Sōngyáng Yín Hóu · new.thetea.app

Sōngyáng Yín Hóu (松阳银猴, Sōngyáng yín hóu — “Inkawu Elisiliva yaseSongyang”) iyitiyela eliluhlaza eliyingqayizivele elivela esifundeni saseSongyang esifundazweni saseZhejiang, elibizwa ngegama elithi “igugu phakathi kwamatiye” (茶中瑰宝, chá zhōng guībǎo) ngenxa yesimo salo esingajwayelekile: amahlumela asontekile aqinile, ambozwe kakhulu uboya besiliva, agotshwe ngendlela efana nezinpaphe zenkawu. Ukuhlanganiswa “kwesiliva” yoboya nokusonteka “okwenkawu” kwaveza elinye lamagama anemibala egqamile emhlabeni wetiye laseChina. Ngo-2023, uSōngyáng Yín Hóu wathola umklomelo wegolide emkhosini wamazwe ngamazwe wetiye laseShanghai futhi wafakwa ohlwini lwamatiye anikezwa emihlanganweni yoMkhandlu Wezwe wasePeople’s Republic of China (国务院会议指定用茶).

1. Ukuhlelwa Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshiwe). Ngokwesimo — “igwegwe” elisontelwe (卷曲多毫, juǎnqū duōháo), elinokugotshwa okuphawulekayo, okufana “nonzipho lwenkawu” (弯钩状, wāngōu zhuàng).
Isigaba: Umkhiqizo owabelwe uphawu lukazwelonke lwendawo yezwe (国家地理标志产品, 2008). Itiye elidumile laseZhejiang (浙江省名茶, 1984). Umklomelo wegolide womkhosi wamazwe ngamazwe wetiye laseShanghai (2023). Itiye lemihlangano yoMkhandlu Wezwe wasePRC (国务院会议指定用茶).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), idolobha iLishui (丽水市, Líshuǐ Shì), isifunda iSongyang (松阳县, Sōngyáng Xiàn). Isifunda sisemifuleni engenhla yoMfula i-Oujiang (瓯江), sizungezwe izintaba iMaoshan (卯山), Wan shou shan (万寿山) nezinye, sinamanzi aphuma ezintabeni. Amaphesenti amahlathi – 93%.
Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba: Cishe 28°27′ enyakatho yesikhundla, 119°29′ empumalanga ye-longitude.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Ukutshalwa kwetiye eSongyang kusukela esikhathini sikaTang, lapho amatiye endawo ayesaziwa kakade. Ngesikhathi se-Song imbongi enkulu u-Su Dongpo (苏东坡, Sū Dōngpō) yayidumisa itiye lalesi sifunda ngezinkondlo: “Umhlaba awuziboni izimbali zobisi zaseTiantai, manje sikuphi umpe webhitawuli osuka eYuchuan?” (天台乳花世不见，玉川风液今何有) — kuqinisekisa isikhundla esiphakeme setiye lendawo eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule.

I-Sōngyáng Yín Hóu yesimanjemanje yadalwa ngo-1981 nguMnyango Wezolimo Wesifunda SaseSongyang (松阳县农业局), owathi, ngokusekelwe ezindleleni zasendulo namacultivar endawo, waqamba indlela yokuqanjwa “kokusonteka kwegwegwe” ngoboya obuningi. Ngo-1984 itiye lathola isikhundla esithi “Itiye Elidumile laseZhejiang”. Ngo-2003 — “Igama Elidumile laseZhejiang”. Ngo-2008 — ukuvikelwa kophawu lukazwelonke lwendawo yezwe.
Igama:
- “Songyang” (松阳) — “Ilanga Likaphayini”: igama lesifunda, elibonisa ukwanda kwamahlathi kaphayini nokuchayeka kwemithambeka eningizimu.
- “Yin” (银) — “isiliva”: ichaza uboya obuminyene besiliva obumhlophe, obumboza amahlumela.
- “Hou” (猴) — “inkawu”: ichaza isimo setiye elisontelwe, eligotshwe, elifana nonzipho lwenkawu. Leli ngelinye lamagama anemifanekiso akhumbuleka kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aseChina.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: ISongyang — “isifunda setiye” esinezimpande ezijulile: abantu abangaphezu kuka-40% ngandlela-thile baxhumene nemboni yetiye. I-Sōngyáng Yín Hóu — ingelinye lamatiye ambalwa ahlonishwe ngesikhundla “setiye loMkhandlu Wezwe” (国务院会议指定用茶) — itiye elinikezwa emihlanganweni yesigungu esiphezulu sikahulumeni wePRC.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Izinhlobo / I-cultivar: Iminyombo yomdabu yasendaweni ye-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Amahlumela — anenyama, ambozwe kakhulu uboya. Izihlahlana zivunyelaniswe nesimo sezulu somswakama sezintaba zaseSongyang.
Ukuvuna: Ekuseni entwasahlobo. Ngebanga eliphezulu kakhulu lomkhiqizo wesigaba sokuqala (特一级) — imiqumbe egcwele noma umqumbe owodwa oneqabunga elilodwa elisendleleni yokuvuleka (≥90%). Uboya — buningi, bumboza ≥90% yengaphezulu. Ngebanga eliphezulu lesigaba sesibili (特二级) — umqumbe owodwa oneqabunga elilodwa (≥80%). Ngesigaba sokuqala — umqumbe owodwa oneqabunga elilodwa kuya kwamabili. Ngesigaba sesibili — umqumbe owodwa onamaqabunga amabili.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Amahlumela athambile, anenyama, afanayo. Ukucutshungulwa — ngosuku lokuvuna.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokutshala:

Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo — 17.7°C, imvula yonyaka — 1511 mm. Inani lezinsuku ezinenkungu lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo — ≥200. Umswakama ohlobene — ≥80%. Ukwanda kokukhanya okusakazekile.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Amasimu amakhulu — asendaweni yezintaba ezungeze ama-300+ m, ezigodini zemifula, ezivikelve izintaba emoyeni.
Inhlabathi: I-clay ephuzi (黄泥土, huángní tǔ) kanye “ne-clay ebomvu yephayini” (红松泥, hóng sōng ní), i-pH 4.5–6.5. Ukujula kwephrofayela — ≥0.5 m. Okuqukethwe yizinto eziphilayo — ≥1.0%.
I-ecosystem: Amaphesenti amahlathi — 93% — enye yezilinganiso eziphakame kakhulu phakathi kwezifunda ezitshala itiye e-China nasemhlabeni. Umfula i-Oujiang kanye nemingenela yawo kunqamula indawo, kudala isimo sezulu esincane esinomswakama ophezulu.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Sōngyáng Yín Hóu — benziwa ngesandla ngokuphelele, ngendlela ehlukile yokwakhiwa “kokusonteka kwegwegwe”. Ifomula yobungcweti: “ukugazinga kancane, ingcindezi elula, ukwakhiwa kanye nokugazinga ngesikhathi esisodwa” (慢速轻炒，边炒边整).

Ukubeka isendlalelo (摊放 — tānfàng): Ngesendlalelo esincane esingamasentimitha ayi-1.5–2 ukuze kuvundlulwe.
Ukulungiswa (杀青 — shāqīng): Ngama-150–200°C, ngokushintshashintsha “kokujikijela” kanye “nokubilisa” (抛闷结合, pāo mèn jiéhé).
Ukusonteka (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Okunezigaba ezintathu — “okulula → okuqinile → okulula” (轻-重-轻).
Ukwakhiwa “konzipho lwenkawu” (造型 — zàoxíng): Ngokushisa okungu-~80°C, ingcweti isebenzisa ukunyakaza okukhethekile “kokunyakazisa, ukucindezela, nokuqondisa” (抖捺理, dǒu nà lǐ) ukwakha isimo esigotshwe “njengegwegwe” esiphawulekayo. Lesi yisigaba esibalulekile futhi sobuciko obuphezulu, esichaza ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele kwe-Yín Hóu.
Ukomiswa (烘干 — hōnggān): Okunezigaba ezimbili: okokuqala kungu-75°C, okokugcina kungu-50°C — indlela ethambile, egcina kakhulu uboya obusiliva nephunga le-chestnut.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amahlumela asontekile aqinile, anenyama, anokugotshwa “okuyigwegwe” okuphawulekayo (卷曲多毫，弯钩状). Anenyama futhi afana ngokwanele (肥壮匀整). Ambozwe kakhulu uboya obusiliva obumhlophe — “isiliva” yoboya kanye “nenkawu” yesimo yilokho okwanikeza itiye igama.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: I-Chestnut (栗香, lì xiāng) — inothi eliyinhloko, eligcwele futhi eliqinile. Ubusha obuhlanzekile obuluhlaza (清香持久). “Iphunga elibandayo” (冷香, lěngxiāng) — inothi eliyingqayizivele, eliphawuleka ngamatiye e-ecological asezintabeni eziphakeme.
Iphunga lokumpontshwa: I-Chestnut, eqinile, enomsindo ongaphambili “obandayo”.
I-flavour: Elisha futhi elinobisi (鲜爽), elinobumnandi obuthe xaxa (甘醇, gānchún), elisha eligxilile (浓鲜, nóngxiān) — inothi le-amino acid livezwa ngokugqamile ikakhulukazi. Ubumnandi obubuyayo — buyashesha (回甘迅猛, huígān xùnměng) — ngomunye wama-“huigan” asheshayo futhi anamandla kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza.
Umbala wokumpontshwa: Oluhlaza okotshani othe xaxa, ohlanzekile, ogqamile futhi osobala (嫩绿清澈明亮).
Inzansi yetiye: Amahlumela athambile, anenyama, aqoqwe abe “ngama-bud” (嫩绿成朵、匀齐肥嫩). Iqabunga — linwebekile, liyaphila.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenol (ama-catechin): Okuqukethwe okubalulekile — kuhlinzeka ngamandla e-antioxidant. Ngokocwaningo, ukusebenza kahle kokuqedwa kwama-radical akhululekile — kuphakeme ngokuphindwe ka-18 kunalokho kwe-vithamini E.
Amino acid (okuhlanganisa ne-L-theanine): Okuqukethwe okuphezulu — umphumela wezinsuku zenkungu ezingaphezu kwama-200, ukukhanya okusabalaliswayo okuningi kanye nenhlabathi ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo. Yi-amino acid ngempela ebonelela “ngo-huigan osheshayo” — ubumnandi obubuyayo ngokushesha.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine — okuqukethwe ngamaphesenti ka-20 ngaphezulu kunetiye elijwayelekile eliluhlaza (ngokocwaningo). Kunikeza umphumela ophawulekayo wokuqinisa.
Amavithamini: I-vithamini C, amavithamini eqembu B.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-manganese.

8. Izakhiwo Ezizuzisayo:

Umphumela wokuqinisa (提神醒脑): Okuqukethwe kwe-caffeine okuphezulu (+20% kunesilinganiso) kunikeza ugqozi oluphawulekayo. I-L-theanine inciphisa futhi yandise umphumela.
Umphumela we-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenol — ukusebenza kahle okuphindwe ka-18 kunokwe-vithamini E.
Umphumela wokupholisa (清热解暑): Itiye lingaphansi “kokubanda kancane” (性微寒, xìng wēi hán) — lisusa “ukushisa kwangaphakathi”.
Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya ukudla: Ama-catechin.
Ukuqinisa amandla okuvikela umzimba: Indidiyelo yamavithamini namaminerali.
Kubalulekile: izakhiwo ezibaluliwe zisekelwe esazisweni esitholakalayo emphakathini futhi akuzona izincomo zezokwelapha.

9. Ukudidiyela:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90°C.
Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3 kumamililitha angu-150 wamanzi (isilinganiso esiyi-1:50).
Izitsha: Ingilazi yegilasi — ukuze ubuke “izinkawu zesiliva” zizungeza emanzini.
Inqubo (indlela “yokuthelwa okuthathu” / 三投法):
1. Shisisa ingilazi, ukhiphe amanzi.
2. Thela amanzi afinyelele ku-1/3 womthamo.
3. Thela itiye, unyakazise ingilazi — “vula iphunga” (摇香, yáoxiāng, amasekhondi angu-30).
4. Ngezela amanzi afinyelele ku-7/10 womthamo.
5. Ukumpontshwa kokuqala — umzuzu owodwa.
6. Okwesibili kuya kweyesine — yandisa ngamasekhondi ayi-15. Itiye likwazi ukumelana nokumpontshwa okungu-4–6.
Qaphela: kunconywa ukuthi itiye elisanda kuthengwa ligcinwe izinsuku eziyi-15 ukuze “kuhambe ukunambitheka komlilo”. Ungalithela ngamanzi abilayo — lokhu kubhubhisa i-chlorophyll futhi kukhiphe umbala ophuzi.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Gcina esitsheni esivala ngokuqinile, endaweni emnyama futhi epholile.
Okulungile — isiqandisi esingu-0–5°C.
Isikhathi sokugcina — kufikela ezinyangeni eziyi-12–18.
Ngemva kokuvulwa — sebenzisa phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-1–2.

11. Intengo Nemikhonyovu:

I-Sōngyáng Yín Hóu — itiye elinesistimu yamabanga ethuthukisiwe: amaleveli amane (特一级, 特二级, 一级, 二级). Eliphezulu kakhulu — lisuka kuma-yuan angama-800 nge-jin (500 g).

Ungayigwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Thenga kubathengisi abathembekile abanophawu lokumakwa kwendawo yesifunda saseSongyang.
- Hlola isimo: ukugotshwa “okuyigwegwe” okuphawulekayo, amahlumela anenyama anoboya besiliva obuningi. Amaqabunga aqondile noma axekethile — akusilo i-Yín Hóu.
- Hlola iphunga: inothi le-chestnut eliqinile elinothi “elibandayo”. Ukungabikho kwe-chestnut — kuyasoleka.
- Hlola “ihuigan”: ubumnandi obubuyayo obusheshayo, obunamandla — uphawu lobuqotho. I-huigan ebuthakathaka noma engekho — umgunyathi.
- Naka intengo: intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo — uphawu lomgunyathi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-Sōngyáng Yín Hóu — ingelinye lamatiye ambalwa anegama eliqukethe isithombe sesilwane: “inkawu” (猴) — kubhekisa esimweni sehlumela elisontelwe, elifana nonzipho lwenkawu olugotshwe. Phakathi kwamatiye “e-zoological” kukhona ne-Taiping Houkui (太平猴魁, “Inkosi Yenkawu yaseTaiping”), i-Bai Mao Hou (白毛猴, “Inkawu Enoboya Obumhlophe”).
Isikhundla “setiye loMkhandlu Wezwe” (国务院会议指定用茶) — elinye lamazinga aphakeme “kwezombangazwe” emhlabeni wetiye laseChina. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Sōngyáng Yín Hóu inikezwa emihlanganweni yesigungu esiphezulu sikahulumeni wePRC — uMkhandlu Wezwe.
Amaphesenti amahlathi esifunda saseSongyang — 93% — cishe irekhodi eliphelele phakathi kwezifunda ezitshala itiye. Amasimu etiye “acwiliswe ehlathini”.
“I-huigan esheshayo” (回甘迅猛) — ngesinye sezici ezihamba phambili zokunambitheka: ubumnandi obubuyayo bubuya ngokushesha futhi ngamandla angajwayelekile, okuvelela i-Yín Hóu phakathi kwamatiye amaningi aluhlaza, lapho i-huigan ikhula kancane.
Okuqukethwe kwe-caffeine kungaphezulu ngamaphesenti ka-20 kunetiye elijwayelekile eliluhlaza — okwenza i-Sōngyáng Yín Hóu ibe ngelinye lamatiye aluhlaza “avusa kakhulu” e-Zhejiang.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aseZhejiang kanye namanye “enkawu”:

Kaihua Longding (开化龙顶): Kusuka entshonalanga ye-Zhejiang. Igqazile, injengezinaliti, ine-orchid. I-Longding — “iluhlaza” futhi ibukeka kakhulu ngokubonakalayo; i-Yín Hóu — isonteke kakhulu futhi ine-chestnut, ine-huigan enamandla.
Taiping Houkui (太平猴魁): Ekusuka e-Anhui. Itiye “lenkawu” futhi, kodwa — iqabunga eliyisicaba elikhulu elinephunga le-orchid elijulile. I-Hou Kui — “inkulu kunayo”; i-Yín Hóu — iminyene, inenyama, “iyigwegwe”.
Huiming Cha (惠明茶): Okanye naye edolobheni laseLishui. Imiqumbe emhlophe qwa, iphunga le-orchid ne-fruity. I-Huiming Cha — “imhlophe” futhi ineziqhamo; i-Yín Hóu — “isiliva” futhi ine-chestnut kakhulu.
Xi Hu Longjing (西湖龙井): Isicaba, ubhontshisi one-chestnut. I-Longjing — icwebezele futhi iyisicaba; i-Yín Hóu — isonteke ngokugqamile. Ifilosofi ezahlukene zesimo, kodwa zombili zivela e-Zhejiang.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Sōngyáng Yín Hóu — itiye elinobuntu. “Izinzipho zenkawu yesiliva” yayo, ubumnandi obubuyayo ngokushesha, iphunga le-chestnut elinothi “elibandayo” lasezintabeni kanye nesikhundla “setiye loMkhandlu Wezwe” — konke lokhu kwakha umfanekiso wetiye elingathambekele emathuneni aphakathi nendawo nasekuhlonipheni: lishaya ngqo, ligqamile futhi linamandla, “njengenkawu” egeqe egatsheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho — amaphesenti ama-93 ehlathi elizungezile, izinsuku zenkungu ezingama-200 ngonyaka kanye nesiko leminyaka eyinkulungwane, elahlatshelelwa umxhwele ngu-Su Dongpo. Kulabo abafuna itiye eliluhlaza elinomphumela “osheshayo” — ubusha, ubumnandi, ugqozi lapha futhi manje — i-Sōngyáng Yín Hóu idalelwe lokho kanye.