Qingcheng Xue Ya

Qingcheng Xue Ya (青城雪芽, Qīngchéng xuě yá — «ihlumela leqhwa laseQingcheng») iyinhlobo yetiye eluhlaza laseSichuan, elikhulela entabeni engcwele yobuDao iQingchengshan (青城山, Qīngchéng Shān) — enye yezindawo okwavela kuzo ubuDao (道教发源地, dàojiào fāyuándì), indawo eyigugu lomhlaba jikelele eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-UNESCO. Igama lichaza ngokunembile: amahlumela ambozwe uboya obumhlophe qwa, afana ncamashi nezithombo zentaba ezambozwe yiqhwa. Itiye lidunyiselwa kusukela esikhathini sikaTang: uLu Yu encwadini yakhe ethi “Umthetho-sisekelo Wetiyeni” (茶经) wabhala ukuthi “esifundeni saseQingcheng kune tiye elihlakazekile netiye lomnikelo” (青城县有散茶、贡茶), kanti ngesikhathi samaDynasty amahlanu uMao Wenxi (毛文锡) encwadini yakhe ethi “Incwadi Yezinyatheliso Zetiyeni” (茶谱, Chápǔ) walichaza amafomu alo amnene kakhulu — “ulimi lwendlazane” (雀舌, quèshé) kanye “nohlamvu lwebhali” (麦颗, màikē). Ngesikhathi seDynasty yaseSong, eQingchengshan kwakukhona ikhothi yetiye lombuso (皇家茶场), kanti izigodlo zobuDao ezingama-35 zaziphoqelekile ukuletha itiye ekhothini lombuso.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eluhlaza (elingagaywa). Ngokobuchwepheshe — oluthosiwe futhi olushisisiwe, lomiswe ngamalahle ekugcineni: “ukuthoswa kathathu nokusongwa kathathu” (三炒三揉, sān chǎo sān róu) + ukushisisa ngamalahle kusetshenziswa izibhakela zikakhuni (竹笼炭烘). Ngokobunjeba — umucu oqondile ogotshwe kancane (直条形，秀丽微曲).

• Isigaba: Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo olusemthethweni kazwelonke (国家地理标志产品). Ngo-1982 — “Umkhiqizo Oncomekayo Esifundazweni saseSichuan” (四川省优质产品). Itiye lomnikelo womlando (贡茶) wezikhathi zikaTang noSong.

• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseSichuan (四川, Sìchuān), idolobha iDujiangyan (都江堰市, Dūjiāngyàn Shì), intaba iQingchengshan (青城山). Indawo emaphakathi yale nsimu — izingadi zetiye zasendulo emazingeni angama-600–1200 m, ezifundeni eFengkeng (枫坑), ePankeng (盘坑) naseShijingkeng (石井坑), kanye naseduze kwenqophane iZhangrenfeng (丈人峰, “Inqophane Yendoda Endala”) — lapho kukhona khona izihlahla zetiye zakudala.

• Izixhumanisi zendawo: 103°33′ empumalanga, 30°54′ enyakatho.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: IQingchengshan — “Indawo Okwavela Kuyo UbuDao”, indawo lapho uZhang Daoling wodumo (张道陵, Zhāng Dàolíng) ngekhulu lesi-2 AD asungula khona isikole “sabaFundisi baseZulwini” (天师道, Tiānshī Dào). Ukutshalwa kwetiye kulolu dawo kubhalisiwe kusukela esikhathini sikaTang: uLu Yu encwadini yakhe ethi “Umthetho-sisekelo Wetiyeni” waphawula ukuthi isifunda saseQingcheng sikhiqiza itiye elihlakazekile nelokunikela. Ngesikhathi samaDynasty amahlanu (五代, ikhulu le-10) uMao Wenxi encwadini yakhe ethi “Incwadi Yezinyatheliso Zetiyeni” wawachaza ngokuningiliziwe amafomu etiye laseQingcheng.

  Ngesikhathi seDynasty yaseSong (960–1279) iQingchengshan yaba yind awo yenkantolo yetiye lombuso (皇家茶场): itiye elithi “Shapingcha” (沙坪茶) lafakwa ohlwini lweminikelo. Ngokombhalo othi “Irejista Yeminikelo Yebutho LaseYongkang” (永康军贡目, Yǒngkāngjūn gòngmù), izigodlo zobuDao ezingama-35 zaziphoqelekile ukuletha itiye enkantolweni — lokhu kungenye yezindlela ezinkulu “zokuhlela” zokunikela ngetiye emlandweni weChina.

  Umlando wamanje: ngo-1958 umkhiqizo wetiye lomasipala waseDujiangyan (国营灌县茶场), esekelwe emibhalweni yomlando, wasungula itiye elithi “Qingcheng Xue Ya”. Ngo-1982 — umklomelo wesifundazwe. Ngawo-2010s — uvikeleko lophawu lwendawo.

• Igama:

  • “Qingcheng” (青城) — “Idolobha Elihlaza” (noma “Inqaba Ewesuthi”): igama lentaba engcwele yobuDao. “Okuluhlaza” — umbala wezitshalo ezingapheli, ezimboza imimango, njengezindonga zedolobha.
  • “Xue” (雪) — “iqhwa”: isingathekiso soboya obumhlophe obuningi obusemahlumeni.
  • “Ya” (芽) — “ihlumela, umsumane”.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IQingcheng Xue Ya itiye elinomoya ophindwe kabili: amatiye amaBuddha ahlotshaniswa nokucabanga, kodwa iQingcheng Xue Ya — iyona kuphela ematiyeni aluhlaza adumile, ehlanganiswa ngokuqinile nobuDao. IQingchengshan — “Indawo Okwavela Kuyo UbuDao”, indawo okwasungulwa kuyo esinye sezikole ezinkulu zobuDao. Itiye lapha liyingxenye yomkhuba wobuDao othi “养生” (yangsheng, “ukondla impilo”), hhayi ukucabanga kwamaBuddha. Lona wuhlaka lwefilosofi oluhluke ngokugqamile: itiye lobuDao — ngokuvumelana nemvelo nokuphila isikhathi eside, elamaBuddha — ngokukhanyiselwa.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nokutshalwa:

• Uhlobo / Umhlwenga: UFuding Dabaicha (福鼎大白茶) — umhlwenga oyinhloko, ohlinzeka ngobuningi boboya. UMingshan Tezao 213 (名山特早213) — uhlobo olunamahlamvu amancane olusha ngokushesha. Ngokungezelela — Isigaba somdabu saseSichuan esinamahlamvu aphakathi nendawo (四川中叶群体种). Emaphakathi nensimu kusezihlahla zetiye zakudala (原生茶树群落) eziseduze kwenqophane iZhangrenfeng.

• Ukuvuna: Ngaphambi kweQingming (清明) ngokuqinile. Isilinganiso — umsumane munye neqabunga elilodwa elisathuthukayo (一芽一叶初展), ubude ≤2.5 cm. Kumagremu angu-500 esigaba esiphakeme kakhulu — amasumane angu-40,000–50,000.

• Amazinga: Amazinga amathathu:

  • Teji (特级): Amasumane agcwele noma umsumane munye neqabunga elilodwa. Uboya ≥90%. Iphunga elimnandi le-castany. Kusukela kuma-yuan angu-800 ngejin.
  • Yiji (一级): Umsumane munye neqabunga elilodwa. Aqondile, agoshwe kancane. I-flavour ethambile.
  • Eji (二级): Okuhlanganisa umsumane munye namahlamvu amabili. Iphunga elihlanzekile, ubumnandi obubuyayo.

4. Indawo Etshalwa Kuyo Nezici Zokutshala:

• Intaba engcwele: IQingchengshan iyigugu lomhlaba le-UNESCO (kusukela ngo-2000, kanye nohlelo lokuchelela lwaseDujiangyan). Ububanzi bentaba obunotshani obuminyene.

• Isimo sezulu: Omunye kakhulu futhi ushisayo. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka — 15.2°C, imvula yonyaka — 1225.2 mm. Izinsuku ezinokuduma kwonyaka — >280 — okungenye yezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu ezindaweni zokutshala itiye emhlabeni jikelele. Umswakama — ≥80%. Ukukhanya okuningi okusakazekile.

• Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Amamitha angu-600–1200 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Indawo eyinhloko — 800–1200 m.

• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ene-asidi enombala ophuzi oqhamuka ocwecweni “oluhlaza” lobumba olunsomi (酸性黄棕紫泥), ijule, ivundile, icebile ngezinto zemvelo. Ukugqunyelelwa kwamahlathi — 93%. Imithombo yamanzi — imifula engena ohlelweni lwaseQiandaohu (千岛湖, kodwa lapha — uhlelo lokuchelela lwaseDujiangyan), enamanzi asezingeni lokuqala likahulumeni.

• Izinga lama-amino acid: Ezintweni ezingavuthiwe — 484.29 mg/100 g (= 4.84%) — ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso esivamile kumatiye aluhlaza. Umphumela: izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-280 zokuduma + ukukhanya okusakazekile + inhlabathi ene-asidi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe beQingcheng Xue Ya — “ukuthoswa kathathu nokusongwa kathathu” (三炒三揉) + ukumiswa ngamalahle — buwubu chwepheshe obunezigaba eziningi kunabo bonke ematiyeni aluhlaza.

• Ukuthelwa (摊放 — tānfàng): Amahora angu-4–6.

• Ukuqinisa (杀青 — shāqīng): Ku-140°C epanini eliyisicaba (平锅). Ukushintshana “kokulahlakamisa” kanye “nokupheka kancane” (抖闷, dǒumèn).

• Ukusongwa kokuqala (初揉 — chūróu): Ukubunjwa okulula.

• Ukuthoswa kwesibili (二炒 — èrchǎo): Ku-80–100°C — ukuthuthukiswa kwephunga nokomisa okuqhubekayo.

• Ukusongwa kwesibili (复揉 — fùróu): Ukuqiniswa kwesakhiwo.

• Ukuthoswa kwesithathu (三炒 — sānchǎo): “Ukuqinisa” kokugcina.

• Ukupholisa (摊凉 — tānliáng): Ukusabalalisa komswakama.

• Ukubunjwa nokubonakalisa uboya (整形提毫 — zhěngxíng tíháo): Izinga lokushisa — “eliphezulu kuqala, eliphansi ekugcineni” (锅温先高后低). Ingcweti ngezandla amahora angu-20 (.) “ithi khipha” uboya obusiliva, yakha “uboya obumhlophe obufana neqhwa” (白毫似雪, báiháo sì xuě). Lesi yisigaba eside kakhulu sokubunjwa ematiyeni aluhlaza aseSichuan.

• Ukumiswa ngamalahle (竹笼炭烘 — zhúlóng tànhōng): Ukumiswa ezibhakeleni zikakhuni ngamalahle okhuni.

• Ukukhetha nokushisisa okokugcina (拣选复火 — jiǎnxuǎn fùhuǒ): Ukukhetha nokushisisa isikhashana ukuqinisa iphunga.

6. Izimpawu Zomqondo:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amahlumela aqondile, amahle anokugotshwa okuncane (秀丽微曲). Uboya obusiliva bumhlophe bumboza indawo, kwakha umphumela “wamasumane aneqhwa” (白毫显露). Umbala — usiliva nokwesuthi (银翠交辉, yíncuì jiāohuī — “isiliva no-esuthi kuyabenyezela”).

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: I-castany emnene (嫩栗香, nèn lì xiāng) — inothi eyinhloko. Ukuhlanzeka okuluhlaza (清香). Iphunga lezimbali nezithelo (花果香).

• Iphunga lokugcwalisa: Oku-castany nokusha, okuqhubekayo, okunezincazelo zezimbali.

• I-flavour: Kusha futhi kunamanzi (鲜爽). Kuncane futhi kugcwele emzimbeni (醇厚). Ubumnandi obubuyayo — obuqhubekayo nobude (回甘持久). Inothi ye-amino acid (鲜, xiān — “umami”) — ebonakala kahle.

• Umbala wokugcwalisa: Oluhlaza ngokukhwathi, oqhakazile futhi osobala (黄绿明亮).

• Isisekelo setiye: Amahlumela amnene, alinganayo, aqoqwe abe “yizigaba” (嫩绿匀整成朵).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-amino acid: 484.29 mg/100 g (≈4.84%) — ngaphezulu kakhulu kwesilinganiso. Isici esibalulekile sokusha nobumnandi.
• I-polyphenol (i-catechin): Inani elibalulekile. Ukusebenza kokunciphisa ama-radical akhululekile — okuphindwe ka-10 ngaphezu kukavithamini E.
• I-fluoride: 200 ppm — ukuvikela ugesi lwamazinyo.
• Uvithamini C: Inani — okungenye yezinto eziphakeme kakhulu ematiyeni aseSichuan (居川茶前列).
• I-alkaloid: I-caffeine — inani elilinganiseliwe.
• Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-fluoride.

8. Imiphumela Enempilo:

• Ukulawulwa kwesisindo (降脂减肥): I-catechin ivimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha ngokusebenza okungaphezulu ngo-30% kunetiye eliluhlaza elivamile.

• Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: I-polyphenol — ukusebenza okuphindwe ka-10 ngaphezu kukavithamini E.

• Ukuvikela amazinyo nokubona (护齿明目): I-fluoride (200 ppm) iqinisa ugesi lwamazinyo; uvithamini C us ekela impilo yamehlo.

• Umthelela wokugqugquzela: I-caffeine ne-L-theanine.

• Kubalulekile: izimfanelo ezibaluliwe zisuselwa emininingwaneni eyaziwa wonke umuntu futhi akuzona izincomo zezokwelapha.

9. Ukumisela:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85°C.

• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).

• Isitsha: Ingilazi — indlela yokuthela ngenhla (上投法).

• Inqubo:

  1. Thela amanzi kuze kube ngu-7/10, ufake itiye, “ukunikeza amandla” imizuzwana engu-30.
  2. Gcwalisa amanzi. Ukugcwalisa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-30.
  3. Okulandelayo — +imizuzwana engu-10. Itiye lingamelana nokugcwalisa okuyi-4.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Kuvaliwe, endaweni emnyama nepholile. Esikhenkcisini ku-0–5°C.
• Itiye elisanda kuthengwa — ligcinelwe izinsuku eziyi-15 ukuze “kuphelile umlilo”.
• Isikhathi — kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-12. Emva kokuvula — inyanga e1–2.

11. Intengo Nezingcingo:

Amazinga amathathu: iTeji (kusukela kuma-yuan angu-800 ngejin), iYiji, iEji.

• Ungazigwema kanjani izingcingo: Thenga ngophawu lwe-GI lwedolobha iDujiangyan; hlola “uboya obuqhwakele” nombala wesiliva no-esuthi; hlola iphunga le-castany elisha.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

• IQingchengshan — “Indawo Okwavela Kuyo UbuDao”, indawo ye-UNESCO, indawo okwasungulwa kuyo isikole “sabaFundisi baseZulwini” (ikhulu lesi-2 AD). IQingcheng Xue Ya iyona kuphela itiye eliluhlaza elidumile, elihlotshaniswa ngokuqinile nobuDao, hhayi ngesiko lamaBuddha.

• Ngesikhathi seDynasty yaseSong izigodlo zobuDao ezingama-35 zaseQingchengshan zaziphoqelekile ukuletha itiye enkantolweni — umgudu omkhulu wokuhlela wokuphana kwetiye emlandweni.

• Izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-280 ezinokuduma ngonyaka — okungenye yezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu ezindaweni zokutshala itiye emhlabeni. IQingchengshan ngokusobala “ayiboni ilanga” cishe unyaka wonke.

• Ukukhishwa kwezandla “kwesisusa soboya” (提毫) yamahora angu-20 — isigaba eside kakhulu sokubunjwa ematiyeni aluhlaza aseSichuan. Umphumela — “白毫似雪” (“uboya obufana neqhwa”).

• Uhlelo lokuchelela lwaseDujiangyan (都江堰), oluphansi kweQingchengshan, — uhlelo lwamanzi olusebenzayo oludala emhlabeni (ikhulu lesi-3 BC, ind awo eyigugu le-UNESCO elihlanganyelwe). Izingadi zetiye ziqhutshwa ngamanzi alolu hlelo.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza aseSichuan:

• Emei Zhuyeqing (峨眉竹叶青): lisentabeni yamaBuddha iEmei. Liyisicaba, liwesuthi. IZhuyeqing — “ilula” futhi “linjengokhuni”; iXue Ya — “iyiqhwa” futhi iyi-castany.

• Mengding Gan Lu (蒙顶甘露): Lisentabeni iMengdingshan. Lisongekile, linamanzi e-orchid. IGan Lu — inamachabunga; iXue Ya — inezithelo ze-castany ezisha, “inoboya obuqhwakele” obubonakala kahle.

• IZhuyeqing (竹叶青) vs. iXue Ya (雪芽): Amabhrendi amabili amakhulu aseSichuan — “IMbali Yoqhwangi” esentabeni yamaBuddha kanye “neHlumela Leqhwa” entabeni yobuDao. UbuDao vs. ubuDao, isicaba vs. oqondile, iEmei vs. iQingcheng.

Ekuphetheni:

IQingcheng Xue Ya itiye lentaba yobuDao. Iyona kuphela ematiyeni aluhlaza adumile, elizalwa hhayi esigodlweni samaBuddha, kodwa emhlatshelweni wobuDao, liphethe “eboyeni balo obuqhwakele” nasephungeni le-castany elisha umoya “we-yangsheng” — ubuciko bobuDao bokuhambisana nemvelo nokwelula impilo. Izinsuku ezingama-280 zokuduma ngonyaka, inkantolo yetiye lombuso yezikhathi zamaSong, izigodlo zobuDao ezingama-35 ezingabahlinzeki kanye nezihlahla zakudala esiqongweni seNdoda Endala — konke lokhu kufakwe”emahlumeleni eqhwa” ngamunye, acwebezela esisweni esiluhlaza, njengomhlonyana wokuqala ethambekeni lentaba, lapho uZhang Daoling ake wazuza khona ukungafi.