Sānqīngshān Báichá

Sānqīngshān Báichá (三清山白茶, Sānqīngshān báichá) — itiye eliluhlaza eliyivelakancane laseJiangxi, elivela emhlobeni oguqukayo wamaqabunga amhlophe, elitshalwa ngaphansi kwentaba engcwele yobuDao iSanqingshan (三清山) — indawo eyigugu lomhlaba le-UNESCO. Naphezu kwegama elithi “bái chá” (白茶, “itiye elimhlophe”), leli tiye lisebenza ngobuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza futhi liyingxenye yekilasi “lamaqabunga amhlophe aluhlaza” — ngokufana ne-Anji Bai Cha (安吉白茶, Ānjí Báichá) edumile. Inani lalo eliphambili — okuqukethwe okungavamile kwama-amino acid: 6–10%, okuphakeme ngokuphindwe ka-2–3 kunetiyeni eliluhlaza elijwayelekile, nezinga eliphansi kakhulu le-poly phenol (13–16%). Lesi silinganiso esiyingqayizivele sidala ukunambitheka okumnandi nokuthambile okungavamile — “ubisi lwe-jade” ngaphandle komthunzi wobuhlungu.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshelwanga, 绿茶, lǜchá), elenziwe ngezinhlobo eziguqukile zamaqabunga amhlophe. Naphezu kwegama elithi “bái chá”, akulona itiye elimhlophe ngomqondo ongokwesiko (eliyingxenye yesigaba se-白茶 esinezinqubo ezincane), kodwa itiye eliluhlaza elinombala omhlophe / ophuzi ngobumnene wepuleti leqabunga. Indlela yokulungisa — ukugazingwa kwesigubhu ngo-130–140 °C.

• Isigaba: Umkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sezolimo (农产品地理标志, kusukela ngo-2011, Isaziso №1635); “Itiye elidumile laseJiangxi” (江西名茶, 2013). Uhlobo lwetiye oluyivelakancane — “i-amino acid ephezulu, i-poly phenol ephansi” (高氨基酸低茶多酚).

• Imvelaphi: I-China; Isifundazwe saseJiangxi (江西, Jiāngxī); Isifunda saseYushan (玉山县, Yùshān Xiàn), esiyingxenye yesifunda somkhandlu waseShangrao (上饶市, Shàngráo Shì). Indawo evikelwe — yisingeneyo yesifunda. Umnyombo wekhwalithi — indawo yaseSanqing (三清乡, Sānqīng Xiāng), idolobha laseZihu (紫湖镇, Zǐhú Zhèn) nendawo yaseHuaiyu (怀玉乡, Huáiyù Xiāng) — izingadi zetiye eziphakeme (>700 m) emthonjeni womfula i-Xinjiang (信江, Xìnjiāng), endaweni enezinkungu zaphakade ngaphansi kwentaba iSanqingshan.

• Izinombolo zokuma: 117°52′–118°25′ E, 28°30′–28°59′ N (indawo yesifunda saseYushan).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando:

Isifunda saseYushan — ngesinye sezindawo ezindala kakhulu zetiye eJiangxi, esasiyingxenye “yezindawo ezinkulu eziyisishiyagalombili zetiye zeTang neSong.” Iphephandaba elithi “Yushan Xian Zhi” (《玉山县志》) lenkathi yeTongzhi (同治, 1862–1874) labhala: “Itiye elivela ezintabeni zeSanqing linambitheka elihlanzekile nelipholile ngokukhethekile… ezinye izindawo azisondeli nhlobo” (茶以三清山产者味特清冽……不及三清远甚). Lobu bufakazi beminyaka ye-1800 buqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi eyingqayizivele yetiye laseSanqingshan yayigunyazwe kudala ngaphambi kocwaningo lwanamuhla.

Ngawo-1970, ifektri yetiye i-Zihu (紫湖茶厂) yakha imikhiqizo emibili egama: “Sanqing Yun Wu Cha” (三清云雾茶, “Itiye lenkungu yamafu yaseSanqing”), eligunyazwe njengetiye elidumile laseShangrao, kanye ne-“Zihu Chunlu” (紫湖春露, “Amazolo entwasahlobo aseZihu”), egunyazwe i-Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Kodwa ngawo-1990, ifektri yema, nehulumende yetiye yadilika.

Ukuvuselelwa kwaqala ekhulwini lama-21, lapho abakhethi bendawo bathola futhi beqinisa ukuguqulwa kwamaqabunga amhlophe — uhlobo “Bai Cha Yu” (白茶玉, “I-Jade yetiye emhlophe”). Lolu hlobo lwaba impendulo yendawo empumelelweni ye-Zhejiang Anji Bai Cha: umgomo ofanayo (umhlobo oguqukile wamaqabunga amhlophe + ukugaywa okuluhlaza), kodwa ngenqubo ye-amino acid eyeqisayo nakakhulu ngenxa yendawo ephakeme yokutshala nezinhlabathi ze-granite. Ngo-2011, i-Sanqingshan Bai Cha yathola isikhundla sesiqinisekiso sendawo yomkhiqizo wezolimo (Isaziso №1635 soMnyango Wezolimo we-PRC). Ngo-2013 yawongwa ngesiqu “Itiye elidumile laseJiangxi.” Ngo-2023, inani lomkhiqizo lafinyelela kuma-2.445 wezigidigidi ze-yuan — ukukhula okumangazayo komkhiqizo omusha ngokuqhathaniswa, okuveza isidingo esikhulayo “samatiye e-amino acid” ekilasi le-luxury.

• Igama: 三清山 (Sānqīngshān) — “Intaba Yokuhlanzeka Okuthathu” — intaba engcwele yobuDao, enye yezintaba ezine ezingcwele zobuDao (四大道教名山), indawo eyigugu lomhlaba le-UNESCO kusukela ngo-2008 (umgomo VII — “ubuhle bemvelo obungavamile”). “Ukuhlanzeka Okuthathu” — onkulunkulu abathathu abaphezulu benkantolo yobuDao (元始天尊, 灵宝天尊, 道德天尊); 白茶 (Báichá) — “itiye elimhlophe,” kubheke kumbala omhlophe / ophuzi ngobumnene ongajwayelekile wepuleti lamaqabunga omhlobo oguqukile. Incazelo ephelele: “Itiye elinamaqabunga amhlophe elivela Entabeni Yokuhlanzeka Okuthathu.”

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Sanqingshan Bai Cha ihlangene ngokweqe nesinye sezimo zezwe ezinhle kakhulu ezintabeni zaseShayina. Intaba iSanqingshan idume ngezinsika ze-granite “ezinjengeminwe,” ezicwila olwandle lwamafu, kanye ne-biosphere ecebe kakhulu (izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-2300). Izingadi zetiye zitholakala endaweni eyisivikelo se-UNESCO, okubeka imingcele eqinile ye-ecology futhi kuqinisekisa ubumsulwa bemvelo. ISifunda saseYushan sigunyazwe njenge-“Natural Oxygen Bar of China” (中国天然氧吧) — izinga lama-ion angemuhle emoyeni liphindwe ka-50 kunelasedolobheni.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla E-Luhlaza:

• Uhlobo / umhlobo: Okuyinhloko — i-Bai Cha Yu (白茶玉, Báichá Yù, “I-Jade yetiye emhlophe”) — uhlobo lwendawo olukhethiwe oluguqukayo lwe-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Lokhu kuguquka kweqabunga elimhlophe oluzwelayo emazingeni okushisa: uma izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-~23 °C, amaqabunga amancane alahlekelwa i-chlorophyll futhi athola umbala ophuzi ngobumnene noma ophaphathekile wobisi (叶肉玉白, “inyama yeqabunga — i-jade emhlophe”), kuyilapho imithambo ihlala iluhlaza ngokucwazimulayo (叶脉翠绿) — kwakha umphumela ohlukile wemibala emibili. Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, amaqabunga aluhlaza kancane kancane. Ikhula ngokuphaphama kusenesikhathi, ukumelana nesithwathwa nokushisa, kanye nenkathi yokuthambile enwetshiwe (izinsuku ezi-7–10 ngaphezulu kunezinhlobo ezijwayelekile). Futhi kusetshenziswa i-Fuding Da Bai Cha (福鼎大白茶). Izihlahla ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-30. Usebenza umgomo “wemikhawulo emihlanu” (五不采, wǔ bù cǎi): ungahlanganisi amaqabunga emvula, amahlumela ansomi, agulayo, alinyazwe izinambuzane, nakhubazekile.

• Ukuvuna: Entwasahlobo — kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuya maphakathi no-April. Inkathi enhle — ngenkathi izinga lokushisa lingadluli u-~23 °C futhi amaqabunga agcina umbala omhlophe / ophuzi ngobumnene. Uma kubambezeleka ukuvuna, amaqabunga ayaluhlaza futhi alahlekelwa yisici sawo esiyingqayizivele “samaqabunga amhlophe.”

• Izinga lokuvuna: Ibanga eliphezulu — amahlumela awodwa noma ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa elivuleke kancane. Ibanga lokuqala — ihlumela elinamaqabunga elilodwa noma amabili.

• Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Amahlumela athambile anombala omhlophe / ophuzi ngobumnene wepuleti leqabunga kanye nemithambo eluhlaza. Ngaphandle komonakalo wokusebenza noma izimpawu zezinambuzane.

4. Indawo Yetshala Nezici Zokulinywa:

Isifunda saseYushan sitholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeJiangxi, ezansi kwentaba engcwele iSanqingshan, lapho kuhlangana khona izintaba zeHuaiyushan (怀玉山) ne-Wulingshan (武夷山). Indawo — izintaba ezimqansa ezinamatshe e-granite angashunqiwe.

• Ubude bokuphakama: 758–1182 m — enye yezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu zetiye eJiangxi.

• Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon, eyentabeni. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo 17–18 °C; imvula 1400–1724 mm/ngonyaka; izinsuku ezinenkungu >180 ngonyaka; umehluko wokushisa kobusuku nosuku >8 °C. Ubusuku obupholile basentwasahlobo (ngaphansi kuka-23 °C) bubalulekile ekuveleleni kokuguquka kweqabunga elimhlophe — yilokhu okuncane kwesimo sezulu esentabeni okuqinisekisa inkathi ende “emhlophe,” engenakutholakala ezindaweni eziphansi.

• Inhlabathi: I-red soil ne-yellow soil (红壤、黄壤), pH 5.0–6.5. Icebiswe nge-zinc (76.2 mg/kg) ne-selenium (0.82 mg/kg) — izimpawu ze-geochemical ze-granite massif yaseSanqingshan.

• I -ecology: Ukuvalwa kwamahlathi — 81%. Isiqinisekiso “Natural Oxygen Bar of China” (中国天然氧吧) — izinga lama-ion angemuhle liphindwe ka-50 kunelasemadolobheni. Izingadi zetiye zitholakala endaweni eyisivikelo ye-UNESCO yeSanqingshan, ukunisela — ngamanzi emithombo encusa komfula i-Xinjiang. Ukungcola kwezimboni akukho nhlobo. I-ecosystem ingavamile: amasimu etiye ahlanganisiwe nezindawo zamahlathi e-coniferous amadala, kanti izinsika ze-granite “ezinjengeminwe” zaseSanqingshan zakha imigoqo yemvelo evikela umoya kanye nezindawo ezincane ezikhuphuka ukufingqa kwenkungu.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Sanqingshan Bai Cha ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe obungavamile “晒青 + 轻揉捻” (ukubuna elangeni + ukusonga okulula), obulinganisa iphunga nokumila. Isigaba sokugcina — ukomiswa ngamalahle.

• Ukubeka / ukubuna (摊放 — tān fàng): Amahora ama-4–6 ekamelweni elinomoya.

• Ukubuna elangeni (晒青 — shài qīng): Ukomiswa kwemvelo elangeni — isigaba esingavamile etiyeni eliluhlaza ngokwesiko. Ukushisa kwelanga okuthambile kuqala ukuguqulwa kwephunga kokuqala nokuphelelwa amanzi ngokwengxenye, kuhlinzeka itiye ngobumnandi obengeziwe nobumbali, ongekho ematiyeni “agazingiwe” kuphela.

• Ukulungisa uhlaza (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukugazingwa kwesigubhu ngo-130–140 °C — izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lokulondoloza inqubo ethambile ye-amino acid. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lingabhubhisa i-L-theanine namanye ama-amino acid.

• Ukusonga okulula (轻揉捻 — qīng róuniǎn): Ukusonga okuncane ukuze kwakheke ukumila nokukhulula ujusi, ngenkathi kugcinwa ubumsulwa bamahlumela noboya bawo obumhlophe (成条保毫, “intambo igcina uboya”).

• Ukubumba (理条 — lǐ tiáo): Ngo-70 °C — ukulungisa ukumila okuqondile.

• Ukukhulula uboya (提毫 — tí háo): Ngo-50 °C, umenzi wezandla ugingqa itiye ngezintende zezandla, “ephakamisa” uboya obumhlophe ebusweni — isigaba esinquma ukucwazimula kwesiliva okujwayelekile.

• Ukomiswa ngamalahle (烘焙 — hōngbèi): Ngo-60 °C emalahleni okhuni kuze kufinyelele kumswakama ≤6.5%. Ukufudumeza ngamalahle kwakha isendlalo esimnandi esicashile, esingasebenzisi iphunga elintekenteke.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imicu eqondile, eqinile, ehlanzekile (挺直紧结); uphuzi ngobumnene okunombala oluhlaza (嫩黄绿润), noboya obumhlophe obugqamile (显毫). Umbala omibili “inyama emhlophe — imithambo eluhlaza” ulondolozeka naseqabungeni elomile.

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Okuluhlaza okuhlanzekile (清香) ngesendlalo esigqamile sezimbali (花香). Umbala ocekeceke, “ongathi yi-milk” — umphumela wokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid.

• Iphunga lokuphisa: Okucebile futhi okuqhubekayo (馥郁, fùyù). Okunezimbali nokuluhlaza, ngesendlalo “sokhilimu.” Akulona iphrofayili “egazingiwe” ejwayelekile — kusondele etiyeni elimhlophe ngokuthamba, kodwa kusha.

• Ukunambitheka: Okusha ngokungavamile (鲜爽), ngobumnandi bemvelo obugqamile (甘醇) nokubushelelezi okushelelayo (滑, huá). Ubuhlungu nokunika kancane akukho nhlobo — umphumela wezinga eliphansi ngokungavamile le-poly phenol (13–16%). Ukunambitheka kwangemva okumnandi okude. “Ubisi lwe-jade” — incazelo yobunkondlo, ephinda ibheke emaphephandabeni ezifunda e-1800.

• Umbala wokuphisa: Okucacile, okuphuzi ngokukhanyayo (ohlotsheni “lwenaliti yesiliva”) noma okuphuzi okusawolintshi (ohlotsheni “lwe-shoumei”). Ukuhlanzeka kuphezulu.

• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Okumhlophe okunombala we-jade nemithambo eluhlaza ngokucwazimulayo (玉白翠绿) — umphumela ohlukile wemibala emibili “wemabula.” Kuphila, kuvuleka “njengamahlumela” (鲜活成朵).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-amino acid (氨基酸): 6–10% — izinga elingavamile, eliphindwe ka-2–3 kunamazinga aphakathi wamatiye aluhlaza (2–3%). I-L-theanine iningi, ihlinzeka ngobumnandi, “i-creaminess” nomphumela onamandla wokukhululeka nokuvuselela. Lesi ngesinye sezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zama-amino acid kuwo wonke amatiye emhlabeni.

• I-Poly phenol (茶多酚): 13.2–15.6% — ephansi cishe ngokuphindwe kabili kunetiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile (25–30%). Izinga eliphansi le-poly phenol lichaza ukungabibikho ngokuphelele kobuhlungu nokunika kancane.

• Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine ebangeni elijwayelekile; i-theobromine, i-theophylline.

• Amavithamini: I-Vitamin A — okuqukethwe okukhuphukile (ipro-vitamin A kufika ku-12.6 mg/100 g); i-vitamin C, amavithamini B, i-vitamin E.

• Amaminerali: I-Zinc — 76.2 mg/kg; i-selenium — 0.82 mg/kg (izimpawu ze-geochemical zezinhlabathi ze-granite zaseSanqingshan). I-Potassium, i-manganese, i-fluoride.

• I-Chlorophyll: Okuqukethwe okuncishisiwe ngesikhathi sesigaba seqabunga elimhlophe — imbangela yombala ophuzi-mhlophe oyisici. Ngokufudumala okwandayo, amaqabunga ayaluhlaza, kodwa ukuvuna kusenesikhathi kulungisa isigaba “esimhlophe.”

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukuvikeleka kwe-antioxidant: Ngaphandle kwezinga elincishisiwe le-poly phenol, ama-catechin ahlanganiswe ne-vitamin E ne-selenium ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuphumelelayo ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative.

• Ukukhululeka kanye nemisebenzi yengqondo: Okuqukethwe okungavamile kwe-L-theanine (6–10% ama-amino acid) kukhuthaza umsebenzi we-alpha wave yobuchopho — elinye lamatiye “okukhululeka nokugxilisa” anamandla kakhulu.

• Ukusekela ukubona: Okuqukethwe okukhuphukile kwe-prov vitamin A (12.6 mg/100 g) kunenzuzo empilweni ye-retina futhi kunganciphisa ukukhathala kwamehlo lapho kusebenza ngamakompyutha.

• Ukusekela kwe-selenium: I-selenium yemvelo (0.82 mg/kg) — umakronutrient obalulekile wendlala yezindlala nezokuvikeleka.

• Ukuthamba kwesisu: Okuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-poly phenol kwenza leli tiye lithambe kakhulu kumucu wesisu kunamatiye aluhlaza ajwayelekile.

• Ukusekela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-catechin asiza ekulawuleni amafutha nezinga likashukela egazini.

• Kubalulekile: Lezi zinzuzo zisekelwe emininingweni ejwayelekile futhi akuzona izincomo zezokwelapha. Akunconywa ukusela ungadlanga (naphezu kokuthamba) nangaphambi kokulala (emahoreni angama-4). Ezinkingeni ze-endocrine — xhumana nodokotela.

9. Ukugaywa Kwetiye:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C. Ungasebenzisi amanzi abilayo — izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-85 °C libhubhisa i-L-theanine futhi lenyuse ubuhlungu.

• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml (isilinganiso 1:50).

• Isitsha: Ingilazi yegilasi — ukubuka umphumela wemibala emibili “wemabula” wamaqabunga; i-porcelain gaiwan emhlophe — ukugxilisa iphunga lezimbali. I-purple clay (紫砂壶) iyavumeleka.

• Inqubo:

  1. Fudumeza isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwayachitha.
  2. Thela i-3 g yetiye.
  3. Thela amanzi ngo-80–85 °C.
  4. Ukugaywa kokuqala — imizuzu eyi-1–2.
  5. Okulandelayo — ngokunyusa isikhathi kancane. Izinggaywa ezi-3–4 ziyavumeleka.

• Qaphela: Kungukugaywa kokuqala lapho kuvele khona ubumnandi obukhulu kanye “nobisi” — umphumela we-L-theanine, ethathelwa ngokushesha kunama-poly phenol. Ukugaywa kwesibili nokwesithathu kuba “ngokuluhlaza” kakhulu ekunambithekeni, kodwa kugcina ukuthamba okuyisici nokungabibikho kobuhlungu.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izinga lokushisa: 0–5 °C (efrijini) — kuyimpoqo; amatiye aluhlaza anamaqabunga amhlophe azwelayo kakhulu e-oxidation.
• Ukukhanya: Ukuvaleka ngokuphelele ekukhanyeni — i-chlorophyll isivele inciphile, i-oxidation eyengeziwe izokwenza itiye libenokuncipha.
• Isitsha: I-vacuum evikiza umoya noma ukupakishwa kwe-foil.
• Isikhathi: Kuze kufinyelele ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ngo-0–5 °C. Kunconywa ukusetshenziswa ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha ukuze kube nokusha okukhulu nobumnandi — ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ama-amino acid ayancipha ngokushesha kunama-poly phenol, futhi itiye lilahlekelwa yisici salo esiyingqayizivele “sobisi.”

11. Intengo Nezingamanga:

I-Sanqingshan Bai Cha — itiye elisengxenyeni yentengo ephezulu ngenxa yezindawo zokutshala ezinomkhawulo womhlobo oguqukile kanye nokuvuna okuncane okuvumelekile. Ibanga eliphezulu — kusuka ku-800 yuan/jin nangaphezulu; ibanga lokuqala — 400–600 yuan/jin.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhangisa okungelona iqiniso:

  • Hlola uphawu lwesiqinisekiso sendawo yezolimo (农产品地理标志).
  • Isiphawuli esibonwayo esikhulu — umbala omibili “inyama emhlophe + imithambo eluhlaza” (叶肉玉白叶脉翠绿) esisekelweni setiye. Itiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile alinikezi lowo mphumela.
  • Ukunambitheka kufanele kuthambe ngokungavamile futhi kube mnandi, ngaphandle kokunika kancane okugqamile. Itiye elibabayo — akulona i-Sanqingshan Bai Cha.
  • Iphunga — okunezimbali nokhilimu, ngaphandle kwamanothi “okugazinga” noma “okotshani.”
  • Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo — cishe kuyinto eqinisekisa ukuthi kufakwa itiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile esikhundleni.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Ama-amino acid angu-6–10%: I-Sanqingshan Bai Cha — ngeyinye yezazi zomhlaba eziphezulu ngokuqukethwe kwama-amino acid. Ukuqhathanisa: i-Anji Bai Cha — 5–7%, i-Long Jing ejwayelekile — 2–3%, i-Gyokuro yaseJapan (enomthunzi) — 4–6%. Uguquko lwaseSanqingshan ludlula ngisho ne-gyokuro ngaphandle kwanoma yimuphi umthunzi.

• Itiye ngaphansi kwe-UNESCO: Intaba iSanqingshan yafakwa ohlwini lwamagugu omhlaba ngo-2008 ngaphansi komgomo VII (ubuhle bemvelo obungavamile). Izingadi zetiye zitholakala endaweni eyisivikelo — lokhu kubeka imigomo eqine kakhulu ye-ecology, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ubumsulwa bemvelo obungavamile.

• **“Indawo yomshayamoya wendawo”: ** Isifunda saseYushan — ngesinye sezindawo “zomshayamoya wendawo” ezimbalwa phakathi kwezifunda zetiye zaseShayina. Izinga lama-ion angemuhle emoyeni liphindwe ka-50 kunelasemadolobheni — isilinganiso, esiyisici samahlathi akude.

• “Ukunambitheka kuhlanzekile futhi kupholile… abanye abangakulinganisa:” Iphephandaba lesifunda lenkathi yeTongzhi (1862–1874) laqopha ukuphakama kwetiye laseSanqingshan ngekhulu le-19 — ikhulu nengxenye leminyaka ngaphambi kwencazelo yesayensi (ukuguqulwa kweqabunga elimhlophe + inqubo ye-amino acid).

• I-Provitamin A — 12.6 mg/100 g: Ngenye yamanani aphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye — umphumela osemgceni onenzuzo we-chlorophyll encishisiwe kanye nokunqwabelana okuphakeme kwama-carotenoid emaqabungeni amhlophe.

• **Kusuka “Enkungwini Yamafu” kuya “Ku-Jade Yebheyili Emhlophe”: ** ISanqingshan yabona ukuvela okungavamile komkhiqizo. Ngawo-1970, lapha benza itiye eliluhlaza lesiko elithi “Yunwu” (inkungu yamafu), ngawo-1990 ihulumende yadilika, futhi ngowe-2000 — yavuselelwa ngomkhiqizo ohluke ngokuphelele: uguquko lweqabunga elimhlophe. Lesi ngesinye sezibonelo ezimbalwa ku-herbaculture yaseShayina, lapho isifunda saguqula ngokuphelele “ubunikazi betiye” ngesizukulwane esisodwa.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza anamaqabunga amhlophe:

• I-Anji Bai Cha (安吉白茶, Ānjí Báichá): I-Zhejiang. Umgomo ofanayo — uguquko lweqabunga elimhlophe (i-Bai Ye 1, 白叶一号), olugaywe njengetiye eliluhlaza. Ukumila — okuyisicaba, “okufana nomkhonto” (凤形/龙形). Ama-amino acid 5–7% uma kuqhathaniswa no-6–10% eSanqingshan. I-Anji — “i-chlorophyll” eningi futhi “iluhlaza” kakhudlwana ekunambithekeni, ngenothi elibonakalayo le-castaneus; iSanqingshan — imnandi kakhudlwana, “inobisi” ngaphezulu, ngesendlalo sezimbali esigqamile kanye nomthunzi wamaminerali ovela enhlabathini ye-granite. I-Anji yaziwa kakhulu futhi ifinyeleleka kalula; iSanqingshan — umkhiqizo oyivelakancane we-luxury onezinga le-amino acid eleqisayo.

• I-Tianmuhu Bai Cha (天目湖白茶, Tiānmùhú Báichá): I-Jiangsu, endaweni yeLake Tianmuhu. Futhi uguquko lweqabunga elimhlophe (uhlobo i-Bai Ye 1). Iphrofayili elula futhi “elinamanzi” kakhulu, “umzimba” omncane. I-Sanqingshan — inephunga elijulile ngenxa yokomiswa ngamalahle nendawo yetshala ephakeme (758–1182 m uma qhathaniswa no-200–400 m).

• I-Zixi Bai Cha (资溪白茶, Zīxī Báichá): I-Jiangxi, isifunda saseZixi (isifunda esiseduze). Uhlobo olufanayo loguqulo, kodwa ezindaweni eziphansi (400–800 m). Inqubo ye-amino acid engaqhami kakhulu. I-Sanqingshan — inokwakheka “okweqisayo” nemingomo eqinile ye-ecology ngenxa yendawo eyisivikelo ye-UNESCO.

Ukuphetha:

I-Sanqingshan Bai Cha — itiye eliyindida: libizwa ngokuthi “mhlophe,” kodwa liluhlaza; amaqabunga alo aphaphathekile-njengobisi, kodwa lapho efudumala ayaluhlaza; ukunambitheka kwalo — ubumnandi obukhilimu ngaphandle komthunzi wobuhlungu, kodwa alushunqiselwe futhi alunaphunga. Konke lokhu — kungumphumela wokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuyivelakancane kakhulu, okuphaphama enkungwini epholile yentaba engcwele yobuDao, lapho ukuhlushwa kwama-amino acid kufinyelela ekhulwini lamaphesenti ayishumi, futhi umoya uhlanzekile ngokuphindwe ka-50 kunasedolobheni. Khipha ngo-80 °C engilazini yegilasi — bese ubuka amahlumela amhlophe-njenge-jade anemithambo eluhlaza ngokucwazimulayo evuleka emanzini acacile, ekhulula lokho “kunambitheka okuhlanzekile nokupholile” okwamangaza umbhali ongenagama womlando wesifunda eminyakeni eyikhulu nengxenha edlule.