Rénhuà Yín Háo · new.thetea.app

Rénhuà Yín Háo (仁化银毫, Rénhuà yín háo) — itiya eliluhlaza lasezintabeni eziphakeme, uhlobo lwe-hōngqīng lǜchá (烘青绿茶, hōngqīng lǜchá) elivela esifundeni saseRénhuà (仁化县) esifundazweni saseGuangdong, elikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwezansi kweNtaba iDānxiáshān (丹霞山) — indawo eyiNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ye-UNESCO (2010). Itiya laziwa ngegama lasendulo elithi “Báimáochá” (白毛茶, “Iitya Elinoboya Obumhlophe”) kusukela ngesikhathi semibuso yakwaMing (《嘉靖仁化县志》), laba yingxenye yemihlatshelo yombuso wakwaQing ethiwa “gòngchá” (贡茶) ngenkathi yombuso wakwaJiaqing (嘉庆, 1796–1820), futhi lalibalwa phakathi “kwengcebo ezintathu zaseRénhuà” (仁化三宝) kanye nama-orchid namakhowe i-xiānggū. Isignesha esiyinhloko yokunambitha kwayo — iphunga le-orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng) elivela ngenxa yohlobo olukhethekile lwendawo lwezitshalo lwe-“Rénhuà Báimáochá Qúntǐzhǒng” (仁化白毛茶群体种) — isihlahla setiya esikhulu esinamahlamvu amakhulu esinoboya obumhlophe obuningi kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe buqukethe imisebenzi engama-28, ebaluleke kakhulu i-“搓条提毫” (cuōtiáo tíháo, “ukugoxa uhla nokukhuphula uboya”) — kwenziwa ngezandla kuphela, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi kagoqane nawokhuni kuphela (ngaphandle kwensimbi ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala). Ngo-1990, itiya laba “umkhiqizo oluhlaza” osemthethweni weMidlalo yase-Asia yaseBeijing.

1. Ikilasi kanye nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiya eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavuthwanga. Lingaphansi kwezomiswa ngomoya oshisayo (烘青绿茶, hōngqīng lǜchá). Isimo — okwenzabule (针芽状, zhēnyá zhuàng): iqondile, icijile, imbozwe uboya besiliva.
Isigaba: Umkhiqizo wezimpawu zomhlaba we-PRC (国家农产品地理标志产品). Izinga lasekhaya i-DB4402/T 10-2021 (韶关市). Amagugu angabanjwayo angaphatheki — ubuchwepheshe obunemisebenzi engama-28. Omunye “wengcebo ezintathu zaseRénhuà” (仁化三宝). “Iitya elidumile laseGuangdong” (广东省优质名茶, 1988). Umkhiqizo oluhlaza weMidlalo yase-Asia yaseBeijing (北京亚运会指定绿色食品, 1990). Indondo yegolide yoMbukiso weZwekazi LaseChina weMikhiqizo Yamahlathi Nekhethekile (全国林业特优新产品博览会金奖, 1994). Indondo yegolide yomncintiswano “Guangdong Ming Cha” (广东省名茶金奖, 2002). Indawo yokuqala phakathi kwamatiya anoboya obumhlophe e-China (中国三大白毛茶之首).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseGuangdong (广东省, Guǎngdōng Shěng), idolobha iSháoguān (韶关市, Sháoguān Shì), isifunda saseRénhuà (仁化县, Rénhuà Xiàn). Isizinda esiyinhloko sokukhiqiza — indawo yaseHóngshān (红山镇, Hóngshān Zhèn), ethole isiqu esithi “Ikhaya Lamatiya Anoboya Obumhlophe e-China” (中国白毛茶之乡), ekhaleni elithi Huánglǐngzhàng (黄岭嶂, 800–1000 m), kanye nendawo yaseChéngkǒu (城口镇) kanye nebhande lamafu elizungeze iNtaba iDānxiáshān.
Izixhumanisi zomhlaba: Cishe 25°05′ N, 113°45′ E (indawo yeNtaba iDānxiáshān: 24°51′–25°04′ N, 113°36′–113°48′ E).

2. Umlando kanye nobaluleko bamasiko:

Umlando:

IMing — amarekhodi okuqala. Encwadini ethi 《嘉靖仁化县志》 (16th century) kubhalwe amatiya endawo: “青茶、黄茶、甜茶、苦茶” — “oluhlaza, ophuzi, omnandi, omunyu”. Ngaphansi kwegama elithi “青茶” kufihlwe isandulelo seRénhuà Yín Háo yanamuhla. Encwadini ethi 《康熙仁化县志》 sekubalwe ngokuqondile igama “白毛茶” (Báimáochá) lokhalo elithi Huánglǐngzhàng, elaziwa nangokuthi “云雾白毫” (Yúnwù Báiháo, “Uboya Obumhlophe Obunamafu”).

IQing — “gòngchá” kanye “nengcebo ezintathu”. Ngesikhathi sombuso wakwaJiaqing (嘉庆, 1796–1820), iBáimáochá yaba yingxenye yemihlatshelo yobukhosi (贡茶). Yaba phakathi “kwengcebo ezintathu zaseRénhuà” (仁化三宝): ama-orchid (兰花), amakhowe i-xiānggū (香菇) kanye ne-báimáochá (白毛茶). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iphunga le-orchid itiya lihambisana “nengcebo” yokuqala — ama-orchid aphilayo.

Ukuqashelwa kwesimanjemanje (1988 — kuze kube manje). Ngo-1988 — isiqu sokuthi “Iitya Elidumile laseGuangdong” (广东省优质名茶). Ngo-1989 — isitifiketi sombukiso wezwekazi lokuthumela ngaphandle (全国出口展品荣誉). Ngo-1990 — isikhundla “sokukhiqizwa okuluhlaza” kweMidlalo yase-Asia yaseBeijing (北京亚运会指定绿色食品) — umcimbi wokuqala omkhulu wamazwe ngamazwe owabanjelwa e-PRC. Ngo-1992 — uphinde wathola isiqu sokuthi “Iitya Elidumile laseGuangdong”. Ngo-1994 — igolide loMbukiso weZwekazi LaseChina wamahlathi. Ngo-2002 — igolide le-“Guangdong Ming Cha”. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza (imisebenzi engama-28) buthole isikhundla samagugu angabanjwayo angaphatheki. Ngo-2021 kwamukelwa izinga lasekhaya i-DB4402/T 10-2021 “Izimpawu zomhlaba — Rénhuà Báimáochá”.
Igama:
- “Rénhuà” (仁化) — igama lesifunda. Uhlamvu lwesiShayina oluthi “仁” (rén, “ubuntu, uthando lomuntu”) + “化” (huà, “ukuguqulwa, ukukhanyiselwa”).
- “Yín Háo” (银毫) — “Uboya besiliva” — incazelo yoboya besiliva obuningi obumboza iqabunga letiya. Igama lasendulo — “Báimáochá” (白毛茶, “Iitya Elinoboya Obumhlophe”). Elinye igama lezentengiselwano — “Dānxiáshān Yínháo” (丹霞银毫, “Uboya besiliva baseDānxiáshān”).
Ubaluleko bamasiko: I-Rénhuà Yín Háo ihlobene kakhulu neNtaba iDānxiáshān (丹霞山) — isibonelo esihle sohlobo lwendlela yokubukeka komhlaba i-“danxia” (amadwala abomvu anemvula enkulu), oluthole igama lalo kule ntaba. I-Dānxiáshān — iyiNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ye-UNESCO kusukela ngo-2010 kanye ne-geopark yokuqala emhlabeni ye-UNESCO kusukela ngo-2004. Izinkambu zetiye ebhande lamafu le-Dānxiáshān — ngezinye zezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokutshala itiya e-Guangdong. Igama elithi “丹霞” (“Ukusa Okubomvu”) lisusela esithombeni sembongi: “色如渥丹，灿若明霞” — “umbala njenge-cinnabar ecwengekile, ukhazimula njengokusa okukhanyayo”.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe:

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Rénhuà Báimáochá Qúntǐzhǒng (仁化白毛茶群体种) — uhlobo lwezitshalo zendawo lwe-Camellia sinensis var. pubilimba (Hung T. Chang). Uhlobo — olunesiqu esikhulu / esiphindaphindayo (乔木/半乔木型), olunamahlamvu amakhulu. Ubude besihlahla ezimeni zemvelo — 5–6 m. Amahlumela amancane ambozwe kakhulu uboya obumpunga-busiliva. Amahlamvu — acwephele, anjenge-oblong, ubude obuyi-12–21 cm, ububanzi obuyi-4–5,5 cm. Iqukethe izinhlobo ezingaphansi: i-báimáo enkulu yamaqabunga (大叶白毛) kanye ne-báimáo emaphakathi yamaqabunga (中叶白毛). Isimo se-biochemical: ama-polyphenols (amatiya) — 33,83–42,84%, ama-amino acid — 3,68–3,92%, i-caffeine — 4,66–5,5%, izinto ezikhishwa emanzini — ≥45,03% — izilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu, eziqinisekisa kokubili umzimba ocwebile kanye nokuqabula okuvelele.
Ukuvuna: Kusukela ekulinganiseni kwentwasahlobo (春分, Chūnfēn, ~21 Mashi) kuze kube yiQīngmíng (清明, Qīngmíng, ~5 Ephreli). Ngesandla. Itiya elivunwa ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng — “Qīngmíngchá” (清明茶) — lithathwa njengeliyigugu kakhulu.
Izinga lokuvuna kanye namabanga:
- Yín Háo / Báimáo Jiān (银毫/白毛尖, Yín Háo / Bái Máo Jiān): Ihlumela elilodwa noma ihlumela elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa. Uboya bumboza ≥90% yobuso. Iphunga le-orchid — eliphakeme kakhulu. Intengo — kusuka ku-800 yuan nge-500 g.
- Báimáochá (白毛茶, Bái Máo Chá): Ihlumela elilodwa + amaqabunga amabili. Uboya — 70–90%.
- Wūzǐ Báimáo (乌紫白毛, Wūzǐ Bái Máo): Ihlumela elilodwa + amaqabunga amabili kuya kwamathathu. Uboya — 50–70%. Ukunambitheka kugcwele kakhudlwana, “okwesilisa”, okunomunyu oncengayo.
- Huángké (黄壳, Huángké): Iqabunga elivuthiwe. Uboya ≤50%. Uhlobo olujwayelekile olusetshenziswa nsuku zonke.

4. Uhlobo lomhlabathi nezici ezikhethekile zokulinywa:

Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi — 19,6°C. Imvula — 1665 mm/ngonyaka. Izinsuku ezinamafu — ngaphezu kuka-200 ngonyaka. Umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kosuku ubamba iqhaza ekunqwabelaneni kwezixube ezinuka kamnandi. Ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kukhuthaza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid (≥3,10% etiyeni lasentwasahlobo) futhi kunciphise ukwakheka kwama-catechin, kunciphisa ukubabayo.
Ukuphakama: Isizinda esiyinhloko — 700–1000 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Ukhalo oluthi Huánglǐngzhàng (黄岭嶂, 800–1000 m) lumbozwe ihlathi lokuqala elingaphansi kwe-subtropical. Izinkambu zetiye zitholakala “ebhande lamafu” (云雾带), lapho inkungu ihlala cishe nsuku zonke.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ephuzi nebomvu (黄壤、红壤, pH 4,5–6,0), eyakhiwe kuphela phezu kwamatshe anemvula enkulu abomvu (i-danxia). Icebile ngezinto eziphilayo. Icebile nge-selenium — Se 0,15–0,35 mg/kg — indawo yemvelo ye-selenium. Izinkambu zetiye zitholakala endaweni yokongiwa kwemithombo yamanzi, ngaphandle komanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane — ukukhiqiza okuhlanzekile.
Imvelo: Le ndawo iyingxenye yebhande eligcina indawo le-geopark yase-Dānxiáshān. Ukumboza kwamahlathi — ngaphezu kuka-80%. Ukuba seduze kwamadwala abomvu e-Dānxiáshān kwakha isimo sezulu esincane esiyingqayizivele: amadwala anqwabelanisa ukushisa emini bese ekukhulula ebusuku, kunciphisa umehluko wokushisa osukwini nokuphinde kugcine umswakama.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:

I-Rénhuà Yín Háo ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe obungokomthetho obunemisebenzi engama-28 (非遗28道工序, fēi yí èrshíbā dào gōngxù), obuthole isikhundla samagugu angabanjwayo angaphatheki. Izigaba ezibalulekile:

Ukulala (摊放, tānfàng): amahora ama-4–8 emthunzini. Amaqabunga alahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi aqala ukukhulisa izandulela zamaphunga.
“Ukubulala okuluhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng): ubhodwe wensimbi ecijile, izinga lokushisa — 180°C. Indlela “yokuphonsa + ukubilisa” (扬焖结合, yáng mèn jiéhé) — ukushintshanisa “kokuvulekile” kokuphonsa kweqabunga ukuze kumukeke umswakama kanye “nokugqinsiwe” kokubilisa ngaphansi kwesembozo ukuze kushise ngokulinganayo isithako esikhulu samaqabunga amakhulu. Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe iqinisekisa ukungasebenzi ngokuphelele kwama-enzyme ngaphandle “kokushisa” uboya obuthambile.
Ukugoxa (揉捻, róuniǎn): “Ukugoxa okuyimbiza + ukugoxa ngokuphusha ngokushintshanisa” (团揉推揉交替, tuánróu tuīróu jiāotì) — ukwakheka “kwe-inaliti” eminyene eqabungeni.
“Ukugoxa uhla nokukhuphula uboya” (搓条提毫, cuōtiáo tíháo): Umsebenzi omkhulu wayo yonke le ndlela — ukubunjwa ngesandla: iqabunga ligoxwa lube “inaliti” eqondile, kuyilapho uboya besiliva “bukhuphukela” ebusweni, kudala ukucwazimula “kwesiliva” okuyisici. Kwenziwa ngesandla kuphela — umenzi wekhwalithi ulawula ingcindezi yeminwe ukuze angaphuli izinhlayiya zoboya.
Ukomiswa (烘干, hōnggān): Ibhasikidi likagoqane (竹焙笼, zhú bèi lǒng), izinga lokushisa — 90–95°C. Yonke inqubo kusukela ekuvunweni kuya ekomeni kokugcina yenziwa ngamathuluzi kagoqane nawokhuni kuphela — ngaphandle kwensimbi — ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala okuphazamisayo okukhubaza amafutha abalulekile anuka kamnandi abhekele iphunga le-orchid.
Ukoma okokugcina (足干, zúgān): Kuze kube semazingeni omswakama ≤5%.

6. Izici zokunambitha:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: “Izinaliti” eziqondile, ezicijile (挺直似针), zimbozwe uboya besiliva obuningi (绿润披银毫). Umbala — oluhlaza okotsha “omswakamo” (鲜润). Usayizi ungafani — kusuka ku-1,5 kuye ku-2,5 cm.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Lihlanzekile, liphakeme, linokunambitheka okuphawulekayo kwezimbali. Ngisho nasesimweni esomile, kungacatshangwa ukuthi kukhona ukukhala kwe-orchid.
Iphunga lomphunga: I-orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng) — ikhadi lesivakashi letiya, “isiginesha” yobuchwepheshe bendabuko obunemisebenzi engama-28. Lihlanzekile, liyanginika amandla, “lithule” (清幽带兰花香). Etiyeni elisha, elincane — kunenothi eyengeziwe yohlaza olusanda kusikwa (清香). Iphunga licashile, alinangwa — “liyantanta”, hhayi “lifaka ngamandla emakhaleni”.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha (鲜爽), okunoshukela-mnene (甘醇). Ukubabayo okuncane, okuguquka ngokushesha kube ubumnandi obuqhubekayo (微涩速化). Umzimba — ophakathi, “osilika”, osongela. I-aftertaste — inde, inothi yobumnandi be-orchid. Izinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid (≥3,92%) liqinisekisa “ujusi” ovelele (鲜味).
Umbala womphunga: Umhlophe, obalele, oluphuzi-oluhlaza (明净清澈, 黄绿透亮). I-thinti “yezinyosi” elula ebangeni eliphezulu.
Iphansi letiya (iqabunga eligxishiwe): Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, olungafani. Amahlumela — aphelele, “aphilayo” (芽尖鲜活), anoboya obugcinwe kahle. Lapho kugxishwa engilazini “izinaliti” ziphakeme zime — umphumela oncomekayo wokubuka (芽叶竖立).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenols: 33,83–42,84% (ngokusho kweGuangdong Tea Research Institute, 1996; kuya ngebanga nendlela yokulinganisa — isampula elomile / isampula elisha). Lokhu kungenye yezibalo eziphakeme kakhulu kumatiya aluhlaza ase-China, okuqhathaniswa namanye amatiya amakhulu amaqabunga ase-Yunnan. Okuqukethwe yi-EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) — kufika ku-141 mg/g — okuphawuleka kakhulu komsebenzi we-antioxidant.
Ama-Amino acid: 3,68–3,92% — ngaphezulu kakhulu kunesilinganiso samatiya aluhlaza (inani elijwayelekile ~2%). I-L-theanine — iyi-amino acid eyinhloko, eqinisekisa ukunambitheka okusha, okunoshukela kanye nomthelela wokuphumula.
I-Caffeine: 4,66–5,5% — okuqukethwe okukhuphukile, okuvamile ezinhlotsheni ezinamahlamvu amakhulu. Kuqinisekisa umthelela ogcizelelayo wokuvuselela.
Izinto ezikhishwa ngamanzi: ≥45,03% — “ukugcwala” okuphezulu komphunga.
Amafutha abalulekile (醚浸出物): 2,78% — okuqukethwe okuphezulu, okuyisisekelo sephunga le-orchid.
I-Selenium (Se): 0,15–0,35 mg/kg — evela enhlabathini ye-selenium yendawo yase-Dānxiá. Ukucebiswa kwemvelo ngaphandle kwezithasiselo ezenziwayo.
Amavithamini: C (ascorbic acid), ama-B (B₁, B₂), ama-carotenoid.
Amaminerali: K (potassium), Mg (magnesium), Zn (zinc), F (fluorine), Mn (manganese).

8. Izakhiwo ezinempilo:

Umphumela onamandla we-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenols afika ku-42,84% anokuqukethwe okuphawuleka kakhulu kwe-EGCG (141 mg/g) — enye yezindawo ezinamandla kakhulu ze-antioxidant zemvelo. Ivalela ama-radicals akhululekile, inciphise izinqubo zokuguga kwamangqamuzana.
Umphumela wokuvuselela: I-caffeine (4,66–5,5%) ihlanganiswe ne-L-theanine inikeza ukuqabula okuthambile, okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuphakama okukhulu nokuwa — okubizwa ngokuthi “amandla acwebile”.
Ukuxhaswa kwezinto eziyisisekelo: I-selenium yemvelo (0,15–0,35 mg/kg) — i-elementi ebalulekile yokusebenza kwendlala yegilo kanye namandla omzimba. I-zinc isekela ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu namandla omzimba.
Ukuxhaswa kwe-lipid metabolism: Ama-catechin, ikakhulukazi i-EGCG, anomthelela ekulawuleni izinga le-cholesterol nasekugcineni imetabolism yamafutha enempilo.
Ukuxhaswa kokugaya ukudla: Ama-polyphenols akhuthaza ukuhamba kwamathumbu, kuyilapho i-caffeine ikhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwejusi lesisu, okusiza ukugaya ngemva kokudla okunamafutha.
Ukuvikela umlomo: I-fluorine iqinisa i-enamel yamazinyo, kanti ama-polyphenols anomphumela wokulwa namagciwane, acindezela amagciwane abangela ukuqothuka kwamazinyo.
Ukuxhaswa kwengqondo: I-L-theanine ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-α-brain waves, ithuthukise ukugxilisa ingqondo nekhono lokufunda, kuyilapho inciphisa ukukhathazeka.
Ukuxhaswa kwesistimu yemithambo yegazi: Ama-catechin anomthelela ekuguquguqukeni kwemithambo yegazi nokulawula umfutho wegazi.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90°C. Akukho ngaphezu kuka-90°C — ukushisa ngokweqile kubhubhisa ukukhala kwe-orchid futhi kulimaze uboya obuthambile, kwenze umphunga ube namafu.
Inani letiya: 3 g nge-150 ml (isilinganiso 1:50).
Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi (kunconywa uma kungcono kakhulu ibanga — ukubuka “izinaliti ezime mpo”, 芽叶竖立, — enye yezinjabulo zobuhle) noma i-gaiwan emhlophe yobumba (盖碗). Ayinconywa i-Yixing clay — imunca iphunga le-orchid elintekenteke.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa izitsha ngamanzi abilayo, khiphe amanzi.
2. Thela itiya.
3. Indlela yengilazi: Thela amanzi ngo-85–90°C, ugxumeke imizuzu engu-2–3. Buka “izinaliti” zime mpo, — “ihlathi lesiliva” elincane. Thela amanzi lapho sekuphuziwe u-2/3 wengilazi. Kumelana nokutheleka kwangama-3–4.
4. Indlela ye-gaiwan: Gezisa — imizuzwana engu-5, khiphe. Ukutheleka kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-20. Ukutheleka okulandelayo — +10 imizuzwana. Kumelana nokutheleka kwangama-4–5.
Amanzi: Kunconywa amanzi athambile amaminerali noma ahlungiwe ane-TDS engu-50–150 mg/L.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Iziqukathi: Ukupakishwa okugqinsiwe — izikhwama zokunganisa umoya noma izigubhu ezinamabhodlela amabili. I-aluminium foil ngaphakathi — ukuvikela okwengeziwe ekukhanyeni nasemswakameni.
Izinga lokushisa: Ifriji, 0–5°C — kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe iphunga le-orchid.
Isikhathi: Itiya elisha — “ukuphumula” (退火, tuìhuǒ) izinsuku ezingu-7–15 ngemva kokukhiqizwa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Ngemva kokuvulwa kwephakeji eligqinsiwe — kufanele lisetshenziswe phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-10 (.). Iphunga le-orchid liyaphelelwa ngokushesha futhi lonakaliswa ngokuthintana nomoya ngokushesha kunamanye amatiya amaningi aluhlaza.
Izitha letiya: Umswakama (>60%), iphunga elingaziwa, ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo, izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-10°C. Akugcinwa eduze nokudla okunephunga elinamandla.

11. Intengo nokukhwabanisa:

Isigaba sentengo:
- Ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu (特级, Yín Háo / Báimáo Jiān): kusuka ku-800 yuan nge-500 g (~7200 руб.).
- Ibanga lokuqala (一级, Báimáochá): 300–600 yuan nge-500 g.
- Ibanga lesibili (二级, Wūzǐ Báimáo): 100–300 yuan nge-500 g.
Izici ezithinta intengo: Ibanga lezinto ezingavuthiwe (ihlumela vs. iqabunga), ukuphakama kwendawo yokutshala (ukhalo lwaseHuánglǐngzhàng — lubiza kakhulu), ukuvunwa ngesandla vs. ngomshini, idethi yokuvuna (ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng — kuyiprimiyamu).
Ungagwema kanjani izikhwabaniso:
- Iphunga le-orchid — akunakulingiswa. I-Rénhuà Yín Háo yangempela inephunga lezimbali elihlanzekile neliyanginika amandla, hhayi inothi “ye-perfume”.
- Isimo — “izinaliti” eziqondile, ezicijile ezinobude obuyi-1,5–2,5 cm ezinoboya besiliva obuningi. Izikhwabaniso — zigoqiwe, azifani, zinoboya obuncane.
- Umphunga — uhlanzekile, obalele, ophuzi-oluhlaza. Umphunga ofile noma omnyama — wuphawu lomgunyathi noma itiya elidala.
- Ukumelana nokuphisa — itiya langempela limelana nokutheleka okungu-4–5. Umgunyathi “uhoxa” ngemva kwe-2.
- Intengo — intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo (ngaphansi kuka-100 yuan nge-500 g “yezinga eliphezulu”) — cishe iyisiqiniseko somgunyathi.

12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:

I-UNESCO kanye netiya. Izinkambu zetiye zaseRénhuà zitholakala ebhande lamafu leNtaba iDānxiáshān — indawo eyiNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ye-UNESCO (2010) kanye ne-geopark yokuqala emhlabeni ye-UNESCO (2004). Uhlobo lwendlela yokubukeka komhlaba i-“Danxia” — enye yezindlela zomhlaba eziqashelwa umphakathi wamazwe jikelele we-geologists — oqanjwe ncamashi ngenxa yale ntaba ese-Rénhuà.
“Ingcebo ezintathu zaseRénhuà”. I-Báimáochá, ama-orchid namakhowe i-xiānggū — “仁化三宝”. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iphunga le-orchid letiya lihambisana “nengcebo” yokuqala — ama-orchid aphilayo amila emagqumeni afanayo ase-Dānxiáshān. Lokhu akuyona into evela ngengozi: amafutha abalulekile enza iphunga le-orchid letiya ngokwengxenye angaleli lifana neqembu lamakhemikhali afanayo (i-linalool, i-geraniol) njengezinto ezinuka kamnandi zama-orchid.
Imisebenzi engu-28, insimbi eyi-zero. Yonke inqubo — kusukela ekuvunweni kuya ekomeni kokugcina — yenziwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi kagoqane nawokhuni kuphela. Insimbi ayifakwanga ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala okuphazamisayo: izinhlayiya ze-iron ne-copper ngisho noma zizincane zisheshisa ukubhujiswa kwama-polyphenols kanye namafutha abalulekile, zibhubhise ukukhala kwe-orchid okubuthakathaka.
Umkhiqizo oluhlaza wemidlalo yase-Asia. Ngo-1990, i-Rénhuà Yín Háo yaba omunye wemikhiqizo esemthethweni “eluhlaza” ye-Asia Games ye-11 e-Beijing — umcimbi wokuqala omkhulu wamazwe ngamazwe owabanjelwa e-PRC. Lesi sikhundla saqinisekisa ukuthi itiya laziwa emhlabeni wonke ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokuhweba nge-inthanethi.
Ama-polyphenols aqopha irekhodi. Okuqukethwe ama-polyphenols afika ku-42,84% (ngokwesivivinyo esiqinisekisiwe) — okungenye yezibalo eziphakeme kakhulu kumatiya aluhlaza emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ama-amino acid (3,68–3,92%) aqinisekisa ukuthamba, okungajwayelekile kumatiya ane-polyphenol eningi kangaka. Lokhu kuhlangana okuyivelakancane — kungumphumela we-cultivar eyodwa ethi var. pubilimba kanye nomhlaba ophilayo wase-Dānxiá.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiya aluhlaza:

Nánshān Báimáochá (南山白毛茶, Nánshān Bái Máo Chá) — itiya eliluhlaza elinoboya obumhlophe elivela esifundeni saseHéngxiàn (横县), eGuangxi. Elesibili “phakathi kwamatiya amathathu amakhulu anoboya obumhlophe e-China”. Iphunga — ele-lotus yemvelo (荷花香), ngokungafani nelokwe-orchid kwe-Rénhuà. Uhlobo lwesihlahla, olunamahlamvu aphakathi — umzimba womphunga ulula. Yathola indondo yesiliva ye-Panama–Pacific International Exposition ngo-1915.
Lèchāng Báimáochá (乐昌白毛茶, Lèchāng Bái Máo Chá) — itiya elinoboya obumhlophe elivela esifundeni esingumakhelwane i-Lèchāng (乐昌), futhi e-Sháoguān, e-Guangdong. Elesithathu “phakathi kwamatiya amathathu anoboya obumhlophe”. I-cultivar efanayo, kodwa umhlaba ophilayo uhlukile — ukuphakama okuphansi, inkungu encane. Iphunga — licashile, ngaphandle kokukhala okucacile kwe-orchid.
Xìnyáng Máo Jiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máo Jiān) — itiya eliluhlaza elinebunwele obuningi elivela e-Henan. Uhlobo lwesihlahla esincane samaqabunga — inkambiso yokunambitheka ehluke ngokuphelele: enokubabayo okwengeziwe, nephunga le-chestnut, ngaphandle kwamanothi ezimbali. Ubuchwepheshe — ukugazinga ebhodweni (炒青), hhayi ukomiswa ngomoya oshisayo.
Jūnshān Yínzhēn (君山银针, Jūnshān Yínzhēn) — “Inaliti Yesiliva” edumile evela eDongting Lake, eHunan. Ngokusemthethweni — itiya eliphuzi (黄茶), akulona oluhlaza. Isimo esifanayo senaliti, uboya obuningi — kodwa ukunambitheka kuhluke ngokuphelele: “okuyindilinga” ngokwengeziwe, okunoshukela we-nut futhi ngaphandle kokukhala kwe-orchid.
Báiháo Yínzhēn (白毫银针, Báiháo Yínzhēn) — “Izinaliti Ezisiliva” ezivela e-Fujian — itiya elimhlophe, akulona oluhlaza. Ukubukeka okufanayo (uboya obuningi, isimo senaliti), kodwa ubuchwepheshe obuhluke ngokuphelele (ukubuna, ngaphandle “kokubulala okuluhlaza”). Ukunambitheka — okuthambile, “okobisi”, ngaphandle kwenothi eluhlaza elisha.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Rénhuà Yín Háo — itiya elinomphefumulo we-orchid nomzimba wesiliva, elizalwe emafini eNtaba iDānxiáshān — indawo eyiNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ye-UNESCO. Ubuchwepheshe bayo obunemisebenzi engu-28, obenza ngamathuluzi kagoqane kuphela ngaphandle kokuthinta insimbi, akuyona into yakudala, kodwa ukukhetha okunengqondo: iphunga le-orchid libuthakathaka kangangokuba noma yikuphi ukugqwala okuphazamisayo kuyalibhubhisa. Enkomishini — ukusha okuhlanzekile okunomzila wezimbali, ubumnandi obuthambile kanye nomphunga ocwebile, lapho “izinaliti” ezisiliva zime mpo, zifana nehlathi lomhlanga elincane. Eyokuqala phakathi kwamatiya anoboya obumhlophe e-China, unikelwa enkantolo yobukhosi ngesikhathi sombuso wakwa-Qing, “umkhiqizo oluhlaza” wemidlalo yase-Beijing Asian — i-Rénhuà Yín Háo ihlanganisa umlando wamakhulu amahlanu eminyaka kanye nephunga eliphilayo nelinokuthukeza elinyamalala phakathi kwezinsuku eziyishumi ngemva kokuvulwa kwephakeji. Itiya lalabo abazisisayo ubuncane nokudlula kwesikhashana — futhi abakwaziyo ukuphuza itiya ngenkathi “lisaphefumula”.