ISānxiá qīngxīn hóngchá

ISānxiá qīngxīn hóngchá iyitiye elibomvu laseThayiwani elinephunga lemvelo elinamandla loju (蜜香, Mìxiāng), elikhiqizwa esifundeni saseSānxiá ngamahlamvu e-cultivar yendawo eyingqayizivele iQīngxīn Gānzǐ. Leli tiye liyisibonelo esihle sokuhlangana kwemvelo nobuciko babalimi betiye baseThayiwani: iphrofayili yalo engajwayelekile yokunambitheka neyephunga yakhiwa ngenxa yokulunywa yizinampukane ezincane eziluhlaza, okuqala uchungechunge lwezinto eziyimpendulo zokuvikela emaqabungeni.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nendawo Yokudabuka:

• Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (紅茶, Hóngchá) — eligcwele ukugcwala (eli-okhisidiwe). Lingaphansi kwesigaba samatiye abomvu anoju (蜜香紅茶, Mìxiāng Hóngchá) ngenxa yephunga eliyingqayizivele elibangelwa ukuhlasela kwezinampukane emaqabungeni etiye.
• Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu lesifunda laseThayiwani lezinga eliphezulu. Lifakwe ohlwini ‘lwamatiye ayishumi adumile aseThayiwani’ (臺灣十大名茶, Táiwān Shí Dà Míngchá) njengetiye eliyingqayizivele (特色茶, Tèsè Chá).
• Indawo yokudabuka: Isifunda saseSānxiá (三峽區, Sānxiá Qū), uMasipala waseNyu Thayibeyi (新北市, Xīnběi Shì), enyakatho yeThayiwani. ISānxiá iyona ndawo kuphela enkulu kulo lonke elaseThayiwani egxile ekukhiqizeni amatiye aluhlaza (碧螺春, Bìluóchūn kanye no 龍井, Lóngjǐng), kanti ngenkathi yasehlobo — amatiye abomvu anoju avela ku-cultivar iQīngxīn Gānzǐ.
• Amakhodineyithi ezwe: Cishe u-24°56’ enyakatho, 121°22’ empumalanga.
• Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Amamitha angu-300–600 ngaphezu kogwadule lolwandle.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando. Umlando wetiye eSānxiá uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-150. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1860, abokufika abavela ezifundeni zase-Anxi naseYongchun esifundazweni saseFujian bafika lapha namathombo etiye nobuchwepheshe bokuliqhuba. Ngesikhathi sokuphatha kweJapane (1895–1945), inkampani yakwaMitsui (三井合名会社) yasungula ifemu yetiye eSānxiá futhi yahlela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwetiye elibomvu kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ze-Assam ukuze kuthunyelwe ngaphandle — ngaleso sikhathi itiye laseThayiwani lazuza izimakethe zomhlaba wonke okokuqala. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, nokuguquguquka kwezimo zezimakethe, iSānxiá yabuyela ematiyeni aluhlaza, futhi i-cultivar yendawo iQīngxīn Gānzǐ (青心柑仔, Qīngxīn Gānzǎi) yaba yisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-Bìluóchūn ne-Lóngjǐng yaseThayiwani edumile.

Ukuvela kwetiye elibomvu lezinyosi laseSānxiá kuwumlando osemusha. Ngo-2007 (民國96年), iNhlangano Yabalimi YaseSānxiá, isebenzisana neSiteshi Sokucwaninga Ngokuthuthukisa Ukutshalwa Kwetiye (茶業改良場, Cháyè Gǎiliángchǎng) ngaphansi kobuholi bukaQiu Chuifeng (邱垂豐), yaqala uhlelo lokuqeqesha abalimi bendawo ngobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza itiye elibomvu ngezinto eziwubuluhlaza ezincane ezinamaqabunga amancane. Inhloso yayingokoqobo: ukuvunwa kwamaqabunga kwasehlobo kwakuveza itiye eliluhlaza elalinomunyu omkhulu ngenxa yelanga elinamandla, futhi intengo yalo yayiphansi. Ukusebenzisa izinto zasehlobo zikhiqize itiye elibomvu, ikakhulukazi kumaqabunga alinyazwe yizinampukane, kwakuvumela umkhiqizo onephunga eliyingqayizivele loju futhi kukhulise kakhulu amaholo abalimi betiye. Ngo-2010 (民國99年), kwaqhutshelwa umncintiswano wokuqala wetiye elibomvu lezinyosi iSānxiá (三峽蜜香紅茶競賽), okwaqinisekisa le ndawo ngenkonzo entsha.

Igama. “Sānxiá” (三峽) — igama lesifunda, ngokwezwi elithi “imihosha emithathu”. “Qīngxīn” (青心) — “inhliziyo eluhlaza”, sikhomba iqembu lama-cultivar anengxenye ephakathi neqabunga enombala oluhlaza. “Hóngchá” (紅茶) — “itiye elibomvu”, okungukuthi itiye eligcwele ukugcwala. Ezingxoxweni zansuku zonke, leli tiye livame ukubizwa ngokuthi iSānxiá Mìxiāng Hóngchá (三峽蜜香紅茶) — “itiye elibomvu loju laseSānxiá”.

Ukubaluleka kwamasiko. Ukukhiqizwa kwetiye eSānxiá kuyisisekelo somnotho kanye nobuwena bomphakathi wasekhaya. Izimboni zetiye zomndeni, njengeZhengquan (正全茶廠) yomndeni wakwaLi, onezizukulwane ezine, kanye neRisheng (日盛茶廠) yomndeni wakwaZhou, enezizukulwane eziyisikhombisa zezingcweti zetiye, ziwuphawu lokuqhubeka kwesiko lobuciko. Ingqikithi yendawo yamasimu, okuhlanganisa nokulinywa ngamakhontrakthi, icishe ibe ngamahektha angu-180, kanti imindeni ecishe ibe ngu-300 ibandakanyekile ekukhiqizeni. Imincintiswano yaminyaka yonke yetiye elibomvu lezinyosi seyibe yisenzakalo esibalulekile ekhalendeni letiye laseThayiwani, ekhuthaza ukukhula kobuciko kanye nokuncintisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• I-Cultivar: I-Qīngxīn Gānzǐ (青心柑仔, Qīngxīn Gānzǎi), ngolimi lwesigodi lwaseMinnan yendawo ibizwa kalula ngokuthi “gān zǐ zhǒng” (柑仔種 — “uhlobo lweqabunga le-mandarin”). Ingaphansi kohlobo lwe-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis — uhlobo lwamaqabunga amancane lwaseShayina. Lesi yisitshalo esivuthwa kusenesikhathi (早生種, Zǎoshēngzhǒng), siyisidalwa sendawo yaseThayiwani esenyakatho, esitholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zaseWenshan, eXindian naseSānxiá.
• Incazelo yesihlahla: Siyisihlahla esincane, esiphakathi nendawo nesikhulu, esinembewu eqondile eqondile namagatsha ahlukene kancane. Amaqabunga makhulu, abukeke njengamaqabunga ezithelo ezine-asidi (lapho kuvela khona igama elithi “gān zǐ” — “i-mandarin encane”), enempama yokugoba emaphethelweni iye phezulu. Izithombo zetiye zinkulu, zimbozwe kakhulu uboya obumhlophe. Isici esiyingqayizivele sale cultivar yikhono layo lokuzivuselela: ngenkathi izihlahla zetiye ezijwayelekile ziqala ukubuna emva kweminyaka engu-15, i-Qīngxīn Gānzǐ lapho iguga ikhipha amahlumela amasha ohlelweni lwempande, akhe isitshalo esisha ngokushesha esingena esikhundleni sesidala.
• Ukuvunwa: Kungokuzenzela kuphela. Okwetiye elibomvu lezinyosi kusetshenziswa ukuvunwa kwasehlobo nokwasekwindla (夏茶 kanye no 秋茶), lapho ukusebenza kwezinampukane kusezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuvunwa kwentwasahlobo nobusika, ngokuphambene, kuya ekukhiqizeni amatiye aluhlaza. Izinga lokuvuna — isithombo namaqabunga amabili aphezulu (一芽二葉, Yī Yá Èr Yè). Umjikelezo wokuvuna mfushane kakhulu: amahlumela afinyelela ukuvuthwa okudingekayo njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15–20 kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuNovemba.

4. Indawo Nezici Zokutshala:

• Isifunda: Isifunda saseSānxiá, esisendaweni enamagquma enyakatho yeThayiwani, ezansi kwezintaba osebeni lomfula iSānxiá.
• Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Amamitha angu-300–600 ngaphezu kogwadule lolwandle.
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ebomvu ene-asidi (紅壤, Hóngrǎng) ene-pH engu-4.5–5.0, enothile ngezinto eziphilayo. Umkhuba ojwayelekile wokumboza ngekhoba lelayisi ucebisa ngokwengeziwe ungqimba olungaphezulu lwenhlabathi.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo esinamandla emvula (sub-tropical monsoon). Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi cishe lingu-+19 °C. Imvula eningi — ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2000 ngonyaka. Inkungu yasekuseni evamile (izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-150 ngonyaka) yakha umswakama ophakeme oqhubekayo, ovumela ukukhula okuhamba kancane nokulinganayo kwezihlahla zetiye kanye nokunqwabelana kwezinto eziphunga.
• Indlela yokusingatha imvelo: Isici esiyinhloko sokutshalwa kwetiye eSānxiá — ukugwema izibulali-zinambuzane nokushintshela ekutshaleni okuphephile (安全栽培, Ānquán Zāipéi). Lokhu kudala izimo zokukhula kwenani lezinampukane ezincane eziluhlaza (Jacobiasca formosana, isiShayina: 小綠葉蟬, Xiǎo Lǜ Yè Chán). Ukulunywa yilezi zinambuzane kuqala uchungechunge lwezinto eziyimpendulo yokuzivikela esitshalweni setiye: iyasebenza indlela yokwakheka kwama-terpenoid aguquguqukayo kanye nezinye izinto eziphunga, okuyizona ezakha iphunga lodumo loju (蜜香, Mìxiāng) letiye eliqediwe. Le ndlela efanayo iyisisekelo sephunga le-Dōngfāng Měirén (東方美人, Ubuhle Basempumalanga) kanye namatiye e-Darjeeling anamakha e-muscatel.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Sānxiá Qīngxīn Hóngchá kuwubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile be-gōngfū hóngchá (工夫紅茶, Gōngfū Hóngchá) obugxile ekulondolozeni iphunga loju:

• Ukuvuna (採摘, Cǎizhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla kwezinto ezithambile — isithombo namaqabunga amabili. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amaqabunga abe eselinyazwe yizinampukane ngaphambili: inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi “zhuó xián” (著涎, Zhuó Xián — ngokwezwi elithi “ukugcotshwa ngamathe”), iqala ukwakheka kwezinto eziphunga emaqabungeni ngisho nangaphambi kokuqhutshwa.
• Ukwetha amandla (萎凋, Wěidiāo): Amaqabunga avuniwe asakazwa ngoqweqwe oluncane ezisefeni zoqalo ukuze alahlekelwe umswakama. Inqubo ithatha amahora acishe abe ngu-18 ekumswakameni ocishe ube ngu-75 %. Kulesi sigaba izinqubo zokuqala zokugcwala ziyaqalwa, iqabunga libe lithambe futhi lilungele ukusonywa.
• Ukusonga (揉捻, Róuniǎn): Amaqabunga ashaya amandla ayasuswa amandla asongelwa ukubhidliza izingwenya zamaseli nokukhulula amanzi amaseli. Amaqabunga anikezwa umumo ojwayelekile osongiwe omude.
• Ukugcwala (發酵, Fājiào): Isigaba esiyinhloko. Amaqabunga asongiwe abekwa endaweni enezinga lokushisa elilawulwayo (cishe 28 °C) kanye nomoya ophakeme we-oxygen cishe imizuzu engu-120 kuze kufinyelelwe izinga eligcwele lokugcwala. Kulesi sigaba, ama-catechin aguqulwa abe yi-theaflavin ne-thearubigin, okwakha umbala nobukhulu bophiso, kanti izinto eziphunga zoju ezibangelwe yizinampukane ziyaqiniswa futhi ziqinisekiswe.
• Ukwomisa (烘乾, Hōnggān): Itiye eligcwele ukugcwala lomiswa ngokushesha ezingeni lokushisa elicishe libe ngu-90 °C ukuze kumiswe ukugcwala futhi kwehliswe umswakama ube ngaphansi kuka-5 %.
• Ukuhlukanisa (分級, Fēnjí): Itiye eliqediwe lihlukaniswa ngobukhulu nekhwalithi yeqabunga, kuhlukaniswe amathiphu namaqabunga aphelele kokwephukile.

6. Izici Zomzwelo:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amapheshana aminyene asongiwe, amancane anombala onsundu ngokumnyama, acishe abe mnyama, anamachashazi amathiphu egolide, embozwe uboya obuncane.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Linamandla, limnandi, linamakha amabi emvelo oju, izithelo ezivuthiwe (ipentshisi, ibhilikosi), amanambithshana amnandi e-citrus (isici esiphawulekayo se-cultivar i-Qīngxīn Gānzǐ) kanye nomlando omuhle wezimbali.
• Iphunga lophiso: Indawo enezendlalelo eziningi, inqwaba yezithelo ezinoju elimnandi. Igagasi lokuqala — ikhesthinini egazingiwe kanye ne-caramel; lidalulwa ngenhliziyo yoju enamafinyila e-osmanthus eqhakazayo; inothi yokugcina — ubusha obuncane bekhasimende le-citrus.
• Ukunambitheka: Kumnene, kubushelelezi, nobumnandi obukhulu bemvelo nomzimba onamanzi. Iphrofayili yokunambitheka ihlanganisa amanothi oju lwe-linden, umoba kanye ne-melon evuthiwe. Ubumunyu buncane kakhulu. Ukunambitheka kwasemva kuhlala isikhathi eside, kumnandi, kunamaminerali amnene futhi kumnandi okuthakazelisayo, okuncane okucishe kungabonakali, okuqedela nge-“huí gān” (回甘) ebonakalayo — ubumnandi obubuyayo.
• Umbala wophiso: Okhanyayo, obala, kusukela kwi-amber esagolide kuya kwi-orenji ebomvu ejulile, okhumbuza umbala woju oluketshezi.
• Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Amaqabunga athambe, anwebekayo anombala onsundu ngokubomvu ofanayo, avuleke kahle. Izithombo zibonakala ngokusobala.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Iphrofayili yamakhemikhali ye-Sānxiá Qīngxīn Hóngchá ichazwa ngamaqembu ezinto ezijwayelekile zetiye elibomvu kanye nezinto eziyingqayizivele ezibangelwa ukuhlasela yizinampukane:

• Ama-Polyphenol: Ingxenye enkulu yakhiwe yimikhiqizo yokugcwala kwama-catechin — ama-theaflavin (TF), abhekele ukukhanya nobukhali bophiso, kanye nama-thearubigin (TR), akha umzimba nombala. Okuqukethwe ama-polyphenol kungase kwenyuswe njengengxenye yempendulo yokuzivikela yesitshalo ekulunyweni yizinambuzane.
• Izingxube zephunga eziguquguqukayo: Isici esiyinhloko saleli tiye. Ukulunywa yizinampukane kukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwama-terpenoid: i-linalool nama-oxide ayo, i-methyl salicylate (isithako esinethoni yoju), kanye nezinye iziphuzo ze-monoterpene, ezakha inqwaba eyinkimbinkimbi ye-Mìxiāng. Ukuhlushwa kwalezi zingxube kuphakeme kakhulu kunakwamanye amatiye abomvu ajwayelekile.
• Ama-Amino acid: Kukhona i-L-theanine, enomphumela wokudambisa kanye nokukhuphula ukugxila ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine — ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe (2.5–3.5 %), i-theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani amancane.
• Ama-Peptide okuvikela: Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi kukhona ama-antimicrobial peptide (ama-defensin) — ingxenye yempendulo yomzimba yesitshalo ebangelwa ukulimala yizinampukane.
• Amavithamini: C, B₁, B₂, PP.
• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc.

8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:

• Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: Ama-theaflavin ne-thearubigin angama-antioxidant anamandla, asiza ekuvikeleni amaseli ekulimaleni yi-free radical kanye nokubambezela izinqubo zokucindezela oxidative.
• Umphumela omuhle okhuphula amandla: Okuqukethwe okuphakathi kwe-caffeine kuhlangene ne-L-theanine kunikeza isimo sokuphila okuzolile ngaphandle kokuguguleka okukhulu nokwehla kwamandla okulandelayo.
• Ukusekela ukugayeka kokudla: Ama-polyphenol etiye elibomvu akhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya futhi asize ekulungiseni i-microflora yamathumbu. Itiye ngokwesiko libhekwa njengelihle ekudleni kwasemva kwesidlo.
• Uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo: Ukuphuza itiye elibomvu njalo kuhlotshaniswa nokwehlisa izinga le-cholesterol “embi” (LDL) nokugcina ukuguquguquka kwemithambo.
• Umphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye nokulwa namagciwane: Kubangelwa ukuba khona kwama-polyphenol nama-peptide okuzivikela akhethekile.
• Imisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-wave e-alpha ebuchosheni, ithuthukise ukunaka nekhono lokugxila.
• Ukuqinisa amasotsha omzimba: Izinto eziyi-polyphenol zivuselela umsebenzi wamaseli omzimba.

9. Ukuphisa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–100 °C. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lisiza ekuvuleni ngokugcwele kwephunga loju nobukhulu bophiso.
• Inani letiye: Amagremu angu-5–7 kuwo-150–200 ml wamanzi (indlela yokuchitha, gōngfū chá) noma amagremu angu-2–3 kuwo-200–250 ml (indlela yaseYurophu).
• Izitsha: I-gàiwǎn yobumba (蓋碗, Gàiwǎn) — ukukhetha okuhle, okuvumela ukuhlola ubumsulwa bephunga. Kufaneleka futhi iketela lobumba laseYíxīng (宜興紫砂壺, Yíxīng Zǐshā Hú), elizogqamisa ukujula nokuminyana kokunambitheka.
• Inqubo yokuphisa (indlela yokuchitha):
  1. Shisisa i-gàiwǎn ne-cháhǎi (isitsha sobulungiswa) ngamanzi abilayo, uchithe amanzi.
  2. Thela itiye elomile ku-gàiwǎn eshisisiwe. Hogel’ iphunga leqabunga elishisisiwe.
  3. Ukuwasha: thela amanzi ashisayo bese uwachitha ngokushesha. Lokhu kuvusa iqabunga futhi kukhukhule uthuli lwetiye.
  4. Ukuchitha kokuqala: thela amanzi angu-90–95 °C, ugxilise imizuzwana engu-20–30.
  5. Okwesibili nokulandelayo: kancane kancane khulisa isikhathi — imizuzwana engu-30, engu-40, engu-50, umzuzu owodwa.
  6. Itiye likwazi ukumelana nokuchithwa okungu-5–8, ngokulandelayo livuleka ngamathoni amasha.
• Indlela yaseYurophu: Ama-2–3 g etiye kuwo-200–250 ml wamanzi ku-90–95 °C. Ukugxilisa imizuzu engu-3–4. Kufanelekele ukuphuza itiye nsuku zonke.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukuze kulondolozeke iphunga eliyingqayizivele loju nobusha betiye, kufanele kulandelwe le mibandela elandelayo:

• Isitsha: Ukupakishwa okuvalekile, okungabonisi i-transparent — imbiza yobumba, isitsha sensimbi esinesivalo esiqinile, noma isikhwama esinezingqimba eziningi se-foil esine-zip-lock.
• Izinga lokushisa: Indawo eyomile, epholile. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokugcina — ngaphansi kuka-25 °C. Ekugcineni isikhathi eside kuvumelekile ukubekwa efrijini (5–10 °C) kupakishwe ngokuvalekile.
• Ukukhanya namakha: Ukuvikela ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuqondile kanye namakha anamandla angaphandle kuyimpoqo.
• Isikhathi sokuphelelwa: Uma kugcinwe kahle, itiye lilondoloza ikhwalithi yalo kuze kube yiminyaka emibili. Iphunga loju elikhanya kakhulu nelinamandla likhona onyakeni wokuqala ngemva kokukhiqizwa.

11. Intengo Nokungelona iqiniso:

• Isigaba samanani: I-Sānxiá Qīngxīn Hóngchá ingaphansi kwesigaba esiphezulu samatiye abomvu aseThayiwani. Intengo incike ezingeni, enkathini yokuvuna, ezingeni lokulimala kweqabunga yizinampukane kanye nodumo lomkhiqizi. Izinkatho zomncintiswano (ezithole imiklomelo emncintiswaneni waminyaka yonke) zibiza kakhulu kakhulu kunezijwayelekile. Intengo yokudayisa ebonakalayo emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ingu-25–40 USD nge-100 g yetiye lekhwalithi, izinkatho zomncintiswano zingabiza kakhulu kakhulu.
• Izinto ezinomthelela ezindlekweni: Izinga lokuvezwa kwephunga loju (lapho kukhulu ukuhlasela kwezinampukane, lapho kubaluleke kakhulu); inkathi yokuvuna (sasehlobo, enomsebenzi omkhulu wezinambuzane, lithandwa kakhulu); ukuvuna ngesandla kanye nomthamo omncane wokukhiqiza.
• Ukwazi ukugwema okungelona iqiniso:
  • Thenga itiye kubathengisi abakhethekile abathembekile bamatiye aseThayiwani noma ngokuqondile kubalimi eSānxiá.
  • Linganisa iphunga: iphunga lemvelo loju i-Mìxiāng — linobuningi, limnene futhi lingokwemvelo, ngaphandle kwamanothi e-chemical abukhali. Okungelona iqiniso, okungamakha ngokufakelwa, kunuka ngendlela engashintshi futhi ephoqayo.
  • Hlola ukubukeka kweqabunga: ukuba khona kwamathiphu egolide, ukusonga okuhle nokulinganayo, ukungabikho kwezinto zangaphandle.
  • Linganisa uphiso: itiye langempela likhipha uphiso olukhanyayo, oluhlanzekile, nolusobala olunombala we-amber esagolide. Uphiso olunamafinyila noma olufiphele luwuphawu lwezinga eliphansi.
  • Intengo ephansi okusolisayo: uma intengo iphansi kakhulu kuneyemakethe ngekhwalithi ephezulu okuphakanyisiwe — kukhulu amathuba okungelona iqiniso noma ukushintshwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• “Ukulunywa kobuhle”. Iphunga loju i-Mìxiāng lingumphumela “wokusebenzisana” kwe-bio-chemical kwesihlahla setiye nezinampukane ezincane eziluhlaza Jacobiasca formosana. Ukulunywa yizinambuzane kuqala ukwakheka kwama-terpenoid esitshalweni — yizona zinto eziphunga ezifanayo ezakha ithoni yomculo we-muscatel yetiye laseDarjeeling kanye nephunga le-Dōngfāng Měirén. Kuyindida, kodwa lokho umlimi wesikhathi esidlule ayengakubheka njengokulimaza izitshalo sekuyisisekelo setiye elisezingeni eliphezulu.
• I-Cultivar engafi. I-Qīngxīn Gānzǐ inekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuzivuselela: lapho isihlahla setiye siguga (imvamisa emva kweminyaka engu-15), ohlelweni lwempande yayo kukhula ngokuzenzakalelayo amahlumela amasha, akhe isitshalo esincane esikhundleni sesidala. Ngenxa yalokhu, amanye amasimu eSānxiá abelokhu ethela ngokuqhubekayo iminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu.
• Izinhlangothi ezimbili ze-cultivar eyodwa. Ngamaqabunga e-Qīngxīn Gānzǐ kuso lesi sifunda saseSānxiá entwasahlobo nasebusika kukhiqizwa amanye amatiye ahluke ngokuphelele — i-Bìluóchūn (碧螺春) yaseThayiwani edumile kanye ne-Lóngjǐng (龍井). Ngakho-ke, isihlahla esisodwa sinikeza itiye eliluhlaza elimnene kanye netiye elibomvu loju — kuya ngenkathi yonyaka nobuchwepheshe bokuqhutshwa.
• Umncintiswano njengomdudu wenqubekela phambili. Kusukela kwasungulwa umncintiswano wetiye elibomvu lezinyosi iSānxiá ngonyaka ka-2010, umthamo wezinkatho ezethuliwe ukhule kusukela ku-5 jīn aseThayiwani (斤, cishe 3 kg) kuya ku-10 jīn (cishe 6 kg) ngo-2015 — okungubufakazi bokukhula kobuciko nokuzethemba kwabakhiqizi ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wabo.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye abomvu:

• Rhì Yuè Tán Hóngchá / Hóng Yù (日月潭紅茶 / 紅玉, TTES №18): Itiye elibomvu elivela esifundeni saseNántóu, elikhiqizwa nge-cultivar eyi-Assam eyi-hybrid. Ngokungafani ne-Sānxiá Hóngchá, linokunambitheka okunamandla, nokugcwele komzimba ngamanothi esinamoni neminti, ngaphandle kwephunga loju elivela ezinampukaneni. Iqabunga likhulu, uphiso lumnyama kakhulu futhi lugcwele.
• Huālián Mìxiāng Hóngchá (花蓮蜜香紅茶): Itiye elibomvu loju elivela empumalanga yeThayiwani (isifunda saseHuālián), elikhiqizwa futhi ngokuhlanganyela kwezinampukane kodwa ngama-cultivar ahlukile — i-Qīngxīn Wūlóng (青心烏龍), i-Jīn Xuān (金萱) kanye ne-Cuì Yù (翠玉). Lihlukile kwi-Sānxiá Hóngchá ngomlingiswa omnyama, “waseningizimu”, ngaphandle kwenothi elincane le-citrus eliphawuleka nge-cultivar i-Qīngxīn Gānzǐ.
• Dōngfāng Měirén (東方美人): I-wūlóng yaseThayiwani (hhayi itiye elibomvu), elisuselwa futhi ekuhlaseleni yizinampukane. Nokho, i-Dōngfāng Měirén iyitiye eligcwalile ngesigamu (ukugcwala okungu-60–75 %), kanti i-Sānxiá Hóngchá igcwale ngokuphelele. I-Měirén inephrofayili “ye-muscatel” enezimbali, ngenkathi i-Sānxiá Hóngchá igxile ekubeni mnandi kwezithelo noju.
• I-Darjeeling Second Flush (i-Muscatel): Itiye elimnyama laseNdiya elinethoni ye-muscatel, futhi elibangelwa ukuhlasela yizinampukane (Empoasca flavescens). Ngokungafani ne-Sānxiá Hóngchá, linobumunyu obuphakeme, ithoni “ye-muscatel yamagilebhisi” eqavile, nobumnandi obuncane boju.

Ekuphetheni

I-Sānxiá Qīngxīn Hóngchá iyitiye lapho imvelo nobuciko bomuntu kuhlangana khona ngokuzwana okumangalisayo. I-cultivar eyingqayizivele i-Qīngxīn Gānzǐ, isimo sezulu esincane saseNyakatho yeThayiwani, ukulima okunakekela imvelo kanye “nokusebenzisana” okumangalisayo kwezinampukane ezincane eziluhlaza kukhiqiza itiye elibomvu elinephunga lemvelo eliyingqayizivele lezithelo noju, ukunambitheka okumnene nokunamanzi, nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside okumnandi. Leli tiye liyisinqumo esihle kulabo abazisa ubumnandi bemvelo ngaphandle kwezithako, ubuhle kanye nobuningi bobuciko betiye laseThayiwani, kanye nakubo bonke abafuna ukuzitholela ubuso obusha, obusencane futhi obukhula ngokushesha besiko letiye laseThayiwani.