Iqabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane

Iqabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane – itiye eliluhlaza elincane kodwa eselidume kakhulu, elivela esifundazweni saseZhejiang, elizalelwe osebeni lweChibi Leziqhingi Eziyinkulungwane (千岛湖, Qiāndǎo Hú). Lakhiwa ngo-1982 lisekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe be-Xi Hu Long Jing futhi lisebenzisa uhlobo lwasendaweni lwe-Jiukeng, lakhula ngokushesha lazuza udumo: lathola igama kusolwazi ongumakadebona u-Zhuang Wanfang, futhi ngo-2007 selingumkhiqizo othola ukuvikela okuqokonyelwe ngokwendawo. Isimo sezulu esiyingqayizivele “samachibi neziqhingi”, inhlabathi ene-acidi yasehlathini kanye namanzi ahlanzekile omthombo wamanzi asemgangathweni wokuqala kwakha isimilo saleli tiye – iphunga elinothile likaphizi namantongomane, ukunambitheka okuminyene okusha kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi okuhlala isikhathi eside.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshiwe), ichaoqing (炒青, chǎoqīng) – eyomiswa ngokuthosiwa epanini. Ukuhlukaniswa okuqhubekayo – ibianxing (扁形, biǎnxíng) – isimo esiyisicaba.
Isigaba: Amatiye adumile esimanje aseChina (新创名茶, xīnchuàng míngchá); amatiye aluhlaza esifunda saseZhejiang.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), isifunda saseChun’an (淳安县, Chún’ān Xiàn), indawo yamanzi yeChibi i-Qiandaohu (千岛湖, Qiāndǎo Hú). Isizinda sokukhiqiza – indawo yaseQingxi (青溪, Qīngxī) kanye nezintaba ezizungezile ezinomoya weziqhingi.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 29°36′ enyakatho, 118°54′ empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Iqabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane – ngelinye lamatiye amasha adumile eChina aphumelela kakhulu engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20. Umlando walo uqala ngo-1982 ngesikhathi ipulazi letiye namahlathi ngaseChibini i-Qiandaohu (千岛湖林场, Qiāndǎo Hú Línchǎng) lakha itiye elisha lisebenzisa uhlobo lwasendaweni lwe-Jiukeng (鸠坑, Jiūkēng) kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-Xi Hu Long Jing. Ekuqaleni, leli tiye lalibizwa nge-”Long Jing yaseChibini Leziqhingi Eziyinkulungwane” (千岛湖龙井, Qiāndǎo Hú Lóngjǐng). NgoJulayi 1983, isazi setiye esidumile, uprofesa waseZhejiang Agricultural University u-Zhuang Wanfang (庄晚芳, Zhuāng Wǎnfāng) wahambela eChun’an ukuhlola ukukhiqizwa kwetiye. Ehloniphe imiqumbe enwabuzelayo enamandla kanye nendawo eyingqayizivele yeZiqhingi Eziyinkulungwane, ngesandla sakhe wabhala igama elisha – “Iqabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane” (千岛玉叶, “Iqabunga Lejade Eliyinkulungwane”), lokhu kwaqinisekisa ubuyena beli tiye oluhlukile ku-Long Jing yasentshonalanga yechibi.

Ukuqashelwa okuqhubekayo kweza ngokushesha: ngoJanuwari 1986, leli tiye laphumelela ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni; ngo-1987, uphawu lokuhweba lwabhaliswa. Ngo-1986, iQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane laklonyeliswa uMklomelo Wesibili kaZhejiang ngentuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. Ngo-1988 nango-1989, iminyaka emibili ilandelana, lathola isiqu “setiye elidumile lesifundazwe esisezingeni lokuqala” kuMnyango Wezolimo waseZhejiang. Ngo-1991, kwakhishwa isitifiketi “Setiye Elidumile Lesifundazwe saseZhejiang”. Uvuthondaba lwafika ngo-2007 lapho iQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane lithola isimo somkhiqizo onokuvikeleka ngokokuma kazwelonke (国家地理标志保护产品), lokhu kwaqinisekisa ngokuphelele isigqi seChibi i-Qiandaohu njengesifunda setiye esibalulekile eZhejiang.
Igama: “Qiandao” (千岛) – “iziqhingi eziyinkulungwane”, kubhekiswa ngqo eChibini i-Qiandaohu, umthombo wamanzi wokwakha owakhiwa ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwesikhungo samandla ngamanzi sase-Xin’anjiang. Phezu kwamanzi alo kunamatshe amakhulu kunenkulungwane, akha ubuhle bendawo obungafani nobunye. “Yu” (玉, yù) – “iljade”, lifanekisela ukubaluleka, ubumsulwa nobuhle betiye. “Ye” (叶, yè) – “iqabunga”. Kanjalo, igama eligcwele lidlulisa ngokunkondloza umfanekiso weqabunga letiye eliyigugu, elizalwe phakathi kweziqhingi eziyinkulungwane. Igama lanikezwa nguprofesa u-Zhuang Wanfang, owagcizelela ukuthi uboya obumhlophe emiqumbeni enamandla kwenza leli tiye lingafani ne-Long Jing yakudala futhi lifanelwe ubuyena balo.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Iqabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane seliba yiluphawu lwesifunda saseChun’an kanye neChibi i-Qiandaohu – esinye sezikhungo ezinkulu zezokuvakasha eMpumalanga China. Leli tiye lihlobene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nodumo lwemvelo lwechibi: i-Qiandaohu ngumthombo wamanzi kazwelonke wesigaba sokuqala onokubonakala okufinyelela kumamitha ayi-7, elinye lamachibi angenasawoti ahlanzeke kakhulu ezweni. Lesi sifunda kudala saziwa njenge-”Muzhou” (睦州, Mùzhōu) – igama lomlando elivela ezinkondlweni ezinikelwe kumatiye endawo: “Osebeni lweZiqhingi Eziyinkulungwane ezalwa – ngekhwalithi ephakeme kunawo wonke. I-Yu Ye ne-Yu Ya – amatiye angodade baseMuzhou”. Indawo yechibi ingenye yezindawo zokuqala ezingama-44 zikaHulumeni zokubukwa ezinhle zaseChina futhi ingenye yamapaki amakhulu ayishumi ezwe kazwelonke. E-Chun’an yanamuhla, iQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane alisilo nje kuphela isisekelo somnotho embonini yetiye, kodwa futhi liwuphawu lwesiko oluhlanganisa itiye nezokuvakasha.

3. Ukuchaza Kwezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Izinhlobo / Izilimo: Uhlobo oluyinhloko – i-Jiukeng quntizhong (鸠坑群体种, Jiūkēng qúntǐ zhǒng), uhlobo lwembewu olusezingeni lesifundazwe. Lokhu kuwuhlobo olumisiwe ngokomlando lwezigaba Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, olubonakala ngamahlamvu amakhulu, anenyama futhi anoboya obuningi. Okuqukethwe yi-tea polyphenols kungaphezu kuka-30%, okunikeza ukujula okukhulu kokunambitheka. Lolu hlobo luyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi lusebenza ngendlela ehlukahlukene ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokucubungula. Kuyasetshenziswa futhi uhlobo lwe-Long Jing 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43) – ukukhulisa izinga lomkhiqizo wokuqala wasentwasahlobo ngenxa yokuqala kwesikhathi sokumila.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna okuyinhloko – ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Izikhathi ziyahlukahluka: i-Long Jing 43 inikeza umkhiqizo wokuqala kusukela cishe zi-20 Mashi, i-Jiukeng – kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi. Uvuthondaba lwekhwalithi – kusukela ku-Qingming (清明) kuya ku-Guyu (谷雨). Ngemuva kwe-Guyu, amahlamvu asetshenziselwa itiye lansuku zonke (炒青, ichaoqing).
Izinga lokuvuna: Ezingeni elikhethekile (特级, tèjí) – umqumbu oneqabunga elilodwa elinga vuleki (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chū zhǎn), kanti umqumbu kufanele ube mude kuneqabunga. Ku-500 g wamaqabunga amasha kukhona imiqumbe engama-4100–4300. Ezingeni lokuqala – umqumbu oneqabunga elilodwa, ukungafani okuncane kuyavunyelwa. Ezingeni lesibili – ingxenye encane yezinto eziluhlaza enomqumbu kanye namahlamvu amabili iyavunyelwa. Izidingo ezijwayelekile: amahlumela alimele, nsomi, amancanyana kakhulu noma avuthwe ngokweqile awavunyelwe; izinto eziluhlaza kufanele zifane, zihlanzekile, zinoboya obugqamile.
Izidingo ngezinto eziluhlaza: Amaqabunga amasha emva kokuvunwa ahlaselwa ukuhanjiswa okuyimpoqo (摊放, tānfàng) isikhathi esingamahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-12, kuze kube ukuswakama kwehlela ku-70–72%. Lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni iphunga kanye nokulungiselela amaqabunga ukuthosiwa.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

Isimo sezulu nendawo: Indawo ye-Qiandaohu ingaphansi kwendawo yesimo sezulu esishisayo esinamanzi esinomswakama esishisayo. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi – 15–17 °C, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa – izinsuku ezingama-230–270, inani lezulu lonyaka – 1319,7 mm. Izikhathi eziyinhloko zemvula – izimvula zasentwasahlobo kanye nesikhathi “sezimvula zamapuleyini” (i-meiyu). UJulayi-Agasti – isikhathi esinesomiso (伏旱, fúhàn). Indawo yesifunda saseChun’un – ngokuyinhloko inamagquma, ngokushintsha kokuphakama: umngcele uphakanyisiwe, ingxenye emaphakathi iphansi, igcwele ichibi. Isici esiyinhloko se-terroir – “isimo sezulu esiyisiqhingi sechibi” (湖陆小气候, hú lù xiǎo qìhòu): ubuningi bamanzi angenasawoti kunciphisa ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kwakha inkungu yasekuseni eningi kanye nokuswakama okunzinzile, okulungele izihlahla zetiye.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Izingadi zetiye zisemagqumeni azungeze ichibi ekuphakameni okungamamitha angama-200–600. Isizinda somkhiqizo wekhwalithi – indawo yaseQingxi, lapho amahlathi amadala enza umthunzi wemvelo.
Inhlabathi: I-acidic red earth (红壤, hóng rǎng) kanye nenhlabathi enesihlabathi (砂质土), ecebile ngamaminerali. Ukusabela kuyi-acidic encane, okulungele i-Camellia sinensis.
Imvelo: Isembozo sehlathi endaweni ye-Qiandaohu – kusukela ku-81% kuya ku-93%. Ichibi linesimo somthombo wamanzi kazwelonke wesigaba sokuqala (国家一级水体) nokubonakala okufinyelela kumamitha ayi-7. Ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo okunjalo kunomthelela oqondile ezingeni lezinto eziluhlaza zetiye.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe beQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane buhlehlela emuva ezindleleni ze-Xi Hu Long Jing, kodwa buthuthukiswe ngezici zohlobo lwasendaweni lwe-Jiukeng ngemiqumbe yalo emikhulu, enoboya. Yonke inqubo yenzeka epanini eliyisicaba; itiye eliqedile kufanele lihlangabezane nezinga “lezici ezine”: ukukhanya, ubushelelezi, ukulingana, ubude (光、扁、平、直, guāng, biǎn, píng, zhí). Ukulahleka kwesisindo ngesikhathi senqubo – 60–65%, ukuswakama kokugcina – kungabi ngaphezu kuka-6%.

Ukuvunwa kwamaqabunga amasha (鲜叶采摘, xiānyè cǎizhāi): Ukuvunwa ngesandla ngokwezinga elichazwe ngenhla. Ukuhambisana okuphelele nezindlela “zobumnene, ukufana, ukuhlanzeka” (嫩、匀、净, nèn, yún, jìng) kuyadingeka.
Ukuhanjiswa (摊放, tānfàng): Amaqabunga avuniwe ahanjiswa phezu kwamaphepha ombambu endaweni enomthunzi, enomoya omuhle amahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-12. Ngesikhathi senqubo, ukuswakama kwehla kusuka ku-~78% kuya ku-70–72%; ukwahlukaniswa okuyingxenye kwamaprotheni kanye nokukhishwa kwezinhlanganisela eziphungayo ezinuka kamnandi kwenzeka.
Ukumiswa kanye nokubunjwa (杀青做形, shāqīng zuòxíng): Kwenziwa epanini eliyisicaba. Okwezinga eliphezulu – 110–120 °C, okwezinga elimaphakathi – 120–130 °C. Amaqabunga afakwa ngezabelo ezingama-150 g (izinga eliphezulu) noma 200 g (elimaphakathi). Ingcweti isebenzisa ukushintshanisa izindlela zesandla: “ukunyakazisa” (抖, dǒu), “ukuhola” (带, dài), “ukucindezela” (捺, nà), “ukubamba” (抓, zhuā), “ukufaka” (搭, dā). Inhloso – ukumisa i-oxidation ye-enzyme, ukuqinisa amaqabunga ngokulinganayo, ukususa iphunga lotshani kanye nokunikeza isimo esiyisicaba sokuqala. Ukuvuthwa kunqunywa ngokufiphala kweqabunga kanye nekhono layo lokubunjwa. Impahla ebunjiwe ibekwa ukuze ipholile futhi ilinganise ukuswakama (摊凉回潮, tānliáng huícháo).
Ukuhlunga nokuhanjiswa (筛分摊凉, shāifēn tānliáng): Ukuhlukaniswa okuphakathi ngosayizi kanye nokususwa kwezicucu.
Ukugcina ukuthosa kanye nokuqinisa isimo (煇锅定型, huì guō dìngxíng): Kwenziwa ku-70–80 °C. Izindlela eziyinhloko – “ukunyakazisa” (擞, sǒu), “ukuqondisa” (挺, tǐng), “ukucindezela” (压, yā), “ukuguguleka” (磨, mó). Kulesi sigaba, umthetho “isandla asishiyi itiye, itiye alishiyi ipani” (手不离茶，茶不离锅) usebenza. Ukulawula ukucindezela kubaluleke kakhulu: amandla amaningi aphula iqabunga, amancane awanikezi ubushelelezi obudingekayo; ukushisa ngokweqile kubangela itiye libe luhlaza; ukungashisi ngokwanele kwenza umbala ube mnyama. Umphumela – ubushelelezi, iziqhingi ezicabalele, eziqondile nokubengezela okulula.
Ukugcina ukuhlunga nokuhlela (筛分整理, shāifēn zhěnglǐ): Itiye elomile liyahlungwa ukuze kulinganise izingxenyana, kususwe izicucu nothuli. Ukuhlukaniswa ngamabanga ngokosayizi, ukuphelela, inani loboya nombala.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka:

Ukubukeka kwamaqabunga omile: Isimo esiyisicaba, esiqondile, esicabalele kancane (扁平挺直). Umbala – uluhlaza nombala ophuzi omncane (翠绿嫩黄), noboya obumhlophe obubonakalayo phezu. Imiqumbe mikhulu, iminyene. Izicucu zetiye zibushelelezi, ziyafana, azikho izicucu. Kubukeka kufana ne-Xi Hu Long Jing, kodwa kuhluka ngoboya obugqamile kanye nokusinda okuthe xaxa kweqabunga.
Iphunga lamaqabunga omile: Lihlanzekile, liphezulu, nephunga likaphizi elidlulayo (豆香, dòu xiāng) – ithoni eyinhloko – kanye nephunga elithambile lokuluhlaza okusha (清香, qīng xiāng). Kunephunga elincane “lobisi” (嫩香, nèn xiāng), eliyisici sezinto eziluhlaza ezincane.
Iphunga lokumunca: Lisha, liqinile, nephunga elinamandla likaphizi namantongomane. Njengoba inkomishi iyaphola, kuvela amaphunga aphakathi nendawo ezimbali nezobuhlahla. Iphunga lihlanzekile, alinakho okungcolile.
Ukunambitheka: Kunothile futhi kugcwele (醇厚, chúnhòu) – kuminyene ngokugqamile kune-Xi Hu Long Jing yakudala. Ubusha buyagqama (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), okubangelwa okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid ohlotsheni lwe-Jiukeng. Ukunambitheka okumnandi okubuya emuva okucacile (回甘明显, huígān míngxiǎn). Akukho ubuhlungu noma ubukhali obunamandla uma kulungiswe kahle. Emva kokumunca isikhathi eside, kungavela ukucinana okusesilinganisweni.
Umbala wokumunca: Uluhlaza ophuzi, okhanyayo, obala (黄绿明亮). Ngetiye elisha – enokukhanya okuluhlaza okuncane; lapho ligcinwa, ukumunca kuba mnyama.
Isekelo letiye (amaqabunga abilisiwe): Amaqabunga aluhlaza ocansi, anenyama, afanayo, ahlanganiswe ndawonye ezinhlamvwini ezinhle (嫩绿成朵, nèn lǜ chéng duǒ). Amaqabunga ayavunda, aminyene. Umbala ofanayo ongenamachashaza noma ukufiphala – uphawu lokucubungula okusezingeni.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Leli tiye libonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenols (>30% – into eyisici esikhethekile sohlobo lwe-Jiukeng), kanye nephrofayili ecebile yama-amino acid.

Ama-polyphenols (ama-catechin): Angaphezu kuka-30% wesisindo esomile – ngaphezu kwesilinganiso samatiye aluhlaza. Izakhi eziyinhloko – i-EGCG, i-ECG, i-EGC. Zinikeza umsebenzi we-antioxidant, ukuminyana kokunambitheka okuyisakhiwo kanye nengxenye yokucinana, elinganiselwe ngama-amino acid.
Ama-amino acid: Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu (izibalo eziqondile zeQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane azilinganiswanga, kodwa izinto eziluhlaza zokuqala ze-Jiukeng zibonakala ngokuqoqa okuhle kwama-amino acid). I-L-theanine – ingxenye eyinhloko, eyakha ubumnandi kanye “nomzimba” ofana ne-umami.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine – ukuqukethwe okusesilinganisweni, okunika umphumela wokuvuselela omnene ngokubambisana ne-L-theanine. Kukhona futhi i-theobromine ne-theophylline.
Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C – ukuqukethwe okuphezulu ezintweni eziluhlaza ezintsha. Amavithamini eqembu B. I-Vitamin K.
Amaminerali: I-Fluoride – 200–300 ppm (ukuqinisa ukwembozwa kwamazinyo). I-Potassium, i-manganese, i-zinc. Inhlabathi ene-acidic ye-red earth enokwakheka okucebile kwaminerali inikeza iphrofayili egcwele yezinto.
Ama-flavonoid: Izakhi ezengeziwe ze-antioxidant, okuhlanganisa i-vitexin, i-morin kanye nama-catechin. Umsebenzi ophawulekayo wokulwa namagciwane uyagqanyiswa.

8. Izici Ezinempilo:

Umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane: Ama-tea polyphenols anomsebenzi onamandla wokubulala amagciwane – ukucindezelwa kokukhula kwe-dysentery bacillus, ngokulinganisela, kudlula 90%.
Ukuvikela nge-antioxidant: Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-catechin (>30% polyphenols) kunciphisa ama-radicals akhululekile, kusekela impilo yamaseli.
Ukuqinisa ukwembozwa kwamazinyo: Ukuqukethwe kwe-fluoride 200–300 ppm kusiza ekwakheni esendlalelweni sokuvikela phezu koqweqwe lwamazinyo, kanti umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane wama-polyphenols ucindezela izilwanyane ezibangisa ukubola kwamazinyo.
Ukusekela imetabolism kanye nesisindo esinempilo: I-caffeine kanye nama-polyphenols bavuselela ukwahlukaniswa kwamafutha kanye ne-thermogenesis.
Umphumela omnandi wokuvuselela: I-L-theanine ne-caffeine yakha isimo sokuphola okusebenzayo, kuthuthukisa imisebenzi yobuchopho ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.
Ukusekela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-catechin asiza ukwehlisa izinga le-LDL cholesterol, akugcine ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.
Ukusekela ukugaya: Ama-polyphenols kanye nezinto zokuvila zivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali okusiza ukugaya, zenza kube lula ukugaya ukudla okunamafutha nokusindayo.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 80–85 °C. Akunconywanga neze ukusebenzisa amanzi abilayo – lokhu kuchitha i-chlorophyll (ukumnika kuba luhlaza) futhi kwandise ubuhlungu.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml (isilinganiso 1:50). Okokunambitha okuqhubekayo – 5 g nge-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi (iyanconywana – ivumela ukubuka ukuvuleka kweqabunga nobumsulwa bokumunca); i-porcelain gaiwan emhlophe (盖碗); inkomishi yeporcelain enesembozo.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo, uwachithe.
2. Faka itiye. Sebenzisa indlela yokufaka engezansi (下投法) – itiye liye ngaphansi, bese kufakwa amanzi.
3. Ukuwasha akuyona into eyimpoqo ngetiye eliluhlaza elincane. Uma uthanda – ukuhlanza ngokushesha (imizuzwana emi-1–2).
4. Ukuthululelwa kokuqala – ukutheleka okuqondiswe endaweni ethile (定点注水, dìngdiǎn zhùshuǐ), ukummumunca 10 le mizuzwana. Yichithe noma uqale uphuze.
5. Ukuthululela okulandelayo oku-2–5 – andisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana emi-5–10. IQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane elisezingeni eliphakeme limelana nokuphisa 5.
6. Ukumnika kunconywana ukuphuzwa ngokushesha emva kokuthelwa – ukummumunca isikhathi eside (ngaphezu kwemizuzu emi-3) kwandisa ingxenye yokucinana.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Njengawo wonke amatiye aluhlaza amahle, iQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane lizwelana nokukhanya, ukushisa, ukuswakama kanye namaphunga angajwayelekile. Izimo ezilungile zokugcina: ukupakishwa okuvalekile (isikhwama se-vacuum, ithini lokuvala ngokuqinile), izinga lokushisa 0–5 °C. Lapho ukhipha esiqandisini, kufanele uligcine lipakishiwe ize ifike ezingeni lokushisa legumbi (amahora ama-1–2) ukugwema ukujiya. Isikhathi sokugcina sipakishwe sivalekile ku-12 izinyanga ezingeni lokushisa elifanele. Emva kokuvula – kuyanconywa ukusetshenziswa phakathi kwamasonto ama-3–4. Indlela yendabuko: itiye lifakwa ezikhwameni zamaphepha, licindezelwe kancane futhi liboshwe, bese lifakwa ezitsheni zobumba noma zeporcelain ezinesembozo esivala ngokuqinile.

11. Intengo kanye Nezingamanga:

IQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane – itiye elinokuvikeleka ngokokuma (kusukela ngo-2007), okusekela izinga lentengo yalo kanye nodumo. Izindleko zishintsha kakhulu: izinto eziluhlaza zangaphambi kwe-Qingming yezinga elikhethekile – zibiza kakhulu; itiye lesikhathi se-Qingming–Guyu – isilinganiso esihle sezinga nentengo; izinto eziluhlaza zangemva kwe-Guyu – inketho engabizi yokusetshenziswa nsuku zonke.

Ungazigwema kanjani izingamanga:

Ukubukeka: IQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane langempela – liyisicaba, liqondile, linoboya obumhlophe obugqamile nokuluhlaza okuphuzi okuncane. Imikhohliso (evame ukuvela ezintweni ezingekho ezingeni ezivela kwezinye izifunda) ibukeka ifiphele, inombala ongafani nezicucu eziphukile.
Iphunga: Iphunga likaphizi/lamantongomane elihlanzekile ngaphandle kokubola kanye nokuba yizitshalo okuluhlaza. Ukungabi bikho kwephunga likaphizi eliyisici – uphawu lokushintshwa.
Ukumunca: Kufanele kube luhlaza ophuzi okhanyayo, obala. Ukumunca okunukubala noma okumnyama kubonisa izinto ezingekho ezingeni noma ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe.
Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele, kusha, ne-huigan egqamile. Ukunambitheka okuphansi, okunamanzi ngaphandle kokunambitheka okusemva – uphawu lwengamanga.
Umthombo: Thenga itiye elinophawu lokukuma lwendawo “千岛玉叶” kubakhiqizi abaqinisekisiwe baseChun’an. Naka usuku lomkhiqizo kanye nokuba selubala kolwazi ngemvelaphi.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

Itiye laqanjwa nguProfesa u-Zhuang Wanfang (1908–1999) – omunye “wezinsika ezine” zesayensi yetiye yase China yekhulu lama-20, umbhali wemisebenzi eyisisekelo nge-taxonomy nomlando wetiye. Umbhalo wakhe wekhaligrafi othi “千岛玉叶” ugcinwa njengengobo yomlando yesiko letiye laseChun’an.
Ichibi Leziqhingi Eziyinkulungwane (千岛湖) – liwumthombo omkhulu wamanzi angenasawoti owenziwe eMpumalanga China, owakhiwa ngo-1959 ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwesikhungo samandla ngamanzi emfuleni i-Xin’anjiang (新安江). Phezu kwamanzi alo kuneziqhingi eziyi-1078 ezinomhlaba ongaphezu kuka-0.25 ha umunye ngamunye. Yilokhu kuhamba kwamanzi okuyingqayizivele okudala isimo sezulu esincane esakha isimilo setiye.
Umfula i-Xin’anjiang, owondla ichibi, wadunyiswa ngu-Li Bai: “Ngiyabuza ngoMfula iXin’an – ingabe ukhanyile ize iye phansi?” Ukuhlanzeka kwala manzi – akuyona nje imidwebo yobunkondlo, kodwa futhi indinganiso yangempela yemvelo: ichibi lilondoloza isimo somthombo wamanzi wesigaba sokuqala ngokubonakala okufinyelela kumamitha ayi-7.
IQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane kanye ne-Qingxi Yu Ya (清溪玉芽, Qīngxī Yù Yá) – “amatiye angodade baseMuzhou”: kokubili kukhiqizwa esifundeni esisodwa ngobuchwepheshe obufanayo, kodwa ngezinto eziluhlaza ezahlukene. Inkondlo emfushane ithi: “Esebeni lweZiqhingi Eziyinkulungwane ezalwa – ngekhwalithi ephakeme kunawo wonke. I-Yu Ye ne-Yu Ya – amatiye angodade aseMuzhou”.
Isifunda saseChun’an – sikhulu kunawo wonke endaweni esifundazweni saseZhejiang. Igama laso elingokomlando – i-Muzhou (睦州) – lihlehlela emuva enkathini ye-Sui futhi ngokwezwi nezwi lisho “Izwe Lokuzwana”.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza AseZhejiang:

I-Xi Hu Long Jing (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): “Isihlobo” esiyinhloko kanye nomthombo wobuhlakani bobuchwepheshe beQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane. Umehluko ubalulekile: i-Long Jing isebenzisa uhlobo lwe-Long Jing 43 noma i-Qun Ti Zhong Long Jing (engenabo uboya obuningi), iphunga layo – liphakeme kakhulu, “i-castnut-pizi”, isimo sayo – siyisicaba ngokuphelele, sibushelelezi, cishe singenabo uboya. IQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane, ngenxa yohlobo lwe-Jiukeng, linoboya obuningi, lisinda ngokwesakhiwo somqumbu, linokunambitheka okuminyene nokugcwele ngokwengeziwe.
I-Anji Bai Cha (安吉白茶, Ānjí Bái Chá): Itiye eliluhlaza elivela enyakatho yeZhejiang (isifunda sase-Anji). Likhiqizwa ngohlobo lwe-albino i-Bai Ye Yihao enokuqukethwe okuphakeme kakhulu kwama-amino acid (~6–7%). Ngaphandle – izicucu ezincane, ezinde, eziluhlaza okhanyayo eziphuzi. Ukunambitheka – kusha kakhulu, ne-umami egqamile kanye nokucinana okuncane kakhulu. IQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, linomzimba ogcwele kakhulu kanye nephrofayili likaphizi namantongomane.
I-Jinhua Juyan (金华举岩, Jīnhuá Jǔyán): Itiye eliluhlaza elingokomlando elivela edolobheni laseJinhua, lihlehlela emuva enkathini ye-Tang. Isimo – sisontekile kancane, iphunga – izimbali nezithelo. Ngokungafani neQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane eliyisicaba, i-Juyan inomthamo omkhulu ngokwesimo futhi incomeleneyo ngokunambitheka.
I-Kaihua Long Ding (开化龙顶, Kāihuà Lóng Dǐng): Ikhiqizwa esifundeni saseKaihua entshonalanga yeZhejiang. Isimo – siqondile, sincane, sifana nenalithi. Iphunga – izimbali ne-castnut ezihlanzekile, ukunambitheka – kulula, kusha. IQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane lihluka ngesimo esiyisicaba kanye nokunambitheka okucebile, okuminyene.

Ekuphetheni:

IQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane – itiye elincane uma kubhekwa umlando wetiye lase China, kodwa umkhuba walo osheshayo kusuka ekubeni “i-Long Jing yechibi” engenagama iye ekubeni umkhiqizo onokuvikeleka ngokokuma kuzwelonke ukhombisa i-terroir engenasici kanye nobungcweti bamachwepheshe etiye aseZhejiang. Ngemuva kwayo yonke insika yetiye eyisicaba, enoboya kukhona i-ecosystem eyingqayizivele – ichibi elihlanzeke kakhulu phakathi kweziqhingi eziyinkulungwane, inhlabathi ene-acidi yasehlathini, inkungu yemvula. Iphunga likaphizi namantongomane, ukunambitheka okugcwele, okusha nokuhamba kwe-huigan kanye nemiqumbe enenyama, enwebekayo engaphansi kwetiye – konke lokhu kwenza iQabunga Lejade Laseziqhingini Eziyinkulungwane libe yindlela efanele ithathela indawo kulabo abazisa isitayela se-Long Jing, kodwa bafuna incazelo egcwele kakhulu, “eyeziqhingini”.