Shuāngjǐng lǜ

I-skrulwe emagqagala itiyeni eliluhlaza elisuka eSifundeni saseXiushui enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Jiangxi, igama layo lihlala lihlotshaniswa nedolobhana laseShuangjing kanye nesazi sezincwadi saseSung u-Huang Tingjian, owawubiza ngo-草茶第一 — “okokuqala phakathi kwamatiye asendle”.

1. Ukwahlukaniswa kanye Nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza.
• Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza eliskrulwe elinoboya obumpofu eligazingiwe epanini (炒青, okumise okungu-卷曲显毫 — okuskrulwe, amaqabunga agobile anoboya besiliva obuvela ngokuchichimayo 毫).
• Umsuka: ISifunda saseXiushui (修水) esifundeni saseJiujiang (九江), enyakatho-ntshonalanga ekude yesifundazwe sase-Jiangxi, endaweni enezintaba namagquma ngasemfuleni ongenhla we-Xiu (修河).
• I-Cultivar: I-Ningzhou yezinhlobo eziyindabuko (níngzhōu qúntǐ zhǒng) - inhlanganisela yembewu yasendaweni yase-Xiushui.
• Izinga: Elimaphakathi - itiye elinegama eliqinisekisiwe, kodwa ngaphandle kwesimangalo se-”zinga eliphezulu” njengamarekhodi e-amino acid afana ne-Baojing Huangjin Cha yase-Hunan.

Lelo gama ngokwalo libuyela edolobhaneni laseShuangjing — “Imithombo Engaphindwe Kabili”: indawo enesiko elide letiye, lapho ngezikhathi ze-Sung (宋) kwakulinywa itiye lentwasahlobo elicwengekile. I-Xiushui iyisikhungo somlando sokulima itiye e-Jiangxi, esaziwa ngegama layo elidala elithi Ningzhou (宁州). Leli gama lendawo lisaphila nanamuhla egameni letiye elibomvu lendawo elidumile i-Ninghong (宁红) futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu esihlokweni sethu, egameni lenhlanganisela yetiye lendawo — i-Ningzhou yezinhlobo eziyindabuko. Ngaphakathi komzila wetiye eliluhlaza lase-”Huxiang” (Hunan - Jiangxi), i-双井绿 ithatha indawo yetiye elinomlando kodwa elaziwa endaweni ngezinga elimaphakathi: akulona uhlobo oludayisa kakhulu ezingeni likahulumeni, kodwa ukuziqhenya kwendawo okunohlu lozalo lwezincwadi.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Ingcebo enkulu ye-双井绿 akuyona i-agroteknoloji, kodwa izincwadi. Idolobhana laseShuangjing e-Xiushui liyikhaya lokhokho lika-Huang Tingjian (黄庭坚), omunye wezimbongi ezinkulu nababhali be-calligraphy benkathi yeNyakatho ye-Sung. Igama lakhe iyona ehlotshaniswa nefomula ethi 草茶第一 — “okokuqala phakathi kwamatiye asendle” (草茶, “itiye lezitshalo / lasendle”, ngokwamatemu e-Sung yayiqhathaniswa namatiye acindezelwe 团茶/片茶).

Itiye laseShuangjing laphinde ladunyiswa ngezinye izihlabani zesayensi ye-Sung — u-Su Shi (苏轼) no-Ouyang Xiu (欧阳修). Ngesiko letiye laseShayina, lesi yisenzakalo esingajwayelekile lapho itiye elithile lendawo lifakwa ezincwadini ezinkulu ezisezingeni eliphezulu: ukukhankanywa ezinkondlweni zongqondongqondo be-Sung kwaqinisekisa isikhundla se-Shuangjing njengetiye elinomlando ngaphambi kokuvela kwamazinga esimanje kanye nezimpawu zokuhweba.

I-双井绿 yesimanje ingumkhiqizo we-”名优” ovuselelwe (itiye eliqokiwe lekhwalithi), elincike kule nkumbulo yezincwadi kanye nasekusekelweni kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-Ningzhou eziyindabuko ezisasele e-Xiushui.

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Impahla eluhlaza ye-双井绿 inikezwa yi-Ningzhou yezinhlobo eziyindabuko (níngzhōu qúntǐ zhǒng) - inhlanganisela yembewu yasendaweni yase-Xiushui. Lokhu akukhona ukukhethwa kwe-clonal, kodwa iqembu lezihlahla ezihlukene ngokomlando, ezijwayele inhlabathi nesimo sezulu sendawo.

I-Ningzhou yezinhlobo eziyindabuko exhuma i-Xiushui efindeni elilodwa le-terroir: ngokomlando, ukwenziwa kwetiye elibomvu lendawo kwakhelwe phezu kwayo, futhi amahlumela antengantengi asentwasahlobo ohlobo olufanayo asetshenziselwa itiye eliluhlaza i-双井绿. Izinhlobo zomdabu zibonakala ngokungafani kwamaqabunga, iphunga elihlukile le-cultivar, kanye nesilinganiso esiphezulu sama-buds asenesikhathi ane-fuzz enhle - okunquma ukubukeka kwetiye eseliphelelisiwe.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokulima:

Ikhaya le-双井绿 yiSifunda saseXiushui (修水), enyakatho-ntshonalanga ekude yesifundazwe sase-Jiangxi, endaweni enezintaba namagquma ngasemfuleni ongenhla we-Xiu (修河). Isimo sezulu lapha siyi-subtropical monsoon, enenkungu eningi ezigodini nasemithambekeni, izintwasahlobo ezimaphakathi, nomswakama owanele - izimo lapho ama-buds asentwasahlobo asenesikhathi aqongelela ama-amino acid futhi agcine ubumnene.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-双井绿 ingeyesigaba se-炒青 - amatiye aluhlaza agazingwe epanini, futhi ikhiqizwa ngendlela ye-卷曲显毫: amaqabunga atiyeleni askrulwe agobile anoboya besiliva obuvela ngokuchichimayo (毫). Umugqa wobuchwepheshe oyisisekelo wetiye eliluhlaza uyalandeleka nalapha:

• Ukuvuna (采摘): impahla esezingeni eliphezulu i-pre-Qingming (明前), okusho ukuthi ivunwa ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming, kusuka kuma-buds amnene awodwa kanye namahlumela “nesaqebengane esisodwa”. Ukuvuna kusenesikhathi kuqinisekisa isilinganiso esiphezulu sama-amino acid, i-fuzz ecwengile, kanye nokunambitheka okusha.
• Ukuqinisa Ukuluhlaza (杀青): ukushisisa epanini kumisa i-enzymatic oxidation futhi kuqinise umbala oluhlaza kanye nephunga elisha. Lo umehluko oyinhloko wendlela ye-炒青 kusuka ekuqinisweni kwe-steam (蒸青), okudume nge-Enshi Yulu yase-Hubei engumakhelwane.
• Ukuskrola nokubumba (揉捻/做形): kulesi sigaba, iqabunga lithola ukuma okugobile-okuskrulwe, futhi i-fuzz “idonselwa” ngaphandle, yakhe uboya obubonakalayo.
• Ukomisa/Ukomisa Okwengeziwe (干燥): ukugazinga kokugcina-ukomisa okwengeziwe kwehlisa umswakama ube sezingeni elizinzile, kuqinise ukuma, futhi kwembula ukufudumala kwephunga le-”roasted chestnut”, okuvamile ematiyeni aluhlaza agazingiwe.

6. Izici Ezithinta Izimvo Zomzimba:

Enkomishini, i-双井绿 inikeza iphrofayili evamile ye-炒青 eskrulwe enoboya: ukungena kwamanzi okusha, okunambitheka okumnene okumnandi okunohlaza oluhlanzekile kanye nenothi elifudumele lokugazinga. Uboya obuningi lapho kugalelwa amanzi adala ukuhlanjululwa okulula kokungena kwamanzi - uphawu oluvamile lwempahla eluhlaza emnene ye-pre-Qingming, hhayi isici esingalungile.

9. Ukuyenza:

Iziphakamiso zokuyenza zilandela imithetho ejwayelekile yamatiye aluhlaza amnene:

• Amanzi: athambile, apholiswe cishe ezingeni lika-80 — 85 °C; amanzi abilayo “ashisa” ama-buds amnene futhi anikeze ukubaba.
• Isitsha: ingilazi noma i-gaiwan — ingilazi ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke “umdanso” wamaqabunga etiye nokuqhakaza kwamahlumela.
• Umthamo wesikhashana nesikhathi: umthamo omncane wamacembe, izikhathi zokuqala zokugalela ezimfushane; itiye likwazi ukumelana nokugalelwa okuningana, kancane kancane likhiphe ubumnandi.
• Indlela Yokugcwalisa: ngokuphathelene nezinto ezinoboya obumnene, ukugalela “phezulu” noma “phakathi” kufanelekile, ukuze kungabi “nehlula” ama-buds.

11. Intengo Nezingozi Zomgunyathi:

Ukuze ungaqhubi udide i-双井绿 nomakhelwane bayo ochungechungeni lwetiye eliluhlaza lase-Jiangxi-Hunan, kuncike ezicini ezimbalwa.

• Isimo: esiskrulwe-sigobile esinoboya (卷曲显毫) — lokhu kuhlukanisa i-双井绿 kumatiye ayisicaba afana ne-longjing nawomumo oqinile wenaliti. Kusuka ku-安化松针 emise okwenaliti (Hunan) futhi nakakhulu “kunalithi kaphayini” we-steam i-恩施玉露 (Hubei), i-双井绿 ihlukaniswa ncamashi ukuma oku-curly kanye nobuchwepheshe bokugazinga.
• Indlela: i-炒青 (ukugazinga epanini), hhayi i-烘青 (ukomiswa kwe-oven) futhi hhayi i-蒸青 (ukuqiniswa kwe-steam). Yingakho kunephunga elifudumele, elifana “ne-roasted chestnut” kunamatiye e-”cloud-mist” ahlanzekile ase-Hunan aqashwe e-oven.
• Umsuka ne-cultivar: I-Jiangxi, iSifunda saseXiushui (修水, ngokomlando i-Ning州), i-cultivar i-Ningzhou yezinhlobo eziyindabuko. Lokhu kuhlobanisa itiye ne-terroir efanayo ne-Ninghong ebomvu. Ngaphakathi kwe-Jiangxi, i-双井绿 akufanele ididaniswe ne-eyebrow-shaped i-婺源茗眉 (Wuyuan, i-cultivar i-Shangmeizhou/inyambalala yase-Wuyuan) noma neskrulwe esinoboya i-狗牯脑 (Suichuan, i-cultivar inyambalala yase-Suichuan): ngayinye inenhlanganisela yayo yasendaweni kanye nomlando wayo.
• Umongo wenganekwane: “ikheli” langempela letiye yidolobhana laseShuangjing kanye negama lika-Huang Tingjian. Ifomula ethi 草茶第一 kanye nozalo lwezinkondlo ze-Sung “yi-pasipoti” yamasiko yaleli tiye, hhayi isitembu sokumaketha sasemuva.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Kanjalo, i-双井绿 ivela njengetiye elinobunjalo obukabili: ngakolunye uhlangothi — 炒青 evamile eskrulwe enoboya yezinga elimaphakathi evela ezintabeni zaseXiushui; ngakolunye uhlangothi — umphathi wesinye sezindumiso “zombhali” zokuqala emlandweni wetiye laseShayina, eziqinisekiswe ngokubhalwa kongqondongqondo be-Sung.