Shēng Pǔ'ěr · new.thetea.app

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1. Ukwahlukaniswa Nomsuka:

Uhlobo: Itiye elivutshiwe ngemva kokuvutshelwa (post-fermented). Ivamise ukuhlukaniswa njengohlobo oluhlukile lwetiye, oluhlukile kweziluhlaza, ezimhlophe, eziphuzi, eze-oolong, ezibomvu nezimnyama.
Isigaba: Amatiye Adumile AseShayina, elinye lamatiye aseShayina adume kakhulu futhi ahlukile.
Umsuka: IShayina, isifundazwe saseYunnan (云南, Yúnnán). Ngokomlando, izifunda ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqiza yilezi:
- Izintaba Eziyisithupha Ezidumile Zamatiye (六大茶山, Liù Dà Chá Shān): Esifundeni saseXishuangbanna (Xishuangbanna): Youle (攸乐), Gedeng (革登), Yibang (倚邦), Mangzhi (莽枝), Manzhuan (蛮砖) neMansa (曼撒). Kamuva kwanezelwa ezinye eziyisithupha ezintsha: Nannuo (南糯), Nanqiao (南峤), Mengsong (勐宋), Jingmai (景迈), Bulang (布朗) neBada (巴达).
- Isifunda saseLincang (临沧, Líncāng): Lidume ngezihlahla zetiye zasendulo kanye nama-shēng anamandla, agcwele umnotho.
- Isifunda sasePu’er (普洱, Pǔ’ěr): Isikhungo somlando sokuhweba nge-pu’er, esanikeza lonke uhlobo lwetiye igama (nakuba idolobha ngokwalo lingesona isikhungo esibalulekile sokukhiqiza).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifundazwe saseYunnan siphakathi kuka-21° no-29° enyakatho ye-latitude kanye no-97° no-106° empumalanga ye-longitude.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Umlando weShēng Pǔ’ěr unamakhulu eminyaka, mhlawumbe nezinkulungwane. Ekuqaleni, itiye lalidliwa noma lisetshenziswe njengomuthi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwakheka isiko lokucindezela itiye libe izinkwa nezinye izindlela ukuze kube lula ukuligcina nokulithutha. Isikhathi eside, ishēng pu’er yayaziwa kakhulu eYunnan naseTibet, lapho yayithunyelwa khona nge “Ndlela Yetiye”. Ukwaziwa kabanzi ngaphandle kweShayina, amashēng pu’er athola kamuva nje, ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21.
Igama:
- “Shēng” (生) - eluhlaza, engacutshungulwanga, eliluhlaza, elincane. Libonisa isici esikhethekile sobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza - ukungabikho kokuguga okwenziwe (njengama-shu pu’er).
- “Pǔ’ěr” (普洱) - igama lesifunda sedolobha eYunnan, ngokomlando esasilokhu kuyisikhungo sokuhweba nge-pu’er. Manje leli gama lisetshenziselwa lonke uhlobo lwetiye.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ishēng pu’er ayilona nje itiye, kodwa iyingxenye yesiko elicebile nomlando waseYunnan. Ihlobene kakhulu namasiko abantu bendawo, inokubaluleka okukhulu kwezomnotho esifundeni. Emashumini eminyaka amuva, ishēng pu’er isibe yinto yokuqoqwa nokutshalwa kwezimali, futhi ukuyisebenzisa kwaphenduka isiko elisha eliphelele elinemikhuba yalo nabathandi bayo.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:

Uhlobo: Ekukhiqizweni kwe-shēng pu’er, kusetshenziswa kakhulu uhlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu iYunnan Da Ye Zhong (云南大叶种, Yúnnán Dàyèzhǒng - “Iqabunga Elikhulu LaseYunnan”), kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zalo nezinye izinhlobo zendawo, eziyingxenye ye-Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Lolu hlobo luphawuleka ngalokhu:
- Amaqabunga amakhulu: Amaqabunga makhulu kakhulu kunalawo ezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amancane ezisetshenziswa kwezinye izifundazwe.
- Amaqabunga anenyama, anamanzi: Isigaxa seqabunga siwugqinsi, sinenyama.
- Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol, ama-amino acid nezinye izinto: Okunikeza itiye ukunambitheka okugcwele, iphunga elimnandi namandla okuguga kahle.
Iminyaka yezihlahla: Esinye sezinto ezibalulekile ezithonya ikhwalithi nentengo ye-shēng pu’er. Kukhona lokhu:
- Tao Di Cha (小树茶) - Izihlahla ezincane, noma Izihlahla ezincane: Kusukela eminyakeni embalwa kuya emashumini ambalwa. Impahla eluhlaza evela ezitshalweni ezincane ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-pu’er angabizi kakhulu.
- Da Shu Cha (大树茶) - Izihlahla ezinkulu: Kusukela emashumini ambalwa kuya eminyakeni eyikhulu. Itiye elivela kulezi zihlahla linani eliphezulu.
- Gu Shu Cha (古树茶) - Izihlahla zasendulo: Ezisukela eminyakeni eyikhulu nangaphezulu, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube yinkulungwane nangaphezulu. Impahla eluhlaza evela ezihlahleni zasendulo ibhekwa njengebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebiza kakhulu.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwenzeka ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, kodwa kungenzeka futhi ehlobo nasekwindla. Okubaluleke kakhulu i-shēng pu’er yasentwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi eyenziwe ngempahla eluhlaza evunwe ngaphambi komkhosi weQingming (ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli).
Izinga lokuvuna: Ngokuya ngekhwalithi yetiye, kuvunwa ihlumela kanye neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili aphezulu, noma amaqabunga avuthiwe (amaqabunga ama-2-4).
Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Ziphezulu. Kusetshenziswa amaqabunga anempilo, angonakalanga kuphela. Kuma-shēng asezingeni eliphezulu, kukhethwa impahla eluhlaza emnene futhi enamanzi kakhulu.

4. Indawo Yezolimo Nezici Zokutshalwa:

Isifundazwe saseYunnan: Sisenintshonalanga eseningizimu yeShayina, emngceleni neMyanmar, iLaos neVietnam. Saziwa ngokuma kwaso kwezintaba, isimo sezulu esihlukahlukene nezitshalo ezinothile. IYunnan ibhekwa njengendawo okwavela kuyo isihlahla setiye iCamellia sinensis.
Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Amasimu amatiye namahlathi atholakala ekuphakameni okusukela kumamitha angama-800 kuya kwangu-2300 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle nangaphezulu.
Inhlabathi: Ihlukahlukene, kodwa iningi layo i-redsoil ne-yellowsoil evundile, ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo namaminerali.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokuya ngokuphakama nesifunda esithile, isimo sezulu singahluka kusuka kwe-subtropical kuya kokulinganisela. Kubonakala ngomswakama ophezulu, izimvula eziningi, inkungu evamile nokwehluka okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lishintsha lisuka ku-12 liye ku-23°C. Izimo ezinjalo zikhuthaza ukukhula kancane kwamaqabunga etiye nokuqoqeka kwezinto ezinamaphunga amaningi, ama-amino acid nezinye izinhlanganisela eziwusizo.
Imvelo: Izindawo eziningi lapho kutshalwa khona ama-shēng pu’er zinemvelo ehlanzekile, njengoba zikude namadolobha amakhulu nezikhungo zezimboni.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-shēng pu’er bulula uma buqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zetiye, kodwa budinga ikhono elikhulu nolwazi. Isici esiyinhloko - ukungabikho kokuguga okwenziwe (njengaku-shu pu’er). Ishēng pu’er ibila ngokwemvelo ngesikhathi sokugcinwa.

Ukuvuna (采摘 - cǎi zhāi): Kuchazwe ngenhla.
Ukubuna (萎凋 - wěidiāo): Amaqabunga avuniwe andlalwa ngongqimba oluncane emoyeni ovulekile (ukubuna elangeni noma emthunzini) noma endaweni enomoya omuhle. Inhloso - ukususa umswakama emaqabungeni, ukuwenze athambe futhi kuqale izinqubo ezilula ze-oxidation. Isikhathi salesi sigaba singahluka.
‘Ukubulala Uhlaza’ (杀青 - shā qīng): Ukugazinga ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kumiswe izinqubo zokubila. Lesi sigaba akwenziwa njalo, abanye abakhiqizi bayasitsikileza, ikakhulukazi ngempahla eluhlaza esezingeni eliphezulu, ukuze kulondolozwe ubunjalo obukhulu betiye. Uma “ukubulala uhlaza” kwenziwa, kuvamise ukuba lula futhi kuhle, kunakwetiye eliluhlaza.
Ukusonga (揉捻 - róuniǎn): Amaqabunga asongwa ngesandla noma ngemishini ekhethekile (amarola), ukuze kulinyazwe isakhiwo samangqamuzana, kukhishwe ijusi futhi kunikezwe amaqabunga isimo. Izinga lokusonga lingahluka.
Ukomisa (烘干 - hōnggān): Itiye lomiswa elangeni, emthunzini noma ezindlini zokomisa ezikhethekile. Ngokwesiko, ama-shēng pu’er omiswa elangeni, okuwanikeza isimilo esikhethekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi itiye lingomiswa ngokweqile, ukuze ligcine amandla okuqhubeka nokubila.
Ukuhlunga (分级 - fēnjí): Itiye eliluhlaza (Mao Cha - 毛茶) lihlungwa ngosayizi nekhwalithi.
Ukucindezela (压制 - yāzhì): Isigaba esingaphoqelekile. Ishēng pu’er ingathengiswa kokubili ngendlela ekhululekile (Mao Cha) noma ecindezelwe. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokucindezela:
- Isinkwa (饼茶, Bǐngchá): Ikhekhe eliyindilinga, ngokuvamile elinesisindo esingamagremu angu-357 (isisindo sendabuko, kodwa kukhona nezinye).
- Isitini (砖茶, Zhuānchá): Ibhrikidi elingunxande.
- Tuo Cha (沱茶, Tuóchá): Isidleke, indebe.
- Ezinye izindlela: Isikwele, ikhowe, ithanga, njll.
Ukugcinwa nokubila kwemvelo (陈化 - chénhuà): Ngemva kokomiswa (kanye nokucindezela, uma itiye licindezelwa), ishēng pu’er iyagcinwa. Kuyingesikhathi sokugcinwa lapho kwenzeka khona ukubila kwemvelo, okuncane kwetiye ngaphansi kwethonya lama-microorganisms, izinga lokushisa nomswakama. Le nqubo ingathatha iminyaka namashumishumi eminyaka, lapho ukunambitheka, iphunga nombala wetiye kuguquka kancane kancane.

6. Izici Zokuzwa (Organoleptic):

Izici zokuzwa ze-shēng pu’er zincike kakhulu eminyakeni yetiye, ikhwalithi yempahla eluhlaza, indawo yezolimo nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza. Ishēng Pu’er Encane (kuze kube yiminyaka emi-3-5):

Isimo seqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga anosayizi ophakathi noma amakhulu, asongiwe (izinga lokusonga lincike kumkhiqizi), anombala oluhlaza okotshani-nsundu, namahlumela asiliva noma asagolide (ama-tip).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elisha, elinjengotshani, elinezimpawu zezimbali, zezithelo (i-apula eliluhlaza, ipheya), kwesinye isikhathi elinezici ezilula zezinyosi.
Iphunga lensipho: Eliqhakazile, elisha, eligcwele izimpawu zotshani nezimbali, izinhlobonhlobo zezithelo, uhlaza.
Ukunambitheka: Okucacile, okunobumuncu obulula nokubaba, okusheshe kuguquke kube ukunambitheka okumnandi ngemva kokugwinya. Emculweni kungaba khona izici zohlaza olusha, izimbali, izithelo, uju. Ishēng encane ivamise ukuba nokunambitheka “okuluhlaza”, “okwotshani”.
Umbala wensipho: Ophuzi okhanyayo, oluhlaza osagolide, osobala.
Indawo yetiye (iqabunga eliphuzelelwe): Amaqabunga aphelele, anwebekayo, avuleke ngemva kokuphisa, anombala oluhlaza-nsundu.

Ishēng Pu’er Evuthiwe (ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5-7 nangaphezulu):

Isimo seqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga ayafiphala, athole izinhlobonhlobo zikansundu, ezibomvana, ezinsundu. Ukusonga kungase kungabi mncane kangako.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elijulile kakhulu, eliyinkimbinkimbi, eligcwele izici zezithelo ezomisiwe (um-pulamu, um-pricot omisiwe, amadethi), izinkuni, amantongomane, izinongo. Kuvela izici “zokuba komhlabathi”, “kamakhelwane ongaphansi”, “kwencwadi endala”.
Iphunga lensipho: Eliqhakazile, elimacala amaningi, elinezici zezithelo ezomisiwe, izinkuni, amantongomane, izinongo, kwesinye isikhathi elinezici ezilula zentuthu, zekhamferi noma zamakhowe.
Ukunambitheka: Okuthambile, okuyindilinga, okunobumuncu nobubaba obuncane kunakwishēng encane. Ubumnandi buba sobala kakhulu. Emculweni kuvela izici zezithelo ezomisiwe, izinkuni, amantongomane, izinongo, i-caramel, ushokoledi. Ukunambitheka ngemva kokugwinya kuhlala isikhathi eside, kusonga.
Umbala wensipho: Kusukela ekubomvukweni kwe-amber kuya konsundu ngokumnyama, osobala, ocwebezelayo.
Indawo yetiye (iqabunga eliphuzelelwe): Amaqabunga aphelele, anwebekayo, anombala onsundu ngokumnyama.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ishēng pu’er icebile:

Ama-polyphenol (ama-catechin): Ama-antioxidant anamandla. Ngokuguga kwetiye, ama-catechin ayabola, aphenduke ama-theaflavin nama-thearubicin, kodwa izakhiwo ze-antioxidant ziyahlala.
Ama-amino acid: Kufakwe phakathi i-L-theanine, enomphumela wokupholisa futhi ebangela ukunambitheka okumnandi.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine, i-theobromine, i-theophylline. Okuqukethwe yi-caffeine kungaphezulu, ikakhulukazi ku-shēng encane.
Amafutha abalulekile: Abanga iphunga elimnandi letiye.
Amavithamini: C, weqembu B, E, K.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-fluoride, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-iron, i-selenium.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Umphumela wokuvuselela: Kuyavuza, kususa ukukhathala, kwandisa ukusebenza, kuthuthukisa ukugxila nokukhumbula. Umphumela we-shēng pu’er, ikakhulukazi encane, ungaba namandla kakhulu.
Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: Uvikela amangqamuzana emonakalweni ongabangelwa ama-radical akhululekile, wehlisa inqubo yokuguga, wehlisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yizifo eziningi, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza nezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Ukuthuthukisa ukugayeka kokudla: Kukhuthaza ukugayeka, kusiza ukwamukela ukudla, ikakhulukazi okunamafutha, kusiza ekuphazamisekeni kokugayeka. EShayina, i-pu’er ivame ukuphuzwa ngemva kokudla.
Ukunciphisa isisindo: Kusheshisa umzimba, kusiza ukuhlukanisa amafutha, kusiza ukulawula ukudla. I-pu’er ivame ukufakwa ekudleni kokunciphisa umzimba.
Ukukhipha ubuthi: Kusiza ekukhipheni ubuthi nezibi emzimbeni, kuhlambulula isibindi.
Isistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Kungenza ukwehla kwezinga “elibi” le-cholesterol (LDL), ukuqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi, ukwenza umfutho wegazi ujwayeleke.
Umsebenzi wokulwa nokuvuvukala: Inezakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala.
Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: Kwandisa ukumelana komzimba nezifo.
Inzuzo yokubona: Emithini yendabuko yaseShayina, kukholelwa ukuthi i-pu’er inomphumela omuhle ekuboneni.
Umphumela wokulwa nengcindezi: Kusiza ukususa ukucindezeleka kwezinzwa, ukuthuthukisa isimo semizwa, ukulwa nengcindezi.

Kubalulekile: Ishēng pu’er, ikakhulukazi encane, ingaba nomthelela onamandla emzimbeni. Akunconywa ukuyiphuza esiswini esingenalutho, ngaphambi kokulala, noma kubantu abazwela kakhulu ku-caffeine. 9. Ukuphisa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: Ku-shēng pu’er encane - 80-90°C, kwevuthiwe - 90-95°C.
Inani letiye: Amagremu angu-5-7 emililiteni engu-150-200 wamanzi.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan (inkomishi yesiShayina yesintu enesembozo) noma iketela lobumba le-Yixing zilungele kahle. Ubumba lwe-Yixing lunembobo futhi “luhogela” kahle, okuvumela itiye ukuthi livuleke ngokugcwele. Iketela lobumba lwe-Yixing “liqongelela” iphunga letiye, ngakho-ke linconywa ukuthi lisetshenziselwe ama-shēng pu’er kuphela. Ungasebenzisa futhi izitsha zeposiweya noma zengilazi.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza izitsha: Geza i-gaiwan noma iketela ngamanzi abilayo, ukuze ufudumeze izitsha futhi uzilungiselele ukuphisa.
2. Ukugeza itiye (ukuchitha ngokushesha): Faka itiye ku-gaiwan, uthele ngamanzi ashisayo amancane bese uwachitha ngokushesha. Lesi sigaba sisiza ukususa uthuli emaqabungeni, futhi “sivuse” itiye, sililungiselele ukuvuleka. Kuma-shēng avuthiwe lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba sisiza ukususa ukunambitheka “okungcolile” okungaba khona.
3. Ukuphisa kokuqala: Thela itiye ngamanzi ashisayo (80-95°C) bese uliyeka kuze kube yimizuzwana embalwa kuya emizuzwini eyi-1-2 (ukuchitha kokuqala). Isikhathi sokuphisa kokuqala singaba sifushane kakhulu, phakathi kwemizuzwana emi-5-15 kuma-shēng amancane, futhi side kancane kumavuthiwe.
4. Thela insipho ezinkomishini: Chitha ngokuphelele insipho ephuma ku-gaiwan noma iketela ku-cha hai (isitsha sokuchithela), bese uthela ezinkomishini. Lokhu kudingekile ukuze zonke izinkomishi zithole insipho enamandla afanayo.
5. Ukuphisa okuphindaphindiwe: Ishēng pu’er ingaphiswa izikhathi eziningi (izikhathi ezingu-5-7, kwesinye isikhathi ezingu-10 nangaphezulu), ngokwandisa isikhathi sokuphisa kancane kancane ngemizuzwana engu-10-30 ekuphiseni ngakunye okulandelayo. Ngokuphisa ngakunye, ukunambitheka nephunga letiye kuzoshintsha, kuveze izici ezintsha.

Izici ezibalulekile:

Ungayiyeki isikhathi eside kakhulu: Ukuyiyeka isikhathi eside kakhulu kungenza ukunambitheka kwetiye kube nokomile futhi kubabeke. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-shēng amancane.
Lalela itiye: Landela imizwa yakho bese ulungisa isikhathi sokuphisa ngokuya ngamandla wensipho owafisayo.
Bukela itiye: Qaphela umbala wensipho, iphunga, ukuvuleka kweqabunga letiye. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono isimilo setiye futhi uthole indlela efanele yokuphisa.
Zama: Ungesabi ukuzama izindlela ezahlukene zokuphisa, izinga lokushisa lamanzi, isikhathi sokuphisa, ukuze uthole eyakho indlela enhle.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukugcinwa okufanele kwe-shēng pu’er - kuyisici esibalulekile, esithonya ukuvuthwa kwayo nokukhula kokunambitheka nephunga. Ngokungafani neniningi lamanye amatiye, ishēng pu’er ayigcinwa nje kuphela, kodwa iyaqhubeka nokubila kancane (ukuvuthwa) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Indawo: Ishēng pu’er kufanele igcinwe endaweni emnyama, eyomile, enomoya omuhle ene-zinga lokushisa elingaguquki (okufanelekile - izinga lokushisa legumbi, cishe u-20-25°C) kanye nomswakama omaphakathi (cishe u-60-70%). Gwema ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama.
Isitsha: Kungcono ukugcina ishēng pu’er ezitsheni “ezihogelayo”, ezinikeza ukufinyelela komoya, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo zivikele itiye ephungeni langaphandle kanye nomswakama. Ngokwesiko, ukugcinwa kwama-pu’er kusetshenziswa:
- Izitsha ze-ceramic noma zobumba: Zinikeza umoya omuhle futhi azinamthelela ekunambithekeni nasephungeni letiye.
- Ukupakishwa kwephepha: Ekupakisheni kwephepha kwangempela (umhubhe, lapho kucindezelwa khona inqwaba yezinkwa) ishēng pu’er nayo ingagcinwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphepha lomile futhi alinaphunga langaphandle.
- Amabhokisi amakhadibhodi: Kuvumelekile, kodwa akufuneki kakhulu kune-ceramic noma ubumba.
Izitha zetiye:
- Umswakama: Umswakama owedlulele ungaholela ekukhuleni kwesikhunta nokonakala kwetiye.
- Imisebe eqondile yelanga: Icekela phansi izinto eziwusizo futhi yenze kube kubi iphunga letiye.
- Amaphunga angaphandle: Itiye limunca kalula amaphunga, ngakho-ke alinakugcinwa eduze kwemikhiqizo enephunga elinamandla (izinongo, ikhofi, inhlanzi, njll.).
- Ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa: Kunomthelela omubi enqubweni yokuvuthwa kwetiye.
Ukuphuma komoya: Igumbi lapho kugcinwa khona ishēng pu’er kufanele likwazi ukungena umoya kahle, ukuze kuqinisekiswe umoya futhi kuvinjelwe ukuvela kwephunga elibi.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

Intengo ye-shēng pu’er ingahluka kakhulu, kusukela kumadola ambalwa ngesinkwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni zamadola nangaphezulu. Izindleko zincike kokulandelayo:

Iminyaka yezihlahla: Impahla eluhlaza evela ezihlahleni zasendulo (Gu Shu) inenani eliphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo evela ezihlahleni ezincane (Tao Di).
Isifunda lapho kutshalwa khona: Ama-shēng pu’er avela ezintabeni ezidumile zamatiye (isibonelo, “Izintaba Eziyisithupha Ezinkulu Zamatiye”) abiza kakhulu.
Ikhwalithi yempahla eluhlaza: Ukuthi kusetshenziswa amahlumela akhethiwe namaqabunga amancane noma impahla eluhlaza evuthiwe kakhulu.
Ikhono lomkhiqizi: Isipiliyoni nedumela lomsebenzi wetiye owakhiqiza itiye kunomthelela omkhulu entengweni.
Unyaka wokuvuna: Intengo ye-shēng pu’er, njengomthetho, inyuka ngonyaka ngamunye wokugcinwa. Ama-pu’er akudala anokusetshenziswa iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-10-15 abaluleke kakhulu.
Ubuncane: Ezinye izinhlobo eziyivelakancane noma izingxube zingabiza kakhulu.
Imfuno: Imfuno ephezulu yama-shēng pu’er nayo inomthelela entengweni.

Ngenxa yentengo ephezulu nokuthandwa emakethe, ngeshwa, kunenqwaba yokukhwabanisa nokulingisa. Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:

Thenga kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe kuphela: Funana izitolo zetiye ezikhethekile ezinodumo oluhle, ezizisa amakhasimende azo futhi ezingakunikeza ulwazi oluqinisekile ngemvelaphi yetiye, unyaka wokuvuna, umkhiqizi. Kufanele futhi ziqinisekise ukwethembeka kwayo nekhwalithi.
Qaphela intengo ephansi kakhulu: Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi iwuphawu oluqinisekile lokukhwabanisa. Ishēng pu’er yangempela, ikakhulukazi evela ezihlahleni zasendulo, ayikwazi ukubiza kancane. Khumbula ukuthi izimangaliso azenzeki.
Bhekisisa ukubukeka: Qaphela isimo, umbala, ukuphelela kwamaqabunga/amahlumela. Kufanele ahambisane nencazelo engenhla. Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamaqabunga aphukile, uthuli, ukungcola okuvela ngaphandle - kuwuphawu lwekhwalithi ephansi noma ukukhwabanisa.
Hlola iphunga: Itiye elomile kufanele libe nephunga eliyingqayizivele, elishintsha ngokuya ngeminyaka.
Hlola insipho nendawo yetiye: Umbala, ukunambitheka nephunga lensipho kufanele kuhambisane nencazelo ye-shēng pu’er yaleyo minyaka.
Qaphela ukupakishwa: Ukupakishwa kufanele kube ngokucophelela, kungenziwa monakalo. Kufanele kubhalwe ulwazi ngomkhiqizi, unyaka wokuvuna, isifunda semvelaphi.
Qikelela ikakhulukazi lapho uthenga ama-shēng pu’er avuthiwe: Ukukhwabanisa ama-pu’er amadala kuhlomula kakhulu, ngakho yiba noqaphela olukhulu.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Itiye “eliphilayo” nelishintshayo: Ishēng pu’er “itiyo eliphilayo”, eliyaqhubeka nokubila kancane ngesikhathi sokugcinwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukunambitheka nephunga layo kuyashintsha, kube yinkimbinkimbi futhi kujule kakhudlwana.
Itiye lababekezelelayo: Ukuze ukwazise ngokugcwele ishēng pu’er, kudinga isikhathi nokubekezela. Abanye abathandi bakhetha ukuyekelela ama-shēng pu’er iminyaka eminingana noma amashumishumi eminyaka, ngaphambi kokuthi bawaphuze.
Ukutshala imali etiyeni: Ama-shēng pu’er ayingqayizivele nasezingeni eliphezulu angaba into yokutshala imali, njengoba intengo yawo ngokuvamile inyuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isikhunta setiye: Ebusweni bezinkwa ze-shēng pu’er ngezinye izikhathi kungabonakala ukungcola okumhlophe, okuvame ukuthathwa njengesikhunta. Eqinisweni, lokhu akusona isikhunta ngokuvamile, kodwa yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi “iqhwa elimhlophe” - “bai shuang” (白霜), amajusi etiye aqinile, okuwuphawu lwekhwalithi enhle nokugcinwa okufanele. Kodwa, uma ungaqinisekile, kungcono ukubonana nochwepheshe.

13. Izinhlobo Ze-Shēng Pǔ’ěr:

Ama-shēng pu’er angahlukaniswa ngezimpawu ezahlukene:

Ngokweminyaka:
- Ama-shēng pu’er amancane (amasha) (kuze kube yiminyaka emi-3-5): anokunambitheka okuqhakazile, okusha okunobumuncu nokubaba okugqamile.
- Ama-shēng pu’er avuthiwe (ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5-7): ukunambitheka kuba mnene, kuyindilinga, kuvela izici zezithelo ezomisiwe, izinkuni, amantongomane.
- Ama-shēng pu’er amadala (Lao Cha) (ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-10-15 nangaphezulu): abaluleka ngokunambitheka nobunkimbinkimbi obujulile kanye nomthelela onamandla.
Ngokwesimo:
- Ekhululekile (Mao Cha): Itiye elingacindezelwanga.
- Ecindezelwe: Izinkwa (bing cha), izitini (zhuan cha), i-tuo cha (izidleke ezincane), amathanga, njll.
Ngokwempahla eluhlaza:
- Izihlahla (Tao Di Cha, Xiao Shu): Impahla eluhlaza evela ezihlahleni ezincane noma ezihlahleni ezincane.
- Izihlahla ezinkulu (Da Shu Cha): Impahla eluhlaza evela ezihlahleni, iminyaka yazo esukela emashumini ambalwa kuya eminyakeni eyikhulu.
- Izihlahla zasendulo (Gu Shu Cha): Impahla eluhlaza evela ezihlahleni ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu, ngezinye izikhathi neminyaka engamakhulu amaningana.
Ngokwesifunda: Izintaba Eziyisithupha Ezidumile Zamatiye, iLincang, iPu’er, nezinye. Isifunda ngasinye sinezici zaso zendawo yezolimo, okuthonya ukunambitheka nephunga letiye.

14. Isiko Lokusebenzisa:

UGongfu Cha (工夫茶): Ishēng pu’er, ikakhulukazi evuthiwe, ilungele ukuphisa ngenqubo yeGongfu Cha - umkhosi wetiye wesintu waseShayina.
Ukuhlola: Ngesikhathi sokuhlola ishēng pu’er, kubalulekile ukuqaphela zonke izici: ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile, iphunga leqabunga elomile, iphunga lensipho, ukunambitheka, umbala wensipho, ukunambitheka ngemva kokugwinya kanye nendawo yetiye.
Ukuhambisana nokudla: Ishēng pu’er encane ihambisana kahle nokudla okulula, izithelo. Ishēng pu’er evuthiwe ingaphuzwa ngemva kokudla, isiza ukugayeka kokudla. Akunconywa ukuhlanganisa ishēng pu’er nokudla okunoshukela omningi noma okunamafutha amaningi.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Shēng Pǔ’ěr itiye elimangalisayo, elihlukile elinomlando wamakhulu eminyaka kanye nesiko elicebile. Amandla ayo okugcinwa isikhathi eside nokushintsha ukunambitheka nephunga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyenza ifane newayini elihle. Itiye elidinga indlela yokucabanga, ukunaka imininingwane nokubekezela. Kodwa kulabo abazimisele ukusebenzisa isikhathi ekutholeni nasekukuqondeni, i-shēng pu’er izovula umhlaba omusha wemizwa emisha yokunambitha, ikunikeze amandla, ukucaca kwengqondo nezikhathi ezingenakulibaleka zobumnandi. Ukuzama ishēng pu’er yangempela kuwukuthinta isiko lasendulo letiye laseYunnan, ukuzwa amandla namandla emvelo yasendle nokuthola umhlaba omangalisayo wetiye “eliphilayo”, eliyaqhubeka nokushintsha nokukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.