Qīngliángshān chá

Qīngliángshān chá (清凉山茶, Qīngliángshān chá) iyitiye eliluhlaza laseShayina elisesigabeni hōngqīng (烘青, hōngqīng, ukomisa ngomoya oshisayo), elikhiqizwa ezintabeni zaseQīngliángshān esifundeni saseMéijiāng edolobheni laseMéizhōu esifundazweni saseGuǎngdōng. Leli tiye likleliswa endaweni yokuqala phakathi kwamatiye ayisishiyagalolunye adumile aseMéizhōu ngokomlando (梅州九大历史名茶) futhi kusukela ngo-2018 livikelwe njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (农产品地理标志) yi-Ministry of Agriculture ye-People’s Republic of China.

1. Izigaba kanye Nendabuko:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavuthisiwe. Ngokwendlela yokususwa kwamanzi, lingaphansi kwesigaba se-hōngqīng lǜchá (烘青绿茶, hōngqīng lǜchá) — itiye eliluhlaza elomiswe ngomoya oshisayo, elinezici zokugazingwa ngesikhathi se-shāqīng.
• Isigaba: Amatiye adumile ngokomlando esifunda saseMéizhōu; amatiye aluhlaza esifunda saseShayina anophawu lwendawo. Liyingxenye yesiko ‘lamatiye aluhlaza agazingiwe esihlahleni’ (客家炒绿, Kèjiā chǎolǜ).
• Indabuko: IShayina, isifundazwe saseGuǎngdōng (广东省, Guǎngdōng Shěng), idolobha i-Méizhōu (梅州市, Méizhōu Shì), isifunda i-Méijiāng (梅江区, Méijiāng Qū). Izindawo ezikhiqiza kakhulu yizingxenye zase-Xīyáng (西阳镇, Xīyáng Zhèn) nase-Chángshā (长沙镇, Chángshā Zhèn), ezihlanganisa izigodi ezingu-33 zokuphatha.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: 24°06′40″–24°21′29″ uL, 116°04′12″–116°20′11″ uM.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Ngokwesiko:

• Umlando: Ukutshalwa kwetiye ezintabeni zaseQīngliángshān kusukela esikhathini se-Míng (明朝, Míng Cháo), okudlula iminyaka engaphezu kuka-400–500. Ubufakazi obuqavile butholakala ‘Emibhalweni Yesifunda SaseJiāyìngzhōu’ (《嘉应州志》, Jiāyìng Zhōu Zhì) yesikhathi sokubusa kukaGuāngxù (光绪, Guāngxù) woBukhosi be-Qīng, lapho kuthiwa: ‘Izintaba zesifunda ziphakeme futhi amatshe asobala, yingakho lapha kuvela itiye elihle kakhulu; elingcono kakhulu liphuma ezintabeni i-Qīngliáng, i-Yīnnà ne-Sāntái — ukunambitheka kwalo kuhlanzekile futhi kusha, kufana neLóngjǐng.’ Kukhona futhi inkondlo yetiye yesikhathi se-Qīng: ‘Ngenyanga yesithathu e-Jiāyìng — yisikhathi setiye lasentwasahlobo; kudabukisa ukuthi isikhathi sokuvuna sihlangabezana nathi kude nekhaya; kodwa ngokomcabango ngingena ezindlini zesigodlo — inkomishi yamanzi amasha amunca umbala wamafu.’ Ngo-1860, ngemva kokuvulwa kwetheku lase-Shàntóu (汕头开埠, Shàntóu kāibù), itiye laseQīngliángshān laqala ukuthekeliswa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ngo-1925, isitolo setiye i-‘Sūxìnjì’ (苏信记) saqala ukuhweba kabanzi ngaleli tiye ngophawu. Ngo-1973, kwasungulwa ipulazi likahulumeni laseQīngliángshān (国营清凉山茶场), okwanikeza umfutho ekukhiqizweni okukhulu. Ngo-2014, ubuchwepheshe bendabuko bokukhiqiza itiye laseQīngliángshān bangeniswa ohlwini lwamagugu angewona abambekayo elidolobha laseMéizhōu (梅州市非物质文化遗产). Ngo-2018, itiye lathola isimo somkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (inombolo yesitifiketi AGI02339). Ngo-2020, langenisa kuhlu lokuqala lukazwelonke lwemikhiqizo yezolimo edumile, ekhethekile, engcono kakhulu futhi entsha (全国名特优新农产品名录).

• Igama: Qīngliángshān (清凉山) — ngokwezwi nezwi ‘Intaba Epholile’ (清 qīng — ehlanzekile, epholile; 凉 liáng — epholile; 山 shān — intaba). Igama libonisa isimo sezulu sasentabeni esinamafu unyaka wonke nomoya opholile wasentabeni. Chá (茶, chá) — itiye. Ngakho-ke, igama eliphelele lisho ‘itiye elisuka entabeni i-Qīngliáng’.

• Ukubaluleka ngokwesiko: Qīngliángshān chá lixhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nesiko lama-Hakka (客家, Kèjiā) — iqembu elincane lamaShayina, eliyinhloko yabantu baseMéizhōu. IMéizhōu inesiqu esihloniphekile esithi ‘Ikhaya Letiye Leminyaka Eyinkulungwane’ (千年茶乡) futhi ithathwa njengenye yezikhungo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza itiye eliluhlaza eGuǎngdōng — ngo-2017 indawo yamasimu etiye edolobheni idlule ama-mu angu-200 000 (angaphezu kwamahektha angu-13 300), okwakuyingxenye yesine yazo zonke izingadi zetiye esifundazweni. Itiye liwuphawu olukhulu lomzana waseQīngliángcūn (清凉村), lapho imindeni engaphezu kuka-90% yenza umsebenzi wetiye. Indawo yaseQīngliángshān ithole ngokulandelana iziqu ezithi ‘Omunye Wemizana Yetiye Eyishumi Ephezulu YaseGuǎngdōng’ (广东十大茶乡) kanye ‘Nenye Yezintaba Eziyishumi Zetiye ZaseMéizhōu’ (梅州十大茶山). Itiye lidlala indima ebalulekile esikweni lamaHakka lokwamukela izivakashi nasemicikilishweni yobumbano lomphakathi. Ngo-2017 indawo yezingadi zetiye endaweni enophawu lwendawo yayicishe ibe ngamahektha angu-1200 nomthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza ongaba amathani angu-1106, kanti ngo-2018 emzaneni waseQīngliángcūn kuphela amasimu afinyelela ku-6000 mu (amahektha angu-400) okukhipha cishe ama-jīn angu-100 000 (amathani angu-50) etiye elilungele ukusetshenziswa.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:

• Uhlobo / I-cultivar: I-cultivar eyinhloko iyinhlobo yasendaweni enamaqabunga amancane yabantu abaningi (本地小叶群体种, běndì xiǎoyè qúntǐ zhǒng), eyaziwa ngokwezwi elivamile ngokuthi ‘ulimi lwenyoni’ (鸟舌茶, niǎoshé chá). Iwuhlobo lwesihlahla (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis), isigaba samaqabunga amancane, esinokumelana okuphakeme nengqele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengezinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe kutshalwa i-Huángdān (黄旦, Huángdān), i-Shuǐxiān (水仙, Shuǐxiān), i-Jīnxuān (金萱, Jīnxuān), i-Qílán (奇兰, Qílán) ne-Méizhàn (梅占, Méizhàn), ezisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza itiye eliluhlaza elinephunga lezimbali.

• Ukuvuna: Ukuvunwa okuyinhloko kwenzeka entwasahlobo. Ngokwesikhathi sokuvuna kuhlukaniswa izinkathi ezine:

  • Tóuchūnchá (头春茶) — itiye lokuqala lasentwasahlobo, livunwa ngaphambi kwe-Gǔyǔ (谷雨, 20 Ephreli), indinganiso yokuvuna: ihlumela elilodwa noma ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa, okunikeza itiye lezinga eliphezulu kakhulu;
  • Èrchūnchá (二春茶) — ukuvunwa kwesibili kwasentwasahlobo ngaphambi kwe-Lìxià (立夏), ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili, okuyisisekelo setiye lezinga lokuqala;
  • Héhuāchá (禾花茶) — ukuvunwa kwasehlobo, iqabunga eliwugqinsi, elifanele itiye eliningi;
  • Xuěpiànchá (雪片茶) — ukuvunwa okuphuzayo ekwindla, okunephunga lemvelo lezimbali, luphawuleka ngesilinganiso esiphezulu senani ngokwezinga.

• Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Impahla eluhlaza encane efanayo ngaphandle kwamaqabunga amaholo, enephunga elihlanzekile, ngaphandle kwephunga elingaqondakali.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:

• Isimo sezulu nendawo: Indawo isenkabeni yohlelo lwezintaba lwe-Liánhuāshān (莲花山系), ibonakala ngendawo eyinkimbinkimbi — izinhlangothi ezintathu zizungezwe izintaba, olunye lubheke emfuleni. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-21,2 °C, isilinganiso semvula sonyaka siyi-1479,9 mm. Umehluko wokushisa phakathi kosuku nentsasa udlula u-10 °C, futhi izinsuku ezinamafu zingaphezu kuka-180 ngonyaka. Ukukhanya okusakazekile kungaba ngama-70% wenani eliphelele lokukhanya, okucindezela ukunqwabelana kwama-catechin futhi kukhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa kwama-amino acid, kwakhe ubumnandi obuphawulekayo nokuthamba kwetiye.

• Ukuphakama lapho kukhuliswa khona: amamitha angu-800–898 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Isiqongo esiyinhloko iYángshànjí (扬扇岌) sifinyelela amamitha angu-898,2, kanti indawo yomhlaba edumile yasetiyeni i-Zǐshùào (梓树坳, Zǐshùào) isendaweni engamamitha angu-860.

• Umhlabathi: Wakheke ngenxa yokuguguleka kwamatshe e-granite ne-quartzite enkathi ye-yānshān. Kunabile umhlabathi ophuzi-obomvu (黄红壤, huánghóng rǎng), i-pH 4,5–6,5, onomthamo omkhulu we-organic matter. Isici esibalulekile iwukuba nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-selenium (0,018–0,066 mg/kg), okuphakeme ngokuphindwe kathathu kunamatiye aluhlaza avamile. Ukungcola kwezimboni akukho.

• Izici zokutshala: Izingadi zetiye zisendaweni enamafu (云雾带, yúnwù dài) endaweni engaphezu kwamamitha angu-800. Ukukhanya kwasentabeni okusakazekile kusiza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid nezinto ezinuka kamnandi. Indawo iye yaqashelwa njengendawo ehlanzekile ngokwemvelo engenakho ukungcola kwezimboni.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-Qīngliángshān chá buhlanganisa izici zokugazinga (炒青, chǎoqīng) nokomisa ngomoya oshisayo (烘青, hōngqīng), okuyisici esijwayelekile esikweni ‘lamatiye aluhlaza agazingiwe esihlahleni’ esifunda saseMéizhōu. Isici esihlukile siwukusebenzisa indlela ‘ye-shāqīng enzima’ (重杀青, zhòng shāqīng) — ukulungiswa okusheshayo ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

1. Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuvunwa ngesandla okukhethiwe, indinganiso — ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè).
2. Ukwethwa (摊晾, tānliàng): Ukwenaba endlini amahora angu-7–8 noma ukwethwa okufushane elangeni (日光晒, rìguāng shài) imizuzu engu-20 ukuze kulahleke umswakama wokuqala.
3. Ukumiswa ‘kokubulawa kokuluhlaza’ (杀青, shāqīng): Isigaba esibalulekile. Uma kwenziwa ngesandla izinga lokushisa le-wok lifinyelela ku-260 °C, uma kusetshenziswa umshini — ku-220 °C. Kusetshenziswa indlela ‘ye-shāqīng enzima’ — ukushisa okusheshayo nokunamandla ukuze kusebenze ngokuphelele ama-enzyme futhi kulondolozwe umbala ogqamile oluhlaza weqabunga.
4. Ukuphotha (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukubunjwa kweqabunga ngesandla kube yimichilo ephothiwe eqinile (条索, tiáosuǒ).
5. Ukomisa kokuqala (初烘, chū hōng): Ngezinga lokushisa elingu-110 °C ngomoya oshisayo.
6. Ukomisa okuphindiwe (复烘, fù hōng): Ngezinga lokushisa elingu-60 °C ukuze kuzinze okuqukethwe umswakama.
7. Ukuhlunga (筛选, shāixuǎn): Ukukhetha ngomshini noma ngesandla ngokwezigaba.
8. Ukushisa kokugcina (复火, fùhuǒ): Ngezinga lokushisa elingu-30 °C kuze kufinyelelwe umswakama wokugcina ozinzile.

Ukukhiqiza kwanamuhla kwethula ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga ngokukhanya (色选机, sèxuǎn jī), obukwazi ukucubungula amajīn angu-2000 (amakhilogremu angu-1000) ngehora futhi kukhulise umphumela wamatiye aphakeme ngo-30%.

6. Izici Zokuhlangenwe Nakho Kwezinzwa:

• Isimo seqabunga elomile ngaphandle: Imichilo ephothiwe eqinile negobile (条索紧结弯曲, tiáosuǒ jǐnjié wānqū), inombala ompunga-oluhlaza onesithwathwa esimhlophe esiphawulekayo (灰绿起霜, huīlǜ qǐshuāng), amaqabunga alinganayo ngosayizi.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga elikhanyayo nelihlala njalo lerayisi eligazingiwe (炒米香, chǎomǐ xiāng) — okuwuphawu lwale tiye, olwakheka ngesikhathi sokulungiswa ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ingaphansi — ubusha obuhlanzekile botshani.
• Iphunga lomcakiselo: Iphunga lerayisi elinothe ngamatoni aluhlaza ahlanzekile, livuleka ngamagagasi amaningana: ekuqaleni alibukhali futhi linamandla, kube sekuthamba futhi kube mnandi.
• Ukunambitheka: Kumnandi kancane futhi kuthambe (甘醇, gānchún), kusikhathi sinye kusha futhi kushelela (爽滑, shuǎnghuá). Ubumnandi bama-amino acid buhambisana kahle nokuqukethwe okulingene kwama-polyphenol, kwakha ukunambitheka okulinganiselayo ngaphandle kokubabayo okugqamile. ‘Ukubuya kobumnandi’ (回甘, huígān) okuphawulekayo nokuhlala isikhathi eside ngomuzwa wokuphola okukhethekile wasezintabeni eziphakeme (高山韵清凉感).
• Umbala womcakiselo: Uphuzi-oluhlaza, obala futhi okhanyayo (黄绿清澈, huánglǜ qīngchè).
• Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga elidliwe): Amaqabunga aphuzi-oluhlaza athambe anamahlumela aphelele, ambozwe uboya obusiliva.

7. IZakhi Zekhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Okuqukethwe empahleni eluhlaza yasentwasahlobo ≥ 18,3%. Okuwumsuka wazo ama-catechin — i-epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), i-epicatechin-gallate (ECG) namanye, ahlinzeka ngamandla e-antioxidant etiye.
• Ama-Amino Acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): ≥ 3,3% (kufinyelela ku-3,9% kumasampula asentwasahlobo angcono kakhulu), kuhlanganiswe ne-L-theanine — i-amino acid eyinhloko enesibopho sobumnandi ekunambitsekeni nomphumela wokupholisa. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kubangelwa ukukhanya okusakazekile kwezintaba.
• I-Water Extract (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchū wù): 38–42%, okubonisa indlela yokunambitha enothile.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — 3,3–3,5%, i-theobromine, i-theophylline. Okuqukethwe i-caffeine kuphakeme kancane kunakwitiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile.
• I-Selenium (硒, xī): 0,018–0,066 mg/kg — isici esiyingqayizivele, esihlobene ne-geochemistry yomhlabathi. I-organic selenium ikhulisa umsebenzi we-antioxidant wale tiye.
• Amavithamini: C (empahleni eluhlaza entsha), weqembu B, K.
• Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-manganese, i-zinc namanye ama-trace element.
• Amafutha abalulekile: Akha iphrofayili yephunga lerayisi namakinathi; ukwakheka kwawo kunqunywa yi-terroir kanye nohlaka lokulungiswa.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukuvikelwa okuthuthukisiwe kwe-antioxidant: Ukuhlangana kwama-catechin ne-organic selenium kunikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu ekunciphiseni ama-radical akhululekile — ngokwemininingwane etholakalayo, ngama-40% ngaphezulu kunakwamanye amatiye aluhlaza avamile.
• Umphumela wokuvuselela: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-caffeine (3,5%) kuhlangene ne-L-theanine kunikeza ugqozi oluthambile kodwa oluphawulekayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi nendawo, kuthuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo nokucabangisisa.
• Ukusekela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo: Ama-polyphenol etiye asiza ukwehlisa izinga lamafutha egazini, ecindezela umsebenzi wama-enzyme okuhlanganisa amafutha.
• Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya ukudla: Okuqukethwe okulingene kwezinto ezifana ne-tannin kuvuselela ukusebenza kwamathumbu lapho kuphuzwa emva kokudla.
• Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: Inhlanganisela yamavithamini, amaminerali nama-polyphenol isekela imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba. IVithamini C, ehlala etiyeni eliluhlaza ngenxa yokusebenza ngokucophelela, isiza ekuhlanganiseni i-collagen kanye nokuqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi.
• Ukusekela umetabolism: I-caffeine ihlangene nama-catechin isiza ekusheshiseni izinqubo zokushintshana, futhi ingasiza ekulawuleni isisindo somzimba uma iphuzwa njalo.
• Umthelela omuhle esimweni sesikhumba: Inhlanganisela ye-antioxidant, eqiniswe yi-organic selenium, isiza ukwehlisa ijubane lezinqubo zokuguga kwamaseli futhi isekele ithoni yesikhumba enempilo.

9. Indlela Yokudonswa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C (ngezinto ezithambile ikakhulukazi zezinga eliphezulu — 75 °C). Kunconywa ukuthi ubilise amanzi bese uwavumela aphole cishe imizuzu emi-3.
• Inani letiye: amagremu ama-3 kumamililitha angu-150 amanzi (isilinganiso 1:50).
• Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi (玻璃杯, bōli bēi) ikuvumela ukuthi ubone ‘umdanso wamacwecwe’ nokuvuleka kweqabunga; i-gaiwan yobumba omhlophe (白瓷盖碗, báicí gàiwǎn) — yokuqoqa iphunga.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fukamisa isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo.
  2. Thela itiye.
  3. Yenza ukugeza okusheshayo (温润泡, wēnrùn pào) — thela amanzi amancane bese uwathululela ngokushesha ukuze ‘uvuse’ iqabunga.
  4. Ithekisi lokuqala: thela amanzi, liyeke imizuzwana engama-30.
  5. Thela umcakiselo ezinkomishini.
  6. Amathekisi alandelayo: nweba isikhathi sokuyeka ngemizuzwana eyi-10 ngethekisi ngalinye.
  7. Itiye limelana namathekisi agcwele ama-3–4.

10. Ukugcina:

• Ukupakishwa okuvalwe ngokupheleleyo ukuze kuvikeleke emaphungeni angaphandle, ekukhanyeni nasemswakameni.
• Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokugcina: 0–5 °C (esiqandisini) ukuze kugcinwe ubusha isikhathi eside. Ngaphambi kokuvula iphakethe, itiye kufanele lifudumale lifinyelele ekushiseni kwegumbi selivaliwe — lokhu kuvimbela ukuhlangana kwamanzi.
• Ngemuva kokuvula, kunconywa ukuthi itiye lisetshenziswe phakathi nezinyanga ezi-3, ngoba ama-polyphenol aguga kancane, futhi iphunga lilahlekelwa ukukhanya kwalo.
• Izitha zetiye: umswakama, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, amaphunga angaphandle, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

11. Intengo Namanga:

• Isigaba sentengo: Intengo yehluka kakhulu kuye ngezinga nenkathi yokuvuna. Itiye lezinga eliphezulu (特级, tèjí) — elenziwe ngamahlumela ngokuphelele noma ngehlumela elineqabunga elilodwa, lasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo — libiza ngaphezu kwama-yuan angama-600 ngejīn (amagremu angama-500). Itiye lezinga lokuqala (一级, yī jí) — ama-yuan angama-200–400 ngejīn. Itiye eliningi (大宗茶, dàzōng chá) — lishibhe kakhulu, lisetshenziselwa itiye elisemaphaketheni nasemkhakheni wezindawo zokudlela.
• Izinto ezithinta intengo: Ukuphakama lapho kukhuliswa khona, inkathi yokuvuna (iwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ibiza kakhulu), ukusebenza ngesandla, izinga lempahla eluhlaza, ukuba khona kwesitifiketi sophawu lwendawo.
• Ungalugwema kanjani unanga:
  • Thenga itiye kubathengisi abathembekile abanolwazi olusobala ngendabuko nosuku lwesivuno.
  • Bheka isimo sangaphandle: i-Qīngliángshān chá yangempela inemicilo egobile ephothiwe eqinile yombala ompunga-oluhlaza onesithwathwa esimhlophe.
  • Hlola iphunga: iphunga elihlala njalo lerayisi eligazingiwe — uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu lobuqiniso.
  • Hlola umcakiselo: kufanele ube ohlanzekile, obala, wombala ophuzi-oluhlaza, ngaphandle kokufiphala.
  • Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo ngezinga eliphezulu elishiwo — kuwuphawu lokuthile okufakwe esikhundleni.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• I-Qīngliángshān chá ikleliswa endaweni yokuqala phakathi kwamatiye ayisishiyagalolunye adumile ngokomlando aseMéizhōu — isiqu esisusela emibhalweni yesikhathi se-Qīng, lapho leli tiye lifaniswa neLóngjǐng ngokuhlanzeka nobusha bokunambitheka.
• Umzana wase-Qīngliángcūn — ‘umzana wetiye’ wangempela: emindenini engaphezu kuka-130, ngaphezu kuka-90% iphila ngomsebenzi wetiye. Kulapha futhi kunamahlumela ayiminyaka eyikhulu okuwomama.
• Uhlobo lwabantu basendaweni ‘ulimi lwenyoni’ (鸟舌茶) — iyinhlobo yabantu abaningi ephila kule ndawo kuphela, eyavumelana nezimo zezintaba zaseQīngliángshān emakhulwini eminyaka. Igcinwa ngokuhambisana nama-cultivar afakwe angcono.
• Endaweni i-Zǐshùào (梓树坳) ekuphakameni okungamamitha angu-860 kukhiqizwa ‘itiye lomthande’ (雀舌茶, quèshé chá) elikhethekile — itiye elenziwe ngamahlumela amancane kakhulu, elithathwa njengengqungqulu yohlu lwendawo.
• Okuqukethwe i-selenium etiyeni laseQīngliángshān kuphakeme ngokuphindwe kathathu kunamatiye aluhlaza avamile — inzuzo engavamile yemvelo ehlobene nokwakheka kwamaminerali emhlabathini wezintaba. Lesi sici sidonsela ukunakwa okwandayo kwalabo abahlola itiye ngokomsebenzi kanye nabathengi abaqaphela impilo.
• Isiko letiye lamaHakka ‘lwetiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe esihlahleni’ (客家炒绿) linomlando olandelela emuva kusukela esikhathini se-Wèi-Jìn (ngekhulu le-3–5 AD) nokuchuma kwaso ngezikhathi ze-Míng ne-Qīng. I-Qīngliángshān chá ingelinye labameleli abavelele baleli siko, egcine ukulandelana okungokomlando kwenqubo yokukhiqiza.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

• Mǎtú Lǜchá (马图绿茶, Mǎtú Lǜchá): Elinye itiye elidumile lesifunda saseMéizhōu (isifunda i-Méixiàn), futhi elivikelwe ngophawu lwendawo (kusukela ngo-2014). Lenziwa ngokwesiko elilinganiselwe lamaHakka lokugazinga, nokho likhiqizwa ngezinhlobo zasendaweni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu aphakathi nendawo. Iphunga alisho kangako kumatoni erayisi uma liqhathaniswa ne-Qīngliángshān chá. Ukunambitheka kuqine kakhulu futhi kunothile.
• Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Itiye eliluhlaza laseZhèjiāng elidumile elibunjiwe ngokuyisicaba. Njengoba imibhalo yesikhathi se-Qīng yayishilo, i-Qīngliángshān chá ‘ifana neLóngjǐng ngokunambitheka’, nokho ihluke ngokuma kweqabunga (imichilo ephothiwe uma iqhathaniswa nephansi), ubuchwepheshe (hōngqīng/chǎoqīng uma kuqhathaniswa ne-chǎoqīng emsulwa) kanye nephunga lerayisi eliyingqayizivele, elingejwayelekile kwiLóngjǐng.
• Jiāolǐng Lǜchá (蕉岭绿茶, Jiāolǐng Lǜchá): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane i-Jiāolǐng (futhi i-Méizhōu), elikhiqizwa ngohlobo lwe-Shuǐxiān. Likhanya kakhudlwana, linamathoni ezimbali agqamile, kodwa alinayo iphunga lerayisi futhi alinaso isiqalo esinothe.
• Xìnyáng Máojiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Itiye eliluhlaza elidumile laseHénán elinoboya obumhlophe obuningi. Lihluke ngokuma okuncane okuyinalithi, iphunga elibucayi lamakinathi nokuqokonyiswa kwe-umami. I-Qīngliángshān chá iqine emzimbeni futhi inephunga eliqhakazile lokugazinga.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Qīngliángshān chá ingelinye lalawo matiye aluhlaza esifunda angavamile, lapho isiko leminyaka eminingi lokutshala itiye lamaHakka lihlanganiswa ngokuhambisanayo ne-terroir yemvelo eyingqayizivele. Imithambeka yezintaba enenhlabathi ene-selenium inika leli tiye ubumnandi obuthambile be-amino acid kanye nesisekelo esingavamile seminerali, kanti indlela yendabuko ‘yokulungiswa okunzima’ yakha uphawu lwalo — iphunga elihlala njalo, elikhangayo lerayisi eligazingiwe. Leli tiye lilifanele ngokuphelele labo abakwazisa amatiye aluhlaza anokunambitheka okuqinile, okumnandi okushelelayo kanye nephunga elivezwa ngokusobala, futhi abanentshisekelo ngamagugu omhlaba wetiye waseShayina angaziwa kangako ngaphandle kwaseGuǎngdōng.