Tàihú Cuì Zhú

I-Tàihú Cuì Zhú iyitiye eluhlaza elihle elivela e-Wuxi, elazalwa ngasosebeni lwechibi i-Taihu ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1980. Uphawu lwayo oluhlukile yiqabunga letiye eliyisicaba, eligobeke kancane elifana neqabunga lika-bamboo: uma seliphekwe engilazini ecacile, liyavula, lize lime lihlezi emi njengamahlahla, liphendule inkomishi ibe umhlathi omncane wezihlahla zikabamboo. Leli tiye liwukuhlanganisa ubuhle be-Jiangnan: ukusha, ubumsulwa, ukucoleka.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nomlando Wesifunda:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eluhlaza (elingabangabiyo, 绿茶, lǜchá).

• Isigaba: Itiye elidumile lendawo (名茶, míngchá) ese-Jiangsu. Isikhombi sendawo esibhalisiwe «Dǒushān Tàihú Cuì Zhú» (斗山太湖翠竹) sathola isimo sophawu lokuhweba lwesitifiketi (地理标志证明商标) ngo-2011 (isicelo safakwa ngo-2006). Liwina imincintiswano kaningi: indawo yokuqala izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili zilandelana emncintiswaneni wesifundazwe we-«Lù Yǔ Bēi» (陆羽杯), indawo yokuqala emncintiswaneni kazwelonke we-«Zhōngguó Bēi» (中国杯), indondo yegolide kabili ku-Mncintiswano Wamazwe Omhlaba Wamatiye adumile, liphinde laqokwa «Umkhiqizo Omkhulu Kazwelonke» kabili emibukisweni yezolimo yaseShayina.

• Indawo yemvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Jiangsu (江苏, Jiāngsū), umasipala wase-Wuxi (无锡市, Wúxī shì). Indawo eyinhloko yokukhiqiza yisifunda sase-Dǒushān (斗山, Dǒushān) elokishini lase-Xīběi (锡北镇), kanye namapulazi ezindaweni zase-Bāshì (八士), Xuělàng (雪浪), Ǒutáng (藕塘), Zhāngjīng (张泾), Húdài (胡埭) nezinye. Amasimu etiye asemagqumeni asenyakatho-ntshonalanga yechibi i-Tàihú (太湖).

• Iziphambano zendawo: Cishe 31,49°N, 120,31°E (ngokwesilinganiso sedolobha i-Wuxi). Isifunda sase-Dǒushān siphakathi kuka-31,55°N, 120,37°E.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: I-Tàihú Cuì Zhú iyitiye elisencane uma kuqhathaniswa: yasungulwa ngo-1984–1989 ngochwepheshe bemboni yetiyo base-Wuxi. Ukuqala kwephrojekthi kwahlotshaniswa no-1984, lapho kwasuswa e-Fujian izinhlobo zezitshalo i-Fú’ān Dà Bái Chá (福安大白茶) ne-Fúdǐng Dà Háo Chá (福鼎大毫茶), kanye ne-Ānjí Bái Chá (安吉白茶) yase-Zhejiang, ukuze kuhlole ukutshalwa futhi kuthuthukiswe itiye elisha elidumile. Ekuqaleni umkhiqizo wawubizwa ngokuthi «Dǒushān Qīngfēng» (斗山青峰) kanye ne-«Liángxī Làngjiān» (梁溪浪尖, lapho igama elithi «Liángxī» liyigama lomlando lase-Wuxi); ngo-1989 kwavunyelwa igama elinobunkondlo lanamuhla elithi «Tàihú Cuì Zhú».

Amaqoqo okuqala ayenziwa ngezandla kuphela. Ngo-1994 kwaqala ukwethulwa kwemishini yetiye enemisebenzi eminingi, okwavumela ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa isimo seqabunga elijwayelekile. Ngo-2002 itiye laphinde lawina emncintiswaneni we-«Lù Yǔ Bēi» — okwesishiyagalombili kulandelana, lwaqinisa isikhundla salo njengomholi wemboni yetiye yase-Wuxi. Kusukela ngo-2003 kuba khona minyaka yonke i-«Festival Yetiye i-Tàihú Cuì Zhú Entabeni i-Dǒushān» (无锡斗山太湖翠竹茶叶节), okwandise kakhulu ukuqashelwa komkhiqizo. Ngo-2011 zonke izingadi zetiye zase-Dǒushān (cishe ama-3500 mu) zazisitholile isitifiketi sokuba yizindawo zezolimo eziphephile, kanti ezinye izindawo zathola isitifiketi «somkhiqizo oluhlaza» (绿色食品) kanye netiye eliphilayo (有机茶). Imikhiqizo iyathunyelwa e-Japan, entshonalanga ye-Europe, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nasesifundeni sase-Hong Kong-Macau.

• Izinsuku ezisemqoka:

  • 1984 — ukuqala kokufakwa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo zase-Fujian kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwetiye elisha.
  • 1989 — ukuvunywa kwegama elithi «Tàihú Cuì Zhú».
  • 1994 — ukushintshela ekukhiqizeni ngomshini.
  • 2002 — ukunqoba okuyisishiyagalombili okulandelanayo emncintiswaneni we-«Lù Yǔ Bēi» (indawo yokuqala, isifundazwe sase-Jiangsu).
  • 2003 — ukuqala komkhosi wonyaka wetiye entabeni i-Dǒushān.
  • 2011 — ukubhaliswa kwesikhombi sendawo ethile «Dǒushān Tàihú Cuì Zhú»; isitifiketi sezingadi zetiye eziphilayo.

• Igama: I-Tàihú (太湖, Tàihú) — «Ichibi Elikhulu», ichibi lesithathu ngobukhulu lamanzi ahlanzekile e-China, okusogwini lwalo okukhona amasimu etiye. I-Cuì (翠, cuì) — «luhlaza okotshani we-jade, oluhlaza okwesikhova». I-Zhú (竹, zhú) — «uqalo». Igama eligcwele — «Uqalo Lwe-Jade Lase-Tàihú» — lidlulisela ngokunembile kokubili indawo yemvelaphi kanye nokubukeka: amaqabunga etiye ayisicaba, agobeke kancane ombala oluhlaza okotshani afana namaqabunga osokhula kashani.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Isifunda sase-Dǒushān, lapho leli tiye lazalwa khona, sinezimpande ezijulile ezinganekwaneni nasezindabeni zemvelo. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, yilapho umbusi wasenganekwaneni u-Shùn (舜帝, Shùn Dì) alima khona umhlabathi, eshumayela isimiso esithi «天人协和，万物共荣» — «ukuvumelana kwezulu nomuntu, ukuchuma kwakho konke okuphilayo». Ngekhulu le-18, ngesikhathi sombusi u-Kāngxī (康熙), isifunda sathola isimo sendawo evikelwe yemvelo: kwavimbela ukuzingela, ukudoba nokugawulwa kwamahlathi (禁渔禁猎，禁止开山). Namuhla i-Dǒushān iyingxenye yendawo yemvelo yesifundazwe sase-Jiangsu, kanti i-«Tàihú Cuì Zhú» isiwuphawu lwemikhiqizo yezoLimo yasekhaya esezingeni eliphezulu yase-Wuxi, ekhuthaza njengengxenye yokuvakasha kwetiye ogwini lwe-Tàihú — kanye ne-Yuántóuzhǔ (鼋头渚), i-Língshān Dàfó (灵山大佛) nezinye izindawo ezihehayo.

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Uhlobo: Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze.

• Inhlobo / Uhlobo lwezitshalo: Izitshalo eziyinhloko, ezafakwa ngokukhethekile ukuze kukhiqizwe i-Tàihú Cuì Zhú: i-Fú’ān Dà Bái Chá (福安大白茶, Fú’ān Dà Bái Chá) — umugqa wamaqabunga amakhulu wase-Fujian, okhiqiza ibhulukwe eliyindilinga, elibumbeka kahle; i-Fúdǐng Dà Háo Chá (福鼎大毫茶, Fúdǐng Dà Háo Chá) — umugqa onebhulukwe elikhulu, elimbozwe uboya obuningi, onikeza uboya obucacile kanye namazinga aphezulu e-amino acid. Kuphinde kusetshenziswe izinhlobo ze-Ānjí Bái Chá (安吉白茶), i-Lóngjǐng (龙井) kanye nokuhlukahluka kwendawo ochungechungeni lwe-Míngshān (名山).

• Ukuvunwa: Esesentwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-«Qīngmíng» (清明, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli) nangezinsukwana ezimbalwa ngemva kwalokho. Amaqoqo aphambili (明前茶) avunwa ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng — ekupheleni kukaMashi.

• Indinganiso yokuvuna: Ibhulukwe elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa ekuqaleni kokuvuleka (一芽一叶初展, yì yá yì yè chūzhǎn). Ukukhiqiza ama-500 g etiye elomile kudinga amahlumela amancane angaphezu kuka-30,000.

• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Amahlumela abuthakathaka, aphelele, alinganayo ngosayizi, ngaphandle kokulimala kwemishini kanye nezimpawu zezinambuzane. Izinto ezintsha ezivuniwe zihanjiswa ngokushesha ukuze zicutshungulwe.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa:

• Ukubunjwa komhlaba nobume bendawo: Amasimu etiye atholakala emithambekeni emincane yamagquma aphansi (丘陵) ogwini olusenyakatho-ntshonalanga lwechibi i-Tàihú, endaweni yentaba i-Dǒushān — «inkaba yentaba, enwabulayo amakhilomitha amaningana» (斗山雄峙，绵亘数里). Indawo — izinhlangothi ezintathu zizungezwe yizintaba, zivulekele echibini, okudala ukujikeleza komoya oswakanyisiwe ngokwemvelo. Amasimu akude nezindawo zasemadolobheni nezimboni.

• Ubude obukhulayo: 30–191 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ukuphakama okukhulu kweNtaba i-Dǒushān kungu-191 m. Lezi yizindawo eziphansi ngokwezinga letiye, kodwa ukuba seduze kwamanzi amaningi echibi i-Tàihú (ubukhulu bayo ~2400 km²) kunxephezela ukuntula ukuphakama, kudala «umphumela wezintaba eziphakeme zechibi»: umswakama ophezulu futhi ozinzile, inkungu evamile kanye nokukhanya okuhlakazekile.

• Isimo sezulu: Isifunda esisenyakatho esingaphansi kwetropiki esinomswakama wemimoya yemonsoon (北亚热带季风湿润性气候). Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo ngu-15,4 °C. Imvula eningi, isikhathi eside esingenasithwathwa. Umswakama womoya uphakeme ngenxa yokuba seduze kwe-Tàihú. Inkungu evamile ekuseni nantambama inikeza ukukhanya okuhlakazekile, okuhle ekuqoqweni kwama-amino acid ne-chlorophyll eqabungeni letiye.

• Umhlabathi: A-acidic kancane futhi a-acidic (i-pH 4,5–6,0), anodaka, anezinto eziphilayo eziphezulu. Ukuvunda kugcinwa izimbali zehlathi zamakhulu eminyaka — isifunda sase-Dǒushān sigcine umbhede omkhulu wehlathi kusukela ngesikhathi somthetho wokuvikela wezikhathi zika-Kāngxī.

• Ezolimo: Kusukela ngo-2011, wonke amapulazi asesifundeni sase-Dǒushān asebenzisa uhlelo «lokufana okuhlanu» (五统一) ekuvimbeleni izinambuzane: ukuqapha okufanayo, izidakamizwa ezivumelekile ezifanayo (izinto eziphilayo kuphela, ezingenabungozi kubantu), izikhathi ezifanayo zokwelapha, ukuqeqeshwa okufanayo, imithethonqubo yobuchwepheshe efanayo. Inani lokwelashwa lancishiswa lisuka ku-13–14 laya ku-6–7 ngonyaka. Ezinye izingadi zinesitifiketi sezolimo eziphilayo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Tàihú Cuì Zhú buhlanganisa ukugazingwa kanye nokomiswa ngomoya oshisayo (烘炒结合), kufaka phakathi isigaba esikhethekile sokuqeda esithi «huīchǎo tíxiāng» (辉炒提香 — «ukugazinga okukhanyayo okuphakamisa iphunga»), okunikeza itiye ukubengezela okufana nekhesteni kanye nokuqina kwephunga.

• Ukendlaleka (摊放 — tānfàng): Amahlumela amasha avuniwe aendlalwa ngendlela emfushane endaweni enomoya ohelezayo amahora angu-3–5 ukuze kuhleleke umswakama nokuqaleka kwephunga.

• Ukubunaza Kancane (萎凋 — wěidiāo): Ukubunaza okulula okulawulekwayo ukunciphisa umswakama nokwandisa ukuguquguquka kweqabunga ngaphambi kokuqinisa. Kuleli tiye lesi sigaba sifishane — iqabunga akumele lilahlekelwe ukusha.

• Ukuqinisa / «ukubulala uhlaza» (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukugazinga epanini elinjenge-wok noma emgqeni womshini lapho kushisa kakhulu. Inhloso — ukwenza ama-enzyme angasebenzi, ukugxilisa uhlaza kanye nokwakha isisekelo sephunga. Izindlela: iqabunga lithambe, umbala — uluhlaza okotshani okumnyama, iphunga — lihlanzekile, lisha.

• Ukubumbeka / Ukunikeza Isimo (整形 — zhěngxíng): Isigaba esibalulekile esinquma ukubukeka «kobambu». Iqabunga liyacindezelwa futhi liyenziwa libe yisicaba, lithole isimo esiyisicaba, esigobeke kancane, esifana neqabunga lika-bamboo (扁似竹叶). Ukubumbeka kwenziwa ngezandla noma ngemishini enemisebenzi eminingi ngaphansi kwengcindezi elawulekayo nezinga lokushisa.

• Ukomisa Okulungiselelwe (烘干 — hōnggān): Umoya oshisayo unciphisa umswakama ube sezingeni eliphakathi, uqinisa isimo nombala.

• Ukugazinga Okucwebezelayo Nokuphakamisa Iphunga (辉炒提香 — huīchǎo tíxiāng): Ukugazinga okusheshayo kokugcina ezingeni lokushisa elimaphakathi. Iqabunga lithola ukubengezela okunamafutha (油润) kanye nethoni ye-kesteni ephawulekayo. Kulesi sigaba lapho i-Tàihú Cuì Zhú ihlukile kumatiye aluhlaza omiswe kuphela futhi isinikeza umbhalo «ofudumele».

• Ukuhlunga (精选 — jīngxuǎn): Ukususa izingcezu eziphukile kanye nokuhlela iqoqo.

6. Izimpawu Eziqondakala Ngomzimba:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga ayisicaba, afana namaqabunga kashani (扁似竹叶), agobeke kancane, abushelelezi, anokubengezela okunamafutha. Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani we-jade (翠绿油润). Amahlumela alinganayo ngosayizi, amabhulukwe athambile ayabonakala. Ehlobo olukhethekile — amaqabunga alinganayo, «njengange-rule», abushelelezi futhi acabene kancane (扁平挺秀、平整光滑、稍弯曲).

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Lihlanzekile, lisha, linamanothi ekhesteni (栗香) kanye namathoni amancane ezimbali. Iphunga liqinile, ngaphandle kobuthongo obuluhlaza obungavuthiwe.

• Iphunga lokungena: Liphezulu, lihlanzekile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (清香持久 / 清高持久). Amathoni ekhesteni anezela iphunga elisha lezitshalo kanye namanothi amahle ezimbali. Iphunga lithambile — lobu ubuhle «obuthule», obujwayelekile ematiyeni ase-Jiangnan, hhayi iphunga elinamandla, «elimemezayo».

• Ukunambitheka: Kusha, kuhlanzekile, kunamanzi amnandi ngokulingene (鲜醇爽口). Umzimba ulula futhi ucwebe — ngaphandle kwesisindo nobuhlanya. Ubumnandi abuphoqeleli, kunothi elithambile elibuyayo. Umuzwa ophelele — «清雅甘醇» (okuhlanzekile, okuhle, kugcwele ubumnandi obuncane) — okuwukuhlanganisa isitayela sase-«Jiangnan».

• Umbala wokungena: Ocacile, ophuzi ngobuhlaza noma ophuzi ngokotshani okuncane (清澈明亮), othambile onombala ohlaza okotshani noma ophuzi ngokotshani.

• Inhlabathi yetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Ithambile ngokuluhlaza, efanayo, iqinile futhi «iphilayo» (嫩绿匀整). Amahlumela avuleka ngokugcwele, ekhombisa ubuqiniso bequnule neqabunga. Umphumela okhethekile wokubuka lapho uphekwa engilazini ecacile: amahlumela amiswa aqondile, enyakaza kancane — «njengehlathi lika-bamboo elinomoya» (似群山竹林).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚): Okuqukethwe okujwayelekile kumatiye aluhlaza asezingeni eliphezulu ase-Jiangsu — 18–25 %. Ama-catechin ayinhloko — i-EGCG, i-EGC, i-ECG. Okuqukethwe okumaphakathi kwama-polyphenol (okuphansi kunamatiye aseningizimu) kunikeza ubumnene kanye nokungabibikho kwe-astringency eningi.

• Ama-Amino acid: Okuqukethwe okuphakeme ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ze-Fú’ān Dà Bái ne-Fúdǐng Dà Háo, kanye nezimo ezinhle zokutshala (ukukhanya okuhlakazekile, umswakama). I-L-theanine — iyona amino acid evelele, ebhekele ukunambitheka okusha (鲜) kanye nokuphumula okuthambile.

• Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine — okuqukethwe okumaphakathi (cishe 3–4 %), okunikeza amandla amnene.

• Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C (i-ascorbic acid), amavithamini eqembu B, i-Vitamin E.

• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-manganese, i-fluoride, i-zinc (ngamanani amaphakathi).

• Amafutha abalulekile: Ingxube yamakhompawundi azungezayo, kufaka phakathi okuphuma ku-furan nama-pyrazine (okwakheka ngesikhathi sokugazinga kokugcina), okubhekele ithoni yekhesteni ne-nut.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukuvikelwa okune-Antioxidant: Ama-catechin (i-EGCG) anciphisa ama-radical akhululekile, okubambezela ukulimala okungenxa ye-oxidative emangqamuzaneni. Ukuphuza itiye eluhlaza njalo kuhlanganiswa nokwehla kwezimpawu zokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative.

• Amandla Amnene nokusekelwa Kokuqonda: Ingxube ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine inikeza amandla «amnene» — ngaphandle kokukhathazeka noma ukwehla okukhulu. I-theanine inikela ekuthuthukisweni kokugxilisa kanye nenkumbulo.

• Ukusekela Uhlelo Lwenhliziyo Nemithambo: Ama-polyphenol anikela ekuthuthukisweni kwephrofayela ye-lipid kanye nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo.

• Isenzo Esilwa namagciwane Nesinciphisa Ukuvuvukala: Ama-catechin avimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane amaningana angenisayo, kufaka phakathi ama-streptococcus abangela ukubola kwamazinyo. Itiye linikela ekuhlanzekeni komoya womlomo.

• Ukuvikelwa Emisebeni Ye-UV: Ama-antioxidant etiye eluhlaza anciphisa ukulimala kwesikhumba okubangelwa yi-ultraviolet, okubambezela ukuguga kwesikhumba okubangelwa ukukhanya.

• Ukusekela Ukugayeka Kokudla: Okuqukethwe okumaphakathi kwama-polyphenol kukhuthaza ukuhamba kwe-peristalsis nokufakwa ngaphandle kokucasula ulwelwesi olufakayo.

• Ukusekela Ukusebenza Komzimba: I-caffeine nama-catechin anikela ekuhambiseni ama-asidi amafutha kanye ne-thermogenesis — umnikelo omncane ekugcineni kwesisindo esinempilo.

• Isexwayiso Esibalulekile: Abantu abazwelayo ku-caffeine, abanokuvuvukala kwamathumbu, kanye nalabo abasebenzisa ama-anticoagulant kutuswa ukuphuza ngokulinganisela.

9. Ukubilisa (Ukwenza Itiye):

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 75–85 °C. Kwahlobo olukhethekile (嫩芽) — 75–80 °C; kwezinye izinga lokuqala nelesibili — kufika ku-85 °C.

• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150–200 ml.

• Indishi: Ingilazi yegilasi ende (玻璃杯) — okunconywa kakhulu ekuhlanganeni kokuqala: «umdanso» wamahlumela avulekayo, emi aqondile — «ihlathi lika-bamboo enkomishini» — injabulo enkulu yobuhle sale tiye. I-gaiwan yobumba — ukulawula ngokunembile ukukhipha nokugcina iphunga.

• Inqubo:

  1. Shisisa ingilazi noma i-gaiwan ngamanzi abilayo, uwakhiphe.
  2. Thela itiye.
  3. Thela amanzi ezinga lokushisa elifanele afike engxenyeni eyodwa kwezintathu yomthamo, linda imizuzwana engu-15–20 — amahlumela azoqala ukuvuleka.
  4. Thela amanzi afike engxenyeni engu-3/4 yomthamo.
  5. Ukumunca: imizuzu eyi-1,5–2 kwesokuqala. Bukha amaqabunga enyuka, ehla, ema aqondile — lokhu kuyingxenye yesiko.
  6. Phuza, ungaphuzi kuze kuphele: shiya ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yele nto efakiwe bese uthela amanzi amasha. Amasevisi amabili kuya kwamathathu amanzi amasha ayavunyelwa.
  7. Uma upheka ngokudlulisela amanzi (i-gaiwan): isikhathi sokuqala — imizuzwana engu-20, okulandelayo — ngokwengeza imizuzwana engu-5–10. Ingqikithi yezikhathi ezi-3–5.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izinga lokushisa: Okuhle — 0–5 °C (esiqandisini, ekufakweni okuvalwe umoya). Uma kugcinwa ekamelweni — endaweni epholile, emnyama (akukho ngaphezu kuka-10 °C).

• Isitsha: Izikhwama ze-aluminium ezingenalutho, amathini wensimbi anezembozo ezivala kahle. Ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni nasephungeni langaphandle kuyadingeka.

• Izitha zetiye: Ukukhanya, umswakama, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umoya-mpilo, amaphunga angaphandle. I-Tàihú Cuì Zhú iyitiye elithambile elinephunga elihle; uma izimo zokugcinwa zingahambi kahle, ilahlekelwa ukusha «okuluhlaza» nokubengezela okunamafutha ngokushesha okukhulu kunezinhlobo ezimaholoholo.

• Isikhathi sokunambitheka okuhle: Izinyanga ezi-6–12 kusuka osukwini lokukhiqiza. Itiye lasentwasahlobo kungcono ukuliphuza ngaphambi kokwindla lonyaka ofanayo.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

• Isigaba sentengo: Esimaphakathi nangaphezulu kwesilinganiso. Itiye lasentwasahlobo lezinga eliphezulu kakhulu (明前特级) — ama-yuan ayi-1000–1500 ngama-500 g (ngokwemininingwane ka-2009–2011), okubeka ezingeni elifanayo namatiye aluhlaza asezingeni eliphezulu ase-Jiangnan, kodwa ngaphansi kwezikhundla eziphezulu ze-Lóngjǐng noma i-Bìluóchūn. Izinga lokuqala nelesibili elitholakalayo — lishibhile kakhulu.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:

  • Thenga emapulazini asesifundeni sase-Dǒushān anelungelo lokusebenzisa isikhombi sendawo, noma ezitolo ezigunyaziwe zeNhlangano Yabalimi Betiye Yase-Xīběi (锡北镇茶业协会).
  • Hlola isimo: i-Tàihú Cuì Zhú yangempela iyisicaba, «njengobambu», igobeke kancane, ibushelelezi. Amacembe asongwe ngokungalungile noma aphukile kuwuphawu lokukhwabanisa noma kwezinga eliphansi.
  • Hlola umbala: oluhlaza okotshani we-jade onokubengezela okunamafutha. Umbala obuthaka, ophuzi noma ongafani ubonisa izinto ezindala.
  • Hlola iphunga: lihlanzekile, lisha, linenothi yekhesteni. Iphunga elihlabayo «elithosiwe» noma «elenhlanzi» kuwuphawu lokuphazamiseka kobuchwepheshe.
  • Phekha bese ubuka: itiye langempela livuleka engilazini «njengehlathi lika-bamboo» — amahlumela ema aqondile, into efakiwe icacile futhi ikhanya.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Igama elithi «Tàihú Cuì Zhú» lavunyelwa ngo-1989 ngemva kwezinguqulo ezimbili «zomusebenzi»: «Dǒushān Qīngfēng» (斗山青峰, «Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Sentaba i-Dǒushān») kanye ne-«Liángxī Làngjiān» (梁溪浪尖, «I-Crest of the Wave [lomfula] i-Liángxī»). Kwanqoba igama elikhomba ngesikhathi esisodwa echibini i-Tàihú kanye nesithombe esibonakalayo seqabunga lomhlanga — elifushane futhi elinobunkondlo.

• Ukukhiqiza amagremu angu-500 e-Tàihú Cuì Zhú eyomile kudinga amahlumela athambile angaphezu kuka-30,000 — ngalinye likhiwa ngesandla.

• Isifunda sase-Dǒushān singesinye sezindawo ezindala kakhulu eziphathwa ngemvelo e-China: ukuvinjelwa kokuzingela, ukudoba kanye nokugawulwa kwehlathi kwaqala ngesikhathi soMbusi u-Kāngxī (康熙, wabusa 1661–1722), okungukuthi iminyaka engaphezu kwama-300 edlule. Le ndlela yokulawula yamakhulu eminyaka igcine umbhede oyingqayizivele wamahlathi, odala i-ecosystem yemvelo yamasimu etiye.

• I-Tàihú Cuì Zhú ingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza ambalwa, akhelwe ngokukhethekile umphumela wokubuka lapho ephekwa engilazini. Amahlumela, evuleka, ema aqondile futhi anyakaza kancane, enza umfanekiso wehlathi lika-bamboo elimancane (似群山竹林) — lokhu akuwona umphumela ohlangothini, kodwa umphumela ohlose ukubumbeka.

• Naphezu kweminyaka yakhe encane (engaphansi kuka-40), i-Tàihú Cuì Zhú ifinyelele irekhodi emncintiswaneni we-«Lù Yǔ Bēi» — ukunqoba okuyisishiyagalombili okulandelanayo, okwenza kube itiye eliluhlaza elihlonishwa kakhulu esifundazweni sase-Jiangsu.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

• Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Inkomba yetiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba. I-Lóngjǐng — iyisicaba ngokuphelele, inephunga eliqinile «lobhontshisi nekhesteni» nomzimba onamafutha. I-Tàihú Cuì Zhú — nayo iyisicaba, kodwa inokugotshwa okuphawulekayo («iqabunga likabamboo»), ihle kakhulu futhi ilula emzimbeni, inothi elincane lokugazinga kanye nomlingiswa «ohlaza» kakhudlwana.

• Bìluóchūn (碧螺春, Bìluóchūn): Itiye eliluhlaza elisongekile elidumile lase-Suzhou — isifunda esingumakhelwane ne-Wuxi ogwini lwe-Tàihú okufanayo. I-Bìluóchūn — isongekile njenge-spiral, inephrofayela lezimbali nezithelo (ngenxa yokutshala kanye nezihlahla zezithelo). I-Tàihú Cuì Zhú — iyisicaba, inethoni yekhesteni, ayinawo kakhulu «isithelo», inomlingiswa «kabamboo» ngokwengeziwe.

• Jiāngsū Yángxiàn Xuěyá (阳羡雪芽, Yángxiàn Xuěyá): Elinye itiye eliluhlaza elidumile lase-Jiangsu — lase-Yíxīng (Yíxīng, nalo liyingxenye ye-Wuxi). I-Yángxiàn Xuěyá — isongekile, inoboya obuningi kanye nomlingiswa «wezintaba» ngokwengeziwe (i-Yíxīng iphakeme kune-Dǒushān). I-Tàihú Cuì Zhú — ingamathafa namagquma, «ichibi» kakhudlwana, ithambile futhi ithambe kakhulu.

• Nánjīng Yǔhuā Chá (南京雨花茶, Nánjīng Yǔhuā Chá): Itiye eliluhlaza elime njengenaliti lenhloko-dolobha yase-Jiangsu. I-Yǔhuā Chá — izinaliti eziqinile, eziqondile ezinephunga likafulawa; i-Tàihú Cuì Zhú — «amaqabunga kashani» ayisicaba anethoni yekhesteni. Izitayela ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele, ezihlanganiswa ngokuba yingxenye yesikole setiye sase-Jiangsu.

• Ānjí Bái Chá (安吉白茶, Ānjí Bái Chá): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lase-Zhejiang elinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwama-amino acid. I-Tàihú Cuì Zhú isebenzisa isitshalo esifanayo i-Ānjí Bái Chá njengenye yezingxenye, kodwa iphrofayela iyathamba, «iyi-chibi» kakhudlwana futhi ayinawo kakhulu «umnandi we-amino acid» kune-Ānjí yasekuqaleni.

Ekugcineni:

I-Tàihú Cuì Zhú — itiye elakhiwe ngokuhlosela ubuhle. Isimo salo «sobambu» — akuyona ingozi yobuchwepheshe, kodwa umqondo wobuciko, oguqula konke ukubilisa kube umbukiso omncane: ingilazi yegilasi iba iwindi elibheke ehlathini elincane lika-bamboo, futhi into efakiwe eluhlaza okotshani ethambile iba yichibi laso. Ukunambitheka nephunga kucwengeke ngokufanayo: ukuhlanzeka okusha, ithoni yekhesteni ecolekileyo, ubumnandi obuthambile obuyayo — akukho lutho olungadingekile, akukho lutho olumemeza. Lokhu kuwukuhlanganisa i-Jiangnan — ubuhle obungaphikeleli okwabo, kodwa obumane bukhona. Ukukhetha okuhle kulabo abazisa etiyeni hhayi amandla, kodwa ubuhle, futhi abazimisele ukunikela ngomzuzu ukuze babuke nje, eyavula enkomishini ihlathi lika-bamboo.