Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán

Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán yitiye eliluhlaza lekhwalithi ephezulu elivela esifundeni i-Shāngnán (商南县, Shāngnán Xiàn) ngaphansi kwedolobha lase-Shāngluò (商洛市, Shāngluò Shì) esifundazweni sase-Shǎnxī. Lona ngumkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (地理标志产品), owathola ukuvikelwa okusemthethweni ngo-2007. Itiye lingaphansi kohlobo olungajwayelekile emasikweni aseShayina olwaziwa ngokuthi “ukugazingwa okuyingxenye nokomiswa okuyingxenye” (半烘半炒, bàn hōng bàn chǎo), futhi luphawuleka ngephunga elimnene lamakhasimende (嫩栗香, nèn lì xiāng). Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán liwuphawu lwempumelelo yohlelo “Ithe Laseningizimu Liya Enyakatho” (南茶北引, nán chá běi yǐn), okwathi ngalo ukukhiqizwa kwetiye kwahlelwa okokuqala emlandweni endaweni engu-33° enyakatho kwekhweyitha, ezintabeni eziphansi ze-Qínlǐng.

1. Isigaba Nokudabuka:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) — elingavutshelwanga; izinga lokufakwa komoyampilo liphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kwama-5%). Ubuchwepheshe — ukugazingwa okuyingxenye nokomiswa okuyingxenye (半烘半炒, bàn hōng bàn chǎo): inhlanganisela yokugazinga epanini (wok) nokomiswa kokugcina ngomoya oshisayo.
Isigaba: Amatiye aluhlaza ezifunda zaseShayina, itiye lekhwalithi ephezulu elivela “esifundeni setiye esisha sasenyakatho” (新兴北方茶区). Kusukela ngo-2010 lifakiwe ohlelweni lomkhiqizo wesifunda “Qínlǐng Quán Míng” (秦岭泉茗, Qínlǐng Quán Míng) — uphawu lomphakathi oluhlanganisiwe lwamatiye aseShǎnxī.
Indawo yokuvela: IShayina, isifundazwe i-Shǎnxī (陕西省, Shǎnxī Shěng), idolobha i-Shāngluò (商洛市), isifunda i-Shāngnán (商南县). Indawo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa izigodi eziyi-13 namalokishi, okubalwa i-Chéngguān (城关镇), i-Fùshuǐ (富水镇), i-Shìmǎ (试马镇) nokunye.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 33°06′–33°44′ N, 110°24′–111°01′ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando:

Umlando we-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán ungumlando wowesifazane oyedwa kanye nokuzinikela kwakhe iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Isifunda i-Shāngnán sitholakala endaweni engu-33–34° enyakatho, ngaphezulu kakhulu komngcele wendabuko wokutshalwa kwetiye eShayina (cishe engu-30° N). Ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1960, lapha kwakungakaze kukhiqizwe itiye.

Isikhathi sika “Ithe Laseningizimu Liya Enyakatho” (1962–1970). Ngo-1961, umfundi owaphothula e-Northwest Agricultural College (西北农学院, Xīběi Nóngyè Xuéyuàn) u-Zhāng Shūzhēn (张淑珍, Zhāng Shūzhēn, 1937–2024) weza emsebenzini ehlathini lasesifundeni i-Shāngnán. Egqugquzelwa indaba yomakadebona wabashokobezi u-Méi Guānghuá (梅光华) ngezihlahla zetiye zasendle endaweni engumakhelwane i-Ānkāng, ngo-1962 waqala ukuhlola ngokuletha izithombo zetiye. Imizamo yokuqala yokutshala izithombo ezivela ezifundazweni eziseningizimu yehluleka — izitshalo azizange zisinde ebusika. Ngaleso sikhathi u-Zhāng Shūzhēn washintshela ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu ngqo, kwathi ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yemizamo nokwehluleka, ngo-1970 kwatholakala isivuno sokuqala. Kanjalo kwaphela umlando othi “i-Shāngnán lapho kwakungakaze kukhule khona itiye” (商南不产茶), nomngcele wokutshalwa kwetiye wathuthelwa enyakatho ngamakhulu amakhilomitha.

Ukuvela kophawu (1987–1988). Ekuqaleni itiye lalibizwa kalula ngokuthi “máo jiān” (毛尖, máo jiān — “iziqongo ezinoboya”), kamuva — “Quánshuǐ Qīng” (泉水清, Quánshuǐ Qīng — “elimsulwa njengamanzi omthombo”). Mhla ziyi-14 kuNhlangulana 1987, i-China Tea Research Institute (中国茶叶研究所, Zhōngguó Cháyè Yánjiūsuǒ) yenza ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kokunambitha futhi yancoma ukuthi umkhiqizo uqanjwe ngokuthi “Shāngnán Quán Míng” (商南泉茗 — ngokwezwi nezwi okusho ukuthi “itiye lomthombo elivela e-Shāngnán”). Ngo-1988 itiye labhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngaleli gama futhi lathola isithunzi esithi “Umkhiqizo Wekhwalithi Ephezulu Yesifundazwe i-Shǎnxī” (陕西省优质产品). Ngo-1986 itiye lathola umklomelo wokuthuthuka kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe esifundazweni i-Shǎnxī esigabeni sesibili.

Ukuthuthuka kwesimanje (2000 — kuze kube manje). Ngo-2007 i- “Shāngnán Quán Míng” yathola ukuvikelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Ngo-2010 yafakwa ohlelweni lomkhiqizo wesifunda “Qínlǐng Quán Míng”. Ngo-2020 indawo yamasimu etiye esifundeni yayifinyelele kuma-mǔ angu-240 000 (cishe amahektha angu-16 000), umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza wawungamathani angu-3 200, inani lomkhiqizo lalingama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-380. Umkhakha wetiye waba umgqugquzeli omkhulu wokukhulisa imali engenayo yabantu basemaphandleni. Umsunguli wawo u-Zhāng Shūzhēn, owathola isidlaliso esithi “Gogo Wetiye” (茶奶奶, Chá Nǎinai), wayeyisithunywa zeNgqungquthela ye-13 neye-14 ye-CPC, waklonyeliswa ngeNdondo yoMhla woku-1 kuNhlaba kanye nesithunzi esithi “Isisebenzi Esihamba Phambili Ezweni Lonke”. Washona mhla lu-1 kuJanuwari 2024 eneminyaka engama-86. Indaba yakhe yaba isisekelo sefilimu yeshashalazi ethi “Ku-33rd Parallel” (《北纬三十三度》).

Igama:

商南 (Shāngnán) — igama lendawo, ngokwezwi nezwi okusho ukuthi “eningizimu yezintaba ze-Shāng”: 商 (shāng) — igama lokhahlamba lwezintaba kanye nombuso womlando we-Shāng, 南 (nán) — “eningizimu”. 泉 (quán) — “umthombo, umsuka”, kubhekiswa emanzini omthombo wezintaba ze-Qínlǐng anciphisa amasimu etiye. 茗 (míng) — igama elisemthethweni letiye, ngokuvamile elisho ikhwalithi ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, “Shāngnán Quán Míng” — “itiye lomthombo elihle elivela e-Shāngnán”.

Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:

Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán lingaphezu kwetiye nje: liwuphawu lokunqoba imingcele yemvelo kanye nokunqoba kokuphikelela komuntu. Indaba ka-Zhāng Shūzhēn, owakha umkhakha wetiye endaweni “engenakwenzeka”, yaba ngenye yezindaba zezolimo ezidume kakhulu zekhulu lama-20 eShayina. Itiye liyingxenye ye-“top four” yamatiye aluhlaza adumile ase-Shǎnxī kanye ne-Hànshuǐ Yínléng (汉水银棱), i-Qínbā Wùháo (秦巴雾毫) ne-Zǐyáng Máo Jiān (紫阳毛尖). Isifunda i-Shāngnán sakha iMnyuziyamu Yetiye (茶博物馆), indawo yezivakashi eye-“Quán Míng” (泉茗度假区) enezindawo ezinhlanu ezisebenzayo kanye nomgwaqo i-Xiānmíng (仙茗茶街), ozinikele kwisiko letiye.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:

Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar:

Isisekelo sokutshala sihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-cultivar:

— Zǐyáng Qúntǐzhǒng (紫阳群体种, Zǐyáng Qúntǐzhǒng) — uhlobo oluhlukile lomdabu lwendawo oluvela esifundeni esingumakhelwane i-Zǐyáng (紫阳县), olwajwayela ngokomlando izimo zasenyakatho ye-Shǎnxī. Luhlobene ne-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Luphawuleka ngokumelana nokubanda okuphezulu kanye nokunothiswa ngokwemvelo nge-selenium.

— Ānhuī Zhūyè Zhǒng (安徽槠叶种, Ānhuī Zhūyè Zhǒng) — uhlobo olwaqhamuka esifundazweni i-Ānhuī olunokuqina okukhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

Izinhlobo eziyinsiza: i-Lóngjǐng 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng Sìshísān) ne-Fúdǐng Dàbái (福鼎大白, Fúdǐng Dàbái) — izinhlobo zokuqala ezihlinzeka ngokuvuna kwangaphambi kwasentwasahlobo. Edolobhaneni lase-Shìmǎ (试马镇), endaweni yase-Qīngquān (清泉乡), kusenezindawo zokutshala ezinezihlahla ezindala ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30; isisindo semicununu eyikhulu (imbewu + iqabunga elilodwa) cishe singama-45 g.

Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo (春茶, chūnchá) — okuyinhloko, kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaNdasa kuze kube ngasekupheleni kukaMbaso. Ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu — ukuvuna ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng (明前茶, míng qián chá).
Izinga lokuvuna: Ibanga elikhethekile: imicununu eyodwa (单芽, dān yá) — okungenani ama-90% ezintweni ezingavuthiwe. Ibanga lokuqala: umcununu oneqabunga elilodwa eliqala ukuvuleka (一芽一叶初展) — okungenani ama-80%. Ibanga lesibili: umcununu oneqabunga elilodwa elivulekile (一芽一叶开展). Kunomthetho othi “imigomo emihlanu yokungavuni” (五不采): ungavuni emvuleni, ngamazolo, amahlumela ansomi, amaqabunga alimele kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe ezingahambisani nezinga.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Ukuvuna ngesandla kuphela, kubhasikidi oqinisiwe. Amaqabunga akufanele acindezelwe entendeni yesandla noma afakwe ngokucindezela kubhasikidi. Izinto ezingavuthiwe kufanele zifike endaweni yokucubungula ngalolo suku. Isilinganiso samaqabunga awodwa (ngaphandle komcununu) — esingekho ngaphezu kuka-5%. Umkhiqizo udlule esitifiketini se-organic saseYurophu.

4. Indawo Yokutshala kanye Nezici Zokukhula:

Isifunda i-Shāngnán sitholakala emthambekeni oseningizimu wokhahlamba lwe-Qínlǐng (秦岭, Qínlǐng) — umngcele omkhulu wesimo sezulu eShayina ohlukanisa indawo eshisayo engaphansi kwezindwangu yasenyakatho nendawo epholile epholile. Amasimu etiye asendaweni eshintshashintshayo phakathi kwalezi zindawo zesimo sezulu, okunquma ubunjalo obuyingqayizivele betiye.

Ukuphakama kokutshala: 300–800 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Isimo sezulu: Ukushintsha kusuka endaweni eshisayo engaphansi kwezindwangu yasenyakatho kuye endaweni epholile epholile (北亚热带向暖温带过渡气候). Izinga lokushisa lonyaka jikelele lingu-14.5 °C — liphansi kakhulu kunezifunda eziningi zetiye zaseShayina. Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa nsuku zonke — ngaphezu kuka-8 °C. Imvula yonyaka — 735–1 000 mm. Ukuchichima kokukhanya okuhlakazekile (散射光, sǎnshè guāng) kugqugquzela ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid eqabungeni: okuqukethwe ama-amino acid etiyeni lasentwasahlobo — okungenani ama-3.0%.
Inhlabathi: I-burozem (棕壤, zōng rǎng) ene-acidic reaction (pH 4.5–6.5), okuqukethwe izinto eziphilayo okungaphezu kuka-1.0%, nokunothiswa ngokwemvelo nge-selenium (硒, xī) ne-zinc (锌, xīn). Amasimu aniselwa ngamanzi omthombo ovela emufuleni i-Dānjiāng (丹江, Dānjiāng) ongaphezulu.
Imvelo: Izinga lokumboza ngehlathi — 65.1%. Isifunda sinikezwe isitifiketi esithi “I-China’s Natural Oxygen Bar” (中国天然氧吧). Ukungcola kwezimboni akukho, izinambuzane nezifo zezihlahla zetiye zenzeka ngokungajwayelekile ngenxa yemvelo enempilo.

Inhliziyo yokukhiqiza: Idolobhana lase-Fùshuǐ (富水镇), umuzi wase-Cháfáng (茶坊村) — indawo yomlando yensimu yetiye yokuqala yase-Shāngnán. Idolobhana lase-Shìmǎ (试马镇), indawo yase-Qīngquān (清泉乡) — izingadi zetiye ezisemagqumeni eziphakeme ngama-300–800 m, ezihlale zigcwele amafu.

Isici esiyingqayizivele sendawo yokutshala: I-Shāngnán iyindawo yetiye entsha esenyakatho impela eningizimu yeShayina (中国西部最北端新兴茶区). Ubusika obubandayo nentwasahlobo epholile zelula isikhathi sokuphumula kwezihlahla zetiye ebusika, okuholela ekunqwabelaneni okuphezulu kwama-amino acid amahhala kanye ne-L-theanine. Lokhu kunikeza itiye ukusha okukhethekile (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng) nobumnandi obugqamile.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán likhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele obuthi “ukugazingwa okuyingxenye nokomiswa okuyingxenye” (半烘半炒, bàn hōng bàn chǎo), obuhlanganisa izakhi ze-chǎoqīng ne-hōngqīng. Lona umkhiqizo wobuhlakani wabalimi betiye base-Shāngnán, obavumela ukuthi babambe iphunga lamakhasimende (ngokugazingwa) kanye nokugcina ubumnene beqabunga (ngokomiswa okuthambile).

Ukulala kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tān fàng): Izinto ezisanda kuvunwa zinandlalwa ngosendlalelo oluncane egumbini elinomoya omningi isikhathi esingekho ngaphezu kwamahora angu-12. Inhloso — ukuvuthwa okulinganiselwe kokuqala kwephunga.
Ukuqondisa ama-enzyme / “ukubulala okuluhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng): Kwenziwa esitsheni esivundlile esijikelezayo ezingeni lokushisa lika-110–120 °C. Izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu kunamatiye amaningi aluhlaza aseningizimu, okuvumela ukucubungula ngokucophelela izinto ezingavuthiwe eziphakeme eziphakeme ngaphandle kokuzishisa.
Ukungenisa umoya (清风, qīngfēng): Ngemva kokuqondisa, iqabunga liyaphephetha (簸扬, bǒyáng) ukususa izingcezu ezingahambisani nezindinganiso nokupholisa.
Ukugazingwa kokuqala (初炒, chū chǎo): Ukugazingwa epanini kwehla ngejika lezinga lokushisa: kusuka ku-100 °C ekuqaleni kuya ku-80 °C ekupheleni. Kulesi sigaba kwakheka iphunga lamakhasimende eliyisici.
Ukubunjwa noku-“kuphakanyiswa kwe-boya” (做形起毫, zuò xíng qǐ háo): Ukubunjwa ngesandla — isigaba esiyinhloko esinquma ukubukeka kwetiye. Iqabunga lisongwa ngesandla lube umoya (螺形, luó xíng), kuyilapho kuvezwa uboya obumhlophe (白毫, bái háo) ngaphezulu. Lona umsebenzi onzima odinga ikhono eliphezulu lengcweti.
Ukulahlwa kwezingcezu ezingalungile (拣剔去末, jiǎn tī qù mò): Ukususwa kwezingcezu ezincane eziphukile, izigaxa kanye nezingcezu ezingahambisani nezindinganiso.
Ukomiswa kokugcina / “ukufudumala” (烘焙, hōngbèi): Ngomoya oshisayo ezingeni lokushisa lika-60–70 °C. Indlela ethambile ivumela ukuqondisa iphunga ngaphandle kokucekela phansi isakhiwo esibucayi seqabunga.

6. Izimpawu Zezinzwa:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga etiye aminyene, asongwe kahle ajikeleze (条索紧细卷曲, tiáosuǒ jǐnxì juǎnqū), ambozwe uboya obumhlophe obuningi (白毫显露, bái háo xiǎnlù). Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani obuthambile (嫩绿, nèn lǜ). Iqabunga lilingana, lihlanzekile, alinazo izingcezu ezimahhadlahhadla.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Inothi elicacile lamakhasimende amnene (嫩栗香, nèn lì xiāng) — uphawu oluyisici lwe-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán. Isisekelo — ithoni entsha, ehlanzekile (清香, qīngxiāng), ejwayelekile kumatiye aluhlaza asentwasahlobo.
Iphunga lomxhantelo: Iphunga lamakhasimende eliphakeme neliqinile, elishintshela ekusheni okuluhlaza okuhlanzekile. Etiyeni le-banga elikhethekile — kunezinto ezincane eziyizimbali.
Ukwakheka: Kumnandi (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), nokunambitheka kwenyama kwama-amino acid. Kumnandi kancane (甘, gān), kuthambile futhi kuminyene (醇厚, chúnhòu). Ukuphela — ubumnandi obude obubuyayo (回甘, huígān) nokwetenyiswa kwamathe okusebenzayo (生津, shēngjīn). Ubumuncu nobunzima cishe abukho uma kuphiliswa ngendlela efanele. Umela ukudonswa oku-4-5.
Umbala womxhantelo: Okuluhlaza okuphuzi (黄绿, huánglǜ), okuhlanzekile futhi okusobala, okucwebezelayo.
Insethe yetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Iluhlaza okotshani obuthambile (嫩绿), ilingana (匀整, yún zhěng), amaqabunga namahlumela avuleka abe “yimiqumbe yezimbali” (鲜活成朵, xiānhuó chéng duǒ), abukeka emasha futhi ephila.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ngenxa yendawo esenyakatho, amazinga okushisa aphansi onyaka jikelele kanye nokuchichima kokukhanya okuhlakazekile, i-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán liphawuleka ngephrofayili yebhayokhemikhali eyisici: okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kanye nezinga eliphezulu ngokusesilinganisweni lama-polyphenol.

Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚): Okuqukethwe — cishe kungama-28% (uma kuqhathaniswa: isilinganiso samatiye aluhlaza ajwayelekile — cishe kungama-20%). Isakhi esiyinhloko — ama-catechin (儿茶素), ngokuyinhloko i-EGCG. Inkomba yokukhishwa kwamanzi (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchūwù) — okungenani ingama-42.5%, okubonisa ukugcwala okuphezulu.
Ama-Amino acid (氨基酸): Okuqukethwe etiyeni lasentwasahlobo — okungenani kungama-3.0%. Kuningi i-L-theanine. Ngempela okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kuhlanganiswe nama-polyphenol alinganiselayo okunquma ukunambitheka okusha, okumnandi kancane.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine — okuqukethwe okujwayelekile etiyeni eliluhlaza (2-4% wesisindo esomile). Kukhona ne-theobromine ne-theophylline.
Amavithamini: UVithamini C (ugcinwa ngenxa yokufakwa komoyampilo okuncane), amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂), uvithamini E.
Amaminerali: Ukunothiswa ngokwemvelo nge-selenium (硒) ne-zinc (锌) — kungumphumela wezici ze-geochemical ze-burozem yomthambeka oseningizimu we-Qínlǐng. Kukhona futhi i-fluoride, i-potassium, i-magnesium, ne-manganese.
Amafutha Abalulekile: Iphrofayili yephunga inqunywa ama-pyrazine nama-aldehyde (inothi lamakhasimende lakhiwa ngesikhathi sokugazingwa), kanye nama-terpene alcohol (i-linalool, i-cis-jasmone) ekuvuneni kwasentwasahlobo.
Izici eziyingqayizivele: Ukuba khona kwemvelo kwe-selenium — kuyivelakancane kumatiye aluhlaza. I-selenium iyi-antioxidant enamandla, futhi inhlanganisela yayo nama-polyphenol etiye iqinisa umphumela wokuvikela. Lokhu kusondeza i-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán kwelinye itiye elidumile lase-Shǎnxī — i-Zǐyáng Fùsè Chá (紫阳富硒茶).

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Umphumela we-Antioxidant: Ama-polyphenol (28%) ahlinzeka ngokuqedwa okusebenzayo kwama-radical mahhala. Ngokwezinye izilinganiso, umsebenzi we-antioxidant wama-catechin etiye eliluhlaza uphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-18 kunalowo kavithamini E.
Ukwenyusa izinga le-cholesterol: Ama-catechin alawula ukwakheka kwe-cholesterol esibindini, anciphisa izinga le-LDL futhi anciphisa ubungozi be-atherosclerosis. Inkomba ephezulu yokukhishwa kwamanzi (≥42.5%) isho ukukhishwa okuphelele kwezinto eziphilayo kuyo lapho kuphiliswa.
Ukuvikelwa kwamazinyo: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fluoride kucindezela umsebenzi wamagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo futhi kuqinisa uqwembe. Ngokwesizinda somthombo, ukusebenza kahle kokulwa nokubola kwamazinyo kungaphezulu ngama-30% kunetiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant nge-selenium: Okuqukethwe kwemvelo kwe-selenium kuqinisa amandla e-antioxidant jikelele, kusekela ukusebenza kwe-thyroid kanye namandla omzimba.
Umphumela wokuqinisa kanye nokwenza ingqondo isebenze kahle: I-L-theanine kanye ne-caffeine kunikeza ukukhuphuka okuthambile, okuqhubekayo kokunaka nokugxilisa ingqondo ngaphandle “kwe-caffeine highs and lows”.
Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Ama-polyphenol anomphumela omncane wokulwa namagciwane emvelweni yamagciwane emathunjini, athuthukisa ukugaya ukudla.
Ingxenye yokupholisa: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-L-theanine kuhlinzeka ngomphumela wokuphumula, kunciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi kugqugquzela ukulala okuseqophelweni eliphezulu (ngokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe ekuseni).

9. Ukuphiliswa Kwanakho:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C. Okwe-banga elikhethekile lemahlumela angawodwa — kuvumelekile ukuya ku-75 °C. Gwema ngokuphelele ukubilisa: izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-85 °C libhubhisa i-theanine futhi landisa ubunzima.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml (isilinganiso 1:50).
Isitsha: Ingilazi (玻璃杯) — ukuze ujabulele inqubo yokuvuleka kwamaqabunga etiye asongekile. I-gaiwan yomhlophe ye-porcelain (白瓷盖碗) — ukuze ulawule ngokuphelele ukukhishwa kwezinto nokuhlola iphunga.
Inqubo:

Shisa isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo, uwakhiphe.
Thela itiye. Kunconywa indlela yokuthelela okuphakathi (中投法, zhōng tóu fǎ): thela u-⅓ womthamo wamanzi, unyakazise kancane ingilazi noma i-gaiwan ukuze uvule iphunga (摇香, yáo xiāng), bese ungeze owamanzi osele.
Ukuhlamba akudingekile — izinto ezingavuthiwe ezibucayi zivuleka kusukela ekudonsweni kokuqala.
Ukudonswa kokuqala — imizuzwana engama-30.
Ukudonswa okulandelayo ngakunye — kwengeze imizuzwana eyi-10–15.
Ukuphiliswa okuphindaphindiwe — izikhathi ezi-4–5.

Amanzi: Amanzi omthombo wasezintabeni (山泉水, shān quánshuǐ) noma amanzi ahlungiwe athambile. Amanzi aqinile acima ubumnandi nobuncane bephunga.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izimo: Ukupakisha okuvalwe kahle, okungangeni ukukhanya. Okungcono kakhulu — esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C. Gwema ukuthintana namaphunga angaphandle, umswakama, nokukhanya kwelanga.
Isitsha: Izikhwama ezivala ngomshini ezine-foil, amathini okusayina anezivalo eziqinile.
Isikhathi: Itiye elisha kunconywa ukuthi “limoyize” endaweni enomthunzi izinsuku eziyi-7 ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa (醒茶, xǐng chá) ukuze kususwe insalela ye-“fire” (火气, huǒqì). Ngemva kokuvula iphakheji — vala kahle, gcina esiqandisini futhi usebenzise phakathi nenyanga eyodwa.
Isikhathi sokugcina esiphelele: Likhombisa ubuhle balo kakhulu ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-6–12. Uma ligcinwe kahle emaphakhejini avaliwe — kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-18 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwekhwalithi.

11. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:

Isigaba sentengo: Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán lingaphansi kwesigaba esiphakathi nangaphezulu. Ibanga elikhethekile (明前, amahlumela awodwa) — kusuka ku-800 yuan/jīn (500 g) nangaphezulu. Ibanga lokuqala (一芽一叶) — 400–600 yuan/jīn. Ibanga lesibili — umkhiqizo omkhulu othengekayo. Intengo inqunywa isikhathi sokuvuna, ibanga lezinto ezingavuthiwe, izinga lokusebenza ngesandla.
Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:

— Ukuhlola ukumakwa: Umkhiqizo wangempela umakwa ngophawu lwendawo oluthi “商南泉茗” noma ilogo yomkhiqizo ethi “秦岭泉茗”. Qaphela isitifiketi sokukhiqizwa kwe-organic.

— Ukubukeka: Amaqabunga etiye aminyene, asongwe ngokulinganayo anoboya obumhlophe obuningi, anombala oluhlaza okotshani obuthambile. Amaqabunga amahhadla, amakhulu, angalingani angenabo uboya — uphawu lokushintshwa.

— Iphunga: Inothi lamakhasimende eliyisici (嫩栗香) — umhlonzi oyinhloko. Ukungabi bikho kothi lwamakhasimende, iphunga elincibilikile noma elimuncu — kuyisizathu sokungabaza.

— Umxhantelo: Uluhlaza okuphuzi, osesobala, ohlanzekile. Umxhantelo ongacacile noma omnyama ubonisa ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe noma ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.

— Intengo: Okuthiwa “ibanga elikhethekile” ngentengo engaphansi kuka-300 yuan/jīn — cishe akulona nhlobo i-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán langempela.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Itiye endaweni “engenakwenzeka”: I-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán linelinye lamatiye aluhlaza asenyakatho impela eShayina. Amasimu atholakala endaweni engu-33–34° enyakatho — enyakatho yomngcele wendabuko wokutshalwa kwetiye (30°). Ukwakhiwa komkhakha wetiye kule ndawo ngeminyaka yawo-1960–1970s kwathathwa njengempumelelo kwezolimo, ngokuhlaba umxhwele okufana nokuhlolwa kwaseSoviet kokuhambisa izitshalo ezingaphansi kwezindwangu ezindaweni ezifana ne-Caucasus.
Owesifazane owashintsha isifunda: U-Zhāng Shūzhēn (1937–2024) — ongumgcini wamahlathi ngokwemfundo, owaba isazi sezolimo setiye — wanikela emsebenzini wetiye lase-Shāngnán iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60. Ngaphandle kwetiye eliluhlaza, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wakwazi ukukhiqiza itiye elimhlophe e-Shāngnán, i-oolong (“Shāngnán Yù Guānyīn” — 商南玉观音) kanye netiye elimnyama le-fúzhuān. Impilo yakhe — yindaba yefilimu yobude obugcwele ethi “Ku-33rd Parallel” (《北纬三十三度》).
I-selenium yemvelo: Amatiye ase-Shāngnán, njenge-Zǐyáng Fùsè Chá edumile, anothiswe ngokwemvelo nge-selenium — ngenxa yezici ze-geochemical zenhlabathi yaseningizimu ye-Qínlǐng. Lokhu kuyivelakancane kumatiye aluhlaza: iningi lemikhiqizo yetiye “ene-selenium” emakethe ingumphumela wokunothiswa okwenziwe ngabantu.
“Imigomo emihlanu” kanye nesitifiketi saseYurophu: Ukuqina kwamazinga okuvuna (不采雨水叶、露水叶…) kanye nokuvinjelwa okuphelele kwezinto zamakhemikhali zokuvikela kwenze ukuthi i-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán iphumelele ekuhlolweni kwe-organic yaseYurophu — impumelelo eyivelakancane kumatiye amaningi ezifunda zaseShayina.
Indawo yomoya-mpilo yaseShayina: Isifunda i-Shāngnán sinikezwe isitifiketi ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi “i-China’s Natural Oxygen Bar” (中国天然氧吧) — ukuhlonishwa kobumsulwa bomoya nemvelo. Lokhu kunomthelela ngqo ebumsulweni bokunambitheka kwetiye: ukungabi bikho kokungcola kwezimboni kanye nokwehlukahlukana okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo kunikeza “ukucwebezela” kwephrofayili ye-oganoleptiki.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

Isici	Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán (商南泉茗)	Zǐyáng Máo Jiān (紫阳毛尖)	Hànzhōng Xiānháo (汉中仙毫)	Xìnyáng Máo Jiān (信阳毛尖)
Isifundazwe	Shǎnxī (Shāngluò)	Shǎnxī (Ānkāng)	Shǎnxī (Hànzhōng)	Hénán
Indawo	33°06′–33°44′ N	32°–33° N	32°–33° N	31°–32° N
Ubuchwepheshe	Ukugazingwa okuyingxenye nokomiswa okuyingxenye (半烘半炒)	Chǎoqīng (炒青)	Chǎoqīng (炒青)	Chǎoqīng (炒青)
Isimo seqabunga	Umo oyisongozo	Okunsikazana	Okuyisicaba, okusongeke kancane	Okunsikazana okuncane
Iphunga eliyinhloko	Lamakhasimende (嫩栗香)	Lamakhasimende, okotshani	Lamakhasimende, okuyimbali	Lamakhasimende
I-Selenium	Yemvelo	Yemvelo (ephezulu)	Encane	Encane
Isici	Indawo yetiye entsha esenyakatho impela entshonalanga yeShayina	Itiye elidume “ne-selenium”	Uphawu oluhlanganisiwe lwase-Hànzhōng	Enye “yezinkulungwane eziyishumi zetiye ezidume kakhulu zaseShayina”

Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán liyagqama kumatiye aluhlaza ase-Shǎnxī ikakhulukazi ngobuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele obuthi “ukugazingwa okuyingxenye nokomiswa okuyingxenye”, obunikeza kona ngesikhathi esisodwa ithoni yokugazingwa yamakhasimende nobumnene obujwayelekile kumatiye omisiwe (hōngqīng). Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Zǐyáng Máo Jiān, isici sayo se-“selenium” asigqamile kangako, kodwa isakhiwo sayo esibucayi kanye nesimo seqabunga esisongekile sithandeka kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Xìnyáng Máo Jiān, i-Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán likhiqizwa endaweni esenyakatho kakhulu, okulenza libe elinye lamarekhodi “asenyakatho” phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza asezingeni eliphezulu.

Ekuphetheni

Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán liyitiye elinomlando ofanelwe inoveli ephelele. Ngemuva kweqabunga ngalinye letiye elisongekile — kukhona iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha yokuphikelela, eyaqala ngesandla esigcwele imbewu ephonswe emhlabathini “ongenakwenzeka” endaweni engu-33°. Namuhla liyitiye eliluhlaza elivuthiwe, elizethembayo: iphunga lamakhasimende, ukwakheka okubushelelezi, ubumnandi obude obubuyayo kanye nalowo mlingiswa “wo mthombo” (泉, quán) okhonjiswe egameni lalo. Ithe Lemithombo Yase-Shāngnán lizofaneleka kubathandi abafuna enye indlela yamatiye aluhlaza ajwayelekile aseningizimu — into ethule kakhudlwana, “enobuntu basenyakatho” ngokwesimo, kodwa ingejule ngokuqukethwe. Kanti kulabo abazisa izindaba ngokufanayo nokunambitheka — leli yitiye okufanele ulizame ukuze kube inkumbulo ka-“Gogo Wetiye” u-Zhāng Shūzhēn.