ISung Zhen Lü Cha · new.thetea.app

ISung Zhen Lü Cha (松针绿茶, sōng zhēn lǜchá) yigama elihlanganisayo lamatiye aluhlaza amise okwezinaliti zikaphayini: izintambo ezicijile, eziqondile, eziminyene ezineziphetho ezicijile (紧细圆直, jǐn xì yuán zhí — “ziminyene, zihle, ziyindilinga emncane enqamulayo, ziqondile”). “Izinaliti Zikaphayini” akuyona itiye lendawo ethile eliqondile, kodwa uhlobo lwemofoloji oluhlanganisa amatiye amaningana adumile avela ezifundazweni ezihlukene. Abameleli abathathu abadume kakhulu baziwa ngokuthi “Izinaliti Ezintathu ZaseChina” (中国三针, Zhōngguó Sānzhēn): I-Ahnua Song Zhen (安化松针, eHunani — ethosiwe ngesigamu/kahhafu eyomile), i-Nanjing Yuhua Cha (南京雨花茶, eJiangsu — ethosiwe), ne-Enshi Yulu (恩施玉露, eHubei — ebilisiwe ngomhwamuko). Ngayinye “Yezinaliti Ezintathu” imelela indlela yayo yokumisa ubuluhlaza kanti zonke ezintathu zingamatiye anomumo oyisakhiwo esithi “松针” — kodwa anamaphrofayili ephunga lamakha ahluke ngokuphelele, okubangelwa ubuchwepheshe. Ngaphandle “Kwezinaliti Ezintathu”, umumo othi “松针” usetshenziswa amashumi amanye amatiye aluhlaza angaziwa kangako — kusukela ethiyeni laseHubei i-Songfeng (松峰绿茶) kuye kweleHenan i-Xin Linyulu (新林玉露).

Isimo sendatshana: Lena indatshana yokuhlola (yomqondo) emayelana nohlobo lomumo othi “i-inaliti kaphayini” (松针形). Amatiye athize endawo aleli hlobo achazwe ezindatshaneni ezihlukene zomqingo wolwazi: I-Ahnua Song Zhen, i-Nanjing Yuhua Cha, i-Enshi Yulu, i-Songfeng Lü Cha, i-Xin Linyulu, i-Zhejiang Song Zhen, njll.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nencazelo:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Umumo — “izinaliti zikaphayini” (松针形, sōngzhēn xíng), esinye sezigaba eziyinhloko zemofoloji yetiye laseChina eliluhlaza, sihambisana nokuyisicaba (扁形, biǎn xíng — i-Long Jing), okungenaziphetho (卷曲形, juǎn qū xíng — i-Bi Luo Chun), “ulimi lukandlazi” (雀舌形, quèshé xíng), nezinye.
Izimpawu zomumo ezichazayo: Amaqabunga amancane, emincane (紧细, jǐn xì), ayindilinga emncane enqamulayo (圆浑, yuánhún), aqondile (挺直, tǐng zhí) futhi acijile emikhawulweni yomibili — njengoba nje kunjalo ngezinaliti zikaphayini. Ngokungafani namatiye ayisicaba (acindezelwe ngenqubo yokuthosa), “izinaliti zikaphayini” zenziwa ngokugingqa zibheke eceleni (纵向搓揉, zòng xiàng cuō róu) — iqabunga lidonswa futhi licijwe liye esiqhondweni sawo, kunokuba licindezelwe liye phambana. Lesi sigaba — siwukhiye womumo futhi sidinga ikhono eliphakeme.
Ukusatshalaliswa ngokwendawo: Umumo othi “松针” awuhlobene nesifunda esisodwa — utholakala eHunani (i-Ahnua Song Zhen), eJiangsu (i-Nanjing Yuhua Cha), eHubei (i-Enshi Yulu, i-Songfeng Lü Cha, i-Xin Linyulu), eZhejiang (i-Zhejiang Song Zhen), e-Anhui, eYunani, nakwezinye izifundazwe. Lapho uthenga i-“Sung Zhen Lü Cha” ngaphandle kokucacisa isifunda, kubalulekile ukuthi ucacise ngemvelaphi yayo — kuncike emvelweni, ephungeni nasentengweni.

2. “Izinaliti Ezintathu ZaseChina” (中国三针) — umongo womlando:

Umqondo “Wezinaliti Ezintathu” (中国三针, Zhōngguó Sānzhēn) wakheka emphakathini wochwepheshe betiye baseChina nasezikhungweni zemfundo njengendlela yokuhlela amatiye amathathu aluhlaza ayizingxenye eziyisibonelo esihle, ngayinye imelela indlela yayo yokumisa ubuluhlaza. I-Nanjing Yuhua Cha isetshenziswa njengesibonelo sezifundo (教学标样, jiàoxué biāoyàng) somumo othi “松针” ezikhungweni eziningi zemfundo yetiye eChina.

I-Ahnua Song Zhen (安化松针, Ānhuà Sōng Zhēn): eHunani. Yasungulwa ngo-1959 (yanikelwa umgubho weminyaka engu-10 wePeople’s Republic of China) isekelwe ezinhlelweni zakudala zaseHunani ezazilahlekile ngawo-20. Iqembu lochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe lasebenza iminyaka emine (1959–1963) ezintabeni zaseFurongshan naseYuntai Mountain, libreza amakhono futhi lidala umkhiqizo omusha. Indlela — ethosiwe ngesigamu/kahhafu eyomile (半烘半炒, bàn hōng bàn chǎo). Umumo — “izinaliti” ezinde, eziqondile, ezinhle (长直秀丽, cháng zhí xiùlì), ezinenqwaba yoboya obumhlophe. Iphunga — liminyene futhi lihlobile (馥郁浓厚). Ukunambitheka — kumnandi futhi kumsulwa (甜醇). Inguyise wamatiye anamuhla aluhlaza abunjwengezinaliti futhi ingummeli waseHunani — esinye sezifundazwe eziyinhloko zetiye. Izigaba zokukhiqiza eziyisishiyagalombili, okuyisona sinqala isigaba semizuzu engu-40 sokubunjwa ngesandla (整形) esingakwazi ukwenziwa ngomshini. Ngo-1994 yahlonishwa ngendondo yegolide embukisweni womhlaba wonke e-Ulan Bator.
I-Nanjing Yuhua Cha (南京雨花茶, Nánjīng Yǔhuā Chá): eJiangsu. Yasungulwa ngo-1958 “njenge-tiye lesikhumbuzo” kubafel’ ukholo abangamavukelambuso baseNanjing — umumo wayo “wezinaliti zikaphayini” ufanekisela ukungagobi nokuhlala kuluhlaza komoya wamaqhawe awileyo. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuhlobene nokuvulwa kwesikhumbuzo sase-Yuhuatai (雨花台, “Ithala Lezimbali Zasezulwini”). Indlela — ukuthosa (炒青, chǎo qīng) emazingeni aphansi okushisa angu-130–140 °C. Umumo — “紧细圆直, 犹如松针” (“ziminyene, zihle, ziyindilinga emncane enqamulayo, ziqondile — kungathi zingizinaliti zikaphayini”). Iphunga — lisha, liluhlaza, linamaphunga ezimbali. Umbala weqabunga elomile — “uluhlaza omnyama onobukhazikhazi obusiliva” (墨绿, 白毫). Kusukela ngo-1986 ukukhiqizwa kwaqalisa ukwenziwa phesele ngomshini — kusetshenziswa isigubhu esikhethekile sokubumba esisebenza ngokuya kwesimiso “sebhodi lokuhlikihla” (搓衣板原理), lapho amaqabunga “ agingqelwa ” abe yizinaliti eziqondile. I-Yuhua Cha ayivamile ukutholakala ngaphandle kwaseNanjing — lonke ivolumu lusetshenziswa lapho. Indawo yokukhiqiza enegama elifanele — izifunda eziyisikhombisa zaseNanjing kanye namapaki amabili esikhumbuzo (i-Zhongshanling ne-Yuhuatai). Ifakwe kuhlu lwamagugu angaphatheki aseNanjing (ngo-2007).
I-Enshi Yulu (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): eHubei. Itiye elidala kunabo bonke elisekhona eliluhlaza elibilisiwe ngomhwamuko eChina (leminyaka ye-19, ngokweminye imininingwane — kusukela ngoKangxi, leminyaka ye-17). Indlela — ukumiswa ngomhwamuko (蒸青, zhēngqīng). Umumo — “izinaliti” eziqondile, eziminyene, eziluhlaza okumnyama ezinombala ofana nowokubhala ngobulili (墨绿). Iphunga — “elisolwandle”, “elifana nokhula lwasemanzini” (海藻香), ngaphandle kwephunga “lomunyu wokuthosiwe”. Ukunambitheka — kusha, kuthambile, kunobukhomane obugqamile. Iwubufakazi obuphilayo bobuchwepheshe bakudala baseChina bokubilisa ngomhwamuko, obuchazwe nguLu Yu.
Ukuhambisana naseJaphani: Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-sencha yaseJaphani (煎茶, Sencha) — nayo iyitiye eliluhlaza elibilisiwe ngomhwamuko — imelela ukuziphendukela okuhambisanayo kwalolo hlobo lobunjwa nobuchwepheshe. Ama-“松针” aseChina kanye ne-sencha yaseJaphani anokhokho ofanayo — itiye elibilisiwe ngomhwamuko laseTang, kodwa athuthuka ngokuzimela. I-Xin Linyulu (新林玉露) yaseHenan — yisenzakalo esiyingqayizivele “sokungenisa kabusha kusuka emuva”: umugqa wokubilisa ngomhwamuko waseJaphani, owabuyela eChina ukuze usebenze ngomkhiqizo okrwada waseChina.

3. Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba “izinaliti zikaphayini”:

Ngaphandle kwendlela yokumisa ubuluhlaza (ukuthosa, ukubilisa ngomhwamuko, indlela exubile), isigaba esiyinhloko — ukubumba, okuguqula iqabunga libe “yininaliti”. Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:

Ukugingqa ngesandla ngokubheke eceleni (手工搓揉, shǒugōng cuō róu): Umnini wekhono uhambisa iqabunga ngezandla phezu kwendawo eshisayo noma ethreyini yoqalo, elidonsela phambili libe yintambo eqondile. Indlela edinga umzamo omkhulu kakhulu, ekhiqiza “izinaliti” ezingcono kakhulu nezinobuhle kakhulu. Isetshenziselwa amaqoqo amahle kakhulu e-Ahnua Song Zhen (imizuzu engu-40 yokubunjwa ngesandla.). Umnini wekhono oyedwa angahle angakwazi ukwenza ikhilogremu ezingaphezu kwengu-10 zamaqabunga aluhlaza ngosuku.
Ukubunjwa ngomshini (机械做形, jīxiè zuò xíng): Izigubhu ezikhethekile zokubumba noma ama-roller, lapho iqabunga liginqelwa libe yizintambo eziqondile ngaphansi kwengcindezi eqondisiwe. I-Nanjing Yuhua Cha yashintshela ngokuphelele ekubunjweni ngomshini ngo-1986, yaba yitiye lokuqala eliluhlaza laseChina elakhiqizwa ngesihle ngomshini.
Ukugingqa ngezigaba ezintathu (三步揉捻, sān bù róuniǎn): Ukugingqa okuqatha → okumaphakathi → okokugcina okuqondile. Kusetshenziselwa i-Enshi Yulu ne-Xin Linyulu — isigaba ngasinye sinciphisa ubuningi “beninaliti” futhi silungise umumo.

4. Izimpawu zokunambitheka nokuhogela “kwezinaliti zikaphayini” njengesigaba:

Umumo othi “松针” unomthelela emizweni ngezindlela eziningana:

Ubuhle bokubukeka: “Izinaliti zikaphayini” — angamanye amatiye abukekayo kakhulu lapho ebiliswa engilazini ecacile. Lapho ecwila emanzini, ehla kancane, evamile “ukumisa ogwini” (悬停, xuántíng) — umphumela “wokudansa kwetiye” (茶舞, cháwǔ), ohlonishwa kakhulu ngabanolwazi.
Ukwakhiwa ngokulinganayo: Umumo oqondile, ominyene uhlinzeka ngokukhishwa okulinganayo kwezinto kulo lonke ubude beqabunga — ngokungafani nezintambo ezigingqiwe (i-Bi Luo Chun), lapho isikhungo esisongwe ngokuqinile sivuleka kamuva kunamaphethelo axegayo.
Ukumelana nokuhlala emanzini: “Izinaliti”, ngokuvamile, zimelana nokudonswa isikhathi eside kunamatiye ayisicaba noma angenaziphetho — isakhiwo esiminyene “sidlulisela” izinto kancane. Ukumelana okuvamile — amadonswa angu-5–8.
Iphrofayili yephunga namakha: Kuncike endleleni yokumisa ubuluhlaza, hhayi emumeni. “Izinaliti” ezithosiwe (i-Yuhua Cha) zinikeza iphunga le-kastanethi eliluhlaza; ezibilisiwe ngomhwamuko (i-Yulu) — “elisolwandle”; ezithosiwe ngesigamu/ngehhafu eyomile (i-Ahnua) — eliminyene elimnandi. Umumo ngokwawo awubeki iphunga namakha, kodwa unomthelela esigcawini sokuthi “livuleka” kanjani enkomishini.

5. Ukwenziwa kwamatiye omumo othi “松针”:

Indlela: Kunconywa “indlela yokuthela phezulu” (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ) — kuqala amanzi, bese kuba itiye. Lokhu kuvumela ukubuka “ukudansa kwetiye” futhi kuvimbela ukuphuka “kwezinaliti” ezintekenteke lapho zithintana namanzi ashisayo.
Izinga lokushisa: 80–90 °C — ibanga elijwayelekile letiye eliluhlaza. “Izinaliti” ezibilisiwe ngomhwamuko (i-Yulu) — kusondele ku-85–90 °C; ezezingathosiwe — 80–85 °C.
Isilinganiso: Amagremu angu-3 ku-150 ml (1:50).
Imvubelo: Ingilazi ecacile — iyindlela enhle kakhulu “yezinaliti zikaphayini”: ivumela ukubonga ngokuphelele ubuhle bokubukeka komumo, “ukumisa ogwini” okuqondile nokuvuleka kancane.
Isikhathi: Ukufakwa kokuqala — amasekhondi angu-60–90 (ingilazi ecacile) noma amasekhondi angu-15–30 (i-gaiwan, indlela yokudonsa).

6. Ithebula lokuqhathanisa “lezinaliti Ezintathu” kanye namanye amatiye anesithako esithi inaliti:

I-Ahnua Song Zhen: eHunani | Ethosiwe ngesigamu/kahhafu eyomile | Eliminyene elimnandi | Unguyise womumo
I-Nanjing Yuhua Cha: eJiangsu | Ethosiwe | Lisha, elinezimbali | Isibonelo sezifundo; “i-tiye lesikhumbuzo”
I-Enshi Yulu: eHubei | Ebilisiwe ngomhwamuko | “Elisolwandle”, “ubukhomane” | Itiye elidala kakhulu laseChina elibilisiwe ngomhwamuko
I-Songfeng Lü Cha: eHubei | Ethosiwe + “闷黄” | Amakastanethi, aminyene | u-Zhu Yuanzhang, 万里茶道
I-Xin Linyulu: eHenan | Ebilisiwe ngomhwamuko (umugqa waseJaphani) | “Elisolwandle”, elimnandi | Ukuhlehla kwamasiko China↔Japan
I-Zhejiang Song Zhen: eZhejiang | Ethosiwe | I-kastanethi eluhlaza | Indlela yaseZhejiang yomumo wakudala

7. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:

“Izinaliti zikaphayini” — umumo omusha kunayo yonke emibunjweni yakudala: Ngokungafani ne-Long Jing eyisicaba (eyaziwa kusukela ngoQing) noma i-Bi Luo Chun engenaziphetho (kusukela ngoKangxi), umumo othi “松针” ngendlela yawo yesimanje wasungulwa kuphela ngo-1958–1959 — okokuqala i-Yuhua Cha, kwabe sekuba yi-Ahnua Song Zhen. I-Enshi Yulu yayikhona nangaphambilini, kodwa yaqala ukuhlukaniswa “njengeninaliti” ngekhulu lama-20.
“Idobo lokuhlikihla” le-tiye: Ukubunjwa ngomshini kwe-Nanjing Yuhua Cha kusebenzisa isimiso sika-“搓衣板” (cuō yī bǎn, “ibhodi lokuhlikihla impahla”): iqabunga liginqelwa phakathi kwezindawo ezinamaqhuqhuva ezihamba ziye endaweni eyodwa, bese “lidingelwa” libe yizintambo eziqondile.
Umnini wekhono oyedwa — amakhilogremu angu-10 ngosuku: Ukubunjwa ngesandla kwe-Ahnua Song Zhen kunzima kangangokuba (imizuzu engu-40 yokuqhubeka ukugingqa ngezandla) kangangokuba ngisho nomnini wekhono onobuhlakani akakwazi ukwenza amakhilogremu angaphezu kwangu-10 ngosuku lomsebenzi. Lesi sigaba asikwazi ukwenziwa ngomshini, okwenza i-Ahnua Song Zhen yezinga eliphakeme ibe ngenye yamatiye “abunjwe ngesandla” kakhulu e-China.
Uphayini njengophawu: Emasikweni aseChina uphayini (松, sōng) — wuphawu lokuqina, impilo ende nokungagobi. Umumo “weninaliti kaphayini” awuthwali nje ubuhle kodwa nomthwalo ongokomfanekiso: itiye “elingaphuki” — njengophayini emoyeni. I-Nanjing Yuhua Cha isebenzisa ngqo lomfanekiso, inikezela umumo kubafel’ ukholo abangamavukelambuso.
Izindlela ezintathu zokumisa ubuluhlaza — umumo owodwa: “Izinaliti Ezintathu ZaseChina” — yisenzakalo esiyingqayizivele lapho izindlela ezintathu ezihluke ngokuphelele zokumisa ubuluhlaza (ukuthosa, ukubilisa ngomhwamuko, okuxubile) zihlangana emumeni ofanayo wokugcina. Lokhu kwenza “i-松针” ibe yisigaba semofoloji esiyingqayizivele: uma uzama zonke ezintathu, uzoqonda ukuthi umumo — “uyigobolondo” nje, kanti umphefumulo wetiye unqunywa ubuchwepheshe.

Ekuphetheni:

“Inaliti kaphayini” — kungomunye wemibunjwa emihle kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokobuchwepheshe yetiye laseChina eliluhlaza. Emumweni obonakala ulula — intambo eqondile ehle — kufihlwe amashumishumi emizuzu yokugingqwa ngezandla, izigubhu ezikhethekile zokubumba noma ukugingqa ngezigaba ezintathu. “Izinaliti Ezintathu ZaseChina” — i-Ahnua, i-Yuhua, i-Yulu — zibonisa ukuthi umumo ofanayo ungazwakala ngezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele kuye ngokuthi iqabunga lithosiwe, libilisiwe ngomhwamuko noma kusetshenziswe indlela exubile. Yenza “izinaliti” engilazini ecacile usebenzisa indlela yokuthela phezulu — futhi ubukele lapho izintambo eziqondile, ezihle zehlela kancane emanzini, zima ogwini futhi zidansa “ukudansa kwazo kwetiye”, okuyinto okwalungiselelwa yona umumo othi “松针”.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Umumo “weninaliti kaphayini” ugqugquzele ukwakhiwa kwembiza yetiye ekhethekile — izingilazi ezinomgodi omncane phansi (松针杯, sōngzhēn bēi), lapho “izinaliti” zima zibheke phansi, zidala umphumela “wehlathi likaphayini engilazini”. Lezi zingilazi zithandwa kakhulu eNanjing ukuze kunikezelwe nge-Yuhua Cha.

Ngo-2008 iqembu loososayensi baseJaphani bathola ukuthi umumo “weninanaliti” wenza izimo eziyingqayizivele zokulondoloza izinhlanganisela ze-ephunga elindizayo — isakhiwo esiminyene esibheke eceleni sisebenza njenge-capsule encane, ebamba amafutha ephunga ngaphakathi kweqabunga kuze kube yisikhathi sokubiliswa. Lokhu kuchaza iphunga elimnandi elikhethekile “lezinaliti” ezisezingeni.

Irekhodi lobude “benininaliti kaphayini” lingeleqoqo lokuhlola le-Ahnua Song Zhen lango-2019 — amaqabunga athile afinyelela ku-5.2 cm ngenkathi eligcine umumo oqondile osabekayo. Ubude obuvamile “bezinaliti” — 2.5-3.5 cm.

Kukhona inganekwane efana nesankondlo ngemvelaphi yomumo: umonkhi owayefihlile ehlane lezintaba zaseFurongshan (eHunani) wayecabanga ngokuzindla ngaphansi kophayini wasendulo futhi wabona ukuthi izinaliti zophayini eziwile zazihlala zisha isikhathi eside kunamacembe awileyo. Egqugquzeleke yilokhu kubona, waqala ukugingqa amaqabunga etiye abe ngumumo wezinaliti zikaphayini. Nakuba kuyinganekwane nje (umlando wangempela wokusungulwa ubhalwe phansi), lidlulisela kahle ifilosofi yomumo — ukuphokophela ukulondoloza ubusha namandla okuphila.

Emkhakheni wetiye kunomqondo “wesikhathi seninaliti” (针形时光, zhēnxíng shíguāng) — isimo esikhethekile sokuzindla esivela lapho ubukele ukwehla phansi kancane “kwezinaliti” engilazini ecacile. Abanye abanekhono le-gongfu cha bakholelwa ukuthi “izinaliti” ezenziwe ngendlela efanele zisiza “ekuqondiseni” imicabango njengoba nje kunjalo ngeqabunga eliqondisiwe uqobo.

11. Intengo Nokunama:

Ibanga lentengo “yezinaliti zikaphayini” lihluka kusuka ku-200 kuya ku-3000 yuan nge-catty ngayinye (500g) ngokuya ngohlobo oluthile, isizini yokukha kanye nezinga lobuhlakani. I-Ahnua Song Zhen yezandla ephakeme ingabiza ama-yuan angu-2000-3000, i-Nanjing Yuhua Cha yomshini — ama-yuan angu-300-800, i-Enshi Yulu — ama-yuan angu-500-1500 nge-catty ngayinye.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokunama: ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo okrwada wasehlobo noma wasekwindla esikhundleni sikasentwasahlobo (kubonakala ngokuqina kweqabunga nephunga elincane), ukubunjwa kokwenziwa kwetiye eliluhlaza elivamile libe “yizinaliti” ngaphandle kokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe (lezi “zinaliti” ezinjalo ziyagqabuka masinyane lapho kwenziwa), ukudayiswa “kwezinaliti” zezifunda ezingaziwa kangako ngaphansi kwegama “lezinaliti Ezintathu ZaseChina”.

Izimpawu zobuqiniso: ukujiya okulinganayo “kwezinaliti” kulo lonke ubude, ubukhazikhazi obuyimvelo obungenawo umuthi wokuthambisa, ukuphola kwalapho zicindezelwa kancane (“izinaliti” ezisezingeni ziyabuyela emuva, aziphuki), iphunga elingokwemvelo lohlobo ngalunye. I-Yuhua Cha yoqobo inesitifiketi semvelaphi yaseNanjing, i-Enshi Yulu — inokuvikeleka okungokoqobo emaphaketheni.

Lapho uthenga cela ukunambitha: okunamayo kulahlekelwa umumo masinyane emanzini ashisayo, kunika ukuphuza okufiphele nokunambitheka okuyisicaba. “Izinaliti” ezisezingeni zigcina umumo nangemva kwama-donswa angu-5-6. Xwaya “izinaliti” eziluhlaza ngokugqamile — kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe imibala. Umbala wemvelo kufanele ube ojulile, kodwa oyimvelo, uvame ukuba noboya obusiliva ngaphezulu.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukugcinwa okufanele kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni umumo nezinga “lezinaliti zikaphayini”. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo esintekenteke nezinga eliphansi lokuvutshelwa (ngaphansi kwama-5%) lamatiye azwela kakhulu ezintweni ezingaphandle. Izimo ezifanele: izinga lokushisa 0-5°C, umswakamo 50-60%, ukungabibikho kwaphelele kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle.

Iphakheji enhle kakhulu — izikhwama ze-aluminium ezivaleke kahle ezinogqinsi lwangaphakathi lwepulasitiki yokudla, ezifakwe ezitsheni zensimbi noma zobumba. Iphakheji engenawo umoya ayinconywa — ingalimaza “izinaliti” ezintekenteke. Ezingeni lokushisa legumbi isikhathi sokugcina asidluli izinyanga eziyisithupha, efrijini — kuze kube izinyanga ezingu-18.

Into encane ebalulekile: emva kokukhipha efrijini vumela ipakethe ukuthi lishise lifike ezingeni lokushisa legumbi (amahora angu-2-3) ngaphambi kokulivula — lokhu kuvimbela ukujiya komswakama emaqabungeni abandayo efrijini. Iphakheji evuliwe kufanele isetshenziswe emasontweni angu-2-3, igcinwe ethinini elivalwe ngokuqinile kude neziphuzo ezinamakha, ikhofi, neminye imikhiqizo enephunga elimnandi.

Izimpawu zokonakala: ukulahleka kombala oluhlaza ojwayelekile (ukushintshashintsha), ukuvela kwephunga elibi, ukuphuka nokuphuka kwezicucu “zezinaliti”. Itiye eligcinwe ngendlela efanele kufanele libe “nezinaliti” eziphambene, eziphelele ezinobukhazikhazi obuyimvelo kanye nephunga elisha. Musa ukugcina izinhlobo ezahlukene “zezinaliti” esitsheni esisodwa — amaphunga azo angasetsheka.

9. Ukwenziwa:

Ukwenza itiye lomumo othi “inaliti kaphayini” kudinga indlela ekhethekile, ebona imofoloji yalo eyingqayizivele. Indlela yakudala — “ukuthela phezulu” (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ): kuqala kufakwa amanzi asezingeni lokushisa elingu-80-85 °C (ezathosiwe) noma 85-90 °C (ezibilisiwe ngomhwamuko) esitsheni, bese kungancikiswa itiye. Lokhu kugwema ukuphuka “kwezinaliti” ezintekenteke nokubona “umdanso wetiye” odumile (茶舞, cháwǔ).

Isilinganiso esihle — amagremu angu-3 ku-150 ml wamanzi. Engilazini ecacile ukwenziwa kokuqala kuthatha amasekhondi angu-60-90, e-gaiwan ngendlela yokudonsa — amasekhondi angu-15-30. Into ebalulekile: “izinaliti” zivuleka kancane kunamatiye ayisicaba noma angenaziphetho, ngakho-ke ungasheshi ukuchitha ukuncika kokuqala.

Kuma-“zinaliti” abilisiwe ngomhwamuko (i-Enshi Yulu, i-Xin Linyulu) kunconywa “ukuvuswa” (醒茶, xǐng chá) ngaphambili — ukugquma ngamanzi angu-60 °C okwemizuzwana engu-3-5. Lokhu kuvula iphunga ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuncika kokuqala. Ama-“zinaliti” athosiwe (i-Yuhua Cha, i-Ahnua Song Zhen) awadingi ukuvuswa.

Isici sokwenziwa e-gaiwan: sebenzisa indlela “yokudonsa okusheshayo” (快出水, kuài chūshuǐ), ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphuza ngakunye okulandelayo ngamasekhondi angu-5-10. Ama-“zinaliti” ezisezingeni amelana namadonswa angu-5-8, ehlonzanisa izici ezahlukene zokunambitheka kancane kancane. Amanzi kufanele athambe (ubulukhuni bungekho ngaphezu kwe-3 mg-eq/l), amanzi entwasahlobo yasezintabeni asebenza kahle noma amanzi asesikhwameni anekhwalithi.

8. Izinzuzo Ezingaba Khona:

Amatiye omumo othi “inaliti kaphayini” agcina zonke izinzuzo zasendulo zetiye eliluhlaza, kanti ubunyoninco bomumo nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kudala ezinye izici. Isakhiwo esiminyene esibheke eceleni “sezinaliti” sisiza ekugcineni kangcono ama-polyphenols nama-amino acid ngaphakathi kweqabunga, okuqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwawo kancane lapho kwenziwa.

Izakhi eziyinhloko ezisebenzayo zihlanganisa ama-catechins (儿茶素, érchásù) — kuze kufinyelele ku-15-20% wesisindo esomile, phakathi kwawo i-EGCG (i-epigallocatechin gallate) enezimpawu ezigqamile zokulwa ne-oxidation. Okuqukethwe yi-theanine (茶氨酸, cháānsuān) kuma-“zinaliti” kuphakeme ngokukhethekile — umumo usiza ekugcinweni kwayo. I-Theanine ibhekene nomphumela wokuthulisa kanye nokunambitheka okubonakala “njenge-umami”, okuqaqambile ikakhulukazi ezindleleni ezibilisiwe ngomhwamuko (i-Enshi Yulu).

I-caffeine (咖啡因, kāfēiyīn) ikhona ngokuhlangana okungu-2-4%, okuvamile etiyeni eliluhlaza. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuma-“zinaliti” i-caffeine ikhululwa kancane ngenxa yesakhiwo esiminyene seqabunga, okunikeza umphumela othulisa omuhle futhi oqhubekayo onemphetho egqamile. UVithamini C ulondolozwa kangcono kuma-“zinaliti” abilisiwe ngomhwamuko (kuze kufinyelele ku-250 mg/100g e-Enshi Yulu), kunakwezindlelakuthosa.

Imiphumela ekhethekile “yezinaliti zikaphayini”: ukwenza ngcono ukugxilisa ingqondo ngaphandle kokwethuka ngokweqile (ngenxa yokulinganisela kwe-caffeine ne-theanine), ukuvikela ngokulwa ne-oxidation kwamangqamuzana, ukusekela i-metabolism yamafutha, umphumela omuhle wokuqhambukisa ukuchama. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kunomthelela ekwehliseni izinga lama-cholesterol “amabi” nokwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile umfutho wegazi. Umumo “wezinaliti” uhlinzeka ngokukhishwa okuhle kwezakhi eziwusizo lapho wenziwa ngendlela efanele.