Shèngzhōu Huī Bái

IShèngzhōu Huī Bái ingenye yamalungu ambalwa asalayo etiyeni eliluhlaza laseShayina eligoqiwe eliyindilinga. Leli tiye livela esifundazweni saseZhejiang, elaqala ukuduma ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaQing njengesipho enkantolo, futhi linezimpawu ezingavamile zokwakheka kwalo ‘kungathi kuyindilinga kodwa kungenjalo’ kanye nobuchwepheshe obukhethekile be-hui guo ephansi — ukugazingwa kancane emubhobhweni otshekileyo (wok). Phakathi kwabanolwazi betiye, luthakaselwa ‘njengeparele phakathi kwetiyeni eliluhlaza elindilinga laseChina’.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nendabuko:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Alivuthiwe, izinga le-oxidation lincane (ngaphansi kwama-5%).
• Isigaba: Itiye elidumile lomlando waseChina (中国历史名茶). Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda eliyindilinga-kusongwa (圆形绿茶, yuánxíng lǜchá).
• Indabuko: IChina, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江省, Zhèjiāng shěng), idolobha laseShengzhou (嵊州市, Shèngzhōu shì), isifunda saseSiming Mountain (四明山, Sìmíng Shān). Izindawo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza: idolobhana laseXiawang (下王镇, Xiàwáng zhèn) — umuzi waseQuangang (泉岗村, Quángǎng cūn), kanye nomzana waseGuimen (贵门乡, Guìmén xiāng) — umuzi waseShangwushan (上坞山村, Shàngwùshān cūn).
• Izixhumanisi Zendawo: Cishe u-29.70° N, 120.88° E (inkomba — umuzi waseQuangang emthambekeni oseningizimu wentaba iFuzhi).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Indawo yaseShengzhou yanamuhla endulo yayiyingxenye yesifunda saseYuezhou (越州), futhi itiye lendawo lalaziwa ngegama elijwayelekile elithi Yuezhou cha (越州茶). NgeNkathi yeNtshonalanga Yan (206 BC – 9 AD), le ndawo, eyayibizwa ngaleso sikhathi ngokuthi iShan County (剡县), yayidume ngetiye elivela emfuleni ongaphezu kweShanxi (剡溪). Ngenkathi yobukhosi bakwaTang, ingcweti yetiye uLu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) ku “Canon of Tea” (茶经, Chájīng) wakhuluma ngamatiye avela esifundeni saseYuezhou.

  I-Hui Bai uqobo, njengetiye elinesimo esisongwe ‘kungathi kuyindilinga kodwa kungenjalo’ (似圆非圆), yaqala ukwakheka, ngokusho kwabaningi bezazi zetiye, emuva ekuqaleni kwenkathi ye-Qing (ngekhulu le-17). Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Tongzhi (同治, 1862–1874), ubuchwepheshe bapheleliswa, futhi itiye lazuza isikhundla sesipho senkantolo (贡茶, gòngchá). Kungalesi sikhathi lapho laqanjwa khona ngokuthi i-Qiangang Hui Bai (前岗辉白) — ngegama lomuzi waseQiangang (kamuva uQuangang).

  Ngo-1915, itiye laklonyeliswa ngendondo yegolide embukisweni wamazwe ngamazwe we-Panama-Pacific eSan Francisco. Ngokweminye imininingwane, emibuthanweni yetiye yaseBrithani lalibizwa nge-‘Green Pearl’. Ngo-1956, iphephandaba laseHong Kong i-Dagongbao lafaka i-Quangang Hui Bai ohlwini lwalo lwetiye eziyishumi ezidumile zaseChina, lapho laba sesikhundleni sesibili.

  Phakathi nezimpi neziyaluyalu maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bacishe banyamalala. Ukuvuselelwa kwaqala ngo-1975, lapho ingcweti yefa elingaphathekiyo u-Yu Fanghua (俞芳华) evuselela ubuciko besintu. Kusukela ngawo-2010, itiye lazuza ukuqashelwa okuhlukahlukene okusemthethweni: isikhundla sophawu oludumile lwezohwebo lwesifundazwe saseZhejiang, ukufakwa kwirejista yamagugu angaphathekiyo amasiko eShaoxing. Ngo-2019, iShengzhou Hui Bai yaklonyeliswa ngesitifiketi sika-‘Umkhiqizo Omdala Wesifundazwe SaseZhejiang’ (浙江老字号).

• Igama: IShengzhou (嵊州) — isifunda sokuphatha lapho itiye likhiqizwa khona. I-Hui (辉) — ibhekisele esigabeni esisemqoka sobuchwepheshe i-hui guo (辉锅, ‘ukugazingwa ukunikeza ukucwebezela’), lapho ikhasi elomile lithola okumhlophe okufana nesithwathwa — ‘isithwathwa’. I-Bai (白) — ‘okumhlophe’, ichaza lesi sithwathwa (起霜, qǐshuāng) ebusweni betiye eselilungile. Ngaleyo ndlela, igama eligcwele ngokwezwi nezwi lisho ‘[itiye] elimhlophe elicwebezelayo laseShengzhou’. Imibhalo yomlando: i-Qiangang Hui Bai (前岗辉白 / 前冈煇白), i-Quangang Hui Bai (泉岗辉白).

• Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko: I-Hui Bai ixhumene kakhulu nomlando wamasiko wamatiye aluhlaza aseZhejiang futhi ibonwa njengomanduleli we-Pingshui Zhucha (平水珠茶, píngshǔi zhūchá) edumile — ‘itiye leparele’, okwathi kusukela ngenkathi ye-Qing laba elinye lamatiye aluhlaza athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe aseChina. Ngenkathi i-Pingshui Zhucha yashintsha iba ukusontwa okuqinile okuyindilinga ukuze kube lula ukuthunyelwa olwandle, i-Hui Bai igcine isimo sakudala ‘esingeyona impela indilinga’, esalokhu iyitiye lemakethe yasekhaya kanye nezazi. Abantu bendawo bachaza indawo yomuzi waseQiangang ngamazwi anobuciko: ‘Qiangang dalingtou, zoulu peng bitou, yunwu rao shantou, laohu dun yantou’ (前岗大岭头，走路碰鼻头，云雾绕山头，老虎蹲岩头 — ‘Esiqongweni esikhulu se-Qiangang, umgwaqo ugudla amakhala, inkungu izungeza iziqongo, kanti ingwe ihleli etsheni’).

3. Isayensi Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Uhlobo: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
• Izinhlobo / Cultivar: Uhlobo lwendawo oluhlukahlukene (当地群体种, dāngdì qúntǐ zhǒng) — amakhasi amaphakathi namancane (中小叶种, zhōngxiǎo yè zhǒng), ingxube yofuzo eyakheke ngokomlando yemigqa evumelane nendawo ephakeme yezintaba iSiming Mountain. Ibhekana nesithwathwa esikhulu futhi inezinwele eziningi ezimhlophe emagatsheni amancane.
• Ukuvuna: Ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo — eduze kwe-Guyu (谷雨, ‘Izimvula Zokusanhlamvu’, cishe umhla ziyi-19–21 kuMbasa). Amabanga aphakeme avunwa ngaphambi kwe-Guyu, amabanga avamile — ngemva.
• Izinga Lokuvuna: Ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu (高档辉白): ihlumela elilodwa nekhasi elilodwa (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè), okuvunwa ngaphambi kwe-Guyu — lokhu okungavuthiwe kwakha cishe u-30% wenani eliphelele. Ezingeni elimaphakathi: ihlumela elilodwa namakhasi amabili asesigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka (一芽二叶初展). Ezingeni elijwayelekile: kusuka ehlumeleni elilodwa elinamabili kuya kwelilodwa elinamathathu emaqabungeni asesigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka. Ukukhiqiza u-500 g wetiye lezinga eliphakeme kudinga amahlumela angama-40,000–50,000.
• Izimfuneko Zento Engavuthiwe: Amagatsha amancane kufanele aqine, anezinwele eziningi ezimhlophe (芽叶肥壮，多白毫). Ngemva kokuvuna, okungavuthiwe kuyahlungwa ngokushesha, kufezeke ukufana ngobukhulu nezinga lokuvuthwa, bese kuhlukaniswa ngamabanga ukuze kucutshungulwe ngokwahlukile.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

• Indawo kanye nezwe: Izivande zetiye zisezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ye-Fuzhi Mountain (覆卮山, Fùzhī Shān, ukuphakama kwesiqongo 861 m), okuyingxenye yohlelo lwezintaba iSiming Mountain (四明山脉). Isizinda sokukhiqiza — izivande zetiye zasendulo zasemzini waseQuangang ekuphakameni okungaba ngu-500 m kanye namasimu asemzini waseShangwushan ekuphakameni okungaba ngu-650 m, okusezindaweni zamatshe asendulo eqhwa.
• Ukuphakama ensimini: 500–800 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
• Izulu: Izulu elingaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo elinamandla emvula. Inani lezinsuku ezininkungu ngonyaka liphezu kuka-280. Umswakama womoya ≥ 80%. Umehluko omkhulu emazingeni okushisa emini nasebusuku usiza ekwakhekeni kwezinto ezinephunga elimnandi nezinambitheka ekhasini. Isisho sendawo sichaza izimo: ‘Inkungu izungeza iziqongo’ — izihlahla zetiye zikhula ngempela emafini.
• Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi ophuzi ngokunsundu webhande leqhwa le-Fuzhi Mountain, owaziwa esikweni lendawo ngokuthi ‘umhlabathi womlotha’ (香灰土, xiānghuī tǔ). Ucebile ngezinto eziphilayo nezamaminerali. Izinga lehlathi lendawo lingama-93%, akukho ukungcola kwezimboni.
• Ezolimo: Ukuphathwa kwamasimu ngendlela evumelana nemvelo ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezivundisi zezimboni nezibulala-zinambuzane. Umthunzi wemvelo unikezwa ihlathi lasentabeni. Ukukhanya okuhlakazekile (漫射光, màn shè guāng) ngenkungu namahlumela ezihlahla kusiza ekwakhekeni okwengeziwe kwezinto ezinephunga elimnandi nama-amino acid ekhasini.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kweShengzhou Hui Bai kuyinqubo ekhathalayo ethatha isikhathi esingaba amahora ayi-15 esewonke. Isici esiyinhloko sobuchwepheshe — ukugazingwa kwe-hui guo (辉锅) okuthathela isikhathi eside ezingeni eliphansi, okwakha isimo esiyingqayizivele sekhasi ‘elingathi liyindilinga’ kanye nesithwathwa esimhlophe ebusweni baso. Yonke inqubo yenziwa ngesandla kusetshenziswa amathuluzi oqalo nezinkuni okunciphisa ukuthintana kwetiye nensimbi.

• Ukulungiswa / Sha Qing (杀青 — shāqīng): Izinga lokushisa le-wok etshekileyo lingu-200–220°C. Ukulayishwa — cishe u-1.5–1.7 kg wamacembe amasha nge-wok ngayinye. Ingcweti isebenza ngezinti zikaqalo, isebenzisa ukwenzisa komhlola ‘ukufudumala kakhulu, ukuphonsela phezulu kancane’ (多闷少抛, duō mèn shǎo pāo) ukuze ukulungiswa kuqiniseke ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokwomisa kakhulu ngaphezulu. Isikhathi — imizuzu eyi-8–9.
• Ukuqoqwa Kwasekuqaleni (初揉 — chū róu): Icembe elishisayo ngemva kokwenza i-sha qing liyagoqwa ngesandla ngazo zombili izandla ‘njenge-roller’ (滚揉, gǔn róu), lize libe namathe noma linamathele. Isikhathi — imizuzu emi-2–3.
• Ukomiswa Kwasekuqaleni (初烘 — chū hōng): Icembe eligoqiwe liyelulwa futhi lomiswe emisheni yoqalo (冲, chōng — igama lendawo, elifana ne-hongshao) phezu kwamalahle ezinkuni ezingeni lokushisa elingaba ngu-90°C kuze kube umbala ufiphala futhi ukunamathela kuphele.
• Ukuqoqwa Okulandelayo (复揉 — fù róu): Ukugoqwa okwengeziwe kwesandla kwemizuzu emi-2–3 ukuze kuqinise ukwakheka.
• Ukomiswa Okulandelayo (复烘 — fù hōng): Izinga lokushisa lehliselwe ku-60°C, isikhathi — imizuzu eyi-10–12.
• Ukugazingwa ‘Kohlaza Olwesibili’ (炒二青 — chǎo èr qīng): Kwenziwa ku-wok etshekileyo ezingeni lokushisa elingaba ngu-120°C. Ukulayishwa kukhuphukela ku-2.5–3.0 kg. Ingcweti ‘iyasunduza’ futhi ‘ihlikihla’ iceme ngezandla zombili (推炒, tuī chǎo), ilinikeze isimo sokuqala esiyindilinga. Isikhathi — imizuzu engama-30–35.
• I-Hui Guo — ‘Ukugazingwa Ngokucwebezela’ (辉锅 — huīguō): Lesi sigaba esiphakathi nesinqumayo. Ku-wok etshekileyo kulayishwa amaqabunga avela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezedlule. Izinga lokushisa ekuqaleni — cishe u-100°C, bese lehliselwa kancane ku-30–40°C. Ingcweti isunduza itiye ngobumnene eceleni kwendonga ye-wok ngezandla zombili, okwenza amaqabunga asonge kancane. Inqubo ithatha amahora ama-3–4 — lesi yisigaba eside kunazo zonke. Kungenxa ye-hui guo lapho iceme lithola isimo salo esiyisipesheli ‘sendilinga esontayo’ (盘花卷曲, pánhuā juǎnqū) futhi limbozwe isithwathwa esimhlophe (色白起霜). Ngemva kwe-hui guo, itiye eselilungile liyapholiswa kancane, lihlungelwe uthuli, futhi amaqabunga aphuzi nezinye izinto ezingafuneki zikhishwa ngesandla, bese lipakishwa ngokuvaleka liqinile ezitsheni zensimbi.

6. Izici Zokuhlola Ngemizwa:

• Isimo sangaphandle sekhasi elomile: Isimo esiyingqayizivele ‘sembali esontayo’ (盘花卷曲) — izinhlamvu, ezingeyona indilinga ngokuphelele kodwa ezisongwe ngokuqinile. Itiye lifana nezinsika eziyimizulane ezincane. Ingaphezulu limbozwe ‘isithwathwa’ esimhlophe esincane (披霜, pīshuāng), okungaphansi kwaso kukhanya umbala ogqamile ohlaza okwesimaragidu. Ubukhulu bezinhlamvu bufana, ukwakheka kuyaqina futhi kucocekile (紧结匀净).
• Iphunga lekhasi elomile: Lihlanzekile, lisha, linomsindo ogqamile we-castnut (栗香, lìxiāng). Etiyeni elivela ebhandeni leqhwa le-Fuzhi Mountain kungase kube khona lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ‘iphunga elibandayo’ (冷香, lěngxiāng) — umsindo omncane wamaminerali okubanda.
• Iphunga lengxube: Linamandla futhi licebile (浓爽, nóngshuǎng). Umsindo we-castnut uyabusa, uphelezelwa ukusha ‘okuluhlaza’ okuhlanzekile. Ezinhlotsheni ezingcono, iphunga liphakeme futhi lihlala isikhathi eside.
• Ukunambitheka: Kuqinile, kucebile (醇厚, chúnhòu), ngasikhathi sinye kusha futhi kuvuselela (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng). Ukunambitheka kubonakala kugcwele nokugxilile (浓醇, nóngchún), ngenxa yokugoqeka okuqinile: itiye lembuleka kancane kancane, likhulule izinto ngokwezwakala. I-Huigan (回甘, ubumnandi obubuyayo) — bukhawulezayo futhi buzwakala. Ubuhlungu nokubuhlungu okunamandla kuncane uma kwenziwa ngendlela efanele.
• Umbala wengxube: Oluhlaza-ngophuzi, ogqamile futhi ocacile (黄明清澈, huáng míng qīngchè), nokucwebezela okuncane.
• Iqabunga laphansi (iqabunga elenziwe itiye): Linombala ophuzi onqabile (嫩黄, nènhuáng), amaqabunga avuleka abe ‘yizimbali’ eziphelele (成朵, chéng duǒ), izihloko zamahlumela ziyabonakala (芽锋显露). Ukwakheka kwekhasi kufakazela ukucutshungulwa kwezinga eliphezulu okwenziwa ngesandla ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imishini ngokweqile.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚): Okuqukethwe ekhasini elomile kucishe kube ngu-18–22% — okuphakathi ngetiyeni eliluhlaza, okuyinto echaza ubuhlungu obuphansi nokubuhlungu okunamandla. Ama-catechin ayinhloko: i-EGCG, i-ECG, i-EGC, i-EC. Umsebenzi we-antioxidant wama-catechin e-Hui Bai, ngokusho kwemithombo, uphindwe kayi-10 kunalowo we-vitamin E.
• Ama-Amino Acid (氨基酸): Ngenxa yendawo ephezulu, amafu amaningi, nomehluko omkhulu wokushisa, okuqukethwe kwama-amino acid akhululekile kuphakeme — ekuvunweni kwentwasahlobo kwezinga eliphezulu kakhulu ≥ 4%. I-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸) iyabusa, okunikeza ‘ubumnandi bokusha’ isici kanye nomphumela wokuphumula.
• I-Caffeine (咖啡碱): Izinga elijwayelekile lamatiye aluhlaza — cishe u-2.5–3.5% wesisindo esomile. Ukusebenzisana kwe-caffeine ne-L-theanine kunikeza umphumela wokuphaphathekisa omncane, olinganiselayo ngaphandle kokujatshuliswa okukhulu.
• Amavithamini: Kukhona i-vitamin C (ascorbic acid), amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂), i-vitamin E, i-vitamin K. I-vitamin C igcinwa ngokwengxenye ngenxa ye-oxidation encane ekukhiqizeni.
• Izimbiwa: I-fluoride (okuqukethwe cishe okungu-200 ppm, okusiza ukuvikela i-enamel yamazinyo), i-potassium, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-selenium (i-microelement evamile emhlabathini webhande leqhwa laseFuzhi Mountain).
• Amafutha abalulekile kanye nezinto eziphunga kamnandi: Iphunga le-castnut lakhiwa ama-pyrazine ne-furan compounds, avela ngesikhathi se-hui guo ende. ‘Iphunga elibandayo’ letiye elivela emhlabathini weqhwa lingase lihlotshaniswe nokuqukethwe okwengeziwe kwama-terpene alcohols (i-linalool, i-geraniol).

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

• Ukuvikeleka Kwe-Antioxidant: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-catechin, ikakhulukazi i-EGCG, kunikeza ukungathathi hlangothi okunempumelelo kwama-radical akhululekile kanye nokuvikela amangqamuzana ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative.
• Ukuphaphathekisa Okuncane Nokugxila: Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine inikeza ukugcwala komqondo ngokulinganayo nokuzolile ngaphandle kokukhathazeka — umphumela ovame ukuchazwa njengengo-‘condo ehlanzekile’.
• Ukusekelwa Kwemetabolism: Ama-catechin, ikakhulukazi i-EGCG, asiza ukusheshisa i-lipid metabolism futhi angaba nomthelela ekulinganiseni izinga le-cholesterol egazini.
• Ukuvikela Amazinyo: Okuqukethwe okwengeziwe kwe-fluoride (cishe u-200 ppm) kuvimbela imisebenzi yamagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo futhi kuqinise i-enamel yamazinyo.
• Ukusekela Ukugayeka Kokudla: Ama-tannin alinganiselayo avuselela ukunyakaza kwamathumbu kanye noketshezi lokugaya. Itiye lifaneleka kahle ukuhambisana nokudla.
• Ingqikithi Yezinhliziyo Nethambo: Ama-polyphenol anomthelela ekuqinekeni kwemithambo yegazi futhi anganciphisa ubungozi be-atherosclerosis.
• Ukuqinisa Ukuzivikela Komzimba: I-vitamin C nama-polyphenol ndawonye anomthelela wokuqinisa ngokujwayelekile.
• Imingcele: Akunconywa ukuphuza ngesikhathi esiswini singenalutho ngenxa yokucasuka okungenzeka kwe-mucosa yesisu ngama-tannin. Uma unozwelo olwengeziwe ekuphuzeni i-caffeine, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

• Izinga Lokushisa Lamanzi: 80–90°C. Amabanga aphakeme kakhulu (特级) embuleka kangcono ku-80–85°C; ukusebenzisa amanzi abilayo akunconywa kakhulu — kucekela phansi i-chlorophyll futhi kuholela ekuphuzweni kwengxube kanye nokukhula kobuhlungu obukhulu.
• Inani Letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml (isilinganiso 1:50). Kwi-gaiwan yesitayela se-gongfu: 5–6 g ku-100–120 ml.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi (玻璃杯, bōlí bēi) — ukukhetha okungcono, okuvumela ukubona ukuvuleka okuhamba kancane kwezinhlamvu. I-gaiwan ye-porcelain (盖碗) yokwenza i-gongfu. Ikhemisi lengilazi noma le-porcelain.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo, uwakhiphe.
  2. Faka itiye. Engilazini yengilazi, indlela ye-‘fenduan chongpao’ (分段冲泡, ukwenza itiye ngokuhlukaniswa) iyanconywa: kuqala uthele ingxenye yesithathu yevolumu yamanzi, ulinde imizuzwana engama-20–30, bese ugcwalisa kuze kube yilolo olugcwele.
  3. Ukwenza itiye kokuqala — imizuzwana engama-30; uma kwenziwa engilazini, ungaqala ukuphuza ngaphandle kokulinda ukuvuleka okuphelele kwazo zonke izinhlamvu (ngaphandle kwalokho ingxube ingaba nokubuhlungu okunamandla).
  4. Ukusuka kwesesibili kuye kwesesine ukwenza, yandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana eyi-10 isikhathi ngasinye.
  5. Inani lokusebenzisa: 4–6, itiye elimelana nokuphindaphindwa ngenxa yokugoqeka okuqinile. Ngesitayela se-gongfu — kufika ekuphindaphindweni okungu-6–8 ngemizuzwana eyi-10–20 ngokunwetshwa kancane kancane.
  6. Itiye elivela ebhandeni leqhwa laseFuzhi Mountain lifaneleka kahle ekwenzeni itiye elibandayo (冷泡, lěng pào): 3–5 g ku-500 ml wamanzi abandayo, limiswe amahora ama-4–8 esiqandisini.
• Okubalulekile: Ingxube eselungile inconywa ukuthi iphuzwe phakathi nemizuzu engama-30–60 — ukuma isikhathi eside kuholela ekubuhlungwini okungadingekile kanye nokulahlekelwa ukusha kwephunga.

10. Ukugcina:

• Izimo: Ukupakishwa okuvaleke ngokuphelele (okungcono isikhwama esine-foil noma esinomoya oqoqiwe ngaphakathi kwethini lezinsimbi noma le-tin). Ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni, kumswakama, emaphungelweni angaphandle, kanye nasekushiseni.
• Izinga Lokushisa: Okungcono kakhulu — esiqandisini, 0–5°C ngokuvaleka ngokuqinile. Ukuze kusetshenziswe okwamanje (phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-1–2), indawo epholile nemnyama ngezinga lokushisa legumbi kwanele.
• Isikhathi Sokugcina: Ukunambitheka okugqamile kakhulu — ezinyangeni eziyisi-6–12 zokuqala ngemva kokukhiqiza. Itiye elisha linconywa ukuba limiswe izinsuku eziyi-10–15 kupakishwe kuvaliwe ngezinga lokushisa legumbi ukuze ‘kususwe umlilo’ (褪火气, tuì huǒqì) ngaphambi kokuba lisetshenziswe.
• Iseluleko Esiwusizo: Akufanele uvule kaningi umgqomo oyinhloko wokugcina. Kungcono ukuhlukanisa inani lezinsuku ezi-1–2 esikhwameni esincane esihlukile, bese inani elikhulu ligcinwa lingathintwanga.

11. Intengo Kanye Nezinto Zomgunyathi:

• Isigaba Sentengo: Ububanzi obukhulu kuye ngebanga. Ibanga eliphezulu kakhulu (特级, ngaphambi kwe-Guyu, ihlumela elilodwa — ikhasi elilodwa) — kusuka kuma-yuan angu-800 nge-500 g nangaphezulu. Ibanga elimaphakathi (一级) — kusuka kuma-yuan angu-300–600. Elijwayelekile (二级) — kusuka kuma-yuan angu-100–300. Intengo ihluka kakhulu kuye ngo mkhiqizi othile kanye nokuba seduze kwensimu nendawo eyinhloko yomlando (imizi yaseQuangang naseShangwushan).
• Ungawagwema Kanjani Ama-mgunyathi:
  • Ukuhlola Isimo: I-Hui Bai yangempela inesimo esiyingqayizivele ‘sediski esontayo’ — hhayi indilinga ngokuphelele (ngokungafani ne-Pingshui Zhucha), kodwa ‘kungathi kuyindilinga kodwa kungenjalo’, nesithwathwa esimhlophe esibonakalayo. Uma izinhlamvu ziyindilinga ngokulinganayo futhi zicwebezela — kungenzeka ukuthi yitiye leparele elijwayelekile.
  • Ukuhlola Iphunga: Umsindo we-castnut wangempela (栗香) wakhiwe kuphela ngesikhathi se-hui guo esiyisikhathi eside. Okungeyona ingqayizivele kuvame ukunuka ‘kugazingiwe’ noma kungathi utshani.
  • Ukuhlola Ingxube: Kufanele ibe luhlaza-ngophuzi, icace futhi ikhanye. Ingxube enodaka noma emnyama kakhulu ibonisa ukushintshwa kwezinto ezivuthiwe noma ukuphulwa kobuchwepheshe.
  • Ukuhlola Iqabunga Laphansi: Amaqabunga kufanele avuleke ‘ayizimbali’ eziphelele ezinezihloko zamahlumela ezibonakalayo. Amaqabunga amakhulu, adabukile — uphawu lokucutshungulwa ngomshini.
  • Ukuqapha Intengo: Itiye elithengiswa njenge-‘Shengzhou Hui Bai yebanga eliphezulu kakhulu’ ngentengo engaphansi kwama-yuan angu-500 nge-jin, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi lingumgunyathi noma into evuthiwe ekhishwe ezifundeni ezingomelwane.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Iningi lezazi zomlando wetiye likholelwa ukuthi i-Hui Bai yayiyisibonelo se-Pingshui Zhucha edumile — elinye lamatiye aluhlaza okuqala athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe aseChina, alayishwa ngechweba laseNingbo kusukela ngesikhathi se-Kangxi (1662–1722). I-Pingshui Zhucha yashintsha yaba ukugoqeka okuqinile okuyindilinga, kanti i-Hui Bai yagcina isimo sakudala, yaba ‘into ephilayo yasendulo’ yetiye laseZhejiang.
• Inqubo ye-hui guo yamahora ama-3–4 ngokwehla kancane kwezinga lokushisa kusuka ku-100°C kuya ku-30°C ayinakufaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza — lokhu kungenye yezindlela ezinde kakhulu zokusebenza ngesandla ezingaphezi ekukhiqizeni itiye laseChina.
• Umuzi waseQuangang usendaweni yamatshe asendulo eqhwa yaseFuzhi Mountain, anganeminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi ubudala. Imhlabathi eyingqayizivele ‘yomlotha’ webhande leqhwa unikeza itiye ‘iphunga elibandayo’ eliyingqayizivele, elingatholakali kumatiye avela kwezinye izifunda zaseZhejiang.
• Igama lomuzi lashintsha kaningi: i-Qiangang (前岗/前冈) → i-Quangang (泉岗, kusukela ngo-2003 ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwezokuphatha). Kanye nomuzi, negama letiye lashintsha, okwadala izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubhala eziyishumi ngesiShayina, eziphenduke isihloko socwaningo lwezilimi.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

• I-Pingshui Zhucha (平水珠茶, Píngshuǐ Zhūchá): Isihlobo esiseduze futhi, cishe, umzukulu we-Hui Bai. Umehluko omkhulu — i-Zhucha igoqwe yaba amabhola ayindilinga ngokuphelele, kanti i-Hui Bai — kungamadisk noma izinsika ezinamandla futhi ezimhlophe ngokungakhethekile. I-Zhucha ngokomlando yayikhiqizelwa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe futhi inesimo esijwayelekile kodwa esinganambitheki kahle; i-Hui Bai — itiye lezazi, elinomsindo we-castnut ogqamile kanye nokunambitheka okujulile.
• I-Xi Hu Longjing (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Zombili — amatiye aluhlaza aphezulu aseZhejiang, kodwa ngokobuchwepheshe ahlukile: i-Longjing — iyisicaba, icindezelwe ku-wok, inephunga likabhontshisi ne-castnut kanye nokumuncu ‘okunamafutha’. I-Hui Bai — igoqwe yindilinga, inomzimba oqinile, ogxilile futhi ivuleka kancane.
• I-Bi Luo Chun (碧螺春, Bìluóchūn): Ukugoqeka okuyizinsika kwe-Bi Luo Chun kanye nokugoqeka okuyindilinga kwe-Hui Bai — izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokwakha. I-Bi Luo Chun ilula kakhulu futhi inobumnene, inephunga lezithelo nezimbali; i-Hui Bai — iqinile, icebile, inomsindo we-castnut futhi imelana nokuphindaphindwa okungaphezulu.
• I-Yunwu Cha (云雾茶, Yúnwù Chá): Amatiye asesigabeni ‘samafu-nenkungu’ (ngokwesibonelo, i-Lushan Yunwu, i-Tiantai Mountain Yunwu cha) nawo akhula ezimeni zokuba namafu aphezulu futhi abelana ne-Hui Bai ngokuqukethwe okwengeziwe kwama-amino acid. Kodwa-ke, ama-Yunwu ngokuvamile anesimo esiqonde kakhudlwana noma esinjengoshevu futhi awagoqiwe kangako, okunikeza isimo esilula, ‘esinomoya’.

Ekuphetheni:

IShengzhou Hui Bai — leli tiye linguaalabo abazisa itiyeni eliluhlaza hhayi ukulula nokuhamba emoyeni, kodwa ukujula nokugxila. Izinhlamvu zalo eziqinile, ezimbozwe isithwathwa esimhlophe, zivuleka enkomishini ngokungasheshi, isikhashana ngesikhashana zikhulule iphunga le-castnut elicebile kanye nokunambitheka okujulile, okusha nokunamandla okunambitha okubuyayo. Ngemuva kwensika ngayinye kukhona umsebenzi wezandla wehora eliningi wengcweti emi ngase-wok etshekileyo; emsindweni ngamunye wephunga elibandayo — umhlabathi weqhwa we-Fuzhi Mountain nezinsuku ezingamakhulu amathathu zenkungu ngonyaka. Lokhu kungenye yabameleli bokugcina ‘abaphilayo’ bendabuko yakudala yaseZhejiang yamatiye aluhlaza ayindilinga — itiye elinomlando, ubunjalo, kanye nobuso balo siqu, elifanelwe ukunakwa okukhulu kakhulu kunalokho elikutholayo ngaphandle kwasekhaya lalo elincane.