I-Shennongjia Hongcha · new.thetea.app

I-Shennongjia Hongcha iyitiye elibomvu lasezintabeni eziphakeme elisuka endaweni yokuphatha eyingqayizivele e-China, enegama elithi “Isifunda Sasehlathini” (林区). I-Shennongjia iyithafa eliyinsalela lasendulo elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hubei, elisendaweni efanayo neyasezindaweni zasendulo zetiye e-China, kodwa likhule kakhulu ukuphakama. Phakathi kwamahlathi amadala, okuhlala izinkawu ezisagolide nezitshalo zasemandulo, izingadi zetiye zikhula ngaphansi kwezimo iningi lezifunda zetiye ezingazilingisa nje kuphela: ukuhlanzeka okuphelele kwemvelo, inkungu engapheli, umehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku, nomhlabathi onothiswe yizinsalela zezitshalo ezikhulile iminyaka eyinkulungwane. I-hongcha isisebenzi esisha uma kuqhathaniswa nale ndawo, kodwa yilona hlobo lwe-hongcha olwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuvula wonke amandla ezinto ezingavuthiwe zale ndawo eziphakeme.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: I-hongcha yase-China (红茶, hóngchá), i-oxidized ngokuphelele (ibilisiwe).
Isigaba: Ihongcha yesifunda esezintabeni eziphakeme yesifundazwe sase-Hubei. Iyingxenye yegatsha le-gongfu hongcha (工夫红茶, gōngfū hóngchá). Imikhiqizo evela esifundeni sasehlathini i-Shennongjia—into eyenza i-Shennongjia Hongcha ihluke ukuthi ikhiqizwa endaweni yesiqiwu semvelo sikazwelonke kanye neNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ye-UNESCO.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北省, Húběi shěng), isifunda sasehlathini i-Shennongjia (神农架林区, Shénnóngjià línqū). Indawo eyinhloko yokukhiqiza idolobhana i-Muyu (木鱼镇, Mùyú zhèn), elisogwini oluseningizimu yesiqongo i-Shennongding (神农顶, 3,106 m—iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu e-Central China). Izingadi zetiye ziphinde zigxile emizaneni yase-Qingtian (青天村), eduze komfula i-Xiangxi (香溪河) nasemithambekeni yezintaba eziseduze.
Ama-coordinate ezwe: cishe 31°25′ N, 110°20′ E (indawo yase-Muyu, umthambeka oseningizimu wethafa i-Shennongjia).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

Umlando: I-Shennongjia inendawo ekhethekile ezinganekwaneni zetiye yase-China: ngokwesiko, kulapha lapho umbusi odumile u-Shennong (神农, “Umlimi Waphezulu”) azama khona amakhulukhulu ezitshalo futhi wavula izakhiwo zokuphilisa zeqabunga letiye. Umbhalo wasendulo oyi-”Shennong Bencao Jing” (《神农本草经》) uthi: “U-Shennong wazama amakhulukhulu ezitshalo, ngosuku wahlangana nobuthi obuyi-72, futhi welashwa ngetiye.” U-Lu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) encwadini yakhe ethi “I-Classic of Tea” (《茶经》, Chájīng) waqinisekisa: “Itiye njengesiphuzo livela ku-Shennong.” Le mibhalo yaqinisa isikhundla sase-Shennongjia njengomunye wemithombo yesiko letiye lase-China.

Umlando wesimanje wokutshalwa kwetiye e-Shennongjia uqala maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ngokwe-”Shennongjia Zhi” (《神农架志》), ngo-1977 idolobhana i-Muyu lalinama-mu angu-3,735 ezingadi zetiye elikhiqiza amajin angu-30,900 etiye elomile ngonyaka, kodwa ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obungelutho, ikhwalithi nokuthengiseka kwakuhlala kuphansi. Ushintsho olukhulu lwafika ngo-1986, lapho i-Institute of Fruit and Tea Cultures ye-Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences isungula izinhlobo zokuqala ezinamagama: i-”Shennong Qifeng” (神农奇峰) ne-”Shennong Bifeng” (神农碧峰). Ngo-1992 i-”Shennong Qifeng” yathola isikhundla se-”Famous Tea of Hubei” (湖北名茶). Ngo-2007 emahlathini ajulile ase-Muyu kwatholakala amaqembu ezihlahla zetiye ezikhula endle—ubufakazi obubalulekile bokuthi itiye lalikhula lapha isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokutshalwa.

Isikhathi eside isifunda besigxile kuphela etiyeni elihlaza. Ushintsho oluya ekukhiqizweni kwe-hongcha kwaba isinqumo sesu seminyaka yawo-2010: ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi izinto ezingavuthiwe eziphakeme zase-Shennongjia—ezinamazinga aphezulu e-amino acid kanye namandla ephunga acebile—zilungele ngokuphelele i-hongcha netiye elimhlophe. Ngo-2022 i-Shennongjia yafakwa ngokusemthethweni yi-Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture ohlwini “lwezindawo Ezisemqoka Zokukhiqiza Itiye E-Hubei” (湖北省茶叶主产区). Ihongcha ekhiqizwa ngaphansi kwama-brand anjenge “Lin Hong Xian” (林红仙, “Inkosi Yasehlathini Elibomvu”), “Shennong Qifeng” namanye, yasheshe yazuza ukuqashelwa ezimakethe zase-Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong nase-Zhejiang.
Igama: “I-Shennongjia” (神农架) iyigama lendawo, ngokoqobo “uMjiko/Umthunzi ka-Shennong”: ngokwesiko, u-Shennong wakha iziteji ngokhuni (架, jià) ukuze aqoqe futhi omise izitshalo zokwelapha emithambekeni yalezi zintaba. “Hong cha” (红茶) isho “itiye elibomvu”. Ngakho-ke, igama eligcwele lisho “I-Hongcha evela e-Shennongjia”—ukuxhumana okuqondile nomsunguli wezinganekwane we-phytotherapy yase-China nesiko letiye.
Ukubaluleka kwesiko: I-Shennongjia ingenye yezindawo zamagugu omhlaba ze-UNESCO (kusukela ngo-2016) kanye nesiqiwu somhlaba wonke (kusukela ngo-1990). Itiye elikhiqizwe endaweni enesikhundla esinjalo lithola ubukhulu obungeziwe—lifanekisela umqondo wokuvumelana phakathi kwezolimo nemvelo. Abalimi betiye bendawo bathuthukisa umqondo we “ecological tea garden” (生态茶园): esikhundleni samasimu angenalutho, kunezihlahlana zetiye ezikhula phakathi kwezihlahla, utshani nezimbali zasendle, ngaphansi kwezimo ezisondele kakhulu kohlelo lwemvelo lwasehlathini. Lokhu kuyisimemezelo esithile setiye “lasendle”—indlela entsha ekutshalweni kwetiye e-China.

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezisatshalaliswa ngokungatholi umsoco endaweni (无性系, wúxìngxì): i-Fuding Dabai (福鼎大白, Fúdǐng Dàbái)—umuthi omncane oqhakaza kakhulu osebenze kahle ezindaweni eziphakeme; i-Jinguanyin (金观音, Jīn Guānyīn)—i-hybrid enamandla amakhulu ephunga elimnandi; ne-Echa 10 Hao (鄂茶10号, È chá 10 hào)—uhlobo olukhethekile oluvelelwa ezimeni zase-Hubei. Ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezitshaliwe, kusifunda kubikwa amaqembu ezihlahla zetiye ezikhula endle Camellia sinensis, ezatholwa ngo-2007—izinto ezingavuthiwe ezivela kuzo zisetshenziselwa amaqoqo amancane e-”Shennongjia Wild Tea” (神农架野茶).
Ukuvuna: Ngenxa yokuphakama nezulu elibandayo, ukumila kwezitshalo kuqala kamuva kunezindawo ezisemathafeni. Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya kuMeyi. I-Shennongjia ayikwazi ukuncintisana emkhakheni we “Pre-Qingming tea” (明前茶), kodwa ukuvuna kamuva kuqinisekisa ukunqwabelana isikhathi eside kwe-amino acid noshukela.
Izinga lokuvuna: Iqabunga elilodwa kanye namaqabunga amancane amabili (一芽一二叶, yī yá yī-èr yè). Kwi-hongcha, iqabunga elikhule kancane liyavunyelwa kuneletiye elihlaza, okwandisa umzimba wokuphisa.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Iqabunga eliphelele, elingalimele, elingenazo iziqu eziqinile. Akukho ukubambezeleka phakathi kokuvuna nokuncipha kwamanzi. Emiqoqweni engcono kakhulu, amaqabunga aqoqwa ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphezu kwama-1,200 m, lapho ukunqwabelana kwezinto ezinephunga elimnandi kuyinani eliphezulu.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshalwa:

Indawo nemvelo: I-Shennongjia iyigquma lezintaba elixube imigqa yezintaba i-Daba (大巴山) ne-Jingshan (荆山), esebangeni eliphakeme ukusuka kuma-398 kuye ku-3,106 m. Izingadi zetiye zitholakala emithambekeni yezintaba endaweni yesifunda somfula i-Xiangxi (香溪河, umngenela we-Yangtze), phakathi kwamahlathi axubene amacembe abanzi nezihlahla zepayini. Ukumbozwa kwehlathi I-Muyu kungaphezu kuka-88.6%, okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomoya ehlukile (ukugcwala kwama-ion amabi kufinyelela ku-30,000 nge-cubic centimetre ngalinye) nokukhanya okuhlakazekile.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Izingadi zetiye—ukusuka ku-550 kuye ku-1,465 m (imininingwane yase-Muyu); amasimu angcono kakhulu—ukusuka ku-1,000 kuye ku-1,400 m. Ezinye izingadi zetiye zitholakala eduze kwe-Qingtianbao Pass endaweni ephakeme engaba ngu-1,400 m.
Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi: Endaweni yase-Muyu—cishe u-11.6°C, okuphansi kakhulu kuneningi lezifunda zetiye e-China. Ihlobo eliphakathi—cishe u-20–22°C. Umehluko wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku—uyabonakala, okunomthelela ekunqwabelaneni kwezinto ezinephunga elimnandi nama-amino acid.
Imvula: I-1,200–2,500 mm ngonyaka kuye ngokuphakama. Umswakama uhlale uphezulu; inkungu yezintaba—kuyinto evamile, ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi wezintaba ophuzi-nsundu (黄棕壤) kanye nomhlabathi wamahlathi onsundu (棕壤), pH 5.5–6.9. Ubukhulu bocucu olunempilo luhluka kuma-20–40 cm, okuhlukile ezifundeni zetiye. Umhlabathi unothe ngamaminerali, ukhetshe kahle ngenxa yendawo eyizintaba.
Isimo sezokusingatha Imvelo: Indawo ayinazo izimboni, ayinakho ukungcoliswa. Amapulazi etiye asebenzisa izimiso zokulima ngendlela eyinsila; amapulazi amabili anesitifiketi setiye eliyinsila. Ezingadini zetiye zohlobo olusha, izihlahla zendawo—i-dove tree (珙桐), i-cinnamon tree, ne-redwood—zitshalwa phakathi kwemigqa yezihlahlana, okwakha izinhlelo ezincane zemvelo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Shennongjia Hongcha ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-gongfu hongcha obuhambisana nezici zezinto ezingavuthiwe eziphakeme. Inhloso ewumgogodla ukuvula amandla e-amino acid nezinto ezinephunga elimnandi, okunqwabelene ngaphansi kwezimo zebhande nokukhula okunensayo.

Ukuncipha kwamanzi (萎凋, wěidiāo): Iqabunga elisanda kuvunwa liyendlalwa ngongqimba oluncane emadayisini oqalo noma egunjini elinomoya olawulekayo. Ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu sezintaba esipholile, ukuncipha kwamanzi kungathatha isikhathi eside kunezindawo ezisemathafeni. Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ngama-55–65% omswakama wokuqala, libe lithambile futhi linwebekayo. Ukuncipha kwamanzi isikhathi eside kusiza ekuvulekeni okuphelele kwephunga elimnandi.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Iqabunga elinciphile lisongwa ngomshini ukuze kuphulwe imithambo yamaseli futhi kukhishwe ijusi lamaseli ngaphandle. Ukusonga kwakha isimo esiminyene, esinwebekayo samaqabunga etiye futhi kuqinisekisa i-oxidation efanayo.
Ukuvutshelwa / i-Oxidation (发酵, fājiào): Iqabunga elisongiwe lifakwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okulawulekayo (25–28°C) nomswakama ophezulu. Ama-catechin aguqulwa abe ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin, akhe umbala obomvu wokuphisa kanye neprofayili yokunambitha okunjengoju. Ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu e-amino acid ezintweni ezingavuthiwe, ukuvutshelwa kuqhubeka kamnandi, ngaphandle kokubaba okweqile.
Ukomiswa (干燥, gānzào): Kuyizinyathelo ezimbili: ukumiswa kokuqala engezinga eliphezulu lokushisa ukuze kumiswe i-oxidation, bese kuba “umlilo onele” (足火) engezinga eliphansi lokushisa ukuze kuqiniswe iphunga elimnandi futhi kususwe ngokuphelele umswakama kufike ku-4–6%.
Ukuhlelwa (精制/分级, jīngzhì/fēnjí): Itiye eliqediwe liyasiswa, kuhlukaniswe izingxenye. Amaqoqo ahlelwa ngokosayizi weqabunga, okuqukethwe ama-tip, kanye nezimpawu zekhwalithi.

6. Izici Zokuzwa:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga etiye asongwe ngokuqinile, anwebekayo, anombala omnyama onokucwazimula “okunjengamafutha” (乌润). Ama-tip asagolide ayalala ayabonakala, enikeza iqoqo isimo esikhethekile. Iqabunga lilingana, lihlelwe kahle.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Injengoju ebonakalayo (蜜香, mì xiāng) enemicu ye-caramel, izithelo ezomisiwe, kanye nethoni elula lezimbali. Okubalulekile “ukuhlanzeka” kwephunga—ukungabikho kwamanothi angaphandle, okuhlobene nemvelo yokukhula ehlanzekile ngokuphelele.
Iphunga lokuphisa: Lijulile, lifudumele, nobumnandi obuphambili obunjengoju. Kuvuleka kancane kancane: amanothi okuqala—uju nezithelo ezivuthiwe; ukuphisa okuphakathi—i-caramel, ukhuni olufudumele; okokugcina—ubumnandi obuphansi obunomsuka wamantongomane abhakiwe.
Ukunambitha: Kuminyene, kuyindilinga, nobumnandi obugcwele bemvelo (甘爽, gān shuǎng). Umzimba wetiye uphakathi nendawo, “ubushelelezi”. Ukuzwela kuncane, kushintsha ngokushesha kube ukunambitheka okumnandi okuhlala isikhathi eside (回甘). Ukunambitheka kwangemuva kuhlala isikhathi eside, nomzila wezithelo noju. Okubalulekile “ukungena amanzi” (鲜活)—umuzwa wokusha ophilayo, ohlukanisa amatiye asezintabeni eziphakeme anamazinga aphezulu e-amino acid.
Umbala wokuphisa: Unombala obomvu-okwethusi ukuya kobomvu, okhanyayo futhi ohlanzekile, nokucwazimula okuhle. Kumaqoqo angcono—unomphetho omncane osagolide.
Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Ubomvu-okwethusi, bumbala ngokulinganayo. Amaqabunga aphelele, anwebekayo, athambile. Emabangeni aphezulu—athambile futhi acwazimulayo, avuleka abe amapuleti agcwele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenol: Isamba esiphelele ku-hongcha ngemuva kokuvutshelwa—cishe 12–18% wesisindo esomile. Ingxenye enkulu yama-catechin iguqulwa ibe ama-theaflavin (茶黄素) nama-thearubigin (茶红素), okuhlinzeka ngombala, “ubushelelezi” nethoni “yoju” yokuphisa. Ukukhula ezindaweni eziphakeme, ngokuvamile, kunciphisa okuqukethwe kokuqala kwe-polyphenol uma kuqhathaniswa namaqabunga asemathafeni, okwenza ihongcha yase-Shennongjia ingabi nokuzwela okuningi futhi ibe “mnandi” ngokwengeziwe.
Ama-Amino Acid: Okuqukethwe okunyukile (cishe 3.5–5%) kungumphumela wesimo sezulu esipholile nokukhula okunensayo kwamahlumela. I-L-theanine ihlinzeka ngobumnandi bemvelo, “ubusha” kanye nokuthambile kokunambitheka, kanye nomphumela wokuphumuza.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine—2.5–4% wesisindo esomile. I-theobromine ne-theophylline ngamanani avamile e-hongcha. Isimo sezulu esibandayo sezintaba singanciphisa kancane okuqukethwe i-caffeine.
Imichiza enephunga elimnandi engaphuma: Izimo zokuphakama nokuhluka okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa emini/ebusuku zisiza ekunqwabelaneni kwe-linalool, i-geraniol, nama-oxide azo—izingxenye eziwumgogodla wephunga likaitiye olifana noju nezimbali.
Amavithamini: C (okugcinwa ngokwengxenye ngemuva kokuvutshelwa), B₁, B₂, P, PP.
Amaminerali: I-Potashiyamu, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-selenium. Umhlabathi ocebile wezintaba we-organic uhlinzeka ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-microelement.

8. Izinzuzo Zemplio:

Ukuvuselela okuthambile nokusekelwa kwengqondo: Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine namazinga aphezulu e-L-theanine ihlinzeka ngokuqaphela okuzinzile, okuzolile, kuthuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo nokukhumbula ngaphandle kwengcindezi.
Isivikelo se-Antioxidant: Ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin, kanye nama-catechin asalayo, anciphisa ama-free radical, evikela amangqamuzana emonakalweni we-oxidative.
Ukusekela ukugayeka kokudla: Ihongcha efudumele eneprofayili ye-tannin ethambile iphatheke kahle esiswini, isiza ekugayeni ukudla okunamafutha, ingabangeli ukucasuka kolwelwesi lwamathumbu.
Ukusekela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukudla i-hongcha okulingene njalo kuhlobene nokwehla kwezinga le-LDL cholesterol nokuthuthuka kwesimo semithambo yegazi.
Umphumela wokufudumala: Ihongcha ngokwesiko ibonwa njengesiphuzo “esifudumele” (性温). I-Shennongjia Hongcha, enobumnandi bayo boju nomzimba ogcwele, ifaneleka ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zekwindla nobusika.
Ukuphumuza nokunethezeka ngokomzwelo: Amzinga aphezulu e-L-theanine anomphumela omncane wokunciphisa ukukhathazeka. Iphunga elifudumele likajusi lihambisana nomphumela wokuphumuza ezingeni lomzwelo.
Ukusekela amasosha omzimba: Ama-polyphenol e-hongcha anezici zokulwa namagciwane nezimpawu, esekela izindlela zokuzivikela ezingokwemvelo zomzimba.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95°C. Emaqoqweni athambile kakhulu anesabelo esiphezulu sama-tip—85–90°C.
Inani letiye: 4–5 g nge-100–120 ml (indlela ye-gongfu); 2–3 g nge-200–250 ml (ukugxilisa okwe-Europe).
Isitsha: I-porcelain gaiwan (盖碗) enomthamo we-100–120 ml—ukukhetha okuhle, okuvumela ukulawulwa kokukhishwa nokuqonda ngokugcwele iphunga elimnandi. I-teapot eyakhiwe nge-porcelain nayo iyasebenza. Ukuthola isimilo “esifudumele”, esisongayo—i-teapot yodaka yase-Yixing.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza i-gaiwan noma i-teapot ngamanzi abilayo, uwakhiphe.
2. Thela itiye, uvale ngesembozo imizuzwana embalwa—fudumeza iqabunga elomile futhi uphefumulele iphunga elimnandi elivulekile.
3. Ukugeza (润茶): ukugxilisa okusheshayo okwemizuzwana engu-1–2—uma ufisa.
4. Ukugxilisa kokuqala: thela amanzi, ugxilise imizuzwana engu-5–8, uthele ku-chahai.
5. Ukugxilisa okulandelayo: khulisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-3–5.
6. Inani lokugxilisa: 6–8 emaqoqweni anekhwalithi; amaqoqo aminene, asezingeni eliphezulu angakwazi ukuya kwangaphezu kwayi-10.
7. Indlela yase-Europe: 2–3 g enkomishini engu-200 ml, ukugxilisa imizuzu engu-3–4.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukugcinwa kufana nakwezinye izingxube zikaiteyi eziningi: isitsha esivalekayo (isikhwama se-aluminium ethini noma ekonkini), ukuvikela ukukhanya, umswakama, nephunga lokungena. Izinga lokushisa elifanelekile—10–25°C; isiqandisi asidingeki. Isikhathi sokugcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele—izinyanga eziyi-18–24. Amaqoqo aminene, athosiwe kahle, angakwazi “ukuvundla” iminyaka emi-2–3, athole iprofayili yokunambitheka eyindilinga nejulile. Ngemuva kokuvulwa kwephakeji, kuyanconywa ukusebenzisa itiye zingakapheli izinyanga ezi-2–3.

11. Intengo Nokukhohlisa:

I-Shennongjia Hongcha ithatha indawo yentengo ephakathi emakethe yase-China ye-hongcha. Itiye elihlaza elivela kulesi sifunda lithengiswa ngama-yuan angu-200–250 nge-500 g, i-hongcha—iyabiza, cishe ama-yuan angu-300–500 nge-500 g emaqoqweni ajwayelekile, ngemali ephakeme emaqoqweni avela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezikhula endle noma emabangeni aphezulu kakhulu. Intengo ithonywa: ukuphakama kokukhula, ubudala bezihlahla zetiye (izihlahla ezikhula endle—umkhakha ophakeme), isitifiketi se-organic, isizini, nezinga lokuvuna.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhohlisa:
1. Thenga kubanikezeli abanomlando wesifunda sase-Shennongjia, ngokuthandekayo—okubekezelelwe ipulazi elithile.
2. Phawula iphunga le-honey elimnandi ngaphandle kokuqina okwenziwe—izinto ezingavuthiwe eziphakeme zase-Shennongjia ziphawuleka “ngokuhlanzeka” kwephunga.
3. Ukuphisa kufanele kukhanye, kubomvu-okwethusi, nokunambitheka okumnandi okuthambile; ukufiphalisa noma ukuzwela okunzima kuyinkomba yokuthathela indawo ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezisezindaweni eziphansi.
4. Hlola isitifiketi se-organic noma ukuba ingxenye yemikhiqizo ebhalisiwe yalesi sifunda.
5. Intengo ephansi ngendlela esolisayo yetiye elinelebula elithi “I-Shennongjia Wild Tea” iyisibonakaliso sokukhohlisa.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-Shennongjia iyona ndawo yokuphatha e-China enesikhundla se “district forest” (林区), hhayi ikomkhulu, idolobha, noma isifunda esizimele. Itiye elikhiqizwa lapha—lingumkhiqizo wendawo enesimo sokuphatha esiyingqayizivele, lapho ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu kunokukhula komnotho.
Ngo-2007 emahlathini ajulile ase-Muyu kwatholakala amaqembu ezihlahla zetiye ezikhula endle, ezinye zazo, ngobufakazi bezakhamuzi zendawo, ngaphambilini zazifinyelela osayizi abanele ukusetshenziswa njengezingodo zokwakha. Lokhu kutholwa kwaqinisekisa ukuthi itiye lalikhula kulezi zintaba isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuvela kwamasimu atshalwe ngabantu.
Inganekwane ka-Shennong ithi “uMlimi Waphezulu” wakha iziteji ngokhuni (架) emithambekeni yezintaba ukuze omise futhi ahlole izitshalo zokwelapha. Igama uqobo “I-Shennongjia”—“uMjiko ka-Shennong”—ligcina lokhu kuxhumana okuyinganekwane nemvelaphi ye-phytotherapy nokufunda ngetiye.
Ukugcwala kwama-ion amabi emoyeni ezingadini zetiye zase-Shennongjia kufinyelela ku-30,000 nge-cubic centimetre ngalinye—okuphakeme ngokuphindwe amashumi kunasemadolobheni. Lokhu kuyinkomba yokuhlanzeka okuphelele kwemvelo.
Umfula i-Xiangxi (香溪河, “Umfudlana Onephunga Elimnandi”), ogeleza endaweni yezivande zetiye e-Muyu, ngokwesiko lase-China uhlobene nenganekwane ka-Wang Zhaojun (王昭君)—omunye “wezintokazi ezine ezinkulu” zase-China yasendulo. Ngokwesiko, u-Zhaojun osemusha waqoqa itiye osebeni lwalo mfula futhi wabelana ngalo nabangane bakhe; labo abaphuza leli tiye baqhakaza ngobuhle.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye amahongcha:

I-Yichang Yihongcha (宜都宜红茶, Yídū Yí Hóng Chá): “Umakhelwane” esifundazweni sase-Hubei. I-Yihongcha—iyi-gongfu hongcha yakudala yase-Hubei evela ezindaweni eziphansi (200–800 m), enokunambitheka okuminyene, okugcwele nokuzwela okucacile. I-Shennongjia Hongcha—ithambile kakhulu, imnandi futhi “ihlanzekile” ngokunambitheka ngenxa ye-terroir ephezulu nokuqukethwe okukhulayo kwe-amino acid.
I-Lichuan Hong (利川红, Lìchuān Hóng): Okunye ukudla okubomvu kwase-Hubei okuvela endaweni yezintaba yase-Enshi (恩施). I-Lichuan Hong nayo ikhiqizwa ezindaweni eziphakeme, kodwa ezindaweni eziphansi (600–1,000 m). Yaziwa ngephunga lezimbali elikhanyayo nokunambitheka koju. I-Shennongjia Hongcha iyidlula “ngokuhlanzeka” kwemvelo kanye nasezingeni “lobudala” be-terroir.
Uhlobo luka-Junmei (金骏眉, Jīn Jùnméi): Ihongcha yase-Fujian edumile ngama-tip ahlanzekile. I-Jin Junmei—“iyamakha”, inhle, inamanothi oju, izimbali, nezithelo ezomisiwe. I-Shennongjia Hongcha—ayinamakha kangako, kodwa “iyigquma” kakhulu: umuntu wezwa ubusha bezintaba “nokuhlanzeka kwasehlathini”, okungekho etiyeni lase-Fujian.
I-Dianhong (滇红, Diānhóng): Ihongcha yase-Yunnan evela ezinhlobonhlobo ezinamaqabunga amakhulu. I-Dianhong—inamandla, igcwele umzimba, inamanothi e-cocoa noshokoledi. I-Shennongjia Hongcha—ivela ezinhlobonhlobo ezinamaqabunga amancane, ithambile kakhulu, inomzimba olula futhi igxile ebumnandini bemvelo kanye “nokusha kwezintaba.”

Ekuphetheni:

I-Shennongjia Hongcha iyitiye- inganekwane ngomqondo ongokoqobo: okuzalwa endaweni lapho, ngokwesiko, isintu saqala khona ukuzwa ukunambitheka kweqabunga letiye, liphethe inkumbulo yalesi siqalo. Kodwa futhi liyitiye lesimanjemanje ngokuphelele, umkhiqizo wenguquko eqaphelile yesifunda kusuka etiyeni elihlaza elikhulu kuya kwi-hongcha yasesitolo, esebenzisa ngokugcwele i-terroir ephezulu yezintaba eziyisiqiwu. Ubumnandi bayo boju, “ukuhlanzeka kwasehlathini” kwephunga, nomzimba obucayi kudala isipiliyoni setiye esingafani nama-dianhong anamandla noma ama-hongcha ase-Fujian “anamakha”: liyitiye elizolile, eligxilile, lapho umuntu ezwa khona ukuphola kwenkungu yasezintabeni kanye nokuphana kwezwe lasendulo. Lilihle kakhulu kulabo abazisa kwi-hongcha hhayi amandla kuphela, kodwa nokuhlanzeka—lokho kuhlanzeka okungakhishwa kuphela yisiqhingi esiluhlaza esingakathintwa kumugqa wamashumi amathathu nanye.