Sānjiāng Lǜchá

Sānjiāng Lǜchá (三江绿茶, Sānjiāng lǜchá) — ‘中国大陆早春第一茶’ (Ithiyi lokuqala lasentwasahlobo e-China) evela endaweni eyodwa kuphela e-Guangxi Dong-Miao-Zhuang Autonomous County, ehlangana lapho kuhlangana khona izifundazwe ezintathu — i-Hunan, i-Guizhou kanye ne-Guangxi. Ngenxa yokuba se-25th ‘golden tea’ parallel kanye nesimo sezulu esikhethekile se-subtropical se-Nanling Ridge, ukuvunwa lapha kuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngaphambi kwezinye izindawo zetiye zezwe. Itiye lilukwe ngokujulile emasikweni abantu baseDong (侗, Dòng): liphuzwa nge-‘yóuchá’ (油茶) elinamafutha ngaphansi kwamaphahla e-‘wind and rain bridges’ eziqoshiwe (风雨桥, fēngyǔ qiáo), futhi inani lomkhiqizo linyuke lafinyelela ku-3.6 billion yuan ngo-2024.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elungagciniwe, 绿茶, lǜchá). Ukulungiswa kobuhlaza kwenziwa nge-high-temperature roasting (220–260 °C).

• Isigaba: Umkhiqizo Onesizinda Sezwe Esivikelwe (国家地理标志产品, kusukela ngo-2012); ufakwe eqenjini lokuqala le-Guangxi GI Protection Programme (2024). Uphawu lwetiye olukhulu kunawo wonke e-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

• Umsuka: I-China; Isifunda Esizimele saseGuangxi Zhuang (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī); Isifunda Esizimele saseSanjiang Dong (三江侗族自治县, Sānjiāng Dòngzú Zìzhìxiàn), esiyingxenye yeDolobha laseLiuzhou (柳州市, Liǔzhōu Shì). Lesifunda sisendaweni ehlangana khona izifundazwe zaseHunan, Guizhou kanye neGuangxi (湘黔桂三省交界). Indawo evikelwe iyiso sonke isifunda (amaviliji angama-162). Inhliziyo yekhwalithi yi-Xiānrén Shān (仙人山, ‘Intaba Yokungafi’) e-Buyang Village (布央村, Bùyāng Cūn), e-Bajiang Township (八江镇, Bājiāng Zhèn), kanye nezivande eziphakeme zaseTongdao (同道) naseDujun (独峒).

• Izixhumanisi ze-GPS: ~25°30′–26°00′ N., 108°30′–109°30′ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando:

Ukulinywa kwetiye e-Sanjiang kungenye yezindawo zasendulo e-Southern China. ULù Yǔ (陆羽) encwadini yakhe ethi ‘The Classic of Tea’ (《茶经》) waveza itiye lase-Xiangzhou lasendulo (象州, i-Liuzhou yanamuhla nezindawo ezizungezile) ‘njengelinambitheka emnandi ngokwedlulele’ (味道极佳). Imibhalo ebhaliwe yokutshalwa kwezihlahla zetiye ingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1,800 ubudala, kanti amaviliji ase-Dong asalondoloze izivande zetiye zasendulo emithambekeni ye-Xiānrén Shān.

Isimo esikhethekile setiye emphakathini wamaDong siqinisekiswa idokhumenti yomlando ehlukile: itshe lo-1881 (ngonyaka wesi-7 wokubusa kukaGuangxu) e-Tongle Township (同乐乡, Tónglè Xiāng) linikeza inhlawulo ‘yezinkulungwane ezimbili zezinhlamvu zemali ezinemibala’ (花红二千) ngokweba kweqabunga letiye — ubufakazi bokuthi ngasekupheleni koMbuso wamaQing itiye lase liyisitshalo esibaluleke kakhulu sezolimo esifundeni.

Emakhulwini eminyaka itiye e-Sanjiang lahlala liwumkhiqizo wasekhaya — abalimi bamaDong babelilima emithambekeni emikhulu yezintaba ukuze balisebenzise emindenini yabo nokulungiselela i-yóuchá. Izinto zashintsha ngemuva kuka-1949: uhulumeni waqala ukweseka ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko letiye ezindaweni ezinezintaba ezincane zakuleli njengethuluzi lokulwa nobumpofu. Kodwa ukuguquka kwangempela kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20.

Ukuvuselelwa kwesimanje kwaqala ngo-1989, lapho isifunda sidlulela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu komkhakha wetiye. Ngo-2012, i-Sanjiang Lǜchá yathola isimo somkhiqizo osesimweni esivikelwe. Ngo-2024, inani lomkhiqizo lilinganiselwa ku-3.605 billion yuan, umthamo ophelele wonyaka womkhakha wetiye — 8.6 billion yuan. Indawo yezivande zetiye ingu-215,000 mu (~14,333 ha), umkhakha uqashe abantu abangaphezu kuka-300,000 (amakhaya angaphezu kuka-70,000 emavilijini angu-162), kunezimboni ezingama-490 zokucubungula. Itiye lithunyelwa e-EU nasemazweni ase-Southeast Asia.

• Igama: 三江 (Sānjiāng) — ‘Imifula Emithathu’ — lisuselwa emifuleni emithathu emikhulu yesifunda. Igama lendawo lesi-Dong libonisa ukuhlangana kathathu kwamanzi; 绿茶 (Lǜchá) — ‘itiye eliluhlaza’. Incazelo ephelele: ‘Itiye Eliluhlaza Lemifula Emithathu’.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Sanjiang Lǜchá iyingxenye yamasiko abantu baseDong (侗族, Dòngzú), esinye sezizwe ezihluke kakhulu e-Southern China. Itiye liyingxenye yokudla kwansuku zonke ngesiko le-‘yóuchá’ (油茶) — isiphuzo setiye esinamafutha esilungiswa ngokugazinga amaqabunga etiye nelayisi, amakinati kanye nojinja embizeni yensimbi. I-yóuchá inikezwa kuwo wonke amakhaya amaDong futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile ‘yeDili Lezinkulungwane’ (百家宴, bǎijiā yàn) — isidlo sokuphana lapho umkhaya ngamunye uletha khona isidlo sawo. Izivande zetiye zaseBuyang seziphenduke into ekhangayo yezivakashi: ngo-2018 i-Xiānrén Shān yathola isimo sendawo yezivakashi yezwe engu-4A; izivakashi zingabamba iqhaza ekuvunweni nasekucutshungulweni kwetiye, zilale ezindlini ezincane zezinkanyezi ezingamapulangwe (星空木屋) phakathi kwamasimu etiye, futhi zibuke ukushona kwelanga emathembini etiye ngezwi lezingoma ezikhuluma ngamaphimbo amaningi zamaDong (侗族大歌, Dòngzú Dàgē), ezifakwe ohlwini lwe-UNESCO lwamagugu angenampatho.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Uhlobo / icultivar: Eyinhloko kungu-Fúyún 6 (福云六号, Fúyún Liù Hào), uhlobo lwe-clone olukhula kusenesikhathi lwe-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, oluqinisekisa ukuvuna kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kungezwe nezinhlobo zendawo (ezikhuliswa ngezimbewu), eziletha ukwahlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo. Izimpawu: amathupha athambile, anobunyoninco; isisindo samahlumela ayi-100 ~45 g; amapholifenoli 25.95%, ama-amino acid 2.28% (izinga eliyisisekelo; ezivandeni eziphakeme — kuze kufike ku-5%).

• Ukuvuna: Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kakhulu — kusukela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari / ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari, ezinsukwini ezingama-20+ ngaphambi kwezinye izindawo zetiye e-China. Isikhathi esiyinhloko — uFebruwari–Ephreli.

• Izinga lokuvuna: Ibanga eliphezulu kakhulu — amathupha awodwa noma ithupha elinekhasimende elilodwa elivuleke kancane (一芽一叶初展), uboya bukhulu. Elokuqala — amathupha awodwa + iqabunga elilodwa (90%). Elesibili — ithupha elinamacembe amabili.

• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Amahlumela athambile angenakho ukulimala. Ukutshala — ngezihlumela; umquba wemvelo 15–30 t/ha; izibulali-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali azivunyelwe.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokulima:

I-Sanjiang itholakala ku-25° N — ‘i-golden tea parallel’ (黄金产茶带), emithambekeni eseningizimu ye-Nanling Ridge (南岭), endaweni yenguquko kusuka e-Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau kuya emathafeni aseGuangxi.

• Ukuphakama kokukhula: 300–1100 m; indawo ewumgogodla (Buyang, Bajiang) — 600–1000 m. Kuze kufike ku-70% wezivande zetiye zesifunda zisendaweni ephakeme yezintaba.

• Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical, i-south Nanling. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo 18.3 °C; imvula 1557 mm/ngonyaka; isikhathi esingenasithwathwa izinsuku ezingama-320; umehluko kazamcolo wosuku >15 °C. Imisebe ehlakazekile enamafu kanye nenkungu icishe ibe ngu-~70% wokukhanya, okuvuselela ukuhlanganiswa kwama-amino acid ngempumelelo engu-30% kunasezindaweni eziyizitezi.

• Inhlabathi: Ama-loam aphuzi-abomvu (黄红壤, huáng hóng rǎng), pH 4.5–6.0, izinto eziphilayo ≥1%. Ukudonsa kwamanzi okuhle kuqinisekiswa ukwakheka kwezintaba.

• Imvelo: Ukumbozwa kwamahlathi — 78% — okungenye kweziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezifunda zetiye zaseChina. Izinga lezifo kanye nezilokazane liphansi ngo-60% kunasemathafeni, okuwumphumela wokuhlukaniswa kokuphakama nokuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Izivande zetiye zizungezwe amahlathi emvelo ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zezimboni kuma-radius amaningana amakhilomitha. I-Buyang Village iyisibonelo ‘sokuhlanganiswa kwetiye nendawo’: amasimu etiye anezitezi ahlanganiswe nama-red maple ezinkathi ezine, izihlathi zikakhuni, nezakhiwo zokhuni zamaDong — amabhuloho omoya nemvula, imibhoshongo yezigubhu (鼓楼, gǔlóu), kanye namakhaya ezingongweni. Lesi simiso semvelo asibuhle nje kuphela, kodwa futhi siyadlala indima: izinkahlathi zisebenza njengesivikelo somoya kanye nendawo yokugcina umswakama wezivande zetiye.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Sanjiang Lǜchá ikhiqizwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene (lóngjǐng, bìluóchūn, máo jiān, biǎn chá), kodwa ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bufana: ukugazinga okunokushisa okuphezulu nokulawulwa okuqondile, okulondoloza kuze kufike ku-90% we-chlorophyll, kanye nokwenqabela ukusongwa komshini kwamaqoqo aphezulu. Isici sokukhiqiza ukugcina ubumnene kanye nobuqotho bezinto ezingavuthiwe: wonke umjikelezo kusukela ekuvuneni kuze kube ngumkhiqizo ophelile kuthatha amahora angadluli iwashi elilodwa.

• Ukusabalala / ukuthambisa (摊青 — tān qīng): Ku-20–25 °C amahora angu-4–6. Ukuhwamuka komswakama okuthambile kanye nokuqala kwesizukulwane sezandulela zephunga.

• Ukulungiswa kobuhlaza (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukugazinga okunokushisa okuphezulu ku-220–260 °C imizuzu engu-~5. Ukulawulwa okuqondile kwezinga lokushisa kuvumela ukugcinwa kwezinga elifinyelela ku-90% le-chlorophyll, okuqinisekisa umbala ogqamile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka womkhiqizo ophelile.

• Umhlanganiso wokusonga (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Okuncane, ngokuphazamisa u-50–60% wezindonga zamaseli. Kumaqoqo aphezulu — ngesandla kuphela; ukusongwa komshini akuvunyelwe ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho bamathupha namaqabunga.

• Ukubumba (做形 — zuò xíng): Kuya ngomkhiqizo ohlosiwe: ukusongwa kweziphele (nge-bìluóchūn), ukwehliswa okuyisicaba (nge-lóngjǐng), ukukalwa kube yimicu emincane (nge-máo jiān). Indlela — ‘ukusonga nokuqinisa’ ngesandla (搓条紧结, cuō tiáo jǐn jié).

• Ukomisa (干燥 — gānzào): Kuze kube ngumswakama wokugcina ≤6.5%.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Kuya ngendlela. I-bìluóchūn — iziphele ezisongwe ngokuqinile, eziluhlaza ngesiliva, ezinoboya ‘obufihlekile’ (翠绿隐毫, cuìlǜ yǐn háo). I-lóngjǐng — ‘izinsimbi’ eziyisicaba. I-máo jiān — imicu emincane, eqonde, enoboya obumhlophe obuningi. Isici esivamile: amathupha awugqinsi, ‘anenyama’, asindayo (条索厚重, tiáosuǒ hòuzhòng) — umphumela wezinto ezingavuthiwe zasendaweni ephakeme.

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: I-Chestnut (栗香, lì xiāng) — inothi elibusayo, eliphakeme nelicijile (高锐, gāo ruì). I-orchid note emnene (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng) ekugcineni. Ngokuqina — ubuncane bezinyosi.

• Iphunga lokuthela: I-Chestnut-orchid, ezinzile futhi enkulu. Ngokuphola ithola isizinda esimnandi ‘sezimbali’.

• Ukunambitheka: Okusha (鲜爽, xiān shuǎng) — ‘ukuphila’ okugqamile kwama-amino acid. Okumnandi-okuhlanzekile (甘醇, gān chún), nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside emuva (回甘持久). Ukuqina ekugalweni — amanzi angu-5–7, okuphakeme kakhulu kunesilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza.

• Umbala wokuthela: Oluhlaza-okuphuzi, ohlanzekile futhi okhanyayo (黄绿明亮).

• Iqabunga elingaphansi kwetiye (iqabunga elithelwe): Eliyisithandwa, elilinganayo, eliphilayo (嫩匀鲜活); amathupha namaqabunga ame ngokumile (芽叶竖立) — uphawu lwekhwalithi ephezulu yezinto ezingavuthiwe.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Amapholifenoli (茶多酚): ~28% — aphakeme kune-Xī Hú Lóng Jǐng (~25%). Okuphakeme kwe-EGCG kuqinisekisa umsebenzi onamandla we-antioxidant.

• Ama-amino acid (氨基酸): Kuze kufike ku-5% kumaqoqo aphezulu asezintabeni — okungu-20% ngenhla kwesilinganiso samanye amatiye aluhlaza. I-L-theanine ibusa, iqinisekisa ukuvusha kokunambitheka kanye ‘nesasasa elithambile’.

• Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini: Inkomba ephezulu, ebangela ukunotha nokuzinza kokuthela.

• Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine ebangeni elijwayelekile letiye eliluhlaza; i-theobromine, ne-theophylline.

• Amavithamini: Ivithamini C, amavithamini eqembu B, ivithamini E.

• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluoride — abangelwa ama-loam aphuzi-abomvu asezintabeni.

8. Izakhiwo Zezempilo:

• Ukuvikela i-antioxidant: Amapholifenoli (~28%) kanye nama-amino acid (kuze kufike ku-5%) ahlinzeka ukuvikela okuphakeme ekucindezelekweni kwe-oxidative.

• Umphumela wokuvuselela: Ukusebenzisana kwe-caffeine ne-L-theanine — ukwenyusa ukucabanga okuthambile ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.

• Ukusekelwa kwe-lipid metabolism: Okuphakeme kwe-catechins kuvuselela ukuncibilika kwamafutha.

• Isistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Amapholifenoli asekela ukunwebeka kwemithambo futhi anomthelela ekulawuleni i-cholesterol.

• Ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki: Ivithamini C ne-mineral complex kusekela imisebenzi yokuvikela.

• Imisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine ivuselela umsebenzi we-alpha wave ebuchosheni.

• Impilakahle yomlomo: I-fluoride nama-catechins avimbela umsebenzi wezilokazane ezibangela ukubola kwamazinyo.

• Kubalulekile: Izakhiwo ezichazwe ngenhla zisuselwa olwazini olujwayelekile ngetiye eliluhlaza futhi akusona isiqondiso sezokwelapha. Akunconywa ukuphuza ungenalutho esiswini; okuhle kakhulu — ihora elilodwa ngemva kokudla. Uma uphuza imithi — isikhawu okungenani ihora elilodwa. Umthamo wansuku zonke — kungadluli ku-500 ml.

9. Ukugalisa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–90 °C ngetiye elivamile; 80 °C ngebanga eliphakeme. Amanzi asentwasahlobo yezintaba alungile (山泉水).

• Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).

• Okokusetshenziswa kokuphuza: Ingilazi yengilazi (玻璃杯) — yokubuka ukuvuleka kweqabunga; i-gaiwan yobumba elimhlophe (白瓷盖碗) — yokuhlanganisa iphunga.

• Inqubo:

  1. Fudumeza okokusetshenziswa kwakho ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwakhipha.
  2. Thela amanzi ezinga lokushisa elifanele aze afike ku-2/3 womthamo.
  3. Thela itiye — indlela ‘yokuthela okuphezulu’ (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ): amanzi kuqala, bese kuthi itiye.
  4. Ukuthela kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-90.
  5. Okulandelayo — nciphisa kwaba imizuzwana engu-60. Kuvunyelwe ukugalisa izikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa.

• Qaphela: I-Sanjiang Lǜchá ihluke ngokumelana nokugalisa — iyi-elinye lamanye amatiye aluhlaza anenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthela ngokugcwele (kuze kufike kwangu-7).

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izinga lokushisa: 0–5 °C (efrijini) — kuyadingeka ngetiye eliluhlaza lasentwasahlobo.
• Isitsha: Ukupakishwa okuvalekile kwe-vacuum noma i-foil.
• Ukukhanya: Gcina ebumnyameni obugcwele.
• Amaphunga: Hlukanisa nemikhiqizo enephunga elinamandla.
• Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa: Kufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-12 uma kugcinwe ngendlela efanele. Kunconywa ukuphuza ngokushesha ukuze uthole iphunga le-chestnut eligcwele — ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha amanothi aqala ukuthamba.

11. Intengo Namazinyo:

I-Sanjiang Lǜchá itiye elinobubanzi bentengo. Amaqoqo aphezulu entwasahlobo (ikakhulukazi ‘Wuniú-zǎo Lóng Jǐng’, ukuvuna kokuqala kakhulu) abiza kusuka ku-500–800 yuan/ijin; i-máojiān ejwayelekile yebanga lokuqala — 200–400 yuan/ijin; itiye elikhulu — litholakala ngokwezinga eliphansi ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke. Izimpawu eziphambili: ‘Dòngměi Xiānchí’ (侗美仙池), ‘Sānjiāng Chūn’ (三江春), ‘Bùyāng’ (布央). Esifundeni sekukonke kubhaliswe izimpawu zokuhweba ezingama-436 zetiye.

• Ungawagwema kanjani amazinyo:

  • Hlola uphawu lwendawo yesigodi esivikelwe (地理标志专用标志) — izimboni eziyi-12 ezinesitifiketi esifundeni zingalusebenzisa.
  • Hlola ukushuba nesisindo samaqabunga etiye: i-Sanjiang yangempela evela ezintweni eziphakeme inamahlumela ‘awugqinsi, anenyama’ (条索厚重), angajwayelekile kumazinyo asemathafeni.
  • Hlola iphunga le-chestnut (栗香高锐) — kufanele libe phezulu futhi licace.
  • Ukuthela — okuphuzi-okuluhlaza, okusobala. Ukuthela okunamafu noma okufiphele kuwuphawu lokwephulwa kobuchwepheshe.
  • Ukuqina: i-Sanjiang yangempela imelana namanzi angu-5–7; ‘ukuphela’ emva kwama-2–3 kuyisizathu sokusola.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• ‘Ithiyi lokuqala lasentwasahlobo laseChina’: Ngenxa yecultivar ekhula ngokushesha okukhulu i-Fúyún 6 kanye nesimo sezulu esithambile se-subtropical, i-Sanjiang iqala ukuvuna ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari — ezinsukwini ezingama-20+ ngaphambi kwezinye izindawo zetiye zezwe. Lesi yisidlaliso esisemthethweni, esiqinisekiswe uhulumeni waseGuangxi.

• Itshe le-‘Zinkulungwane Ezimbili Zezinhlamvu Zemali Ezinemibala’: Itshe eliqoshiwe lango-1881 e-Tongle Township — elinye lamadokhumenti ambalwa enkathi yamaQing, aqopha ubugebengu bokweba kweqabunga letiye. Inhlawulo ye-‘huāhóng èrqiān’ (花红二千) ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyisandla esikhulu.

• I-Yóuchá — ‘itiye elinamafutha’ lamaDong: E-Sanjiang itiye liphuzwa hhayi kuphela ngendlela yokugalisa evamile, kodwa futhi nangendlela ye-‘yóuchá’ (油茶) ewugqinsi futhi enamafutha: amaqabunga etiye agazingwa nelayisi, amakinati kanye nojinja embizeni yensimbi ngamafutha, bese kuthelwa amanzi abilayo bese kuhlungwa. I-yóuchá iyisisekelo sokudla kwasekuseni kwamaDong futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yokwamukela izihambi.

• Abantu abangu-300,000 emkhakheni wetiye: Imboni yetiye yaseSanjiang yinkulu kakhulu eGuangxi, ihlanganisa ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu besifunda. Itiye libe yithuluzi eliyinhloko lokulwa nobumpofu (脱贫攻坚) esifundeni — imali engenayo emaphakathi kubahlali baseBuyang inyuke isuka ku-8,153 yuan (2012) yaya ku-20,000+ yuan (2021).

• Izindlu zezinkanyezi emathembini etiye: I-Buyang Xiānrén Shān (indawo engu-4A kusukela ngo-2018) inikeza indawo yokulala ‘ezindlini ezincane zezinkanyezi ezingamapulangwe’ (星空木屋) phakathi kwamasimu etiye ekuphakameni okungama-800 m — enye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthwebula izithombe zetiye e-Southern China.

• Izimpawu zetiye ezingama-436 esifundeni esisodwa: I-Sanjiang ingumaphilisi ngokwenani lezimpawu zokuhweba ezibhalisiwe zetiye phakathi kwezifunda zaseChina. Ngabantu abangaba ngu-400,000, kunemikhiqizo yamatiye engama-436 kanye nezimboni ezingama-490 zokucubungula lapha — imboni yetiye ihamba phambili kuzo zonke izici zempilo.

• Izingoma zamaphimbo amaningi zamaDong netiye: Abantu bamaDong — esinye sezizwe ezimbalwa emhlabeni, ezigcine isiko lokucula ngezwi elilodwa elinamaphimbo amaningi ngaphandle komqhubi (侗族大歌, Dòngzú Dàgē, efakwe ohlwini lwe-UNESCO). Emikhosini yetiye yaseBuyang, ukuvunwa kwetiye kuhambisana nezingoma zamaphimbo amaningi — okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile, okuhlanganisa indawo yomsindo nendawo yokunambitheka.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza aseGuangxi nesifunda:

• Língyún Lǜchá (凌云绿茶, Língyún Lǜchá): I-Guangxi, i-Lingyun County. Nayo isezintabeni eziphakeme (800–1500 m), kodwa ivela ku-cultivar i-Língyún Bái Háo (凌云白毫). Iphrofayili yezimbali encane kakhulu, encane kangako ye-chestnut. I-Sanjiang — inombala wesidumbu ogcwele futhi ‘onamandla’; inqoba ekuvuneni kwasekuqaleni.

• Guìlín Máo Jiān (桂林毛尖, Guìlín Máo Jiān): I-Guangxi, i-Guilin. Isendaweni ephakathi nezintaba, inesilinganiso esiphezulu se-selenium. Indlela — ‘izinalithi’ ezincane. I-Sanjiang — ihlukahlukene kakhulu ngezindlela (lóngjǐng, bìluóchūn, máo jiān) kanye nephunga le-chestnut eliqinile.

• Dōuyún Máo Jiān (都匀毛尖, Dōuyún Máo Jiān): I-Guizhou, i-Douyun. Enye yamatiye ayishumi adumile e-China. Indlela — ‘izinalithi’ eziwugqinsi, ezinjengehook ezinoboya obuningi. Ukunambitheka — ‘i-chlorophyll’ kakhulu futhi ‘eluhlaza’, ne-chestnut encane. I-Sanjiang — inephrofayili elifudumele, ‘elinamantongomane’ kanye nokuqina okukhulu kakhulu (amanzi angu-5–7 ngokumelene nangu-3–4).

• Xī Hú Lóng Jǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): I-Zhejiang. Isilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba. Okuphakeme kwamapholifenoli ~25% ngokumelene no-28% e-Sanjiang; iphunga — i-chestnut-nutty, kodwa ‘elomile’ kakhulu. I-lóngjǐng yaseSanjiang — ithambile futhi imnandi ngenxa yesimo sezulu se-subtropical; kanti futhi ukuqina ekugaliseni (amanzi angu-5–7) kuphakeme kakhulu kune-Lóng Jǐng yakudala (angu-3–4). Inzuzo yentengo yaseSanjiang iyenza ibe yindlela ekhangayo yokuphuza kwansuku zonke.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Sanjiang Lǜchá itiye lapho imvelo yase-Southern China namasiko abantu baseDong kuhlangene khona kube yinto eyodwa. Amathupha asekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo avela emithambekeni enenkungu ye-Xiānrén Shān, avunwa ngezandla zabalimi besifazane bamaDong ngezwi lezingoma zamaphimbo amaningi, aphenduka itiye elinephunga le-chestnut eliphakeme, ukuvusha okuphilayo kanye nokuqina okumangalisayo — kufika emanzini ayisikhombisa agcwele, okuyivelakancane etiyeni eliluhlaza. Lapha itiye — akusona nje isiphuzo, kodwa indlela yokuphila: liphekwa ngamafutha ngesikhathi sasekuseni, linikezwa ‘edilini lezinkulungwane’ futhi kusetshenziswa ukwamukela izivakashi zokuqala zasentwasahlobo, lapho lonke elinye i-China lisalinde ukufudumala. Galisa ku-80 °C engilazini yengilazi — bese ubukela amathupha awugqinsi, ‘anenyama’ evuleka kancane, ekhiphela emanzini iphunga lokuqala le-chestnut lasentwasahlobo yaseSanjiang.