qúntǐ zhǒng

Kumatiye aphuzi (huángchá, 黄茶), uhlobo lwesihlahla alugcini luthathwa njengetsheketsha elinqala. Iningi lamatiye aphuzi akudala avamile avunwa emiphakathini yendawo — qúntǐ zhǒng (群体种), — futhi isimilo sesiselo sinqunywa hhayi yizimpawu zohlobo lwesihlahla ezisemthethweni, kodwa yisinyathelo sokuvuthwa mèn huáng (闷黄) kanye nokuhlanganiswa nesifunda esithile.

Kuyini 群体种 futhi kungani kubaluleke kangaka etiyeni eliphuzi

Igama elithi qúntǐ zhǒng (群体种) alisho uhlobo olukhethiwe oluzalana ngezimbaxa, kodwa lisho umphakathi osewuhlale isikhathi eside ukhula ngenzalo yembewu — iqoqo lezihlahla ezihlukene ngokofuzo, ezandiswa ngembewu futhi zakhethwa izizukulwane zabalimi bendawo ukuze zivumelane nendawo ethile. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezizalanisa ngezimbaxa ezifanayo, umphakathi onjalo awufani ngokuphelele: eduze komunye nomunye kunezitshalo ezinamahlamvu amise okuhlukile, izikhathi zokuhluma kwemikhonzo, kanye noboya bamacembe. Lokhu kukhiqiza okuyisisekelo okujwayelekile — okunobujule bokunambitheka obuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile nendawo.

Kumatiye aphuzi, lokhu kuncika ezinhlobonhlobo zendawo okuyizitshalo zakudala akukona ukuzenzekela nje. Ngokungafani netiye eliluhlaza, lapho uhlobo lwesihlahla kanye nokuvuna kusenesikhathi kuvame ukuza kuqala, kuma-huángchá isinyathelo esinqumayo isigaba sohlelo lokukhiqiza — mèn huáng (闷黄), ‘ukuvuthwa okumaphuzi’. Yilokhu kuvutshelwa okuncane okungasetshenziswanga zicubu okwenzeka ngaphansi kokushisa nokufuma okuvela eqabungeni ngokwalo okuthambisa ubukhali obuluhlaza, okuguqula iqabunga nokungena kwamanzi kube into ephuzi njengegolide futhi kwakhe isimilo sokunambitheka esithambile, ‘esifudunyeziwe’. Ngakho-ke, okuyisisekelo okuvela emphakathini wendawo kanye nokwenziwa ko-mèn huáng ngendlela efanele kubaluleke kakhulu kunegama lohlobo ‘elihamba phambili’.

Lokhu kuholela esiphethweni esiwusizo kumqoqi nakumhlaziyi wokunambitha: amatiye aphuzi kufaneleka kakhudlwana ukuthi ahlukaniswe ngesifunda nesitayela somkhiqizo, bese uhlobo lwesihlahla luthathwa ‘njengekheli’ lesifunda, hhayi njengophawu oluzimele.

Imephu yemiphakathi: izinhlobonhlobo eziyisisekelo ezinhlanu zendawo

君山种 — jūnshān zhǒng (isiQhingi saseJunshan, eHunan)

Umphakathi wendawo wasesiQhingini saseJunshan (君山) esifundeni saseYueyang (岳阳, esifundazweni saseHunan) uwuhlobo lwesihlahla esincane esinamahlamvu aphakathi nendawo namancane (灌木/中小叶). Isici sawo esiyinhloko imikhonzo enobuningi obumbejemebeje: yile nto esetshenziswa ukwenza i-jūnshān yínzhēn (君山银针, ‘izinaliti zesiliva zaseJunshan’) edumile, okungelinye lamatiye aphuzi abonakala lula. Umkhonzo onoboya obumbejemebeje, ombozwe ngokuminyene — yiwona ophawu oluphambili lwalo mphakathi futhi kuyimbangela yokubukeka ‘kwesiliva’ kwezinaliti eseziphelile.

蒙山群体种 — méngshān qúntǐ zhǒng (intaba iMengding, eSichuan)

Umphakathi wakudala wentaba iMeng (蒙山 / 蒙顶山, esifundazweni saseSichuan) nawo ungesihlahla esincane esinamahlamvu aphakathi nendawo namancane. Indima yawo ekhethekile iwukuthi kusetshenziswa okufanayo ukwenza imikhiqizo emibili ehlukene: itiye eliluhlaza i-méngdǐng gānlù (蒙顶甘露) netiye eliphuzi i-méngdǐng huángyá (蒙顶黄芽). Lesi yisibonelo esibonakalayo sokuthi umphakathi owodwa uguqulwa kanjani ube itiye eliluhlaza noma eliphuzi kuye ngohlelo lokukhiqiza: uma kwengezwa isinyathelo so-mèn huáng — sithola itiye eliphuzi ‘umkhonzo osagolide’ huángyá; uma kweqiwa — kuhlala itiye eliluhlaza ‘amazolo amnandi’ gānlù. Kunzima ukucabanga ubufakazi obungcono bomusho othi ‘okunqumayo akulona uhlobo lwesihlahla, kodwa yisinyathelo’.

霍山金鸡种 — huòshān jīnjī zhǒng (eHuoshan, e-Anhui)

Uhlobo lwendawo lwamakhaza aseDabie (大别山) — umphakathi waseJinji esifundeni saseHuoshan (霍山, esifundazweni sase-Anhui). Uhlobo lwesihlahla esincane esinamahlamvu aphakathi nendawo namancane, oluveza ukwakheka komkhonzo neqabunga okuthiwa ‘ulimi lomdlwembe’ (quèshé, 雀舌). Lolu hlobo lusekela izitayela zesifunda ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa: itiye elimahhadlahhadla le-huòshān huángyá (霍山黄芽) neqabunga ‘elikhulu’, elimahbadlahbadla le-huáng dàchá (黄大茶). Okusho ukuthi umphakathi owodwa usekela kokubili itiye elisezingeni eliphezulu lemikhonzo kanye netiye lesintu lamaqabunga amakhulu.

莫干群体种 — mògàn qúntǐ zhǒng (eMoganshan, eZhejiang)

Umphakathi wendawo wasentabeni iMogan (莫干山) esifundeni saseDeqing (德清, esifundazweni saseZhejiang) uwuhlobo lwesihlahla esincane esinamahlamvu aphakathi nendawo namancane. Lokhu kuyisisekelo se-mògàn huángyá (莫干黄芽), itiye eliphuzi ngokuqhathaniswa elincane ngokwesiko laseZhejiang. Lapha, njengakwezinye izimo, indawo yegama ihambisana nendawo yomphakathi: itiye liqanjwe ngentaba lapho kukhiwa kuyo iqabunga.

广东大叶种 — guǎngdōng dàyè zhǒng (eGuangdong)

Okuhlukile kuyisisekelo saseningizimu samaqabunga amakhulu — guǎngdōng dàyè zhǒng (广东大叶种). Lokhu akusona isihlahla esincane, kodwa isihlahla esisincane (小乔木) esinamahlamvu amakhulu (大叶). Yikho kanye okuyisisekelo se-dàyè qīng (大叶青) — ‘iqabunga elikhulu eliluhlaza’ laseGuangdong, ngokohlelo lokukhiqiza elingaphansi kwamatiye aphuzi amaqabunga amakhulu (黄大茶). Umehluko nemiphakathi yasenyakatho yezihlahla ezincane l lapha umkhulu kakhulu: kokubili ukwakheka kwesitshalo, ubukhulu beqabunga, kanye nesitayela somkhiqizo kuhluke kakhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe: kungani 闷黄 kubaluleke ukudlula ipasipoti

Okuhlanganisa wonke amakheli amahlanu yisona sigaba senqubo esisodwa — mèn huáng (闷黄). Ngemva kokuqiniswa kwemifino yohlaza, iqabunga alimisiwe ngokuqondile kwaze kwafinyelela esimweni esiluhlaza, kodwa liyashiywa ngaphansi kokushisa nokufuma kwalo uqobo — lisongwe, limbozwe ngendwangu noma lifakwe inqwaba. Kule ndawo ethambile, engenazicubu, kwenzeka uguquko oluncane olungahileli i-enzayimu kanye noluqukethe i-enzayimu ngezinga elithile, olwenza okulandelayo:

• lususe iphunga ‘lotshani’ eliluhlaza nobukhali;
• luguqulele umbala weqabunga nokungena kwamanzi kube yinto ephuzi njengegolide;
• lwenze ukunambitheka kube yindilinga ngokwengeziwe, ‘kufudumele’, futhi kuthambe.

Ubude besikhathi nendlela yokwenza i-mèn huáng yikho okuyindlela yengcweti yokunquma isimilo setiye: kusukela ekuphuzini okungakabonakali kahle ematiyeni emikhonzo afana ne-jūnshān yínzhēn ne-méngdǐng huángyá kuya esimweni esigqamile, ‘esishile’, esimnyama ngokwengeziwe samaqabunga amakhulu e-huáng dàchá ne-dàyè qīng. Uhlobo lwesihlahla lunikela ngesisekelo, kodwa yilokhu kuvuthwa okuyikho okuguqula kube itiye eliphuzi.

Ukufakwa emazingeni kanye ‘nobekheli’

Itiye eliphuzi ohlelweni lwamaShayina lokuhlukanisa ngezigaba limi njengesigaba esihlukile esinemikhiqizo yaso yesifunda neyezinhlobo. Ezingeni lesisekelo, isici esibalulekile asiyona ipasipoti yohlobo lokuzalana ngezimbaxa, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa ‘kwesifunda + isitayela somkhiqizo’: i-jūnshān yínzhēn njengetiye lomkhonzo eliphuzi laseHunan, i-méngdǐng huángyá laseSichuan, i-huòshān huángyá ne-huáng dàchá zase-Anhui, i-mògàn huángyá yaseZhejiang, i-dàyè qīng yaseGuangdong. Lokhu ‘kubhekelwa kwekheli’ kuyinkomba esebenzayo: ubuqiniso betiye eliphuzi buhlolwa ngokuyinhloko ngokuhambisana nesifunda, uhlobo lwesisekelo (umkhonzo / iqabunga) kanye nokuba khona ko-mèn huáng owenziwe ngendlela efanele.

Ungahlukanisa kanjani ngokwenziwayo

• Ngokwakheka kwesisekelo. Umkhonzo owodwa ohlangene onoboya obumbejemebeje — yisandla so-jūnshān zhǒng namatiye emikhonzo (yínzhēn, huángyá). Ukwakheka ‘kolimi lomdlwembe’ (quèshé) kukhomba emgqeni waseHuoshan. Iqabunga elikhulu, elimahbadlahbadla — lokhu kuyi-huáng dàchá / i-dàyè qīng vele.
• Ngokwakheka kwesihlahla sokuqala. Amatiye aphuzi asenyakatho ayimiphakathi yezihlahla ezincane enamahlamvu aphakathi nendawo namancane (灌木/中小叶). I-dàyè qīng yaseGuangdong ime esihlahleni esincane esinamahlamvu amakhulu (小乔木/大叶) — yingakho ubukhulu nokuthungwa kweqabunga etiyeni elomile kuhlukile.
• Ngombala nokunambitheka. Iqabunga elomile eliphuzi njengegolide nokungena kwamanzi kwayo, ukunambitheka okuthambile ‘okufudumele’ okungenabo ubukhali obuluhlaza — kuwuphawu lwe-mèn huáng olwenzeke ngempumelelo. Isimo esiluhlaza ngokuphelele, esinotshani sibonisa uhlelo oluluhlaza kunalokho (njenge-gānlù uma iqhathaniswa ne-huángyá emsebenzini ofanayo wezinto zaseMengshan).
• Ngokomqondo othi ‘isifunda = igama’. Igama lentaba noma lendawo egameni (iJunshan, iMengding, iHuoshan, iMogan) ngokuvamile liyafana nomphakathi wendawo — lokhu kuwukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo komsuka.

Isiphetho

Itiye eliphuzi liyisigameko esingajwayelekile lapho ‘uhlobo lwesihlahla’ lunikela indawo yalo kuhlelo lokukhiqiza nendawo. Emikhiqizweni yakudala uma kucatshangwa akuzona izinhlobo ezilandelanayo ezidumile, kodwa imiphakathi emidala yenzalo yembewu — qúntǐ zhǒng, ekhulele ezintabeni ezithile zaseHunan, eSichuan, e-Anhui, eZhejiang kanye naseningizimu enamahlamvu amakhulu yaseGuangdong. Badala isisekelo esiyingqayizivele, kodwa ukukuguqula kube itiye eliphuzi kungukuvuthwa mèn huáng. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlaziya itiye eliphuzi, qala hhayi ngohlobo lwesihlahla, kodwa ngenhlanganisela ethi ‘isifunda + isinyathelo’.