Shàngráo Bái Méi

IShàngráo Bái Méi (上饶白眉, Shàngráo bái méi) liyisinangwa eliluhlaza elikhethekile elivela esifundazweni sase-Jiangxi (江西省, Jiāngxī Shěng), uphawu lwamagugu etiyewesiyingi sase-Guangxin (广信区, Guǎngxìn Qū) sedolobha lase-Shangrao (上饶市, Shàngráo Shì). Igama lalo elingasezimbalini — ‘IBhurishi Elimhlophe Lase-Shangrao’ — walithola ngenxa yobukhazikhazi obuningi obusiliva obuyimicu emhlophe ebusweni bekhasi, okufana neshiya elimpunga lengcweti yesiDao eyabudala. Yasungulwa ngo-1983 ngokusebenzisa uhlobo lwendawo lwe-Dàmiànbái (大面白, Dàmiànbái), leli tiye lazuza ukuqashelwa ezingeni likazwelonke ngokushesha futhi ngo-2007 lathola isimo somkhiqizo onendawo ekuvikeliwe yezwe (国家地理标志产品, guójiā dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn).

1. Isigaba Nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Akunakuvutshelwa; inani le-oxidation lincane kakhulu (ngaphansi kwama-5%).
• Isigaba: Amatiye aluhlaza akhethekile (akhethekile) aseChina. Afakwe ohlwini lwe-“Amatiye Ayisishiyagalombili Adumile Esifundazweni saseJiangxi” (江西八大名茶, Jiāngxī bā dà míng chá).
• Imvelaphi: China, esifundazweni saseJiangxi (江西省, Jiāngxī Shěng), edolobheni laseShangrao (上饶市, Shàngráo Shì), esifundeni saseGuangxin (广信区, Guǎngxìn Qū, ngaphambili — isifunda saseShangrao).
• Ukuqondiswa Ngokwendawo: I-Longitude empumalanga engu-117°41′–118°14′, i-latitude yasenyakatho engu-27°58′–28°50′.

2. Umlando Nenani Lezamasiko:

• Umlando:

Umlando wetiyesi endaweni yaseShangrao uneminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu elinamakhulu amabili. Ngesikhathi sobukhosi baseTang (唐朝, 618–907) ungqongqoshe omkhulu wetiye uLu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ), umbhali we-‘Canon of Tea’ (《茶经》, Chá Jīng), eminyakeni yakamuva yempilo yakhe wahlala entabeni i-Chashan (茶山寺, Cháshān Sì) enyakatho yeShangrao, lapho alima khona itiye futhi wabaza umthombo etsheni. Imbongi uMeng Jiao (孟郊, Mèng Jiāo) yabhala lo mcimbi enkondlweni ethi ‘Inscription on Lu Hongjian’s New Mountain Residence in Shangrao’ (《题陆鸿渐上饶新开山舍》): ‘Wavula umthunzi ukuze agcine amafu; wabaza itshe—wasewuthola umthombo.’ Umthombo kaLu Yu (陆羽泉, Lù Yǔ Quán), owaziwa nangokuthi ‘Ithunzi Le-Rouge’ (胭脂井, Yānzhi Jǐng) ngenxa yemibala ebomvu yenhlabathi, usalondoloziwe kuze kube yilolu suku.

Ngaphambi kokukhululwa, isifunda sasidume ngetiyeli elibomvu elithi ‘Hehong’ (河红, Hé Hóng). Ngo-1956 ukukhiqizwa kwashintshelwa etiyineni eliluhlaza, elathola igama elithi ‘Raolü’ (饶绿, Ráo Lǜ — ‘Okuluhlaza Okuvela eRao’). Kusukela ngo-1968 kuya ku-1984, esivandeni setiyesi saseShanghu Township (上沪乡, Shànghù Xiāng), endaweni yaseHongshuikeng (洪水坑), ngokukhetha ngamunye nangokwandisa kwezitshalo, kwakhiqizwa uhlobo olungenaluhlangothi oluthile lwe-‘Damyanbai’ (大面白, Dàmiànbái). Ngo-1984 lwathola isitifiketi sesifundazwe futhi lwazuza umklomelo wemiphumela emihle yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe esifundazweni saseJiangxi.

Ngo-1983 ochwepheshe basesiteshini sobuchwepheshe betiyesi le-Shangrao County, besebenzisa ipulazi lamatiye laseZunqiao Township (尊桥乡, Zūnqiáo Xiāng), bakha uhlobo olusha lwetiye eliluhlaza olwathola igama elithi ‘Shàngráo Bái Méi’ (上饶白眉, Shàngráo bái méi). Ngawo lowo nyaka laqokwa njenge-‘Itiye Elivelele Elinamandla Esifundazweni saseJiangxi’. Ngo-1995 embukisweni wesibili wezolimo waseChina itiye lathola indondo yegolide futhi lafakwa ohlwini lwemikhiqizo ekhethekile kahulumeni (国家特贡产品, guójiā tè gòng chǎnpǐn). Ngo-2007 labhaliswa njengomkhiqizo onendawo evikelwe ngokomhlaba (国家地理标志产品, guójiā dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn). Ngo-2010 lathola umklomelo wegolide embukisweni wetiye wamazwe ngamazwe waseChina. Ngo-2023 inani lohlobo lwe-‘Shàngráo Bái Méi’ lalilinganiselwa kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-2,445 (cishe amadola angama-340 ezigidi).

• Igama:

  • Shangrao (上饶, Shàngráo) — igama ledolobha nesifunda esingokomlando.
  • Bai (白, Bái) — ‘mhlophe’: kubhekiswe ebusikhuni obumhlophe obuningi obusongele ikhasi.
  • Mei (眉, Méi) — ‘ishiye’: isingathekiso sokuma kwekhasi elomile elifana naleshiya eligobile lengcweti yesiDao ephila isikhathi eside (寿星, Shòuxīng).

• Inani lezamasiko: IShàngráo Bái Méi luwuphawu oluyinhloko lwetiyesi lesifunda saseGuangxin futhi luyingxenye ebalulekile yamagugu esifunda. Ukuxhumana negama likaLu Yu kunikeza itiye isimo esikhethekile sasemculweni wetiye. Leli yitiye lendabuko lesipho sasentwasahlobo esifundazweni saseJiangxi, futhi lisetshenziswa emicimbini esemthethweni nasemihlanganweni yokuhlola ukunambitheka.

3. Ukuchazwa Kwezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Uhlobo / Isitshalo: Isitshalo esiyinhloko — iDamyanbai (大面白, Dàmiànbái), umugqa wokukhetha ongenabaculi wendawo, owakhethwa engadini yetiyenekhethwane laseShangrao. Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Izici ezehlukanisayo: ubukhazikhazi obuningi (茸毛密布, róngmáo mìbù), okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-amino acid (4.6–5.37% wezinto ezomile), isikhathi sokuba nothando olude lwamahlumela ngezinsuku eziyisi-7–10 uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezijwayelekile. Izitshalo eziyinsiza — iFuding Dabai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá) neZhuye Qi (槠叶齐, Zhūyè Qí).
• Iminyaka yezihlahla: Amahlumela amaningi etiyeni aneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30.
• Isivuno: Ukuvuna entwasahlobo (Mashi — Ephreli), ikakhulukazi ngaphambi nangemva koMkhosi we-Qingming (清明, Qīngmíng). Itiye lasentwasahlobo linokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-amino acid.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Kuye ngezinga: ihlumela elilodwa elinekhasi eliqala ukuvuleka (Yínháo), ihlumela elilodwa elinekhasi elilodwa elivulekile (Máojiān), ihlumela elilodwa elinamakhasi amabili aqala ukuvuleka (Cuìfēng). Kugcinwa ngokuqinile ‘imikhawulo emihlanu’ (五不采, wǔ bù cǎi): ungavuni amahlumela ngesikhathi semvula, ungavuni amahlumela anemakholwa, ungavuni amahlumela angenalutho, ungavuni amahlumela ashintshe umbala, ungavuni amahlumela onakaliswe izilokazane.
• Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Izinga elijwayelekile — “ithambile, elifanayo, elihlanzekile, elimsulwa” (嫩、匀、鲜、净, nèn, yún, xiān, jìng).

4. Indawo Nezici Zokulinywa:

• Umphumela Wendawo: Isifunda saseGuangxin sisendaweni yezintaba ze-Wuyi (isiphetho sasempumalanga) nezintaba ze-Huaiyu. Umpumela—“okwesihlalo samahhashi” (saddle): imingcele eseningizimu nasenyakatho iphakeme, ingxenye emaphakathi iphansi eduze koMfula i-Xin (信江). Indawo ephakeme kakhulu eningizimu—umqansa i-Wufugang (五府岗, Wǔfǔ Gǎng), 1891.4 m; enyakatho—intaba i-Ling Mountain (灵山天梯峰), 1496 m.
• Ukuphakama Kokukhula: Amamitha angu-300–600 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Amasimu etiyeni abekwe ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezintaba, ahlala egutshwe amafu nenkungu, eniselwa amanzi emifudlana yasezintabeni.
• Isimo Sezulu: Isimo sezulu esiswakeme se-subtropical monsoon. Isilinganiso samazinga okushisa onyaka 17.8°C. Imvula yaminyaka yonke icishe ibe ngu-1724 mm. Isibalo sezinsuku ezinenkungu sidlula izinsuku eziyi-180 ngonyaka. Umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku ungaphezu kuka-8°C. Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa sasiyizinsuku ezingama-270. Isibani sonyaka sihora le-1839. Ingxenye ephezulu yokukhanya okuhlakazekile kusiza ukuqongelela ama-amino acid ekhasini letiyesi.
• Inhlabathi: Kunenhlabathi ebomvu (红壤, hóng rǎng) nephuzi (黄壤, huáng rǎng) ngokuyinhloko ene-acidic reaction (pH 5.2–6.3). Inhlabathi igcwele izakhi ezincanyana: okuqukethwe yi-zinc 76.2 mg/kg, kukhona i-selenium nezinye izakhi ezibalulekile ngokwebhayoloji.
• Imvelo: Ukumbozwa kwehlathi kwendawo kungama-81%. Ukugcwala kwe-ion engeyona ye-oxygen kuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-50 kunamasilinganiso asedolobheni. Indawo inesitifiketi esithi “China Natural Oxygen Bar” (中国天然氧吧, Zhōngguó Tiānrán Yǎng Bā).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Shàngráo Bái Méi bungokwesigaba se-“chaoqing” (炒青 — ukulungisa ngomlilo) esinomsebenzi oyingqayizivele woku-“phakamisa uboya” (提毫, tí háo), okunikeza itiye ukubukeka kwalo “kweqhwa”. Ukukhiqiza kuhlanganisa imisebenzi yezandla neyomshini; ekugcineni kusetshenziswa amalahle endabuko okufudumeza.

• Ukunciphisa amahlamvu amasha (摊放, tān fàng): Izinto ezivuniwe zilungiswa ngendlela encane endaweni epholile, enomoya, okungenani amahora amane kuya kwayisithupha. Injongo — ukususwa kancane kwamanzi, ukuqala kokwakheka kwevumba, ukukhulisa ukuthambeka kwekhasi.

• Ukuqinisa ama-enzyme / “ukubulala okuluhlaza” (杀青, shā qīng): Kwenziwa kuhhavini we-drum emazingeni okushisa angu-130–140°C. Ukushisa okukhulu kuthomalalisa ama-oxidase nama-polyphenol oxidase, kumise umbala oluhlaza nokunambitheka okusha. Okubalulekile — ukugwema ukusha nokwenza ukufudunyezwa okulinganayo.

• Ukusonga nokuphakamisa uboya (搓揉提毫, cuō róu tí háo): Ukushisa kokusetshenziswa ku-70–80°C. Amahlamvu asongwa, akhe izinduku eziqondile “ezinamabala”. Kulesi sigaba kwenziwa umsebenzi wokuhlola othi “tiháo” — ukuhlikihla ngesigqi okwembula futhi kulungise uboya obusiliva ebusweni bekhasi.

• Ukomiswa kokuqala (初烘, chū hōng): Ukomiswa emazingeni okushisa angu-70–80°C, kunciphisa umswakama ezingeni eliphakathi.

• Ukomiswa kokugcina (复烘, fù hōng): Ukomiswa emazingeni okushisa angu-50–60°C ezinsaleleni zomswakama ezingeqi ku-6.5%. Kulesi sigaba ngokwesiko kusetshenziswa amalahle (木炭烘焙, mùtàn hōngbèi), okuqinisa iphunga ngobumnene futhi akulimazi uboya.

• Izici ezikhethekile zobuchwepheshe: Umsebenzi wombhali othi “tiháo” (提毫) — uphawu lobukhazikhazi be-Shàngráo Bái Méi, oluhlukanisa namanye amatiye amaningi aluhlaza esifundazweni. Ukulandela ngokuqinile “imikhawulo emihlanu” ngesikhathi sokuvuna nokulawulwa okuphelele kwezinga lokushisa esigabeni ngasinye kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ezinzile.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka Nephunga:

• Isimo sekhasi elomile: Isimo — “eli-ishiye” (眉形, méi xíng): izinduku eziqondile, eziqinile, ezilinganayo. Kugcwele kakhulu uboya obusiliva-mhlophe (白毫满披, bái háo mǎn pī). Umbala — uluhlaza ogcwele, okhanyayo onamafutha (色泽绿润, sè zé lǜ rùn). Izinga le-Yínháo (银毫) lihluke cishe ngombala omhlophe qhwa ngenxa yobukhulu boboya obugcwele.

• Iphunga lekhasi elomile: Elihlanzekile, eliphezulu, linamaphuphu e-castnut (熟栗香, shú lì xiāng), agqame kakhulu ezingeni le-Yínháo. Kunamaphutha ezimbali angaphambili.

• Iphunga lokuphuza: Liphakeme futhi liqinile (清高持久, qīng gāo chíjiǔ). Itimu eyinhloko — iphunga le-castnut, elihambisana namaphutha amasha aluhlaza kanye namaphuphu ezimbali alula. Iphunga alipheli emizamweni eminingi yokuchithwa.

• Ukunambitheka: Kumnandi futhi kugcwele (鲜浓, xiān nóng), nokunambitheka okuyi-umami okugqamile, okubangelwa ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid. Umzimba — ophakathi nendawo, unomuzwa wokuthamba okuqinile (醇, chún). Kunobumnandi obuphindiselayo obugqamile (回甘, huí gān), obuhlala isikhathi eside emlonyeni. Ukunambitheka kulinganiselwe — akukho bukrakrakrakra obugwegwayo noma ubumunyu lapho kunamathiswe ngendlela efanele.

• Umbala wokuphuza: Umuhle oluhlaza, ogqamile futhi osobala (嫩绿明亮, nèn lǜ míng liàng). Lapho kunamathiswa i-Yínháo, ukuphuza kunomthunzi ocwebezelayo omuhle oluhlaza-ohlaza okhanyayo ngomcwebe “okhanyayo”.

• Insimbi yetiye (ikhasi elinamathisiwe): Luhlaza okotshani, elifanayo, elinomunyu futhi liphilayo (嫩绿匀整鲜活, nèn lǜ yún zhěng xiān huó). Kwe-Yínháo — amahlumela aphelele, afana nezilimi zongqambothi (雀舌, què shé), amile amuthe nse enkomishini.

7. Isakhiwo Samakhemikhali:

• I-Polyphenols (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Okuqukethwe — okungenani ingu-21.3% (okwezinga elikhethekile). I-Catechins (儿茶素, ér chá sù) — 122.57 mg/g. Inikeza umsebenzi we-antioxidant futhi yakha ingxenye yokunambitheka okupholileyo.
• Ama-amino acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Okuqukethwe okuphezulu — okungenani ingu-4.6% (okwezinga lokuqala), kuze kufike ku-5.37% esitshalweni se-Damyanbai. I-L-theanine iyi-amino acid enkulu, ebeka ubusha obuyi-“umami” obujwayelekile kanye nomphumela omuhle othembisayo. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kuwuphawu lwalesi tiye, kuhlotshaniswa nokuchichima kwezinsuku ezinamafu kanye nokukhanya okusabalele endaweni yokutshala.
• Ukukhishwa kwamanzi (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchūwù): Okungenani ingu-50% (okwezinga elikhethekile) — inkomba “yokukhipha” nokugcwala kokuphuzwa, eyeqa izinga likazwelonke lamatiye aluhlaza (ama-34%).
• Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡因, kāfēiyīn) — okuqukethwe okujwayelekile etiyenini eliluhlaza elisezintabeni, cishe ama-25–35 mg/g ekhasini elomile. I-Theobromine ne-theophylline zitholakala ngamanani amancane.
• Amavithamini: Uvithamini C (i-ascorbic acid) — amatiye aluhlaza aphekwe ngokushisa okuncane agcina ingxenye enkulu ye-ascorbic acid. Futhi aqukethe amavithamini eqembu B, uvithamini E.
• Amaminerali: I-Zinc, i-selenium, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium. Okuqukethwe i-zinc ne-selenium kukhuphukile ngenxa yezici ze-geochemical yezinhlabathi zaseGuangxin.
• Amafutha abalulekile kanye nezinhlanganisela ezinephunga: Iphunga le-castnut lakhiwe yinxenye yama-pyrazine nama-furanone akheka ngesikhathi sokuwosa okuphakathi. Amanothi amasha aluhlaza ahlinzekwa yi-hexanal ne-cis-3-hexenol.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol nama-catechin kunikeza ukungathathi hlangothi okunamandla kwama-radical akhululekile, kusiza ukunciphisa ukuguga kwamangqamuzana.
• Ukusekelwa kwesistimu ye-cardiovascular: Ama-catechin (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG) asiza ukwehlisa izinga le-cholesterol “embi” (LDL), asheshisa ukugaywa kwamafutha futhi anciphise ingozi yezinguquko ze-atherosclerotic.
• Umphumela wokuqina nokucabanga: I-L-theanine ehlanganiswe ne-caffeine inikeza ukuqina okuthambile, okuzinzile nokucaca kwengqondo ngaphandle kokuphakama nokwehla okuphawulekayo okuhlobene nekhofi.
• Ukuvikela amazinyo nomlomo: I-fluorine nama-catechin asetiyeni acindezela umsebenzi wamagciwane abangela ukuvuvukala komlomo futhi anciphise ukwakheka komhlwa.
• Ukusekelwa komzimba: Ama-polyphenol, uvithamini C kanye nezinye izakhi (i-zinc, i-selenium) ehlangene ziqinisa imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba.
• Ukugaya okuthuthukile: Ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwetiye eliluhlaza kuvuselela ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme wokugaya futhi kusekele ukuhamba okujwayelekile kwamathumbu.
• Isimo sesikhumba: Ama-antioxidant kanye novithamini E asiza ukugcina isikhumba sithambe futhi sivikele emonakalweni we-UV.

9. Ukunamathisela Itiye:

• Ukushisa kwamanzi: 80–85°C. Ezingeni lika-Yínháo (银毫) — 80°C; kwe-Máojiān (毛尖) ne-Cuìfēng (翠峰) — 80–85°C. Ungalokothi usebenzise amanzi abilayo: ukushisa okungaphezu kuka-85°C kubhubhisa i-L-theanine futhi kuholela ekukhishweni kokubabayo okweqile.
• Inani letiyesi: 3 g nge-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50). Kwe-gaiwan (100–120 ml) — 5 g.
• Isitsha: Inkomishi yengilazi (透明玻璃杯, tòumíng bōli bēi) — yilona elingcono kakhulu lokubuka “umdanso” wamahlumela; i-gaiwan yobumba emhlophe (白瓷盖碗, bái cí gàiwǎn) — ukuze kube nokulawula okunembe kakhulu ukukhishwa nokuhlanganiswa kwephunga.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza isitsha: Geza inkomishi noma i-gaiwan ngamanzi ashisayo.
  2. Thela itiye: Ezingeni le-Yínháo, indlela yokuthela phezulu (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ) iyathandeka: qala ngokuthela amanzi, bese wehlisa itiye ngokucophelela. Kwe-Máojiān ne-Cuìfēng — indlela yokuthela maphakathi (中投法, zhōng tóu fǎ): thela ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamanzi, engeza itiye, gxilisa kancane ukuze umanzi uthambise, bese uthela kuze kugcwale.
  3. Ukunamathiswa kokuqala: Imizuzu engu-1–2 kwe-Yínháo; imizuzu engu-2–3 kwe-Máojiān ne-Cuìfēng.
  4. Ukunamathiswa okulandelayo: Engeza umzuzu owodwa noma emibili ngokulandelana ngakunye. I-Bái Méi yekhwalithi ephezulu ikwazi ukumelana nokunamathiswa okuqinile okungu-3–4.
  5. Okubalulekile: Thela amanzi ngaseludongeni lwenkomishi ngomfudlana omuhle, ungawuqondisi umfudlana emahlamvini — lokhu kuvimbela ukusabalala koboya nokufiphala kokuphuzwa.
• Amanzi: Amanzi athambile aneminerali ephansi ayathandeka. Amanzi omthombo wasezintabeni — inketho ekahle kakhulu. Amanzi ane-alkaline angalimaza umbala wokuphuzwa.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izimo: Ukupakishwa okuvaleke ngokuphelele, ukuvikeleka ekukhanyeni, kumswakama nasephungeni langaphandle. Ukugcinwa okuhle — efrijini ku-0–5°C ekupakisheni okungenamoya noma okugoqwe ngefoyela. Isikhathi sokuhlala ngaphansi kwalezi zimo — kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-12; ngokupakishwa okungenamoya — kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-18.
• Amandla: I-Shàngráo Bái Méi — itiye ubusha. Iphunga nokunambitheka okugqame kakhulu — ezinyangeni ezingu-6 zokuqala ngemva kokukhiqizwa. Akuhloselwe ukuvuthwa isikhathi eside.
• Izincomo: Kunconywa ukuthi itiye elisha likhishwe izinsuku eziyisi-5–7 ngemva kokuvulwa endaweni emnyama ekushiseni kwegumbi “ukuze kuhlehle umlilo” (褪火, tuì huǒ), bese ligcinwa efrijini. Ngemva kokuvulwa kwephakheji engenamoya, kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa phakathi nenyanga.

11. Inani Namanga Okukhohlisa:

• Isigaba senani: Izindleko zincike kakhulu ezingeni. I-Yínháo (银毫, Yínháo) — kusukela ku-800 yuan nge-jin (500 g) nangaphezulu; i-Máojiān (毛尖, Máojiān) — 400–600 yuan nge-jin; i-Cuìfēng (翠峰, Cuìfēng) — 200–400 yuan nge-jin. Amanani ayahlukahluka kuye ngonyaka, umkhiqizi othile kanye nenkathi yokuvuna.
• Izici ezibeka inani: Izinga lempahla eluhlaza (ubumnene behlumela), isikhathi sokuvuna (itiye langaphambi kwe-Qingming libiza kakhulu), indawo ethile (indawo ewumgogodla — i-Zunqiao, i-Dongtuan), ukusebenza ngezandla uma kuqhathaniswa nokomshini.
• Uzivikela kanjani ezikhohlisweni:
  • Thenga kubaphakeli abathembekile abaqinisekise uphawu lwendawo (地理标志, dìlǐ biāozhì).
  • Hlola ukubukeka: I-Bái Méi yangempela ihlukaniswa ngezinduku ezifanayo, eziqondile ezinoboya obuningi obusiliva obungashonanga (obungawanga).
  • Hlola iphunga: lihlanzekile, liphakeme, linamanothi e-castnut. Akukho phunga langaphandle noma “elivuvukile”.
  • Hlola ukuphuzwa: kufanele kube sobala, umbala oluhlaza othambile, ngaphandle kokufiphala.
  • Qaphela inani eliphansi ngokusolisayo — i-Yínháo yekhwalithi ayikwazi ukushibhile ngenxa yokuvuna ngezandla okunzima kanye nokukhiqizeka okuphansi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Igama elivela kumhlekazi ohlakaniphile: Igama elithi “Bái Méi” (白眉 — “IBhurishi Elimhlophe”) — isigameko esingavamile “sokuphawulwa kwetiye ngokwesimo somuntu”: uboya obumhlophe emahlamvini anezinaliti kufana neshiya elimhlophe elijiyile likankulunkulu wokuphila isikhathi eside wesiDao u-Shouxing (寿星). Emasikweni amaShayina, amashiye amade amhlophe awuphawu lokuhlakanipha nempilo ende.
• Umdanso wehlumela: Lapho i-Yínháo inamathiswa ngendlela yokuthela phezulu, amahlumela acwila kancane enkomishini, bese ephakama futhi “ame” amuthe nse, akha umphumela we-“hlathi le-jade” (玉立, yù lì). Lesi ngesinye sezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezingabonwa ematiyenini aluhlaza aseChina.
• Ukuxhumana noLu Yu: I-Shangrao — ngelinye lamadolobha ambalwa lapho ukuba khona “kophawu wetiye” uLu Yu kubhaliwe: umthombo awubabaza kanye namanxiwa ethempeli letiyeswe ayasindayo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-1,000.
• Inhlokohlelo yebhiliyoni: Ngo-2023, inani lohlobo lwe-“Shàngráo Bái Méi” lafinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-2,445 (cishe amadola angama-340 ezigidi), okulibeka phakathi kwezinhlokohlelo zezimakethe ezinkulu zesifunda eChina.
• Ipharadesi yomoya-mpilo: Indawo yokutshala inesitifiketi esithi “I-China Natural Oxygen Bar” — ukugcwala kwama-ion angenawo umoya-mpilo lapha kuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-50 kunezinga lasemadolobheni, okunomthelela oqondile ekuhlanzekeni nasebusheni bekhasi letiyesi.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

• Xinyang Maojian (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Itiye elidumile laseHenan. Futhi linoboya obuningi nokunambitheka okusha, kodwa lihluke ngokusongwa ngokuqinile, “okunamalungu” (needle-like) kanye nephunga le-castnut eligqame kakhulu. I-Shàngráo Bái Méi — “ithambile” emzimbeni futhi “imnandi” ngokwengeziwe emva kokunambitha ngenxa yama-amino acid aphezulu esitshalweni se-Damyanbai.
• Lushan Yunwu (庐山云雾, Lúshān Yúnwù): Elinye itiye eliluhlaza elidumile laseJiangxi, elikhula entabeni i-Lushan. Likhanya, linomoya, linamanothi ezimbali nobhontshisi agqamile. I-Bái Méi iqinile kakhudlwana, inokugcizelela kwe-castnut okucacile nokubuyela kobumnandi okude.
• Wuyuan Mingmei (婺源茗眉, Wùyuán Mínméi): Elinye itiye “eli-ishiye” laseJiangxi (esifundeni sase-Wuyuan/Wuyuan). Lihluke ngokusongwa okumncane kanyekanye nephrofayili ehlukile yephunga (elinezitshalo eziningi). I-Bái Méi ibonakala “ikhulu” futhi inoboya obugqame kakhudlwana.
• Huangshan Maofeng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máofēng): Itiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile elivela esifundazweni sase-Anhui esiseduze. I-Maofeng ihluke ngephunga elilula “lezimbali/le-orchid” kanye nokuma kwekhasi “ulimi lomjolwane onomkhawulo osagolide”. I-Bái Méi — inokunambitheka okugcwele kakhudlwana futhi inesimo “esinezinaliti” eziqondile.

14. Izinhlobo (Amazinga) e-Shàngráo Bái Méi:

• Yínháo (银毫, Yínháo — “UBoya Obusiliva”): Izinga eliphakeme kunawo wonke. Izinto zokusetshenziswa — ihlumela elilodwa elinekhasi eliqala ukuvuleka (一芽一叶初展). Ngaphandle lifana nenaliti yesiliva: elimhlophe qhwa, eliqondile. Lapho kunamathiswa amahlumela ame amuthe nse, njenge-“zinsika ze-jade”. Iphunga — i-castnut ekhanyayo; ukunambitheka — okusha, okumnandi nobumnandi obuphindiselayo obugqamile. Ukukhishwa kwamanzi ≥50%, ama-polyphenol amatiye ≥21.3%.
• Máojiān (毛尖, Máojiān — “Izindonga Ezinoboya”): Izinga eliphakathi. Izinto zokusetshenziswa — ihlumela elilodwa elinekhasi elilodwa elivulekile (一芽一叶开展). Amahlamvu aqinile, anoboya obubonakala kahle. Iphunga — elihlala njalo, elihlanzekile; ukunambitheka — okusha nokuthambile (鲜醇, xiān chún). Ama-amino acid ≥4.6%.
• Cuìfēng (翠峰, Cuìfēng — “I-Emerald Peak”): Izinga eliyisisekelo. Izinto zokusetshenziswa — ihlumela elilodwa elinamakhasi amabili aqala ukuvuleka (一芽二叶初展). Izinduku ziqinile, zinoboya obubonakalayo. Ukunambitheka — okugcwele, umzimba — oqinile kunamazinga aphezulu. Kukwazi ukuphuzwa okungu-4–5 okugcwele. Kufaneleka kakhulu ekuphuzeni kwansuku zonke.

Sekuphetha:

IShàngráo Bái Méi liyisinangwa esinomlando omuhle nesimilo esigqamile. Ngemuva kwehlelo lalo “elineqhwa” kufihlwe isiko letiyesi leminyaka eyinkulungwane laseJiangxi: kusukela emthonjeni lukaLu Yu kuya emasimini anezitifiketi zesifunda saseGuangxin. Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kuyenza ibe ngelinye lamatiye aluhlaza “athandeka kakhulu” esigabeni sayo senani — ubusha, ubumnandi be-castnut kanye ne-huígān ende kuletha injabulo kubaqalayo nakubahlaziyi abanolwazi. Inkomishi enama- “ayina esiliva” e-Yínháo amile amuthe nse ayilona nje itiye elinamathisiwe, kodwa yisehlakalo esincane, esikhumbuza ukuthi ukuphuza itiye eChina bekukade kuyinto yobuciko.