shílǐxiāng

I-Shi Li Xiang (shílǐxiāng, 十里香) itiye eliluhlaza eliyivelakancane elivela emaphethelweni aseKunming, inhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe saseYunnan, igama laso ngokwezwi nezwi lisho ukuthi “iphunga elimnandi eliyi-lǐ eziyishumi”. Phakathi kwamatiye ama-Yunnan anamandla amaqabunga amakhulu, leli tiye lihlukile: liyitiye elithambile elinamaqabunga amancane eligazingiwe (chǎoqīng, 炒青), eliqukethwe isisho sasedolobheni esithi “ukuphuza itiye — phuza i-Shi Li Xiang” (喝茶要喝十里香).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶)
• Isigaba: amatiye aluhlaza “adumile nanye akhethiwe” (名优绿茶, míngyōu lǜchá); amaqoqo angcono kakhulu — asezingeni le-míngqián (明前)·名优
• Imvelaphi: i-Kunming (昆明), izindawo eziyingelezonke kanye namagquma aseduze kwalo muzi, ithafa lase-Yunnan-Guizhou, isifundazwe sase-Yunnan
• Isimo: into eyivelakancane yesifunda sase-Yunnan, hhayi itiye eliwumkhiqizo wesisindo
• Umongo we-terroir: ngokungafani nezifunda ezidumile zamatiye zase-Yunnan entshonalanga naseningizimu yesifundazwe — iLincang, iBaoshan, iPu’er — lapho kubusa khona uhlobo lwesihlahla setiye olunamaqabunga amakhulu, i-Kunming isendaweni ephakeme ethafeni, inesimo sezulu esipholile nesilinganayo “sasentwasahlobo ingunaphakade”. Lesimo sezulu esisesilinganisweni sasendaweni ephakeme sakha lapha uhlobo lwetiye oluhlukile: olunamaqabunga amancane, olunephunga elimnandi, olusondelene kakhulu ngesimilo samatiye asempumalanga yeChina kunakumatiye a-Yunnan agcwele “i-dianlü”
• Itiye lasemadolobheni: I-Shi Li Xiang ngokomlando bekuyitiye lase-Kunming “lasedolobheni” — lelo elaliphuzwa ezindaweni zokuchitha itiye futhi linikezwe izivakashi, lihlobene kakhulu nendlela yokuphila yase-Kunming yakudala. Njengoba idolobha likhula, amasimu etiye abe ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokwakhiwa, futhi namuhla i-Shi Li Xiang iyivelakancane kakhulu

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• “Itiye lasendulo elidumile lase-Kunming” (昆明古名茶): ikhodi yamasiko yetiye iqukethwe esishweni esithi “喝茶要喝十里香” — “ukuphuza itiye — phuza ishi Li Xiang”. La mazwi akhombisa ukuthi kubahlali base-Kunming yakudala leli tiye laliyindinganiso yokunambitheka kwendawo, ingcebo yedolobha labo, kanti iphunga lalo elimnandi — yilona silinganiso ababehlulela ngalo itiye elihle.
• Incazelo yegama: “iphunga elimnandi eliyi-lǐ eziyishumi” (十里香) — lokhu ihaba lamakha etiye: iphunga linamandla futhi lihlanzekile kangangokuthi lisakazeka libanga elingamakhilomitha amaningi. Amagama “ep hunga” afana nalawa ngokwesiko letiye laseShayina njalo akhombisa ukuthi itiye lalaziswa ngokukhethekile ngenxa yephunga lalo elimnandi.
• Isimo esibuhlungu sokuba yivelakancane: ngoba lihlobene nezindawo eziyingelezonke zedolobha elikhulayo, i-Shi Li Xiang yaminwe ukukhula kwamadolobha: amasimu etiye ashintshwa yizakhiwo, futhi itiye ngokwalo laphenduka isiphuzo sase-Kunming sansuku zonke saba yinto eyivelakancane, abambalwa abayaziyo namuhla. Yilokho okulenza libaluleke nakakhulu njengesikhumbuzo esiphilayo sokuthi i-Yunnan — akuwona nje amaqabunga amakhulu e-pu’er, kodwa futhi namatiye aluhlaza amancane amahle asethafeni.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Izinhlobo/I-cultivar: inani elikhulu lamaqabunga amancane lase-Kunming (昆明小叶群体种, kūnmíng xiǎoyè qúntǐzhǒng) — uhlobo lwendawo lwembewu (lwenani elikhulu) oluneqabunga elincane
• Umehluko nesifundazwe: I-Yunnan emicabangweni yabaningi — izwe letiye elinamaqabunga amakhulu (云南大叶种), okwenziwa ngalo i-pu’er namatiye aluhlaza agxishiwe/omisiwe. I-Shi Li Xiang yona ingeyohlobo olunamaqabunga amancane oluyivelakancane esifundazweni. Umehluko ofanayo uyabonakala ngesibonelo senye into eyivelakancane yase-Yunnan — i-Bao Hong Cha (宝洪茶) yase-Yiliang (宜良), nayo enamaqabunga amancane futhi enamakha aphezulu.
• Umphumela weqabunga elincane: iqabunga elincane ethafeni elipholile linikeza iphunga elimnandi elintekenteke, “eliphezulu” kanye nenkomishi ecwengekile futhi engenalo ubugqinsi, kunamatiye amakhulu anamaqabunga amakhulu
• «群体种» (inani elikhulu, uhlobo lwembewu): lapha akukhulunywa nge-clone eyodwa, kodwa ngenani elikhulu lendawo elihlukene ngokwezakhi zofuzo, elikhethwe izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Amanani amadala anjalo aziswa ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bephunga elimnandi nokuhlobana kwawo nendawo ethile — yiwona avame ukuba ngemuva “kwamatiye asendulo adumile” (古名茶), okuyiwo afaka phakathi ne-Shi Li Xiang.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokulima:

• I-Terroir: I-Kunming ethafeni lase-Yunnan-Guizhou, ithafa eliphakeme elinesimo sezulu esipholile nesilinganayo “sasentwasahlobo ingunaphakade”
• Ithonya lokuphakama: isimo sezulu esisesilinganisweni sendawo ephakeme sakha uhlobo lwetiye olunamaqabunga amancane, olunephunga elimnandi, olusondelene kakhulu ngesimilo samatiye asempumalanga yeChina kunakumatiye a-Yunnan agcwele “i-dianlü”
• Itiye lasedolobheni, lethafa: ngokungafani nezifunda zamatiye zase-Yunnan zasentshonalanga/eningizimu

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Shi Li Xiang — i-chǎoqīng (炒青), itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe ebhodweni ngendlela eligoqiwe/eliyimicu (条形). Ingqondo eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza itiye eliluhlaza lapha iyakudala:

• Ukuhaqa. I-Shi Li Xiang engcono kakhulu — itiye lesigaba se-míngqián (明前), eliqoqwe ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming, livela ezindlalekeni ezintsha ezithambile nasemacembeni entwasahlobo yokuqala. Lesi isigaba se-名优 — “elidumile nelikhethiwe”.
• Ukwenza kubune (摊放). Ukubunisa iqabunga elisha ukuze kulahlekele umswakama kancane futhi kwembule iphunga elimnandi.
• Ukuqinisa uhlaza (杀青). Ukufudumeza ebhodweni, okuvimba i-oxidation ye-enzymatic futhi “kuqinise” iphrofayili eluhlaza. Ukushisisa ebhodweni, hhayi ukusebenzisa umusi noma ukomisa, kuyilo olwakha ithoni eyisipesheli ye-chǎoqīng yephunga elithosiwe nelinamantongomane.
• Ukusonga (揉捻). Ukwakheka kwesimo se-cuya seqabunga kanye nokubhidlizwa okuyingxenye kwamangqamuzana ukuze kutholakale ukukhishwa okuzayo kwe-infusion.
• Ukomisa (干燥). Ukuletha ezingeni lomswakama ozinzile kanye “nokuvuthwa” kwephunga elimnandi ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Umphumela — amaqabunga omile asesimweni semicu egoqiwe (条形), hhayi isicaba (njenge-longjing) futhi hhayi okwenaliti. Indlela ye-chǎoqīng ichaza negama: “iphunga elimnandi eliyi-lǐ eziyishumi” — lokhu kumayelana nephunga elimnandi eliphakeme, elizwakala kude, elilethwa ukugazingwa okuyimpumelelo kwebhodwe kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezinamaqabunga amancane.

6. Izici Zokunambitha kanye Nephunga:

• Iphrofayili: ivela ezingxenyeni ezintathu — iqabunga elincane, i-terroir yendawo ephakeme epholile nokugazingwa ebhodweni. Leli itiye elinephunga elimnandi elivelele, “eliphezulu” (kungakho negama), elinokunambitheka okusha, okuhlanzekile kanye nomzimba ocebile kakhulu kunamatiye aluhlaza ase-Yunnan anamaqabunga amakhulu.
• Ukuqhathanisa: uma kuqhathaniswa ne-dianlü (滇绿) egcwele, ebabayo kanye “nenamandla”, i-Shi Li Xiang imnene, inephunga elimnandi futhi intekenteke
• Isimo seqabunga elomile: iqabunga eliyimicu (条形) eligoqiwe — hhayi isicaba se-longjing futhi hhayi okwenaliti
• Iphunga: elivelele, “elifinyelela kude”, elithosiwe-nelinamakha — ngokuphambene ne-dianlü egcwele futhi ebabayo

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

Njengoba leli itiye eliluhlaza elintekenteke elinamaqabunga amancane, kufanele lenziwe ngokucophelela:

• Izinga lokushisa: hhayi amanzi abilayo, kodwa cishe 80–85 °C; amanzi abilayo ashisa kakhulu “azoshisa” izindlalekazi ezintsha futhi enze ukunambitheka kube ubugqinsi.
• Izitsha: ingilazi noma i-gaiwan, ukuze ubone ukuvuleka kweqabunga futhi ubambe nephunga elimnandi.
• Isilinganiso nesikhathi: iqabunga elincane, ukuthululwa okufushane; amatiye aluhlaza avela ezindlalekazini nasemacembeni athambile awathandi ukufakwa emanzini isikhathi eside kanye nokukhishwa ngokweqile.
• Amanzi: athambile, ahlanzekile — “awavali” amakha intekenteke.

Njengamatiye aluhlaza amaningi, i-Shi Li Xiang ivela kahle entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo; leli itiye “lesivuno samanje”, eliphuzwa lisemusha, lahlonishwa ngokusha kwalo, hhayi ngokukhulupheka.

11. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi:

• Amazinga nesigaba: I-Shi Li Xiang ingaphansi kwamatiye aluhlaza (绿茶) esigaba “sadumile nakhethiwe” (名优绿茶), namaqoqo angcono kakhulu asezingeni le-míngqián·名优. Ohlelweni lwezinkomba iqoshwa njengento eyivelakancane yesifunda sase-Yunnan, hhayi itiye eliwumkhiqizo wesisindo. Izinombolo zamazinga athile emboni (GB/T) aleli tiye lendawo encane azinikezwanga lapha — ukuze linganikezwanga izinombolo ezingaqinisekiswanga ngumthombo.
• Izinkomba eziyinhloko zekhwalithi: imvelaphi (i-Kunming), inani elikhulu lamaqabunga amancane lase-Kunming, ukuqogwa kwentwasahlobo yokuqala kanye nokugaywa (炒青) okwenziwe kwemicu.
• Ungayihlukanisa kanjani i-Shi Li Xiang (izimpawu eziyinhloko):
  • Imvelaphi: i-Kunming (昆明) ngokuqondile, hhayi izindawo zamatiye zase-Yunnan zasentshonalanga/eningizimu. Leli itiye lasedolobheni, lethafa.
  • Uhlobo lwesihlahla: inani elikhulu lamaqabunga amancane lase-Kunming (昆明小叶群体种) — hhayi i-云南大叶种 enamaqabunga amakhulu. Lokhu kukhipha i-Shi Li Xiang ngokushesha kumqondo “we-pu’er”.
  • Indlela: 炒青, okuluhlaza okugazingiwe — okunenothi yephunga elimnandi elithosiwe, elinezithosiwe eziphawulekayo, lenziwe ukugazingwa kwebhodwe.
  • Isimo: iqabunga eliyimicu (条形) eligoqiwe, hhayi isicaba se-longjing futhi hhayi okwenaliti.
  • Iphrofayili: iphunga elimnandi elivelele, “elifinyelela kude” kanye nokunambitheka okusha, okuhlanzekile, okucebile ngokuqhathaniswa — ngokuphambene ne-dianlü egcwele futhi ebabayo.
  • Omakhelwane ngokomqondo: ngokwengqondo, beka eduze i-Bao Hong Cha yase-Yiliang (宝洪茶) yase-Yiliang — elinye itiye lase-Yunnan eliluhlaza elinamaqabunga amancane futhi elinamakha aphezulu; womabili akhombisa “obunye ubuso” besifundazwe.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• I-Shi Li Xiang — itiye okulula ukuliqonda hhayi ngokunambitheka kweqabunga lase-Yunnan elinamandla, kodwa ngomqondo wephunga elimnandi elithe xaxa lend awo ephakeme kanye nangenkumbulo ye-Kunming yakudala, lapho kwakuthiwa ngetiye elihle kalula nje: “ukuphuza — phuza i-Shi Li Xiang”.
• “Iphunga elimnandi eliyi-lǐ eziyishumi” — ihaba: amagama “ephunga” afana nalawa ngokwesiko letiye laseShayina njalo akhombisa ukuthi itiye lalaziswa ngokukhethekile ngenxa yephunga lalo elimnandi.