ISānxiá Biluochun

ISānxiá Biluochun itiye eliluhlaza laseThayiwani elenziwe nge-cultivar ehlukile yendawo i-Qing Xin Gan Zai (青心柑仔, Qīngxīn Gānzǎi), ekhula kuphela esifundeni saseSanxia. Leli itiye linomlando weminyaka engu-260 wezolimo lwetiye kulesi sifunda, olwasinda ezikhathini zama-oolong, amatiye amnyama oMbuso WaseBrithani, i-“Nitto Kocha” yaseJapan nokuvuselelwa kwangemva kwempi — futhi lwathola ubuwena beqiniso kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 ngetiye eliluhlaza elinephunga eliyingqayizivele likabhontshisi we-mung.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingagaywa nezinga le-oxidation elingaphansi kuka-5%). Indlela yokumisa — ukugaywa epanini (炒菁, chǎoqīng).
• Isigaba: Amatiye aluhlaza aseThayiwani. Ingena engxenyeni “yeTaiwan shi da jingdian ming cha” (臺灣十大經典名茶) — “Amatiye Ayishumi Adumile AseThayiwani”.
• Umsuka: IThayiwani, uMasipala waseXinbei (新北市, Xīnběi Shì), isiFunda saseSanxia (三峽區, Sānxiá Qū). Igama lasendulo lendawo — iSanjiaoyong (三角湧, Sānjiǎoyǒng) — “Imifudlana eBhilizayo Emithathu”, ngenxa yemifula emithathu (iDahan 大漢溪, iSanxia 三峽溪 neHeng 橫溪), lapho ihlangana khona isifunda. Izindawo eziyinhloko zamatiye: eningizimu-ntshonalanga (弘道里, 五寮, 大埔, 金敏, 插角, 有木) nasenyakatho-mpumalanga (礁溪, 白鷄, 溪南, 成福, 竹崙) — eyokugcina ikhiqiza impahla eluhlaza yekhwalithi ephakeme kakhulu.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u-24°55’ N, 121°22’ E.

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko:

• Umlando:

ISanxia ingesinye sezifunda ezindala kakhulu ezikhiqiza itiye eThayiwani. Umlando wezolimo lwetiye lapha uhlehlela emuva ku-1763 (unyaka wama-28 wokubusa kweMbusi uQianlong, 乾隆), lapho indoda eyayivela e-Anxi (安溪) okwakuthiwa uLin Liwan (林理完) yaqala ukutshala itiye endaweni yaseXinan (溪南) osebeni oluseningizimu yomfula iHengxi. Izifiki ezivela ezifundeni zetiye eFujian — i-Anxi (安溪) neYongchun (永春) — zaletha izithombo namakhono, zabeka isisekelo sesinye sezifunda zokuqala zetiye enyakatho yeThayiwani.

Ngo-1868, umthengisi waseBrithani u-John Dodd wahlela ukuthunyelwa kwe-“Formosa Oolong Ti” ngaphandle isuka eThayiwani iya eNew York, okwadala umsangano emhlabeni wonke — futhi ingxenye enkulu yempahla eluhlaza yalokhu kuthunyelwa kwakuvela eSanxia.

Ngesikhathi sombuso wamakholoni waseJapan (1895–1945), inkampani i-“Mitsui Gomei Kaisha” (三井合名会社, kamuva — i-Taiwan Nonglin Corporation 台灣農林公司) yamisa izimboni ze-Dabao (大豹) ne-Dalëo (大寮, ngo-1924) eSanxia, yashintshela ekukhiqizweni okukhulu kwetiye elibomvu ngezinhlobo ze-assamica ngaphansi kohlobo lwe-“Nitto kocha” (日東紅茶), olwaluthunyelwa emhlabeni wonke. Imboni yaseDaleo yaba ngesinye sezikhungo ezinkulu zokugaya itiye eMpumalanga Asia.

Ngemuva kuka-1945, lapho amasosha nezikhulu ezivela ezwekazini laseChina zifika eThayiwani, zijwayele amatiye aluhlaza (i-longjing, i-biluochun, itiye le-jasmine), abalimi baseSanxia bagxila ekukhiqizeni amatiye aluhlaza agaywayo (炒菁綠茶). Ngalesi sikhathi imikhiqizo eyinhloko kwakuyi-longjing, i-biluochun, i-xiangpian (香片, itiye le-jasmine) ne-baozhong — amatiye amane amakhulu aseSanxia (三峽四大茶). Itiye eliluhlaza laleyo minyaka lalaziwa ngegama elithobekile “Haishan Lü Cha” (海山綠茶) — “Itiye EliLuhlaza laseHaishan”.

Ngawo-1980 imboni yetiye yaseThayiwani yaba nenkinga: ukwenyuka kwezindleko, ukumiswa kokuthunyelwa ngaphandle nokukhula komkhakha wezokwakha kwaholela ekutheni abalimi balahle itiye ngobuningi. Indawo yamasimu eSanxia yehla isuka kuma-hektare angaphezu kwe-1000 yaya ngaphansi kwe-200. Abalimi abaningi bashintshela esitshalweni se-betel esinenzuzo enkulu.

Ukuvuselelwa kwenzeka ngawo-1990s ngenxa yokuthandwa kwetiye eliluhlaza njenge-“isiphuzo sempilo”. Indima enkulu yadlalwa u-Wang Qingsong (王清松), umphathi weHhovisi Lokuthuthukisa Lenhlangano Yabalimi yaseSanxia, owaphakamisa ukuthi kusetshenziswe imishini ye-baozhong ukukhiqiza i-biluochun. Ngo-1998, ukunambitha komncintiswano wokuqala we-“Sanxia youliang cha — Biluochun” (三峽優良茶碧螺春比賽) kwenziwa, okwamisa isisekelo sokukhuthaza ngenkuthalo itiye lendawo eliluhlaza ngaphansi kohlobo lwe-“Sanxia Biluochun” esikhundleni se-“Haishan Lü Cha” yangaphambili. Eminyakeni eyishumi intengo yempahla eluhlaza yetiye yenyuka ngokuphindwe kasithupha, abalimi abasha baqala ukubuyela emkhakheni.

Ngo-2018 indawo yamasimu etiye eSanxia yayisibuyele cishe kuma-hektare ayi-200; umkhiqizo wetiye walesi sifunda wenza cishe u-8% womthamo wonke weThayiwani.

• Igama:

  • “Sanxia” (三峽) — igama lesifunda, elethwa yiziphathimandla zaseJapan ngo-1920 ngokusekelwe ekuzwaneni negama lendawo lasendulo laseThayiwani elithi “Sanjiaoyong” (三角湧). Ngokwezwi nezwi lisho — “Izimpophoma Ezintathu”.
  • “Biluochun” (碧螺春) — “AmaSpiral Aluhlaza Wentwasahlobo”. Leli gama lathathwa etiyeni eliluhlaza laseChina elidumile elifanayo elivela esifundazweni saseJiangsu, elanikezwa leli gama yiMbusi uKangxi (康熙) cishe ngo-1678, ehlatshwe umxhwele iphunga lalo (ngaphambilini itiye lalibizwa nge-“Xia Sha Ren Xiang” — 嚇煞人香, “Iphunga elibulalayo”). Inguqulo yaseThayiwani yathola leli gama ngenxa yokufana kokubukeka (ama-spiral aluhlaza aqinile anoboya obumhlophe) nokuphawuleka kwephunga, kodwa ngokwephrofayili yokunambitheka ingumkhiqizo ozimele.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: ISanxia Biluochun iwuphawu lokuvuselelwa nokuqina kwezolimo lwetiye lwaseThayiwani. Leli tiye likhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi isifunda, esadlula emagagasini amaningi okushintsha okukhulu kwemikhuba yetiye (oolong → itiye elibomvu → itiye eliluhlaza → ukwehla → ukuvuselelwa), salithola kanjani ubuwena bayo obuyingqayizivele ngokuhlanganisa i-cultivar ekhona lapho kuphela nobuchwepheshe obujwayelanisiwe. ISanxia iyona kuphela indawo yaseThayiwani esebenzisa umgomo we-“jian ya jiu cai” (見芽就採) — “ubonile ihlumela — likhe”, okugcizelela ubuncane obukhethekile bempahla yendawo eluhlaza. Itiye lisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokupheka eSanxia: amadizethi agxishwe netiye, imiqulu yetiye, nokungeniswa okubandayo sekuphenduke izikhumbuzo zesifunda.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo nempahla eluhlaza:

• Izinhlobo / I-Cultivar: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. I-cultivar eyinhloko — i-Qing Xin Gan Zai (青心柑仔, Qīngxīn Gānzǎi), eyaziwa nangokuthi “Gan Zai” (柑仔). Lena i-cultivar enamahlamvu amancane evuthwa kusenesikhathi (早生種, zǎoshēngzhǒng), ekhona kuphela esifundeni saseSanxia — ayitshalwa ngenye indawo eThayiwani nangaphandle kwayo. Umsuka wayo usalokhu uyimpicabadala: akukho bantu abadala bendawo noma abacwaningi bomlando abakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yalethwa nini futhi yavela kuphi; imibhalo ebhaliwe ayikho. Isihlahla sinosayizi omaphakathi noma omkhulu, sinamagatsha amancane, futhi simila sime kancane. Amahlamvu makhulu, akhumbuza ukuma kwamahlamvu e-citrus (柑葉, gānyè) — yingakho igama linjalo. Isici esiphawulekayo — imiphetho yamahlamvu egobeke phezulu ngokusobala. Amahlumela amancane aluhlaza, anoboya obumhlophe obuningi (白毫, báiháo). Izimbali zinenani elikhulu ngokungavamile lamacembe. Le cultivar ifaneleka kahle kakhulu ukukhiqiza amatiye aluhlaza (ikakhulukazi i-longjing ne-biluochun); kukhiqizwa futhi itiye elibomvu (蜜香紅茶, mi xiang hong cha) elinamanothi aphawulekayo oju ne-citrus. Eminyakeni yakamuva i-Sanxia bayaqala ukutshala ne-Jin Xuan (金萱, i-Taicha No. 12), okudala ukukhathazeka phakathi kwabajabulisa — ukusabalala kwama-cultivar amasha kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwephrofayili yephunga “eliluhlaza-kabhontshisi” eyingqayizivele, okungeyona ye-Qing Xin Gan Zai kuphela.
• Ukuvunwa: Izikhathi eziyinhloko — intwasahlobo (春茶, chūnchá, uMashi — ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngaphambi koMkhosi we-Qingming — impahla eluhlaza enenani elikhulu kakhulu) nobusika (冬茶, dōngchá). Impahla eluhlaza yasehlobo (izinyanga ezi-5–8) ivame ukuyiswa ekukhiqizweni kwetiye elibomvu (蜜香紅茶), lapho amahlamvu ehlasele i-leafhopper i-Jacobiasca formosana. Ukuvuna — ngesandla, ngokomgomo we-“jian ya jiu cai” (見芽就採) — uvuna lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, ungalindele ukuvuleka okukhulu.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Ezinhlobeni eziphakeme kakhulu — ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amancane amabili (一心一葉, yī xīn yī yè; 一心二葉, yī xīn èr yè). Amahlumela kumele ambozwe uboya obumhlophe obuningi.
• Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Amahlumela amancane angenamonakalo kuphela. Ngamaqoqo aphambili kusebenza “izinga losuku olulodwa”: wonke umjikelezo kusukela ekuvuneni kuya ekomisweni lokugcina uqedwa phakathi nosuku.

4. Iterroir nezici ezikhethekile zokutshala:

• Isifunda: IsiFunda saseSanxia sisentshonalanga-nyakatho yeThayiwani, endaweni enamagquma lapho kuhlangana khona imifula emithathu, kuzungezwe izintaba. Amasimu asatshalaliswe emithambekeni emincane nasezigodini zemifula.
• Ukuphakama lapho ikhula khona: Amamitha angu-200–400 ngaphezu kolwandle. Iziza ezithile endaweni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga zifinyelela ku-500 m.
• Inhlabathi: Ikakhulukazi inhlabathi ebomvu ene-asidi (i-pH 4,5–5,5), eyakhiwe ngenxa yokuguguleka kwetshe lesihlabathi, enezinga eliphezulu le-iron nokufakwa kwamaminerali. Ukukhipha amanzi kahle kunikezwa uhlelo lomfula.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu se-subtropical monsoon, esinomswakama omkhulu (isilinganiso sonyaka singaphezu kuka-80%), imvula eningi (cishe ama-2000–2500 mm/ngonyaka), ubusika obupholile (izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile likaJanuwari +15°C) nehlobo elishisayo. Kuvamile ukuba nenkungu ekuseni nakusihlwa, edala ukuhlakazeka kwemvelo kokukhanya futhi inciphise umthamo we-ultraviolet emahlamvini.
• Izici ezikhethekile: Kusetshenziswa ukutshala itiye kanye nezihlahla zezithelo (amapentshisi, amakaki), okusebenza njengesivikeli somoya semvelo futhi, ngokombono wabalimi bendawo, kungacebisa iphunga letiye ngamanothi amancane ezithelo. Amapulazi amaningana ashintshele ekulimeni okuphilayo (ngaphandle kokubulala izinambuzane, umquba omncane), okusekelwa inhlangano yabalimi yendawo. Ngo-2018 umkhakha wawuthuthukisa ngokuqinile inkambiso yokulima itiye ngokwemvelo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza iSanxia Biluochun busekelwe endleleni yokugaywa (炒菁, chǎoqīng), kodwa buhlanganisa isici esibalulekile sesifunda — ukubuna okufushane, okungajwayelekile ekukhiqizweni kwetiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile, okunikeza itiye ubumnandi obukhulu nobuthambile uma kuqhathaniswa nezilinganiso zaseChina.

• Ukuvuna (採摘, cǎi zhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla amahlumela amancane ekuseni kakhulu, emva kokoma kwamazolo.

• Ukunaba / Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo): Ukubuna okwesikhashana kwamahlamvu asanda kuvunwa endlini. Lesi sigaba siwuphawu oluhlukile lobuchwepheshe baseThayiwani: amahlamvu ahlangana nomoya, kuqalisa ukuhwamuka okumnene komswakama nokuguqulwa kwephunga okokuqala. Yilokhu kubuna okwenza iSanxia Biluochun ibe mnene futhi ibe mnandi kakhulu kunetiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile laseChina.

• Ukumiswa / “Ukubulawa kokuluhlaza” (殺菁, shāqīng): Ukugaywa ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu (~180°C) epanini eliyisigubhu elijikelezayo. Ama-enzyme ayavinjwa, i-oxidation iyamiswa, amanothi okugaywaya aphawulekayo ayakheka. Ngenxa yokuthi imishini ifana naleyo yokukhiqiza i-baozhong (包種茶), izimboni zaseSanxia zinesisekelo sobuchwepheshe esithuthukisiwe.

• Ukusontwa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Amahlamvu anikezwa ukuma okungama-spiral aqinile kusetshenziswa amarola akhethekile anengcindezi elawulekayo. Inqubo ilingisa ukusontwa ngesandla, kodwa iqinisekisa ukufana kokuma. Uboya obumhlophe emahlumeleni buyaqhubeka nokulondolozwa.

• Ukomiswa (乾燥, gānzào): Ukomiswa kokugcina ezingeni lokushisa elilinganiselwe ukuze kwehliswe umswakama ufinyelele ezingeni elizinzile (<5%), kumiswe ukuma nephrofayili yephunga.

• Ukuhlukaniswa (分級, fēnjí): Ukuhlukaniswa ngesandla nangomshini ngosayizi wama-spiral, ubumbano lwamahlamvu kanye nokuqukethwe amahlumela.

6. Izici zomzwelo:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ama-spiral amancane, asontekile aqinile anombala oluhlaza njengokusabalala (碧綠, bìlǜ), ambozwe uboya obumhlophe obuphawulekayo (白毫). Amahlamvu abonakala makhulu kancane futhi aminyene uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Dongting Biluochun yaseChina.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Eliphawulekayo, eliphezulu, elinephunga eliphawulekayo likabhontshisi we-mung oluhlaza (綠豆仁香, lǜdòurén xiāng) — “ikhadi lokuvakasha” lephunga eliyinhloko le-Sanxia Biluochun. Amanothi angezelelwe: i-nori / ulwelwandle (海苔, hǎitái), ama-chestnuts (栗子, lìzi), umoba (甘蔗, gānzhè), utshani basemadlelweni (牧草, mùcǎo), i-licorice (甘草, gāncǎo). Iphunga lichazwa njengelingaphansi “kwerejista ye-herbaceous” (草本調, cǎoběn diào).
• Iphunga lokungeniswa: Ligcina iphrofayili “eluhlaza-kabhontshisi”, lengezewe amanothi amancane ezimbali namanothi amnandi. Iphunga liphezulu, lihlanzekile, libambelelayo.
• Ukunambitheka: Kuphilayo, kusha (鮮爽, xiānshuǎng), nobumnandi obuphawulekayo bemvelo (甘醇, gānchún) nomzimba ominyene, oyindilinga (質厚, zhìhòu). Kubonakala ubusha obuhlanganisayo obuncane, obushintshela ekunambithekeni okuhlala njalo okumnandi kancane okunomthunzi we-citrus — “umlingiswa wohlobo” oyingqayizivele we-Qing Xin Gan Zai. Uma kuqhathaniswa namatiye aluhlaza aseChina nawaseJapan, iSanxia Biluochun iminyene ngokusobala, igcwele futhi imelana nokuphisa.
• Umbala wokungeniswa: Okusobala, okuluhlaza okukhanyayo noma okuphuzi ngokuluhlaza (淡綠, dànlǜ), okuhlanzekile, okukhanyayo. Ugcina ukusobala ekuphiseni okuningana.
• Iphansi letiye (iqabunga elifakwe emanzini): Amahlamvu amancane aqinile, aphelele namahlumela anombala oluhlaza, avuleka ngokuphelele emva kokuphisa okumbalwa. Ukufana kwephansi letiye kuyinkomba yekhwalithi yempahla eluhlaza.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol (ama-catechin): Izinga eliphezulu, kuhlanganisa ne-EGCG — i-antioxidant eyinhloko yetiye eliluhlaza.
• Ama-Amino acid: Izinga eliphakeme le-L-theanine ngenxa yokuvuna kwasentwasahlobo kanye nesimo sezulu esinenkungu. I-L-theanine inesibopho sobumnandi bokunambitheka (umami) kanye nomphumela wokuphumula.
• Ama-Alkaloid: Izinga elilinganiselwe le-caffeine, i-theobromine, i-theophylline.
• I-Chlorophyll: Izinga eliphezulu, elinikeza umbala oluhlaza njengokusabalala weqabunga elomile nokungeniswa.
• Ushukela: Izinga eliphakeme lama-free sugar (umphumela wokuvuna kwasentwasahlobo kanye nokucaciswa kohlobo lwe-Qing Xin Gan Zai), okukhulisa ubumnandi bemvelo.
• Amaminerali: I-iron, i-potassium, i-manganese, i-fluoride — abangelwa inhlabathi ebomvu ene-asidi yesifunda.
• Amavithamini: UVithamini C (kuze kufike ku-200–250 mg/100 g), amavithamini eqembu B, uvithamini E.

8. Izinzuzo eziwusizo:

• Ukuvikela nge-Antioxidant: Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwama-catechin kunikeza ukuvikeleka okunamandla ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative.
• Ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi yokuqonda: Ukuhlangana kwe-L-theanine ne-caffeine kunomthelela ekukhuphukeni okumnene kokugxilisa nokucaca kwengqondo ngaphandle kokuvuka ngokweqile kwemizwa.
• Ukusekela umzimba ekusebenzeni: Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine nama-catechin incedisa ukusheshisa imetabolism.
• Umphumela wokuphumula: I-L-theanine inceda ekwehliseni ukukhathazeka nokwenza ngcono imizwelo.
• Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: UVithamini C nenhlanganisela yamaminerali kusekela imisebenzi yokuvikela umzimba.
• Itiye elifanele ukuphiswa okubandayo: Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid noshukela, iSanxia Biluochun ivuleka kahle kakhulu kusetshenziswa indlela yokungenisa okubandayo (冷泡, lěng pào), okuvumela ukujabulela izinzuzo eziwusizo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi okushisayo kwamavithamini.

9. Ukuphisa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90°C. ISanxia Biluochun imelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukwedlula amatiye amaningi aluhlaza, kodwa amanzi abilayo awanconywa.
• Inani letiye: 5 g ku-200 ml wamanzi endleleni yokuphisa (功夫泡法); 1 g ku-100 ml ukuze ungeniswe enkomishini; 1 g ku-130 ml ukuze kuphuzwe okubandayo.
• Izitsha: I-porcelain gaiwan (蓋碗) — iyona engcono kakhulu; kufanelekile futhi i-porcelain teapot kanye ne-glass flask. Ukuhleleka kokukhethwa: i-porcelain > i-ceramic > ingilazi.
• Inqubo (indlela yokuphisa):
  1. Shisisa izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo.
  2. Thela itiye elomile.
  3. Ukugeza okusheshayo (amasekhondi angu-20, 85°C) — kuyavunyelwa futhi kunconywa.
  4. Ukuphisa kokuqala nokwesibili — amasekhondi angu-20 umngani ngalinye ku-85°C.
  5. Ukuphisa kwesithathu — amasekhondi angu-20 ku-88°C.
  6. Ukuphisa okulandelayo — kancane kancane yandisa isikhathi. Itiye limelana nokuphisa okugcwele okungu-5–7.
• Ukuphisa okubandayo (冷泡, lěng pào): 3 g yetiye ku-400 ml wamanzi abandayo, ungenise esiqandisini amahora angu-4–8. Le ndlela iveza ubusha obukhethekile nobumnandi obuyisici se-Sanxia Biluochun, futhi iyindlela yokuphakelwa ewuphawu lwesifunda.

10. Ukugcinwa:

ISanxia Biluochun itiye eliluhlaza, elidinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela. Kunconywa ukupakishwa okuvaleka ngokuphelele, okungabonisi ukukhanya (izikhwama ze-vacuum ze-aluminium, amathini oku-ceramic noma angamathini) endaweni epholile, eyomile, kude nokukhanya kwelanga namaphunga anamandla. Ukuze kulondolozwe ubusha obukhulu — esiqandisini ku-0–5°C kupakiwe ngokuphelele okuvaleke ngokuphelele. Isikhathi esihle sokusetshenziswa — izinyanga ezi-6–12 emva kokuvuna; emva konyaka iphunga nobusha kwehla kakhulu. Yisona sikhathi esifushane sokugcina esaba ngesinye sezizathu ezenza inhlangano yabalimi yaseSanxia yaqala ukuhlola ukukhiqizwa kwetiye elimhlophe ngempahla yasekwindla neyasebusika ye-Qing Xin Gan Zai — itiye elimhlophe, ngokungafani neliluhlaza, lilungele ukuvuthwa isikhathi eside.

11. Intengo nokomgunyathi:

ISanxia Biluochun itiye lesigaba senani eliphezulu. Intengo incike endaweni elinganiselwe yamasimu (~200 ha), ukuvuna ngesandla, isikhathi esifushane sokulungiselela kanye nokuba yindawonye kwe-cultivar. Emakethe yaseThayiwani i-Sanxia Biluochun yasentwasahlobo yekhwalithi ephezulu ibiza kusuka ku-700 kuya ku-2000 weDola laseThayiwani (NT$) nge-150 g. Emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe — kusuka ku-25 kuya ku-50 USD nge-100 g.

• Indlela yokugwema okomgunyathi:

  • Thenga kubathengisi abakhethekile baseThayiwani. Inkomba ethembekile — itiye eliphawulwe emncintiswaneni waminyaka yonke we-“三峽優良茶碧螺春比賽” (ophathelwe inhlangano yabalimi yaseSanxia).
  • Hlola ukubukeka: i-Sanxia Biluochun yangempela inama-spiral aminyene aluhlaza njengokusabalala anoboya obumhlophe obuphawulekayo. Amahlamvu amancanyana kakhulu, afana ngokuphelele, aluhlaza ngokuqhakazile ngaphandle koboya — kungase kubhekwe ukushintshwa ngetiye laseNingizimu China.
  • Hlola iphunga eliyinhloko: “绿豆仁香” eliphawulekayo — iphunga likabhontshisi we-mung — yikhadi lokuvakasha le-cultivar Qing Xin Gan Zai. Ukungabikho kwaleli nothi kuyisizathu esiqatha sokusola.
  • Hlola ukubambelela: i-Sanxia Biluochun yangempela iminyene futhi imelana nokuphisa ukwedlula iningi lamatiye aluhlaza aseChina; ayi “phefumuli ngaphandle” emva kokuphisa oku-2–3.
  • Qaphela amanani aphansi ngokusolisayo: ukukhiqizwa okulinganiselwe nomsebenzi wezandla kwenza “iSanxia Biluochun” eshibhile ingabi ngokoqobo.

12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:

• I-cultivar Qing Xin Gan Zai (青心柑仔) — ngenye yezimpicabadala zezitshalo zaseThayiwani: ayitholakali kunoma iyiphi enye indawo yetiye esiqhingini, futhi umsuka wayo awukwazi ukutholakala. Abanye abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi yalethwa ivela eFujian ngekhulu le-18–19 ngechweba laseDanshui (淡水), kodwa abukho ubufakazi obubhaliwe.
• ISanxia iyona kuphela indawo yaseThayiwani esebenzisa umgomo wokuthi “見芽就採” — “ubonile ihlumela — likhe”. Kwezinye izifunda zetiye zaseThayiwani ukuvuna kuxhumene nesigaba sokuvuleka kweqabunga, hhayi ukuvela kwehlumela.
• Kusuka kuyona i-cultivar Qing Xin Gan Zai eSanxia akukhiqizwa nje i-biluochun, kodwa futhi ne-longjing yaseThayiwani (龍井), kanye ne-“mi xiang hong cha” (蜜香紅茶) — itiye elibomvu loju elivela emahlamvini alunywe i-leafhopper i-Jacobiasca formosana. Ngakho-ke, i-cultivar eyodwa ikhiqiza imikhiqizo emithathu ehluke ngokuphelele.
• Imboni yaseDaleo (大寮製茶場), eyasungulwa ngo-1924, yayingesinye sezikhungo ezinkulu zokugaya itiye eMpumalanga Asia. Eduze kwayo kusenendawo yokuhlala yomqondisi wemboni (ngo-1944) ngesitayela sezakhiwo zaseJapan zenkathi ye-Showa, manje eyi-Daleo Tea Museum (大寮茶文館), evulekele umphakathi kusukela ngo-2015.
• Ukuphisa okubandayo (冷泡) — yindlela yokuphakelwa ewuphawu lweSanxia Biluochun: ehlobo elishisayo laseThayiwani amabhodlela anokungeniswa okubandayo aye acishe abe wuphawu lwesifunda njenge tiye elishisayo.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

• IDongting Biluochun (洞庭碧螺春, Dòngtíng Bìluóchūn): “Izenzo” yaseChina evela esifundazweni saseJiangsu. Ikhiqizwa ngama-cultivar amancane anamahlamvu e-Dongtingshan Xiao Ye (洞庭山小葉). Iphunga — lesithelo-ezimbali, linamanothi wamapentshisi namabhilikosi; ukunambitheka — kulula, kuhle, nobumnandi obuncane obuhlanganisayo. ISanxia yaseThayiwani — iminyene kakhudlwana, inephunga likabhontshisi le-herbaceous, ubumnandi obuphawulekayo kakhulu kanye nokubambelela okukhulu kakhulu ekuchithekeni.
• ILongjing yaseThayiwani (三峽龍井, Sānxiá Lóngjǐng): Ikhiqizwa ngayo i-cultivar Qing Xin Gan Zai, kodwa isesimweni esiyisicaba. I-Longjing iSanxia idume ngefomula “色綠、香郁、味甘、形美” — “umbala oluhlaza, iphunga elicebile, ukunambitheka okumnandi, ukuma okuhle”. Yehlukile kwiBiluochun ngokuma (isicaba vs. spiral) nokubaba okugcizelelwe kancane okulandelwa ubumnandi (先苦後甘).
• IXi Hu Long Jing (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba laseChina elinephrofayili ye-chestnut-nati. Ngokungafani ne-Biluochun yaseThayiwani, i-Longjing — yomile kakhulu futhi “inamaminerali”, ngaphandle kwephunga likabhontshisi eliphawulekayo.
• ISencha yaseJapan (煎茶, Sencha): Itiye eliluhlaza oliphekiwe (蒸製, zhēngzhì) elinephrofayili yolwandle, yolwelwandle. ISanxia Biluochun — igaxiwe (炒製), enomlingiswa we-herbaceous-ka-bhontshisi; ayi “lwandle” kangako futhi “lomhlabathi” ngokunambitheka, futhi imelana nokuphisa ngokubonakalayo.

Ekuphetheni:

ISanxia Biluochun ayilona ikhophi noma ukulingisa “izenza” zaseChina ezidume kakhulu, kodwa itiye eliluhlaza laseThayiwani elizimele elinomlingiswa walo, owazalwa i-cultivar eyindida futhi ekhona lapho kuphela kanye nomlando weminyaka engu-260 wezolimo lwetiye yesifunda. Iphunga layo lokuqala likabhontshisi we-mung, ubusha obuphilayo, ubumnandi obuminyene kanye nokumelana okumangalisayo nokuphisa kuyakwenza kwehluke phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza ase-Asia. Kulabo abafuna itiye eliluhlaza elinomlingiswa — eligcwele, elikhumbulekayo, elikwaziyo ukuziveza kokubili ekuphiseni okushisayo nasekunambithekeni okubandayo kosuku lwasehlobo — iSanxia Biluochun izoba ukutholwa okugqamile.