekela iketela le-Yixing elihlukile amatiye abhemayo, ukuze kungangcoliswa amanye amakha ngephunga lentuthu.
• Inqubo yokupheka (indlela yokuchitha):
  1. Fudumeza isitsha ngamanzi abilayo, uthele amanzi.
  2. Thela itiye elomile. Ungakwazi ukwenza ukuwasha ngokushesha (thela amanzi bese uwathelela ngokushesha) ukuze uvuse iqabunga.
  3. Ukuthela kokuqala: thela amanzi abilayo, uvumele kungene imizuzwana engu-45–60.
  4. Ukuthela kwesibili nokulandelayo: wandise isikhathi kancane kancane — imizuzu engu-60, 75, 90.
  5. Itiye limelana nokuthelwa okungu-3–5, lilondoloze iphunga lentuthu elikhethekile.
• Indlela yaseYurophu: Ama-3–4 g ku-250–300 ml wamanzi abilayo, ukuwavumela kungene imizuzu engu-3–5. Le ndlela inconywa iningi labahloli njengefanele kakhulu lolu hlobo lwetiye — amahlamvu amakhulu aphukile akhipha ukunambitheka ngokushesha futhi awadingi ukuthelwa okuningi.
• Okwengeziwe: Itiye lihambisana kahle nobisi — isimo salo esinamandla sentuthu asihluphi ngisho nangokwenziwa ngobisi. Lisetshenziswa futhi ekuphekeni: njengesisekelo samakhabhu, amasoso, nokufakelwa.

10. Ukugcina:

Itiye elibhemayo linephunga lawo elinamandla, okudala kokubili izinzuzo nemingcele yokugcina:

• Isitsha: Isitsha esivalekile, esingabonisi — kuyisimo esiyisibopho. Ithini lensimbi elivala ngokuqinile, imbiza yobumba yetiye, noma ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum. Kubalulekile ukuvimbela kokubili ukuphuma kwephunga lentuthu emoyeni kanye nokudluliselwa kwalo emikhiqizweni engomakhelwane.
• Izinga lokushisa nomswakama: Indawo eyomile, epholile, izinga lokushisa lingabi ngaphezu kuka-15 °C, nomswakama ohlobene ungaphansi kuka-35%. Gwema izinguquko ezisheshayo zezinga lokushisa.
• Ukukhanya: Vikela ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuqondile.
• Umoya-mpilo: Ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimunca umoya-mpilo kuhle kakhulu.
• Isikhathi: Uma kugcinwe kahle, itiye lilondoloza izimfanelo isikhathi eside — kusukela eminyakeni engu-3 kuya kwengu-5 nangaphezulu. Izampula ezivuthiwe (iminyaka engu-10+) zingase zithole ukwenyuka okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuthamba, futhi ziyaziswa ngabaqoqi.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

• Ibanga lentengo: I-Yan Xiao Zhong yaseTaiwan eyiqiniso — itiye lezinga eliphakeme ngenxa yomsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi wezandla wokubhemwa, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezikhethekile ezingavuthiwe, imithombo elinganiselwe yephayini elingavamile laseTaiwan kanye nenani elincane lokukhiqiza. Intengo yokucatshangelwa yokudayisa ingama-28–45 USD nge-100 g yomkhiqizo osezingeni.
• Imifanekiso yokukhwabanisa: Amatiye akhiqizwa kwezinye izifunda (kubandakanya i-Fujian yasezwenikazi) okwenziwe ngendlela efana neyaseTaiwan, noma amatiye abomvu acutshungulwe “ngentuthu ewuketshezi” (isinongo sokwenziwa) esikhundleni sokubhemwa kwemvelo, abiza kancane kakhulu — ama-12–18 USD nge-100 g.
• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
  • Thenga kubahlinzeki abakhethekile betiye laseTaiwan abanomlando oqinisekisiwe.
  • Bheka intengo: intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo iyinkomba yokuqala yokukhwabanisa.
  • Hlola iphunga: itiye langempela linephunga eliyinkimbinkimbi, elijulile, elinezingqimba eziningi lentuthu nenhlaka. Imifanekiso yokukhwabanisa inuka kamnandi ngendlela ebabazekayo, engenabunye, enamanothi amakhemikhali noma “aphathiwe.”
  • Imikhombandlela yamakhemikhali: i-Yan Xiao Zhong yaseTaiwan eyiqiniso iqukethe i-sesquiterpene ekhethekile i-longifolene kanye nephrofayili ethile ye-guaiacol, ehlukile kwezifaniso zase-Fujian. Izindlela zaselabhorethri (i-FTIR spectroscopy) zivumela ukubona ngokuqondile umsuka.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Itiye lezinhloli nabahambi basolwandle. Iphunga elinamandla le-Lapsang Souchong ngokomlando lalisetshenziselwa ukufihla amanye amakha. Abahwebi baseRussia, ngokwalolunye uhlobo, babethutha ama-furs abalulekile emabhokisini analeli tiye, kanti iphunga lalo lentuthu lalixosha amamoti futhi lifihle iphunga loboya.
• Isampula eziqoqiwe. Imikhiqizo evuthiwe ye-Taiwan Yan Xiao Zhong yawo-1970 yadayiswa ezindalini ezikhethekile yetiye ngezizumbulu ezinkulu — iphrofayili yabo yentuthu eminyakeni eyishumi yashintsha yaba isakhiwo esihle, esiyinkimbinkimbi esinamanothi e-whisky egugile nokhuni oludala.
• Ukuncika endaweni ezungezile. Ukukhiqizwa kwaleli tiye kuncike kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwezinhlobo ezingavamile zephayini laseTaiwan — Pinus taiwanensis ne-Pinus morrisonicola. Ukuqina kwalokhu kukhiqiza esikhathini esizayo kuhlotshaniswa nokulondolozwa kwamahlathi emvelo amaphayini aseTaiwan, okuyikho okwenza leli tiye libe nenani elingeziwe njengomkhiqizo oxhumene ngokungenakwehlukaniswa nesimiso sendawo.
• Indaba yetiye yaseBoston. Ngesikhathi soMsebenzi odumile we-“Boston Tea Party” ka-1773, phakathi kwempahla eyachithwa ye-East India Company kwakunamabhokisi angu-35 etiye le-Souchong — umanduleli we-Lapsang yanamuhla. Ngaleyo ndlela, itiye elibhemayo ladlala indima yalo encane emzabalazweni wokuzimela waseMelika.
• Ukubhemwa okwenziwa ngemuva kokuvutshelwa. Ngokungafani nemikhiqizo eminingi enentuthu (izinhlanzi ezibhemayo, inyama), lapho ukubhemwa kwenziwa emkhiqizweni oluhlaza noma olingene, i-Taiwan Yan Xiao Zhong ibhemwa ngemva kokuvutshelwa okuphelele — lokhu okuthiwa “ukubhemwa kwangemva kwe-oxidation” (post-oxidation smoking). Le ndlela ivumela ukuthi kuqala kuthuthukiswe ngokuphelele ukunambitheka okuyisisekelo kwetiye elibomvu, bese kunothiswa ngamanothi entuthu, ngaphandle kokucindezela isimo salo seqabunga uqobo.

13. Ukuhlukanisa namanye amatiye abhemayo namnyama:

• U-Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong (正山小種, Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng): I-Lapsang Souchong yase-Fujian yokuqala evela esifundeni sase-Tongmu (桐木關) ezintabeni zase-Wuyishan. Kusetshenziswa izinto ezingavuthiwe zezinhlobo zendawo (var. sinensis, okuthiwa “i-bohea”). Ukubhemwa kunobumnene obuthile — phezu kwezinkuni zikaphayini ezimotshayo ngaphandle kokwengeza inhlaka. Izinga le-oxidation liphezulu (~92%), isikhathi sokubhemwa sifushane (~amahora angu-6). Iphrofayili inobuhle bobuciko: i-longan, izithelo ezomisiwe, intuthu encane. I-Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong yendabuko — ubuhle bobuciko; i-Taiwan Tarry — amandla.
• I-Formosa Lapsang (i-Lapsang yaseTaiwan, ngaphandle kwesiqalo esithi “tarry”): Igama elivamile lamatiye aseTaiwan abhemayo anokubhemwa okunamandla okuncane, ngaphandle kokwengeza inhlaka. Izinga le-oxidation lingase libe ngaphansi (~78%), isikhathi sokubhemwa sifushane (~amahora ama-4). Iphrofayili ithambile, inamanothi avelele ezimbali nezithelo.
• U-Qimen Hong Cha (祁門紅茶, Qímén Hóngchá): Itiye elibomvu elidumile elivela e-Anhui. Alibhemwa. Iphrofayili — imnene, enjenge-orchid, inamanothi ezithelo ezomisiwe nentuthu encane. Ukuhlupha kugcizelela ukuthi inqubo yokubhemwa iyisusa kanjani isimo esiyisisekelo setiye elibomvu.
• U-Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong ongabhemwanga (新式正山小種): Inguqulo yesimanje engabhemwanga evela emzaneni wase-Tongmuguan, owaziwa ngokuthi “i-Jin Jun Mei” (金駿眉, Jīn Jùn Méi) nezinhlobo ezihlobene. Impikiswano ephelele yohlelo lwe-“tarry” — ethambile, enezimbali noju, engenawo amanothi entuthu. Ibonisa izigxobo ezimbili zesiko elilodwa.

Ekuphetheni

I-Taiwan Yan Xiao Zhong — itiye lalabo abafuna ukuqina okuphezulu, ukujula, nesimo. Akusona isiphuzo esithambile sokuhamba kwesikhathi emva kwemini, kepha itiye elinamandla, elinokuthongo, eliziveza ngokuphefumula kokuqala. Inhlanganisela yezinto eziphambili ze-assamica, i-terroir ekhethekile yase-Ming Jian nenhlabathi yayo ekhukhulekayo, nobucubungulu obukhethekile bokubhemwa okushisayo ngenhlaka yephayini laseTaiwan kukhipha isiphuzo esinesimo esingenakulibaleka sentuthu nenhlaka, ukunambitheka okufudumele, nomlando ocebile. Leli tiye lingumngane omuhle wamaholide abandayo, amapuleti amashizi asindayo, nezibiliboco zenyama ebhemayo, kanye futhi nokuthokoza okungalindelekile ekuphekeni nasekuhlanganiseni iziphuzo.