Shòuméi Lǎo Chá · new.thetea.app

I-Shòuméi Lǎo Chá iyi-itiye elimhlophe eligugile elenziwe ngeqabunga elivuthiwe kanye neziqu eziqinile. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ze-itiye endala emhlophe: umhluzi uyajiya futhi ubusagolide, iphunga livama ukuba yinyosi, izithelo ezomisiwe kanye namakhambi afudumele, futhi itiye lilungele ukuphekwa ngephoyinti lokuvutha noma ukufakwa kufleski elishisayo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nomdabu:

Uhlobo: Itiye elimhlophe eligugile.
Isigaba: Itiye elimhlophe elinamahlamvu (Shòuméi), eseligogeke (ngokuvamile iminyaka engu-3 nangaphezulu, uvame ukuthola u-5–7+ ukuze kube nephrofayili egqamile ‘endala’).
Umndeni: ngokuvamile eFujian (Fuding/Zhenghe) njengezikhungo eziyinhloko, kodwa emakethe kutholakala nezinye izifunda.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: cishe 27° N, 119–120° E (yezibonelo zaseFujian).
Incazelo ka-Lǎo Chá (老茶): ‘itiye elidala’, elinokuguquka okukhulu kwephunga nokunambitha ngenxa yesikhathi sokugcinwa.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umongo wamasiko: uma umusho othi ‘itiye elimhlophe lingagugelwa’ ukhona ngokwesisindo, lokho kusebenza kakhulu ku-Shòuméi. Ilula ukubona ukuguquka okuya ebumnandini ‘okuyi-compote’.
Igama:
- 寿眉 (Shòuméi) — ‘amashiya okuphila isikhathi eside’ (isithombe sesiko).
- 老茶 (Lǎo Chá) — ‘itiye elidala’.
Isizathu sothando: i-Shòuméi egugile ngokuvamile inambitheka kakhulu ngentengo efikelelekayo futhi iyaxolela amaphutha okwenziwa ngephuzu lokupheka kunamatiye amadala aqhamuka emahlumela.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: amaqabunga avuthiwe + iziqu eziqinile (kuya ngeqoqo). Lokhu kusho:
- ukukhipheka okuphezulu;
- ubumnandi obugqamile lapho kuphekwa;
- ukuqina okuhle ngesikhathi eside sokugcinwa.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo: zincike esifundeni; okwasendulo e-Fujian kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ‘ezimhlophe’ kanye/noma izinhlobo zendawo ezihlangene.
Iminyaka: iphrofayili yangempela incike hhayi enanini, kodwa ekuhlanzekeni kokugcinwa: ukoma nokungabi namaphunga kubaluleke ukwedlula ‘indondo yeminyaka’.

4. Indawo Nokukhula:

Indawo yokugcina ibaluleke ngaphezu kwendawo yensimu: ku-Shòuméi egugile umbuzo omkhulu wukuthi ibigcinwe kanjani. Ukuswakama namaphunga angaphandle kulimaza ngokushesha isigaba samahlamvu.
Izimo ezifanele: indawo eyomile nezinzile, amaphunga angathathi hlangothi, nokungabikhona ukushisa ngokweqile.
Ubudala buvela kanjani: iminyaka engu-3–5 — ubunzulu obunjengenyosi nobutshani; iminyaka engu-7+ — ngokuvamile kuba nomugqa ‘woshukela wamakhiwane’ (枣香) nobumnandi obujiyile obuyi-compote.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe oluyisisekelo: ukuvuna → ukubuna → ukomiswa.
Ukugugela: ukugcinwa iminyaka eminingana. Ku-Shòuméi, ukucindezelwa kuvame kakhulu — kulula futhi kusiza ekuguqukeni okulinganayo.
Ukuqinisa: ngaphambi kokugcinwa isikhathi eside, abakhiqizi ngezinye izikhathi benza ukomiswa okuphansi/ukufudumeza okuncane (ngaphandle ‘kokushisa’ okukhulu) ukuze kwehliselwe ubungozi bokuswakama.
Isimo: itiye elixubile, ikhekheba elicindezelwe, izitini.

6. Izimpawu Zokuqonda:

Iqabunga elomile: liba mnayama kakhulu kuneli-lisha; imibala esukela kokunsundu ngokukhanyayo kuye kokunsundu ngokumnyama.
Iphunga: uju, izithelo ezomisiwe, ikhiwane/izithelo ezomile, amakhambi afudumele, ngezinye izikhathi kuba nokhuni olulula.
Ukunambitha: kuyajiya, kuyindilinga, kumnandi; ubumuncu buncane kakhulu, uma ukugcinwa bekome.
Umhluzi: ubusagolide, ngezinye izikhathi ubomvu kancane.
Ukunambitheka okusemva: okude, ‘okufudumele’, okuyi-compote.

7. Isakhi Sezamakhemikhali:

Ukugugela kwetiye elimhlophe kuwukuguqulwa okuhamba kancane okwemvelo (uketshezi, i-polymerization nokuhlelwa kabusha kwephrofayili yephunga). Kubalulekile ukuqaphela: izinguquko eziqondene kwincike ezintweni zokusetshenziswa, esimweni (okuxubile/okucindezelwe), emswakameni nasekushiseni kokugcinwa.

Imikhuba evamile yetiye elimhlophe eligugile:

umhluzi okhanyayo uya ngapha nangapha ube busagolide ngenxa yegolide;
amanothi amasha ‘alwuhlaza’ alahlekelwa yithuba kuvela uju, izithelo ezomisiwe, amakhambi anamakha, nokhuni oluncane;
ubumuncu obukhulu buyehla, kukhule ubujiyile nobundilinga bokunambitha ngenxa yokukhula kwesahlulelo sezakhi ze-phenolic ezi-polymerised kanye nokukhipheka;
ematiyeni anamaqabunga amakhulu neziqu eziqinile (isib, i-Shòuméi) kuvela kakhulu ama-pectin nobumnandi ‘obuyi-compote’, ikakhulukazi lapho kubiliswa.

I-itiye elimhlophe lihlonishwa ngokucutshungulwa ngobunono: izinto zokusetshenziswa cishe azithinteki ngomshini noma ukushisa, ngakho emhluzini kugcinwa kahle izakhi zemvelo zeqabunga.

Ama-polyphenol (kuhlanganise nama-catechin): akha amandla e-antioxidant kanye nobumuncu obuncane.
Ama-amino acid (kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine): anesibopho sobmnandi, ubuthakathaka kanye nomuzwa ‘womumo’.
I-caffeine: ngokuvamile isebenza ngobumnene kunakumatiye aluhlaza nawubomvu, kodwa izinga lincike engxenyeni yamahlumela nobusha beqabunga.
Izithako eziphunga kamnandi: etiyeni elisha zinikeza imibala yezimbali zasendle, utshani obusha, i-apula eliluhlaza; lapho zikhulile ziguqukela ejujini, ezithelweni ezomisiwe nasezitshalweni.
Ama-pectin noshukela oncibilikayo emanzini: kukhulisa ‘ubushelelezi’ nobundilinga bokunambitha (ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezinengxenye enkulu yamaqabunga neziqu).

8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:

I-itiye elimhlophe ngokwesiko lifakwa ohlwini lweziphuzo ezinomphumela wokuvuselela omncane nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-antioxidant. Nokho, itiye aliyena umuthi, futhi noma yimiphi ‘imiphumela yokwelapha’ evela ezincazelweni zokumaketha kufanele ibhekwe ngokucophelela.

Izakhi ezingaba nombaluleko (ngaphakathi kokusetshenziswa okunengqondo):

Ukwesekwa kwe-antioxidant: ama-polyphenol asiza ekwehliseni ingcindezi eyi-oxidative.
Ukuhlazeka okuncane ngaphandle ‘kokushisa ngokweqile’: inhlanganisela ye-caffeine ne-theanine kubantu abaningi inikeza ukugxila okulinganayo.
Ukwesekwa kokugaya ukudla: umhluzi ofudumele uvame ukubonwa njengokwethembeka emva kokudla (ikakhulukazi amatiye amhlophe agugile).
Umlomo: ukuphuza itiye njalo kungasiza ekuhlanzekeni ngenxa yephrofayili yama-polyphenol.

Imikhawulo:

uma uzwa ubuhlungu nge-caffeine kungcono ungaphuzi itiye elimhlophe ebusuku kakhulu;
ezifweni zesisu nasesikhathini sokukhulelwa kungcono ukuxoxa indlela yokusetshenziswa nodokotela.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–100 °C (itiye elimhlophe eligugile ngokuvamile livuleka kangcono emanzini ashisayo).
Isilinganiso: 5–7 g ngo-150–200 ml uma udonsa; ukupheka 2–3 g ngo-500 ml.
Ukudonsa: 15–25 imizuzwana ekudoseni kokuqala, bese ukwengeza. Itiye elimhlophe eligugile elihle likwazi ukumelana no-6–10 wokudonsa.
Ukupheka (uma kunesidingo): kusebenza kahle kakhulu ku-Shòuméi nase-Bái Mǔ Dān egugile. Thela itiye ngamanzi abandayo, ulilethe ekubiliseni, bese ulincibilikisa imizuzu engu-3–8 emlilweni ophansi. Lungisa ngokokunambitha kwakho.

I-phuzu elibalulekile: uma itiye ligcinwe isikhathi eside emaphakethengini aqinile, liyekele ‘liphefumule’ imizuzu engu-10–20 ngaphambi kokuphuzwa.

  **Indlela engcono yokwembula i-Shòuméi endala:** ukupheka noma ufleski. Lena ngenye yamatiye aseShayina ‘awasekhishini’ kakhulu: liyazwana nokugcwalisa isikhathi eside.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukugugela kwetiye elimhlophe kungenzeka kokubili esimweni esixubile nasekucindezelweni. Inhloso enkulu — indawo eyomile nezinzile.

Umswakama: gwema ukuswakama (umswakama omningi = ingozi yokubola).
Isitsha sokugcina: ekugugeleni kuvame ukukhethwa ukumboza ngephepha + ibhokisi/ikhabethe, noma ukupakishwa ‘okuphefumulayo’. Ekugcinweni kwasekhaya kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa isitsha esivaleka ngokuqinile, kodwa itiye liphuzisha ukuguga.
Ukushisa: izinga lokushisa lasekamelweni, ngaphandle kokushisa ngokweqile nelanga eliqondile.
Amaphunga: akukho izinongo noma amakhemikhali asendlini eduze.

Ukuhlola: kanye ngezinyanga ezimbalwa kufanele ulihlole itiye ngokubuka nangephunga (ikakhulukazi elicindezelwe).

  **Uma uthenga i-Shòuméi ukuze igugelwe:** khetha itiye elingenazimpawu zokuswakama futhi uligcine endaweni ehlukile kunezinye izinto ezinamaphunga.

11. Intengo Namanga:

I-Shòuméi endala ingahluka kakhulu ngentengo kuye ngeminyaka nobuhlobo. Kodwa into ebaluleke kunazo zonke — ikhwalithi yokugcinwa.

    Entengweni yetiye elimhlophe, okuthonya kakhulu yizinga lezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuvunwa ngesandla, izimo zezulu zesizini, idumela lomkhiqizi kanye ‘nokuhlanzeka’ komdabu (umzana/igquma elithile).

Izingozi ezijwayelekile:

ukushintshwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa (isib., ‘izinaliti ezisiliva’ ezakhiwe ngamahlumela amakhulu noma ezivela kwenye indawo);
ukufakwa kwephunga (uma itiye liphunga ‘njengekholoni’, i-vanillin noma izithelo ezikhanyayo — lokho kuyisizathu sokuqaphala);
ukomiswa ngokweqile/ukushiswa ngokweqile (kuvala amaphutha ezintweni zokusetshenziswa, kunikeza amanothi okubhakwa nobulukhuni obunzima);
izinganekwane zokumaketha esikhundleni semininingwane ecacile: unyaka wokuvuna, isifunda, uhlobo lwamahlumela, ubuchwepheshe.

Okusiza ekukhetheni:

imininingwane esobala ngezinto zokusetshenziswa nesifunda;
iqabunga elomile liphelele, ngaphandle kothuli nezinsalela;

iphunga elihlanzekile ngaphandle kokunuka kwekhathazo ‘negumbi elingaphansi’ (kwagugile — kuvunyelwe inothi elincane lokhuni notshani, kodwa hhayi ukubola).

  **Ungahlukanisa kanjani i-Shòuméi endala enhle:**
  * iphunga elifudumele nelihlanzekile (uju/izithelo ezomisiwe/amakhambi), ngaphandle kokubola ‘negumbi elingaphansi’;
  * umhluzi ucwebile, ngaphandle kokungcolisa;
  * ukunambitha kuyajiya, kodwa akumunyu.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-Shòuméi egugile — ngelinye lamatiye amhlophe angcono kakhulu ebusika: ‘iyafudumeza’ ngenxa yokunambitha, kodwa ihlala ithambile.
I-Shòuméi endala ivame ukuba ‘itiye lasekhaya’ emindenini: liyaphekwa, lithathwa kufleski elishisayo, lenziwa emaqhweni amakhulu.
Kuyi-Shòuméi lapho kulula kakhulu ukubona umphumela wokugugela kwetiye elimhlophe: ukuguquka kuyabonakala kakade ngemva kweminyaka engu-1–2.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa: i-Shòuméi endala vs i-Bái Mǔ Dān endala:

Shòuméi: ubujiyile obukhulu, i-compote/ikhiwane, ilungele ukupheka nofleski elishisayo.
Bái Mǔ Dān: ilinganiselwe ngaphezulu, ‘iphakeme’ ngephunga, umugqa omncane wezinyosi nowamakhambi.
Ukukhetha: uma udinga ‘ukufudumeza ngeqhugwane’ — i-Shòuméi; uma ufuna ukulingana nephunga — i-Bái Mǔ Dān.

14. Amaphutha Ekwenzeni I-itiye nasekugcinweni:

Ngisho ne-itiye elimhlophe elisezingeni eliphezulu kungenzeka ‘liphuke’ ngobuchwepheshe.

Amanzi ashisayo kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezintekenteke: amatiye aqhamuka emahlumela (ikakhulukazi i-Yín Zhēn) emanzini abilayo alahlekelwa ubumbaxambaxa futhi anikeze ukumunca okunzima.
Ukudosa kokuqala okude: itiye elimhlophe livuleka kancane kancane; kungcono ukwenza ukudonsa okufushane bese ukwengeza isikhathi.
Ukungashisisi ngokwanele ematiyeni agugile nacindezelwe: ngokuphambene, itiye elimhlophe elidala nokucindezelwa okuqinile ngokuvamile kudinga u-95–100 °C, ngaphandle kwalokho ukunambitha kuyoba yisicaba.
Ukugcinwa eduze namaphunga: itiye elimhlophe ‘limunca’ ngokushesha ikhishi, izinongo kanye namakhemikhali asendlini.
Ukudida ‘okusha vs okugugile’: ukulindela ‘uhlaza lwasentwasahlobo’ etiyeni elimhlophe elidala kuyiphutha; ukubaluleka kwalo kusenyonini, ezithelweni ezomisiwe nasebujiyeleni obumnene.

Uma ukunambitha kubonakala kungenalutho — zama:

ukwandisa isilinganiso ngo-1–2 g;
ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa ngo-5 °C (noma, ngokuphambene, ukulinciphisa ematiyeni aqhamuka emahlumela);
ukunciphisa isikhathi sokudonsa kokuqala bese unikeza amadonsa amaningi alandelanayo.

15. Ukucindezelwa nokugugela:

I-itiye elimhlophe — ngelinye lamatiye amancane aseShayina akhona ngobuningi esimweni esixubile nasekucindezelweni (ikhekheba, izitini).

Kungani kucindezelwa itiye elimhlophe

Ukunethezeka kokugcinwa nokuthutha: umthamo omncane, izinsalela ezimbalwa.
Ukugugela okulinganayo: ekucindezelweni itiye liphuzisa ukuguga futhi ngokuvamile likhula ‘lilinganisele’ ngaphezulu, ngoba iqabunga lithintana nomoya kancane.
Ukunambitha: ekucindezelweni kuvame ukuba nobujiyile ‘be-compote’ obuningi kanye namanothi aphezulu anciphe.

Okuxubile vs okucindezelwe — yini okufanele uyikhethe

Okuxubile kungcono uma ufuna iphunga elikhulu khona manje (ikakhulukazi amatiye aqhamuka emahlumela amasha).
Okucindezelwe kunethezeka uma uhlela ukugcina, ukugugela, ukupheka noma ukuphuza itiye njalo ngamanani amakhulu.

Indlela efanele yokuhlukanisa itiye ekhekhebeni

sebenzisa ummese wetiye omncane/umshini wokugqobhoza futhi usebenze ngezendlalelo, ungagqazi itiye libe yimpuphu;
uma ukucindezelwa kuqinile kakhulu, lungalivumela ‘liphumule’ ngemva kokuvula iphakethe izinsuku ezi-1–2 endaweni eyomile nengathathi hlangothi — iqabunga liyoba yiplastiki ngaphezulu;
zama ukulondoloza izingcezu ezinkulu: kanjalo ukunambitha kuyokuhlanzeka futhi kube mnene ngaphezulu.

Okubalulekile: ukucindezelwa ‘akwenzeli itiye libe ngcono’ ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma izinto zokusetshenziswa zangempela noma ukugcinwa kukubi, ikhekheba lizomane livaliwe inkinga.

16. Itiye lishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

Ukugugela kwetiye elimhlophe akufanele kube ‘kumashumi eminyaka’. Ngisho nasezimeni zasekhaya izinguquko ziyabonakala ngokushesha.

0–12 izinyanga (ngomqondo othile ‘Xīn Chá’)

kukhonya izimbali, utshani obusha, utshani;
umhluzi ukhanyayo;
kungcono amazinga okushisa aphansi nokudonsa okufushane (ikakhulukazi i-Yín Zhēn).

Iminyaka engu-1–3

uhlaza olusha luba nokuthula ngaphezulu;
kuvela uju oluningi, ikhasi lezithelo;
ukunambitha kuyindilinga, ubumuncu obukhulu buyehla.

Iminyaka engu-3–7 (ngokuvamile lokhu okwaziwa ngokuthi ‘Lǎo Chá’ emakethe)

umhluzi uba mnyama ngokusobala ube yigolide;
umugqa wezithelo ezomisiwe uyakhula, kuvela amanothi ezitshalo nezinongo;
izigaba zamahlamvu (i-Shòuméi) zilukhethekile ‘ziyaxubana’.

Iminyaka engu-7+

iphrofayili iba nokufudumala nokujula okwengeziwe: amakhambi awomile, ukhuni, ikhiwane/izithelo ezomile;
itiye livame ukuba lihle kakhulu ukulipheka.

Umbandela owodwa: ukugcinwa okomile nokungabikhona kwamaphunga. Ekugcinweni okumanzi ‘ubudala’ buphenduka buphutha (ukubola/ubumunyu).

17. Ungalikhetha kanjani iqoqo elisezingeni eliphezulu:

Lapho ukhetha itiye elimhlophe, kunenzuzo ukuqonda kusengaphambili ukuthi yisiphi isitayela osifunayo: ‘ukwenyuka kwentwasahlobo’ (Xīn Chá) noma ubujiyile bezinyosi nezithelo ezomisiwe (okugugile). Ngemva kwalokho — hlola iqoqo njengomkhiqizo wendabuko, hhayi njengenganekwane enhle.

1) Hlola imininingwane yokuqala

Unyaka nesizini: itiye elimhlophe — isiphuzo sesizini. ‘Intwasahlobo’ ngokuvamile imincane ngokwephunga, ‘ihlobo/ukwindla’ — ijulile futhi inobutsotsi.
Isifunda nomkhiqizi: emlandweni waseFujian kubalulekile i-Fuding/Zhenghe kanye nomzana/indlu ethile. Ezindaweni ezintsha — indawo ethile yokulima.
Isigaba sezinto zokusetshenziswa: Yín Zhēn / Bái Mǔ Dān / Gōng Méi / Shòuméi (noma okufana nakho). Lokhu kuthembekile ukwedlula ‘iprimiyamu’ eyimfihlakalo.

2) Bheka iqabunga elomile

Ukuphelela: izinsalela ezimbalwa nempuphu, izingeniso ezicocekile.
Ukufana: usayizi nombungu olinganayo — uphawu lwezinga elihle.
Iphunga: lihlanzekile, ngaphandle ‘kwegumbi elingaphansi’, ukuswakama, amakhemikhali namakholoni anamandla.

3) Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo emhluzini

Ukwethembeka komhluzi: itiye elimhlophe elihle ngokuvamile linikeza umhluzi ohlanzekile, ongcolile.
Ukunambitheka okusemva: kufanele kube mnandi futhi kube kude, ngaphandle kobumunyu obungemnandi ‘nokungcola’.

4) Kwetiye elimhlophe eligugile (Lǎo Chá)

buza/ubheke ukuthi itiye ligcinwe kanjani (kome, ngaphandle kwamaphunga);
gwema amaqoqo anokubola, ubumunyu, ukunuka kwekhathazo — lokhu akuyona ‘inothi yezokwelapha’, kodwa kuwuphutha lokugcinwa.

Umthetho oyinhloko: kungcono ukukhetha itiye elinomdabu oqondakalayo nephunga elihlanzekile, kunetiye ‘elidala kakhulu’ elinomlando ongaqondakali.

18. Amanzi nezitsha:

Izinga lamanzi nezitsha zibonakala kakhulu etiyeni elimhlophe: lintengentenge, futhi noma yikuphi ukunambitha ‘okungafanele’ kuvela ngokushesha.

Amanzi

Amanzi athambile noma anamaminerali aphakathi ngokuvamile asebenza kahle kunakho konke. Amanzi aqine kakhulu ‘avimbayo’ ubumnandi futhi enze umhluzi ube makhaza, kanti amanzi angenamaminerali amaningi anganika ‘ubuze’.
Uma ungeke wakwazi ukukala amaminerali, sebenzisa umthetho olula: amanzi okuphuza amnandi uqobo lwabo, ngokuvamile alungela netiye.
Amaphunga amanzi (i-chlorine, ‘iplastiki’, i-metali) ngokushesha adlulela emhluzini. Isihlungi noma ukuyeka amanzi kungase kuxazulule inkinga.

Izitsha

Ematiyeni amhlophe amasha (Xīn Chá) kungcono kakhulu ufenisha noma ingilazi: akathathi hlangothi futhi ‘awangeni’ iphunga.
Ematiyeni amhlophe agugile (Lǎo Chá) kufaneleka kokubili ufenisha, kanye nezitsha zobumba eziqinile. Igedleke lobumba lingenzeka, kodwa kufanele lingathathi hlangothi futhi ligezwe kahle — itiye elimhlophe limunca kalula amaphunga angaphandle.
Ingilazi ilula uma ufuna ukubona ukuvuleka kweqabunga nokulawula umbala womhluzi.

Izinto ezincane zobuchwepheshe ezishintsha ngempela ukunambitha

fudumeza i-gaiwan/igedleke letiye ematiyeni amhlophe agugile (emasha, ukufudumeza kuphakathi);
ungashiyi itiye ‘lintanta’ emanzini phakathi kokudonsa;
uma itiye licindezelwe — linikeze isikhathi sokuhlakazeka futhi ungalicindezeli ngommese libe yimpuphu: izinsalela zenza ukunambitha kube makhaza.

19. Isikhumbuzo esisheshayo ngokwenza itiye:

Ngezansi — ukukhetha okufushane okusiza ngokushesha ukuthola ukunambitha ngaphandle kokuzama isikhathi eside. Yisebenzise njengesiqalo bese ngemva kwalokho ulungiselela iqoqo elithile.

1) Ukushisa

Ematiye aqhamuka emahlumela futhi athambile kakhulu (uhlobo lwe-Yín Zhēn): 70–80 °C.
Ihlumela + amaqabunga (uhlobo lwe-Bái Mǔ Dān): 80–90 °C.
Amahlamvu nokucindezelwe (Gōng Méi/Shòuméi, amakhekheba): 90–100 °C.

2) Isilinganiso

okokudonsa: 5 g ngo-150–200 ml — umkhombandlela jikelele;
uma ukunambitha kungenalutho — engeza u-1–2 g; uma kujulile kakhulu — yehlisa.

3) Isikhathi

qala ngemizuzwana engu-10–20, bese ukwandisa;
uma kubonakala ukubaba — nciphisa ukudonsa kokuqala kanye/noma wehlise izinga lokushisa.

4) Lapho kufaneleka ukupheka

ngokuvamile — ematiyeni amhlophe agugile nalawo amahlamvu;
uma itiye licindezelwe, ukupheka kunikeza iphrofayili ‘ye-compote’ elinganayo kanye nobumnandi obukhulu.

5) Iphutha elivame kakhulu I-itiye elimhlophe liphinde lishise ngokweqile (bese kuba nokuqina), noma lingashisi ngokwanele agugile/acindezelwe (bese kuba nobuze).

20. Ukuhlola nokuhlaziya:

Uma ufuna ukuqhathanisa amaqoqo nokuqonda isifunda/ubudala, kunenzuzo ngezinye izikhathi ukwenza itiye elimhlophe ‘njengasesikhathini sokuhlola’.

I-protocol encane (ukuhlola kwasekhaya)

Thatha amaqoqo amabili bese uwenza emanzini ngezitsha ezifanayo (ama-gaiwan amabili afanayo noma izinkomishi).
Sebenzisa amanzi afanayo, isilinganiso kanye nezinga lokushisa elifanayo.
Yenza ukudonsa oku-3: kufushane (10–15 s), okuphakathi (20–30 s) kanye nokude (45–60 s).
Bhala imingcele engu-5: iphunga leqabunga elomile, iphunga lomhluzi, ukunambitha, ukunambitheka okusemva, umuzwa emzimbeni (ubujiyile/ukuhlanganisa/‘ubushelelezi’).

Okufanele ukubheke

Ukuhlanzeka: noma yimaphi amanothi anuka kabi, anomunyu, ‘anothuli’ ngokuvamile asho izinkinga zokugcinwa noma zezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Ukuguquka: itiye elimhlophe elihle lishintsha ngokuhle lisuka kokukodwa kuya kokunye; ukunambitha ‘okuphansi’ kuvame ukuba wuphawu lweqoqo eliphansi.
Ubumnandi nokubaba: itiye elimhlophe lingaba nokumunca, kodwa ukubaba akufanele kukhonye.
Ukuthinteka: emaqoqweni aqinile kunomuzwa ‘wokubhobosa’ noma ‘woshelelezi’ — ungakudidi nokubaba.

Le-protocol ayithathi indawo yokuhlolwa kochwepheshe, kodwa ngokushesha ifundisa ukuhlukanisa: izinto zokusetshenziswa, ubuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi yokugcinwa.

21. Siphuzwa nani futhi nini:

I-itiye elimhlophe ngokuvamile lihamba kahle ezimeni ‘ezithule’ — ngaphandle kwezinongo ezinamandla kanye nokudla okunamakholoni asindayo.

Amatiye amhlophe amasha (Xīn Chá): mahle nezithelo (ipheya, i-apula), amabhisikidi alula, amantongomane, noshizi othambile. Aphinde abe yitiye lasekuseni elihle — avuselela ngobumnene.
Amatiye amhlophe agugile (Lǎo Chá): ahambelana kakhulu nezithelo ezomisiwe, izinkwa ezifudumele, amadessert amantongomane, amaphala; ebusika aphuzwa njenge-itiye ‘elifudumeza’. I-Shòuméi ekuphekweni icishe ibe ‘yi-compote’, ihambisana nokupheka kwasekhaya.
Okulimazayo: izidlo ezibabayo, ugali/amanyu anamandla, izinongo ezikhanyayo kanye namadessert amnandi kakhulu nokhilimu — alimaza kalula iphunga elincane letiye elimhlophe.

22. Imibuzo ejwayelekile:

Kungani itiye elimhlophe libizwa ‘ngelimhlophe’?
Ngenxa yoboya obumhlophe emahlumela kanye ‘nesithombe esikhanyayo’ sezinto zokusetshenziswa jikelele, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuncane (ukubuna nokomisa ngaphandle kokulungisa uhlaza).

Ingabe itiye elimhlophe lingaphekwa?
Amatiye amasha aqhamuka emahlumela kungcono angaphekwa. Kodwa amatiye amhlophe amahlamvu nagugile (ikakhulukazi i-Shòuméi ne-Bái Mǔ Dān endala) avame ukuvuleka kahle ekuphekweni noma kufleski elishisayo.

Itiye elimhlophe lihluke kanjani kweliluhlaza?
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sobuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza — isigaba 杀青 (shāqīng), esimisa ama-enzyme futhi silungise ‘ubuluhlaza’. Etiyeni elimhlophe lesi sigaba ngokuvamile asikho: ukunambitha kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ukubuna nokomisa.

Ingabe itiye elimhlophe ‘lithambile’ ngokwe-caffeine ngaso sonke isikhathi?
Hhayi njalo. Amatiye aqhamuka emahlumela angaba namandla okusebenza. Ubumnene buvame ukuhlotshaniswa nendlela i-caffeine ezwa ngayo ngokuhlangana ne-theanine kanye nephrofayili yomhluzi iyonke.

Ungaqonda kanjani ukuthi ukugugela ‘kulungile’?
Ukugugela okuhle — yiphunga elihlanzekile lezinyosi/amakhambi/izithelo ezomisiwe ngaphandle kokubola nobumunyu, umhluzi ohlanzekile nokunambitha okuyindilinga.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Shòuméi Lǎo Chá (寿眉老茶) iwukubonakaliswa kwesikhathi enkomishini, lapho umnyaka ngamunye wokugugela wengeza ubuso obusha ku-palethi yokunambitha. Kusukela kumanothi ezinyosi kuya ebumnandini bekhiwane, kusukela emakhambini afudumele kuya ebujiyeleni obunethezekile be-compote — le-itiye lilandisa indaba yokulinda ngesineke nokugcinwa ngobunono. Lilungele kahle labo abafuna isiphuzo esifudumeza ebusuku obude basebusika, abakwazisa ukujula nobujiyile bokunambitha, abathanda ukuhlola ukupheka futhi abangesabi umhluzi ojulile, onjengegolide.

I-Shòuméi egugile — itiye-mngane, elixolela amaphutha okwenza itiye futhi elabela ngobumnandi balo ngokupha. Lihle ngokufanayo kufleski lasekuseni endleleni eya emsebenzini, nasegedlekeni lakusihlwa lomndeni wonke, nasekucabangisisweni kwe-gōngfū chá kulabo abakwazisayo. Lesi yisibonelo esingavamile lapho ukufinyeleleka kungasho ubulula — ngemuva kwentengo yentando yeningi kunomhlaba ocebile wokuguquka, lapho imvelo yeqabunga nobungcweti bokugcinwa kudala isiphuzo esikwazi ukumangaza ukusuka ekudoseni kuya kwesinye.