Shou Gong Cha · new.thetea.app

I-Shou Gong Cha (手工茶, shǒugōng chá) igama elijwayelekile lamatiya enziwa ngesandla, ngokuhlukile kumatiya enziwa ngemishini. Leli gama ligqamisa izindlela zendabuko zokukhiqiza itiye, ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi zihlonishwa ngobuciko bazo, ukunaka imininingwane, kanye nezici eziyingqayizivele ezilethwa umsebenzi wesandla emkhiqizweni wokugcina.

Izici eziyinhloko zetiye elenziwe ngesandla:

Ubuciko kanye namathikithi: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Shou Gong Cha kusekelwe olwazini olujulile kanye namava eminyaka eminingi abaphathi betiye. Izindlela zendabuko namakhono, okuvamise ukuba yizimfihlo zemindeni futhi okudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, kunendima ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ukunaka imininingwane: Esigabeni ngasinye sokukhiqizwa kwetiye elenziwe ngesandla kunaka kuyabakhona. Ukukhethwa kwamaqabunga etiye, ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa nomswakamo ngesikhathi sokubuna, ukusonteka, ukubila (i-oxidation) kanye nokomiswa — zonke lezi zinqubo zenziwa ngokucophelela nangokuqonda okunamandla okuvela kumphathi.
Ubungqayizivele: Njengoba umsebenzi wesandla uhlanganisa izinto eziningi eziguqukayo, ezifana nesimo sezulu, izici zeqabunga letiye kanye nobunyoninco bobuciko bomkhiqizi ngamunye, inqwaba ngayinye ye-Shou Gong Cha ingaba nezici eziyingqayizivele zokunambitheka, iphunga kanye nokubukeka.
Ikhwalithi: Ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi umsebenzi wesandla uvumela ukukhiqiza itiye lezinga eliphezulu. Abaphathi bangakhetha futhi baphathe amaqabunga etiye angcono kakhulu ngokucophelela, balawule izinqubo ngokucacileyo futhi balungise ngokuya ngezimo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Ubunzima bomsebenzi kanye nentengo: Ukukhiqizwa kwetiye elenziwe ngesandla kunezidingo eziphakeme zomsebenzi futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside kunokukhiqizwa ngomshini. Lokhu ngokuvamile kubonakala entengweni ephakeme ye-Shou Gong Cha.

Izigaba zokukhiqiza i-Shou Gong Cha (umsebenzi wesandla):

Nakuba izigaba eziqondile zingahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwetiye (ohlaza, omhlophe, u-ulong, omnyama, njll.) kanye nesifunda sokukhiqiza, nansi izigaba ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza itiye elenziwe ngesandla:

Ukukhiwa kweqabunga letiye (采摘 - cǎizhāi):
- Ukukhiwa ngesandla kuyisici esibalulekile se-Shou Gong Cha. Abaphathi bakhetha kuphela izinhlobo ezithile zemihlumela namaqabunga, ngokuvamile belandela “amazinga okukhiwa”, isibonelo, “ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amabili” noma “ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amathathu”.
- Ukukhiwa ngesandla kuvumela ukukhethwa kwamaqabunga angcono kakhulu lapho esephezulu ngokuvuthwa, kugwenywe amaqabunga onakele noma angafaneleki.
Ukubuna (萎凋 - wěidiāo):
- Amaqabunga andlalwa ngendwangu emincane emathayeni oqalo noma endwangwini bese eshiywa abune elangeni noma emthunzini.
- Ngesikhathi sokubuna amaqabunga alahlekelwa umswakamo futhi abe lula ukusebenza, elungiselela ukuphathwa okulandelayo. Ekukhiqizweni ngesandla abaphathi bahlale begada inqubo yokubuna, bezwa amaqabunga futhi belungisa izimo ngokuya ngesimo sezulu nohlobo lwetiye.
Ukugxovwa/ukusonteka (揉捻 - róuniǎn):
- Lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu kuma-ulong, amatiye amnyama kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamatiye aluhlaza. Amaqabunga ayagxovwa futhi asonteke ngesandla.
- Ngokwesiko lokhu kwakwenziwa ngesandla, kugingqwa amaqabunga emacansini oqalo noma ezitsheni. Ukugxovwa kucekela phansi isakhiwo samaseli weqabunga, kukhulule iziphuzo nama-enzyme okusiza ekufakweni komoya-mpilo (ukubila). Izinga nohlobo lokusonteka kuthinta isimo setiye kanye nesivinini sokukhishwa kokunambitheka lapho kuphuzwa.
Ukufakwa komoya-mpilo / ukubila (发酵 - fājiào) (okwamatiye amnyama nama-ulong):
- Kumatiye amnyama nezinye izinhlobo zamatiye e-ulong, ngemuva kokugxovwa amaqabunga enza i-oxidation. Andlalwa endaweni epholile neneswakama, okuvumela ama-enzyme ukuthi ahlangane nomoya-mpilo.
- Abaphathi balawula izinga lokushisa, umswakamo kanye nesikhathi sokufakwa komoya-mpilo ukuze kufinyelelwe ezingeni elifiselekayo lokubila, elinquma umbala, iphunga kanye nokunambitheka kwetiye. Ekukhiqizweni ngesandla lokhu kulawula ngokuvamile kusekelwe olwazini nasekuqondeni okungaphakathi.
Ukuqinisa (杀青 - shāqīng) (okwamatiye aluhlaza):
- Kumatiye aluhlaza, ukugwema ukufakwa komoya-mpilo, amaqabunga enza “ukuqinisa”, ngokuvamile ngokushisa. Ngokwesiko lokhu kwakwenziwa ezitsheni eziphathwayo (amapani amakhulu) phezu komlilo ovulekile.
- Umphathi uhlale egovuza amaqabunga esitsheni, esebenzisa izandla ukuwashisa ngokulinganayo futhi amise izinqubo zokubila, ekugcina umbala oluhlaza kanye nokunambitheka okusha.
Ukomisa (干燥 - gānzào):
- Ngemuva kokuqinisa noma ukufakwa komoya-mpilo amaqabunga ayomiswa, ukuze kwehliswe izinga lomswakamo futhi kuqiniswe ukunambitheka nephunga. Ngokwesiko ukoma kwakungenziwa nangamandla elanga, eziko noma phezu kwamalahle.
- Ekukhiqizweni ngesandla abaphathi bagada ngokucophelela inqubo yokoma, ukuze bagweme ukoma ngokweqile noma ukungomi ngokwanele, okungathinta ikhwalithi yetiye.
Ukuhlelwa kanye nokupakishwa (分级与包装 - fēnjí yǔ bāozhuāng):
- Ngemuva kokoma itiye lingaphinde lihlelwe ngesandla, ukuze kususwe iziqu noma amaqabunga anekhwalithi ephansi. Itiye bese liyapakishwa.
- Nge-Shou Gong Cha ukupakishwa nakho kuvame ukuba kwenziwa ngesandla futhi kungagqamisa isici somkhiqizo wendabuko nowezandla.

Izinhlobo zetiye ezivame ukukhiqizwa ngesandla:

Izinhlobo eziningi zetiye zingakhiqizwa ngesandla nangomshini. Kodwa, ezinye izinhlobo zetiye zihlonishwa ngokukhethekile uma zenziwe ngesandla, futhi ngokomlando zazikhiqizwa ikakhulu ngesandla. Kulezi zibala:

Amatiye aseShayina:
- Amatiye aluhlaza: Amatiye amaningi aluhlaza adumile, njenge-Long Jing (龙井, Lóngjǐng), i-Bi Luo Chun (碧螺春, Bìluóchūn), i-Huang Shan Mao Feng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máofēng), ngokuvamile anezinguqulo zekhwalithi ephezulu ezikhiqizwa ngesandla.
- Ama-ulong: Ama-ulong amaningi ahloniphekile, ikakhulukazi ama-ulong asemaweni aseWuyi (武夷岩茶, Wǔyí yán chá) kanye nama-ulong aseThayiwani, ngokwesiko akhiqizwa ngesandla ukuze kufinyelelwe ukunambitheka okunzima nephunga.
- Amatiye amhlophe: Izinaliti eziyisiliva (银针, yín zhēn) kanye ne-White Peony (白牡丹, Bái Mǔdān) ezinomgangatho ophezulu zivame ukukhiwa futhi ziphathwe ngesandla.
- Amatiye aphuzi: Amatiye aphuzi angavamile, njenge-Jun Shan Yin Zhen (君山银针, Jūnshān Yínzhēn), cishe ahlale ekhiqizwa ngesandla ngenxa yobucayi benqubo.
- Amatiye amnyama: Ezinye izinhlobo zetiye elimnyama laseShayina, njenge-Dian Hong (滇红, Diānhóng), nazo zingaba nezinguqulo ezenziwe ngesandla.
Amatiye aseJapani:
- IGyokuro (玉露, Gyokuro): IGyokuro yekhwalithi ephezulu ivame ukukhiqizwa ngesandla, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokusonteka kwamaqabunga.
- IKabusecha (かぶせ茶, Kabusecha): Ezinye izinhlobo zeKabusecha nazo zingakhiqizwa ngesandla.
Amatiye aseNdiya:
- IDarjeeling: Amanye ama-ulong asezintabeni eziphakeme namatiye amnyama aseDarjeeling, ikakhulukazi ukuvunwa kokuqala (first flush), ahlonishwa ngomsebenzi wawo wesandla.

Izinzuzo ze-Shou Gong Cha (itiye elenziwe ngesandla):

Ikhwalithi ephezulu (ngokuvamile): Umsebenzi wesandla uvumela ukukhethwa okucophelelayo nokuphethwa kwamaqabunga angcono kakhulu, ukulawulwa kwezinqubo ngokunemba okukhulu nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Lokhu kungaholela kwitiye lekhwalithi ephezulu, elinokunambitheka okunzulu nokuphuzile kanye nephunga.
Ubungqayizivele kanye nobuntu: Inqwaba ngayinye ye-Shou Gong Cha ithwala uphawu lobuciko bomkhiqizi othile kanye nezimo zokukhiqiza, okwenza inqwaba ngayinye ibe yingqayizivele.
Ukugcinwa kwamasiko: I-Shou Gong Cha inikela ekugcinweni kwezindlela zendabuko zokukhiqiza itiye, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yamagugu amasiko ezifundazwe eziningi zetiye.
Ukunambitheka okujulile nephunga: Abathandi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi itiye elenziwe ngesandla linokunambitheka okujulile, okucebile nokuhlangene kanye nephunga uma kuqhathaniswa netiye elikhiqizwe ngobuningi.

Ububi be-Shou Gong Cha (itiye elenziwe ngesandla):

Intengo ephezulu: Ubunzima bomsebenzi wokukhiqiza ngesandla kwenza i-Shou Gong Cha ngokuvamile ibe yibiza kakhulu kune tiye elenziwe ngomshini.
Ukutholakala okulinganiselwe: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Shou Gong Cha kukhawulwe umthamo womsebenzi wezandla, ngakho-ke kungatholakala kancane kunetiye elikhiqizwa ngobuningi.
Ukungahambelani (kwezinye izimo): Nakuba ubungqayizivele buhlonishwa, kwezinye izimo umsebenzi wesandla ungaholela ekungafanini okuthile phakathi kwenqwaba, ngokwehlukile ekukhiqizweni okujwayelekile ngomshini.

Ungayihlonza kanjani i-Shou Gong Cha:

Intengo: Ngokuvamile i-Shou Gong Cha ibiza kakhulu kune tiye efanayo elenziwe ngomshini.
Ukubukeka: Ngokuvamile (kodwa akuhlale kunjalo) i-Shou Gong Cha ingaba nokubukeka “okungalingani” noma “okwemvelo” kunetiye elenziwe ngomshini elilingana ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, ukusonteka kungabi ngokufanayo, kodwa lokhu akulona uphawu oluqinisekile.
Ulwazi oluvela kumthengisi/umkhiqizi: Indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu uwulwazi oluvela kumthengisi noma umkhiqizi. Bheka incazelo egcizelela “umsebenzi wesandla” (手工, shǒugōng, Handmade). Abathengisi abaqotho, abagxile kwitiye elinekhwalithi, bavame ukusho ukuthi itiye lenziwe ngesandla yini.
Ukunambitha: Amava kanye nokunambitha kungasiza ukuhlukanisa i-Shou Gong Cha. Ngokuvamile inephrofayili yokunambitheka ehlangene futhi ecebile.

Ungayithenga kuphi i-Shou Gong Cha:

Izitolo ezikhethekile zamatiye: Ezitolo ezigxile kwitiye elinekhwalithi, ikakhulukazi itiye laseShayina, laseJaphani noma laseNdiya, kuvame ukutholakala i-Shou Gong Cha.
Izitolo eziku-inthanethi: Izitolo eziningi eziku-inthanethi ezigxile kwitiye zinikeza i-Shou Gong Cha. Kubalulekile ukukhetha abathengisi abathembekile.
Amapulazi etiye nabakhiqizi: Amanye amapulazi etiye nabakhiqizi bathengisa imikhiqizo yabo ngqo, ngokuvamile benikeza i-Shou Gong Cha.
Imibukiso namafestivali etiye: Emibukisweni nakumafestivali etiye ungathola abakhiqizi nabathengisi be-Shou Gong Cha.

Isiphetho:

I-Shou Gong Cha ayisona nje itiye, iwubuciko kanye nesiko. Ingumkhiqizo wobuciko, ubekezelo kanye nenhlonipho enkulu ngeqabunga letiye. Nakuba ingaba yibiza futhi ingatholakali kalula, kubathandi betiye abaningi ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele, iphunga kanye nendaba esemuva kwenkomishi ngayinye ye-Shou Gong Cha kwenza ibe yigugu elingenakulinganiswa. Uma ufisa ukungena ekujuleni komhlaba wetiye futhi uhlonipha ubuciko bokukhiqizwa kwendabuko, i-Shou Gong Cha iyisinqumo esihle.

12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo: Itiye elibiza kakhulu emhlabeni — i-Da Hong Pao (大红袍, Dàhóngpáo) evela ezihlahleni ezingomame ezisezintabeni zaseWuyi — likhiqizwa kuphela ngesandla futhi libiza ngaphezu kwesigidi samadola ngekhilogremu. EJapan kukhona abaphathi “abayigugu lesizwe eliphilayo”, obuciko babo ekukhiqizeni itiye obuhlonishwa ezingeni likahulumeni. Ezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza itiye ngesandla zigcinwa ziyimfihlo futhi zidluliselwa kuphela emndenini. Ukuze kukhiqizwe ikhilogremu elilodwa letiye esezingeni eliphezulu kungadingeka ukuvunwa ngesandla okungafika ku-80 000 kwemihlumela. E-Shayina yombuso kwakukhona amantombazane akhethekile ayevuna itiye egqoke kuphela amagilavu kasilika, ukuze angalimazi imihlumela ebucayi. Ucwaningo lwesimanje lwesayensi luqinisekisa ukuthi ukudlidlizela kwezandla zomphathi ngesikhathi sokusonteka kunomthelela kusakhiwo samaseli weqabunga letiye, okudala iphrofayili yokunambitheka ehlukile.

Ekuphetheni: I-Shou Gong Cha imelela isiqongo sobuciko betiye, lapho iqabunga ngalinye lidlula ezandleni zomphathi, limunca awawo amava, ukuqonda kwangaphakathi kanye nothando lomsebenzi wezandla. Akuyona nje isiphuzo, kodwa igugu lamasiko, eliqukethe amathikithi ayizinkulungwane zeminyaka kanye nefilosofi yokuzwana phakathi komuntu nemvelo. Esikhathini sokukhiqizwa okuningi nokujwayela, itiye elenziwe ngesandla lisikhumbuza ukubaluleka kobuciko bomuntu ngamunye, ukubekezela kanye nokunaka imininingwane.

Ngokukhetha i-Shou Gong Cha, asithengi nje umkhiqizo wezinga eliphezulu — sisekela ukugcinwa kolwazi oluyingqayizivele namathikithi angase anyamalale ekugijimeni kwempumelelo nenzuzo. Inkomishi ngayinye yaleli tiye yithuba lokuthinta umlando ophilayo, ukuzwa ukuxhumana nabaphathi besikhathi esidlule nabamanje, nokuzwa injabulo yangempela ngesiphuzo esakhiwe ngomphefumulo nangobuciko.

11. Intengo kanye namamashadi okukhohlisa: Intengo ye-Shou Gong Cha iphakeme kakhulu kunelingana nalo elenziwe ngomshini — kusuka kumadola angu-50 kuya ku-5 000 ngekhilogremu ngokuya ngokungavamile kanye nekhwalithi. Izinhlobo eziphambili (i-Da Hong Pao evela emaweni aseWuyi, i-Xi Hu Long Jing yangempela (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng)) zingabiza ngaphezu kwamadola ayi-10 000 ngekhilogremu. Intengo ephezulu iyadonsa abathengisi abangathembekile. Okokukhohlisa okuvamile kubala: itiye elenziwe ngomshini oliswe njengelesandla; itiye elivela kwezinye izifunda ngaphansi kwamagama aziwayo; ukuguga okwenziwe ngomgunyathi; ukwengezwa kwezinongo. Izimpawu zobuqiniso: ukungahambelani kwamaqabunga, ukucwebezela okwemvelo ngaphandle kokupholishwa ngokweqile, iphunga lemvelo elihamba phambili ngaphandle kwamanothi amakhemikhali, izitifiketi zemvelaphi ezivela kubakhiqizi abathembekile. Kunconywa ukuthenga kubathengisi abakhethekile abanedumela elihle kanye nethuba lokunambitha.

10. Ukugcinwa: Ukugcinwa okufanele kubaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozeni ikhwalithi ye-Shou Gong Cha. Izinga lokushisa elifanele ngu-15-20°C, umswakamo 50-60%. Itiye kufanele ligcinwe esitsheni esivala umoya esenziwe ngothayela, ubumba noma iphepha eliminyene, livikelekile ekukhanyeni nasemaphungeni angaphandle. Amatiye aluhlaza namaphuzi kuhle agcinwe esiqandisini esikhwameni esivala umoya, ekhishwa emaminithini angu-30 ngaphambi kokuphuzwa. Ama-ulong namatiye abomvu agcinwa ezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni. Ama-puer adinga ukujikeleza komoya futhi angagcinwa esembozo sephepha. Isikhathi sokugcina: aluhlaza namaphuzi — iminyaka engu-1-2, amhlophe — iminyaka engu-2-3 (amanye aba ngcono ngokuguga), ama-ulong — iminyaka engu-2-5, abomvu — iminyaka engu-2-3. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuvulwa njalo kwepakethe nokusebenzisa itiye ezinyangeni ezi-2-3 ngemuva kokulivula.

9. Ukuphuzwa: Ukuphuzwa kwe-Shou Gong Cha kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile emininingwaneni. Amanzi kufanele abe thambile (amaminerali 50-150 mg/l), kukhethwa amanzi emithombo noma ahlungiwe. Izinga lokushisa liyehluka: 70-80°C kumatiye aluhlaza namaphuzi, 80-90°C kumhlophe, 85-95°C kuma-ulong, 90-95°C kwabomvu. Izitsha ezikhethwayo zezobumba lwe-Yixing (宜兴), ubumba oluqinile noma ingilazi. Ukulingana kwetiye namanzi: amagremu angu-3-5 nge-150 ml ngendlela ye-gong fu cha (功夫茶), amagremu angu-2-3 nge-200-250 ml ngesitayela saseNtshonalanga. Isikhathi sokuphuzwa kwe-gong fu cha: umsele wokuqala imizuzwana engu-10-20, unyuswe nge-5-10 imizuzwana kumsele ngamunye olandelayo. I-Shou Gong Cha ngokuvamile ikwazi ukukhiqiza imisele engu-6-12. Kubalulekile ukufudumeza izitsha ngaphambili nokwenza ukugeza ngokushesha kwamaqabunga (imizuzwana engu-5) ukuze avuswe.

8. Izakhiwo ezizuzisayo: I-Shou Gong Cha inezakhiwo ezizuzisayo eziqinisiwe ngenxa yokulondolozwa okuhle kwemixube yezinto eziphilayo. Umsebenzi wokulwa nama-oxidant ungaphezulu ngo-20-30% kunetiye elenziwe ngomshini, okunikeza isivikelo esingcono kumaradikhali akhululekile. Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-theanine kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo nokunciphisa ingcindezi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, okuvamile ngekhofi. Ama-polyphenol asekela impilo yohlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo, eyehlisa izinga le-cholesterol kanye nomfutho wegazi. Ukuphuza njalo kusiza ukuthuthukisa imetabolism futhi kungasiza ekulawuleni isisindo. Izakhiwo zokunciphisa ukuvuvukala zisiza ekuvimbeleni izifo ezingamahlalakhona. Olunye ucwaningo lukhomba izakhiwo ezingaba namandla okulwa nomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi kumatiye aluhlaza enziwe ngesandla.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali: Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-Shou Gong Cha ngokuvamile kucebe kakhulu futhi kunokulinganisela ngenxa yokuphathwa ngokunakekela. Ukuqukethwe kwama-polyphenol (ama-catechin) kungafinyelela ku-25-35% kumatiye aluhlaza enziwe ngesandla. I-Theanine (L-theanine), enomthelela ekunambithekeni okujulile (umami) kanye nomphumela wokuphumuza, ilondolozeka kangcono ngokuphathwa ngesandla okusezingeni eliphansi lokushisa (2-3% uma kuqhathaniswa no-1-2% kwitiye elenziwe ngomshini). Amafutha abalulekile, abumba iphunga, akhona ngamazinga aphezulu — afika ku-0.08% uma kuqhathaniswa no-0.03-0.05% kwitiye elenziwe ngomshini. Ukuqukethwe kwe-caffeine kuhluka kusuka ku-2% kuya ku-4% ngokuya ngohlobo lwetiye. Amavithamini (ikakhulukazi u-C, E, K) namaminerali (i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-manganese) nakho kulondolozwa kangcono ngokuphathwa ngesandla.

6. Izici zokuhlola ngezinzwa (organoleptic): I-Shou Gong Cha ihluke ngobunkimbinkimbi obukhethekile kanye nobujule bephrofayili yokunambitheka nokuhogela. Iphunga ngokuvamile linezingqimba eziningi, livumbuluka kancane kancane — kusukela kumanothi okuqala ezimbali kuya emanzoni ajulile amaminerali nezithelo. Ukunambitheka kubonakala ngokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside, okuguquguqukayo (huí gān, 回甘), okungahlala imizuzu embalwa. Ukuthungwa kokuphisiwe ngokuvamile kuba namafutha futhi kusonge ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yokulondolozwa okungcono kwamafutha abalulekile ngokuphathwa ngesandla. Umbala wokuphisiwe uvame ukuba ogqame kakhulu futhi ohlanzekile. Amaqabunga ngemuva kokuphuzwa (yè dǐ, 叶底) abonisa ubuqotho nokunwebeka, okuyisibonakaliso sokuphathwa ngokunakekela. Ama-Shou Gong Cha amaningi anesakhiwo esikhethekile “se-qì” (茶气) — umuzwa wamandla abathandi abachaza njengokufudumala okusakazeka emzimbeni.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza: Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Shou Gong Cha budinga ulwazi olujulile kanye namava eminyaka eminingi. Isigaba ngasinye silawulwa ngezindlela zokuhlola ngezitho zomzimba — umphathi unquma ukulungela ngephunga, ukuthungwa, umbala kanye ngisho nomsindo wamaqabunga. Lapho kubuna umphathi uphenduphendula njalo amaqabunga, eqinisekisa ukulahlekelwa komswakamo okulinganayo. Ukusonteka kwenziwa ngamandla ahlukene ngokuya ngesimo esifiselekayo — kusukela ekugxovweni okuncane kwamatiye amhlophe kuya ekusontekeni okuqinile kwama-ulong. Kumatiye aluhlaza kubaluleke kakhulu izinga lokushisa lokuqinisa (180-280°C) kanye nesivinini sokugovuza esitsheni. Ekukhiqizeni ama-ulong kusetshenziswa indlela eyingqayizivele “yáo qīng” (摇青) — ukunyakazisa amaqabunga ezitsheni zoqalo ukuze kulinyazwe kancane imiphetho. Ukomisa kungenziwa ngezigaba ezimbalwa ngokuphumula okumaphakathi kwamaqabunga.

4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshalwa: Azingadi zetiye zokukhiqiza i-Shou Gong Cha zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka kalula ezisezintabeni, lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukusebenzisa imishini. Ubude bokutshalwa ngokuvamile buba ngamamitha angu-800-2 000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Kunconywa umhlabathi omuncu (i-pH 4.5-5.5), ocebile ngezinto eziphilayo, onokukhipha amanzi kahle. Isimo sezulu kumele sibonakale ngenkungu evamile, amazinga okushisa aphakathi (15-25°C) kanye nemvula eyanele (1 200-2 000 mm ngonyaka). Amapulazi amaningi e-Shou Gong Cha atshalwa ngezindlela zemvelo, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nomanyolo wamakhemikhali. Kunakwa kakhulu ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo — izihlahla zetiye zivame ukukhula ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izitshalo, lokhu okunikeza itiye amanuwani wokunambitheka ayingqayizivele.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nempahla eyisisekelo: Nge-Shou Gong Cha kusetshenziswa izinto ezifanayo njengasekukhiqizweni ngomshini — amaqabunga kanye nemihlumela ye-Camellia sinensis. Kodwa-ke, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusebenza zokukhiqiza ngesandla kuqine kakhulu. Abaphathi bakhetha kuphela imihlumela ethile (amahlumela amancane), belandela amazinga “yī yá yī liǎng yè” (一芽一两叶) — ihlamvu elilodwa namaqabunga amabili — noma “yī yá sān yè” (一芽三叶) — ihlamvu elilodwa namaqabunga amathathu. Ezinhlotsheni eziphambili kungenzeka kusetshenziswe imihlumela kuphela (njengase-Yín Zhēn, 银针) noma ihlamvu elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa. Isikhathi sokuvuna sibalulekile — ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo kwasekuqaleni (míng qián, 明前 — ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming) kuhlonishwa ngokukhethekile. Izinto zokusebenza ze-Shou Gong Cha zivame ukuvela ezihlahleni zetiye ezindala (gǔ shù, 古树), ezineminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ubudala.

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko: Umlando we-Shou Gong Cha awuhlukaniseki nomlando wetiye uqobo. Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 cishe wonke amatiye ayekhiqizwa ngesandla. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1950 ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo somhlaba. Emasikweni aseShayina ukukhiqizwa kwetiye ngesandla kuthathwa njengokubonakaliswa okuphakeme kakhulu kobuciko betiye, okuwumfanekiso womqondo “gōng fū” (功夫) — ubuciko obuzuzwa ngomkhuba omude. Emcimbini wetiye waseJapan kuhlonishwa kakhulu itiye elenziwe ngezindlela zendabuko. Ukubaluleka kwamasiko kwe-Shou Gong Cha kubonakala ekulondolozweni kwamagugu angaphatheki — izindlela zokukhiqiza ezidluliselwa kusuka kumfundisi kumfundi. I-UNESCO ikubonile ukukhiqizwa kwetiye ngendlela yendabuko ezifundeni ezithile zaseShayina njengamagugu angaphatheki esintu.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi: I-Shou Gong Cha ayihlukaniswa njengohlobo oluthile lwetiye, kodwa njengendlela yokukhiqiza esebenza kuzo zonke izigaba ezinkulu: aluhlaza, amhlophe, aphuzi, ama-ulong, abomvu (amnyama) kanye nama-puer. Igama lisuselwa ezinhlamvwini zesiShayina 手工 (shǒugōng), lapho 手 kusho “isandla”, bese 工 kusho “umsebenzi” noma “ubuciko”. Umqondo wokukhiqizwa kwetiye ngesandla waqala kanye namasiko etiye ngokwawo eShayina eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5 000 edlule, lapho zonke izinqubo zokuphathwa kweqabunga leliye zazisenziwa kuphela ngesandla. Ngokwendawo i-Shou Gong Cha ikhiqizwa kuzo zonke izifunda zendabuko zetiye: izifundazwe zaseFujian (福建), Zhejiang (浙江), Yunnan (云南), Anhui (安徽) eShayina, izifunda zaseShizuoka (静岡) naseKyoto (京都) eJapan, eDarjeeling nase-Assam eNdiya, kanye naseThayiwani naseSri Lanka.