I-Qian Liang Cha · new.thetea.app

I-Qian Liang Cha iyitheyi elimnyama eliyisilinda elidume kakhulu elivela esifundeni sase-Ānhuà, elivalwe ngobhasikidi womhlanga wobambu (篾篓, mièlǒu). Le ngenye yezindlela ezikhangayo nezihlukile zezithela ezicindezelwe emhlabeni: isilinda esikhulu esinde cishe amamitha ayi-1.5 nobubanzi obungama-0.2, enesisindo sezinkulungwane zezindlela zakudala (cishe amakhilogremu angama-36.25), sakhiwa njengendlela “yokuthutha” yokuhweba ngamahamba ezindlela endleleni “Yetiye” (万里茶道, Wànlǐ Chádào). Umphenyi wetiye waseTaiwan u-Zeng Zhixian (曾至贤) encwadini yakhe ethi 《方圆之缘——深探紧压茶世界》 (2001) wabiza i-Qian Liang Cha ngokuthi “INkosi Yomhlaba Yetiye” (世界茶王, Shìjiè Cháwáng), futhi ubuciko bayo buchazwa njengendlela ephilayo yesiko letiye.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nokudabuka:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliphakwa ngemva kwe-ferment (itiye elimnyama, 黑茶, Hēichá). Ngokungafani ne-shu pu’er, i-Qian Liang Cha ayihambisani nokufakwa emanzini okwenziwa; ukuvutshelwa kwayo kwemvelo kwenzeka ngokwemvelo — ngenkathi yokomisa okude nokugcinwa.
Isigaba: Amatiye adumile aseChina; amatiye amnyama ase-Hunan (湖南黑茶, Húnán Hēichá). Ingxenye yomndeni wakwa “huā juǎn” (花卷, Huājuǎn — “umgqomo wezimbali”), oqukethe ne-Bai Liang Cha (百两茶, Bǎi Liǎng Chá — “itiye lezindlela eziyikhulu”) nezinye izinhlobo ezinobukhulu obuhlukile.
Indawo Yokukhiqiza: China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), isifunda sase-Ānhuà (安化县, Ānhuà Xiàn), itafula laseJiangnan (江南镇, Jiāngnán Zhèn), umzana wase-Bianjiang (边江村, Biānjiāng Cūn) — yindawo yomlando nesizinda esiyinhloko sokukhiqiza.
Izixhumanisi zomhlaba: Isifunda sase-Ānhuà sitholakala phakathi kwamaqondo angama-27°58′–28°38′ enyakatho nama-110°43′–111°58′ empumalanga, ezintabeni zaseXuěfēng (雪峰山, Xuěfēng Shān), eduze nomfula uZīshuǐ (资水, Zīshuǐ).
Amanye amagama: I-Hua Juan Cha (花卷茶, Huājuǎn Chá — “itiye lomgqomo wezimbali”); “INkosi Yomhlaba Yetiye” (世界茶王, Shìjiè Cháwáng).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

Umlando: Okwandulelayo kwe-Qian Liang Cha yi-Bai Liang Cha (百两茶) — isilinda esinesisindo sezindlela eziyikhulu, esakhiqizwa okokuqala esifundeni sase-Ānhuà ngesikhathi sokubusa kukamongameli u-Daoguang (道光, Dàoguāng) womndeni wakwaQing, cishe ngo-1820. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwakuholwa yizidingo zokuhamba: isimo esiyisilinda silungele ukuthuthwa, kanti isisindo esingaguquki senza ukuthengiselana kube lula.
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukamongameli u-Tongzhi (同治, Tóngzhì, 1862–1874), abahwebi betiye base-Shanxi (晋商, Jìnshāng) benkampani ethi “Sanhegong” (三和公) kanye nabaqambi bezingcikisho bomndeni wakwaLiu (刘氏, Liú shì) baseBianjiang bakhulisa ubukhulu besilinda bafinyelela ezindleni eziyinkulungwane, bakha i-Qian Liang Cha yangempela. Ubuciko babugcinwa buyimfihlo enkulu: umndeni wakwaLiu wawudlulisela ikhono emadodaneni kuphela, hhayi emadodakazini (传子不传女, chuán zǐ bù chuán nǚ).
Ngo-1952, ifektri yetiye kahulumeni i-Baishaxi (白沙溪茶厂, Báishāxī Cháchǎng) yamema izizukulwane zikaLiu ukuba zidlulise lobu buciko; kusukela ngo-1952 kuya ku-1958 kwakhiqizwa amasilinda angama-48 550. Ngo-1958, ngenxa yokuzikhandla okukhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwamiswa: izinto ezingavuthiwe zaqala ukucindezelwa zibe “yi-flower brick” (花砖, Huāzhuān) ngomshini.
Ngo-1981, ifektri i-Baishaxi yenza umzamo wokuvuselela isiko kanye — kwakhiqizwa amasilinda angama-327, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho ukukhiqizwa kwaphinde kwamiswa iminyaka eyi-16. Ukuvuselelwa kwangempela kwenzeka ngo-1997, lapho ososayensi betiye baseNingizimu Korea, bethola i-Qian Liang Cha eTaiwan, beyilandela e-Ānhuà futhi ba-oda amasilinda angaphezu kuka-300.
Ngo-2008, ubuciko bokukhiqiza i-Qian Liang Cha bangeniswa ohlwini lwesibili lwamagugu omdabu angewona abonakalayo eChina (国家级非物质文化遗产, Guójiājí Fēiwùzhì Wénhuà Yíchǎn). Ngo-2022, “Amasu endabuko okwenza itiye eChina namasiko ahlobene nawo” — kufaka phakathi ubuciko be-Qian Liang Cha — angena ohlwini lwamagugu omhlaba we-UNESCO.
Ngo-1983, eMnyuziyamu weSigodlo saseBeijing (故宫博物院), ngesikhathi kuhlolwa izinto zomuntu siqu zikamongameli u-Jiaqing (嘉庆, Jiāqìng, obusa 1796–1820), kwatholakala isilinda sakudala se-hua juan — manje okuyisibonelo esidala kunazo zonke ezaziwayo ze-Qian Liang Cha emhlabeni. Ekuqaleni sasithathwa ngokuyiphutha njenge-pu’er; ubunikazi bangempela batholakala ngo-2010 kuphela ngenxa yezimpawu zomhlanga wobambu emzimbeni wetiye.
Igama:
- “Qian” (千, qiān) — inkulungwane.
- “Liang” (两, liǎng) — indlela yasendulo yokukala yaseChina. Ngokohlelo lwezilinganiso lomndeni wakwaQing (izikali ezindala, 老秤, lǎochèng, lapho i-1 jin = 16 liang), izindlela eziyinkulungwane zilingana cishe namakhilogremu angama-36.25.
- “Cha” (茶, chá) — itiye.
- Ngaleyo ndlela, elithi “Qian Liang Cha” ngokwezwi nezwi lisho “itiye [elinesisindo] sezindlela eziyinkulungwane”. Igama elihlukile elithi “Hua Juan” (花卷) linezincazelo ezintathu: ukuluka komhlanga wobambu okunephethini eliyi-rhombus; ukuba khona kweziqu “zezimbali” (ezikhanyayo) ezintweni ezingavuthiwe; uphawu oluyizimbali olukhumulelwe emzimbeni wesilinda.
- Ngokomlando, kwakuhlukaniswa i-”Qizhou juan” (祁州卷, evela eQizhou, eShanxi) enesisindo esiyi-1000 liang ngempela, ne-”Jiangzhou juan” (绛州卷, evela eJiangzhou) enesisindo esiyi-1100 liang — kuye ngenhlangano yabahwebi baseShanxi.
Ukubaluleka kwesiko: I-Qian Liang Cha ifanekisela “amandla obuciko” (力量工艺) ase-Ānhuà, umfanekiso womsebenzi weqoqo kanye nekhono. Emakhulwini eminyaka, amatiye amnyama ase-Ānhuà ayeyisidingo esibalulekile kubantu abahambahambayo baseTibet, eMongolia naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga yeChina, elungisa ukuntuleka kwamavithamini ne-cellulose ekudleni okunenyama nobisi. Itiye lalingesona nje isiphuzo kodwa futhi laliyimali: “ukushintshaniswa kwetiye nehhashi” (茶马互市, chámǎ hùshì) — indlela ebalulekile yezomnotho yombuso waseChina. Ngo-2010, i-Qian Liang Cha yefektri i-Yongtaifu (永泰福) yayingenye yezinto eziyi-100 zaseChina embukisweni womhlaba i-Expo-2010 eShanghai.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Izinhlobo / I-Cultivar: Izinto ezingavuthiwe eziyinhloko yizinhlobo zezitshalo zomndeni wase-Ānhuà (安化群体品种, Ānhuà qúntǐ pǐnzhǒng), phakathi kwazo edlulele phambili i-Yúntáishān Dàyèzhǒng (云台山大叶种 — “Uhlobo Olunamaqabunga Amakhulu aseNtabeni i-Yúntáishān”). Leli yi-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, uhlobo olunamaqabunga amakhulu, olwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni njengesitshalo sikahulumeni ngo-1985 (ikhodi GS13024-1985) futhi lwafakwa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingama-21 ezihamba phambili zaseChina. Amaqabunga amakhulu ngokwedlulele futhi anyamana — e-Ānhuà bathi: “Iqabunga letiye lingagoqa usawoti, bese isiqu setiye sibe yisigwedlo”. Ngaphandle kwe-Yúntáishān Dàyèzhǒng, kusetshenziswa neminye imigqa yendawo: i-Zhūyèqí (槠叶齐), i-Báimáozǎo (白毛早).
Ukuvuna: Kwi-Qian Liang Cha kusetshenziswa izinto ezingavuthiwe zasehlobo nasekwindla, lapho amaqabunga esefinyelele ezingeni elanele lokuvuthwa nokuminyana.
Izinga lokuvuna: Amaqabunga avuthiwe ezigaba 2-3 (二三级黑毛茶, èrsānjí hēimáochá) kanye neziqu. Lokhu kuhlukile kakhulu kunamatiye amaningi aphakeme, lapho kuhlonishwa khona amahlumela athambile: kwi-Qian Liang Cha, iqabunga elivuthiwe kanye neziqu kuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo lapho kucindezelwa, kuqukethe ama-polysaccharides namaminerali amaningi, futhi kudala amandla okuguga isikhathi eside.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:

I-Terroir esemqoka yase-Ānhuà: Isifunda sase-Ānhuà sitholakala emithambekeni esenyakatho yezintaba zaseXuěfēng (雪峰山), eduze nomfula uZīshuǐ. Indawo yesifunda iyi-4950 km², indawo enezintaba ezineziqongo ezingama-63 ezingaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-1000 (esiphezulu siyi-1622 m). Izingadi zamatiye zisezingeni eliphakeme lokuhamba kwamanzi okungama-300–1000 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
I-Geology: I-Ānhuà ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni eziqoqiwe zezinsalela zeqhwa (tillite) (冰碛岩, bīngqìyán), ezineminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-600: lapha kutholakala ifinyelela ku-85% wamaminerali alolu hlobo emhlabeni. Ukuguguleka kwamatshe eqhwa kwakha inhlabathi ene-asidi, ekhipha amanzi kahle, ecebile ngama-organic nezakhamzimba ezincane, kufaka phakathi i-selenium: izinga eliphakathi le-selenium etiyeni lase-Ānhuà liyi-0.22 ppm — okuphindwe kabili kunenkambiso yaseChina, futhi okuphindwe kasikhombisa kunenkambiso yomhlaba.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu se-subtropical monsoon, esinezinkathi ezihlukile. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo liyi-16–17°C, imvula iyi-1600–1800 mm ngonyaka, umswakama ophakeme kanye nenkungu evamile. Isikhathi sokukhula kwesihlahla setiye singaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-7.
Ukutshala: Izingadi zendabuko ngokuvamile ziyizitshalo eziphila phakathi kwendawo (荒山茶, huāngshān chá) — izihlahla zamatiye ezikhula emahlathini ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okukhulu. Ukutshala ndawonye nezitshalo zezimbali nezamahlathi kunikeza ukuvikelwa kwemvelo ngokumelene nezilokazane futhi kuzinzisa isimo sezulu esincane.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Qian Liang Cha kungenye yezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezifuna umzamo omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wetiye. Wonke umjikelezo uhlela imisebenzi engama-23 (工序, gōngxù), eyenziwa ngesandla kuphela. Umsebenzi ungenzeka kuphela ezinyangeni ezishisayo (Julayi–Septemba), lapho izinga lokushisa nomswakama kudala izimo ezifanele zokuvutshelwa kwemvelo. Iqembu labaqambi (杠爷, gàng yé — “abaqambi bamapulanga”) liqala ukusebenza ngehora lesine ekuseni futhi lisebenza okungenani amahora ayi-10.

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Amaqabunga avuthiwe aneziqu — ukuvuna kwasehlobo nasekwindla.
Ukucubungula kokuqala — ukwakhiwa kwe-maocha emnyama (黑毛茶, hēimáochá):
1. Ukuvala (杀青, shāqīng): Ukumisa ukuphenduka kwama-enzyme ngokugazinga epanini. Kumatiye amnyama, ukuvala akusebenzi kangako kunamatiye aluhlaza — kugcinwa ingxenye yomsebenzi we-enzyme.
2. Ukusontwa kokuqala (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukucekela phansi isakhiwo samaseli ukuze kunikeze ijusi.
3. Ukucwiliswa okumanzi (渥堆, wòduī): Isigaba esibalulekile esakha isisekelo samatiye amnyama — ukuvubela okuhilela amagciwane endaweni eshisayo nemanzi ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama.
4. Ukusontwa kabusha (复揉, fùróu): Ukunikeza isimo sokugcina nokulinganisa ukukhishwa kwencasa.
5. Ukomisa ngomlilo wezinkuni zikaphayini (松柴明火烘焙, sōngchái mínghuǒ hōngbèi): Ukomisa kwendabuko kusiziko lezinkanyezi eziyisikhombisa (七星灶, qīxīng zào) kusetshenziswa izingodo zikaphayini, ezinikeza itiye inothi elincane lentuthu.
Ukulungiselela izinto ezingavuthiwe zokubumba: 6. Ukuhlunga nokuhlela (筛分拣剔, shāifēn jiǎntī): Ukususa okungewona awe, ukulinganisa ucezu. 7. Ukuhlanganisa (拼堆, pīnduī): Ukuhlanganisa amaqoqo ukuze kugcinwe ukunambitheka okungaguquki. 8. Ukuhlola ukoma / “ukwelula ngomlilo” (打火, dǎhuǒ): Ukuqinisa umswakama ngaphambi kokubumba.
Ukubumba isilinda: 9. Ukufutha (汽蒸, qìzhēng): Isitimu esishisayo sithambisa iqabunga, silenza libe lula ukuze licindezelwe. 10. Isikali nokuthela kubhasikidi (称重灌篓, chēngzhòng guàn lǒu): Izinto ezingavuthiwe zithelwa ogobolondweni oluyisilinda oluhlanganisa izingqimba ezintathu: ingaphakathi — amaqabunga e-liao (蓼叶, liǎoyè, Polygonum), phakathi — amaxolo esundu (棕片, zōngpiàn), ingaphandle — ubhasikidi wobambu ophothiweyo onephethini eyi-rhombus (花格篾篓, huāgé mièlǒu) owenziwe ngobambu olusha lwe-nánzhú (楠竹, nánzhú). Ubhasikidi ngamunye ufundelwa esiqongweni esisodwa sobambu futhi usetshenziswa kanye. 11. Ukucindezela ngamapulanga (杠压踩制, gàng yā cǎi zhì): Isigaba esikhangayo nesinzima kakhulu ngokomzimba. Iqembu labantu abambalwa licindezela itiye kusetshenziswa amapulanga (杠, gàng) — “ipulanga elikhulu” (大杠, dà gàng) “nepulanga elincane” (小杠, xiǎo gàng). Ipulanga elincane “liyisiteringi” sayo yonke inqubo: umqambi oyilawulayo unquma ukuminyana nokulingana kokucindezela. Lesi yisikhundla esidinga ikhono eliphezulu nesibopho. Ngesikhathi sokucindezela, abaqambi bacula izingoma ezinesigqi zomsebenzi-号子 (háozi), ezinikeza isigqi nokubambisana. 12. Ukubopha ngamakhola obambu: Izindandatho eziyisikhombisa zokubopha ngobambu (箍, gū) ziqinisa ukuma futhi zivimbele ukunwetsheka kwetiye.
Ukomisa nokuvuthwa: 13. Ukomisa ngokwemvelo “elangeni nasemazolo” (日晒夜露, rì shài yè lù): Amasilinda aqediwe abekwa ame mpo ezindaweni ezivulekile-上liàngpéng (晾棚). Phakathi nezinsuku “eziyisikhombisa-eziyisikhombisa namashumi amane nesishiyagalolunye” (七七四十九天) itiye liyashisa liyashunqiswa yilo ilanga, bese liyamanjiswa ngamazolo ebusuku. Kodwana imvula ayivumelekile — izindawo zivikelwe ngophahla. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwenzeka ukuvubela okuhamba kancane okuhilela amagciwane asendle. 14. Ukuvuthwa kwesikhathi eside (陈化, chénhuà): Ngemva kokoma, amasilinda ayathunyelwa ekugcinweni, lapho eqhubeka nokuvuthwa kancane, akha iphunga elithi “chénxiāng” (陈香, chénxiāng — “iphunga lokuvuthwa”). Ukupakishwa nomkhiqizo kwakheka ngesikhathi esisodwa — leli ukuphela kwetiye lapho isitsha siyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe.

6. Izici Zokuzwa:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isilinda esingaba ngu-1.5 m ubude, nobubanzi obungaba ngu-0.2 m, isisindo esiphelele singama-36.25 kg (nge-Qian Liang ejwayelekile; kukhishwa futhi izindlela ze-Bai Liang — 3.625 kg, i-Shi Liang — 362.5 g, njll.). Ingaphandle liyindwangu yobambu ephothiweyo enomdwebo oyirhombus. Uma sinqunywa: inqwaba eminyene yamaqabunga ansundu ngokumnyama, acishe abe mnyama aneziqu eziphawulekayo; ingaphezulu langaphakathi elimnyama-oyili, elicwebezelayo; isilinda sekhwalithi siminyene kangangokuba, ngokomlando, abahwebi baseShanxi babesicwilisela emanzini — futhi ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa umnyombo wawuhlala womile.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Liyinkimbinkimbi, linezingqimba eziningi. Etiyeni eliselincane — amathoni ezinkuni nezithako ezibabayo, iphunga elincane lentuthu yokomisa ngokaphayini, amanothi ezitshalo ezomile. Lapho seligugile, kuvela izithelo ezomisiwe, ama-prune, ukujula okuyikhowe, imibala yamantongomane. Emaqoqweni amadala (iminyaka eyi-10+) kuvela izimpawu zobusi ne-camphor ezinjenge “zemithi”.
Iphunga eliphuzwayo: Licebile, linophawu oluvelele lwe “chénxiāng” (iphunga lokuvuthwa). Okuvelele: izinkuni, amantongomane, izithako ezibabayo, izithelo ezomisiwe. Ngobambu olubophelelayo — umsuka omncane “oluhlaza” wobambu. Emaqoqweni avuthwe kahle — amathoni obusi, ezithelo kanye “neyikhowe” azwakala phezulu.
Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele, kuminyene, kunomzimba ovelele. Ubumnandi buqala ekuphuzweni kokuqala futhi bukhule buze buphele. Ubuthaka obuthambile abunalo ulaka. Kunamathoni ezinkuni namantongomane nezithako ezibabayo anezici zezithelo ezomisiwe nama-prune. Ukunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside, okumnandi, nge “huígān” (回甘, huígān — “ubumnandi obubuyayo”). Itiye libekezelela ukuphekwa kahle — umhluzi uba muhle, kodwa uthambe.
Umbala ophuzwayo: Kusuka kwi-amber emnyama kuya kunsundu omhole kakhulu; kwezibonelo ezivuthiwe — i-ruby-chestnut ejulile. Okuphuzwayo kucwebile, kunamafutha, kugcina ukukhanya isikhathi eside.
Umshini wetiye (iqabunga eliphuzisiwe): Amaqabunga amakhulu, aphelele aneziqu ezinombala onsundu omnyama, aqinile, anendlela efanayo. Ukungabikho kwephunga elingejwayelekile kanye “nokuhlanzeka” komshini wetiye kuyinkomba yekhwalithi.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Ukutholakala ezintweni ezingavuthiwe (i-Yúntáishān Dàyèzhǒng, ukuvuna kwasebusika, ihlumela elilodwa + amaqabunga amabili) — cishe kungu-22.6–23.4%. Ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa kwemvelo, ingxenye yama-catechin iguqukela kuma-thearubigin (茶红素) nakuma-theabrownin (茶褐素), okwenza ukunambitheka kuthambe futhi okuphuzwayo kube mnyama. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ematiyeni amnyama ase-Ānhuà (百两茶 / Bai Liang Cha) isilinganiso sama-catechin ayinkimbinkimbi (ester) kunalawo alula siphezulu kune-pu’er ne-Liu Bao, okwenza umsebenzi we-antioxidant uvelele kakhulu.
Ama-Amino Acid: Ukutholakala okuphelele ezintweni ezingavuthiwe cishe kungu-1.5–2.9% (kuya ngesizini). Kuhlanganisa i-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸), enomphumela omncane wokuphumuza ngaphandle kokulalisa. Ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, izinga lama-amino acid ekhululekile liba liphansi kancane.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱) cishe ingu-80–98 mg/g emkhicikweni (ephansi kunamatiye aluhlaza nabomvu), i-theobromine, i-theophylline. Ngenxa yokuvutshelwa kwemvelo, izinga le-caffeine etiyeni elimnyama liphansi kakhulu kunamatiye angavutshelwanga, okuyenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa kusihlwa.
Ama-Polysaccharide (茶多糖, chá duōtáng): Ukutholakala kuphakeme kakhulu kunamatiye aluhlaza nabomvu. Ama-polysaccharide asemanzini akha “ukushelela” kanye “nobumnandi” bokuphuzwayo, futhi kubhekwa emibhalweni yesayensi njengezinto ezingaba nabaqondisi bokugaya ama-carbohydrate.
Amavithamini: C (ezintweni ezingavuthiwe; kancane kancane ukonakala ekufakweni kwemvelo), eqenjini B (B₁, B₂), E, K.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-iron, i-fluoride, i-zinc, i-selenium. Ukutholakala kwamaminerali etiyeni elimnyama kuphakeme kunamatiye asemacembeni amancane, njengoba iqabunga elivuthiwe neziqu kuhlanganisa izakhi ezingaphili ezingaphezulu. I-selenium — uphawu lwamanye amatiye ase-Ānhuà.
Amafutha abalulekile nezinhlanganisela ezihwamukayo: Ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa kwemvelo, kwanda ingxenye yezinhlanganisela eziqukethe umoya-mpilo ezinomthelela ephungeni elijwayelekile “lokuvuthwa”; ingxenye yamafutha abalulekile ezitshalo (i-linalool, i-geraniol) iyancipha.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Ukusekela ukugaya: Amatiye amnyama ahlonishwa ngokwesiko ngekhono lawo “lokususa amafutha” (解油腻, jiě yóunì) — izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezikhuthaza ukuhamba kwesisu, zisize ekugayeni ukudla okunzima. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekudleni okunenyama nobisi.
Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenol, ama-thearubigin, nama-polysaccharide anekhono lokungabizi ama-radical akhululekile. Ukusebenza kuhlobene nesilinganiso esiphezulu sama-catechin ayinkimbinkimbi.
Umphumela omncane wokuqinisa: I-caffeine ihlanganiswe ne-L-theanine inikeza amandla ngaphandle kokujabulisa okunamandla; ngenxa yezinga eliphansi le-caffeine, itiye alimbangi ukuqwasha uma lisetshenziswa kusihlwa.
Ukugaya amafutha: Ucwaningo oluningana luhlobanisa ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwamatiye amnyama ase-Ānhuà nezinkomba ezingcono ze-cholesterol ne-triglyceride, kodwa lokhu akuthatheli ndawo izincomo zomuthi.
Isistimu ye-cardiovascular: Izakhiwo ze-polyphenol zisiza ekuqiniseni izindonga zemithambo kanye nokugcina ukunwebeka kwazo.
Ukushisisa: I-Qian Liang Cha inemvelo “efudumele” (性温, xìng wēn) ngokwesigaba somuthi wendabuko waseChina, okuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ngesikhathi esibandayo sonyaka.
Ukusekela amasosha omzimba: Izakhamzimba ezincane (ikakhulukazi i-selenium), ama-polysaccharide nezimpawu zama-polyphenol zisiza ekusekeleni imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba.
Imingcele: Abantu abazwa kakhulu i-caffeine, abanokuqunjelwa kwesisu noma izilonda kufanele baqaphele. Kunconywa ukugcina isikhawu samahora angu-1-2 phakathi kokuthatha imithi nokuphuza itiye.

9. Ukuphuza:

Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 95–100°C (amanzi abilayo agubhayo).
Ubuningi betiye: 5–7 g ngezingu-100–150 ml zamanzi (indlela ye-gongfu / yokuthela); 2–3 g ngezingu-250 ml (ukufaka isikhathi eside); 6–10 g ngezingu-500–800 ml (ukupheka).
Isitsha: Iketela lobumba lase-Yixing (宜兴紫砂壶, Yíxīng zǐshā hú) — liyindlela enhle: ubumba olunombotsheloa “lukhumbula” itiye futhi lukhulisa ukujula kwalo. I-gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) ilungele ukunambitha nokuhlola amanzi awodwa. Ukuze upheke — iketela eline-emaili, lobumba, noma lengilazi elinogodlana oluminyene.
Amanzi: Athambile noma anokusawoti okulingene. Amanzi aqine kakhulu “avala” ubumnandi futhi enze okuphuzwayo kube flat.
Inqubo:
1. Ukuhlukumeza itiye: I-Qian Liang Cha icindezelwe ngendlela eminyene kakhulu. Okokuqala isilinda sisikwa sibe yi-”washer” (izingcezu), bese kusuka kwi-washer kusetshenziswa ummese we-pu’er (茶针, cházhēn) noma isikhonkwane ukukhipha ngobunono ingxenye edingekayo, ulondoloze ukungawaphuli amaqabunga.
2. Ukufudumeza isitsha: Geza iketela noma i-gaiwan ngamanzi abilayo, ukhulise izindonga.
3. Ukugcwalisa itiye: Beka ingxenye enesilinganiso esifanele esitsheni esifudumeziwe.
4. Ukugeza (润茶, rùn chá): Thela amanzi abilayo, uyeke imizuzwana engu-5–10 bese uyachitha. Lokhu “kuvusa” iqabunga elicindezelwe ngokuqinile futhi kuhlanzise uthuli.
5. Ukuthela kokuqala: 95–100°C, ukulinda imizuzwana engu-10–15. Thela ku-chahai (公道杯, gōngdào bēi), bese uthela ezinkomishini.
6. Ukuthela okulandelayo: Kancane kancane yandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-5–15 ekutheleni ngakunye. I-Qian Liang Cha esezingeni eliphezulu ibekezelela ukuthela okuyisi-7–10 nangaphezulu, ivule izici ezintsha zokunambitheka ngokulandelana.
7. Ukupheka (煮茶, zhǔ chá): Kunconywa ikakhulukazi emaqoqweni avuthiwe (iminyaka engu-5+). 6–10 g yetiye ngamanzi angu-500–800 ml. Letha emathunjini alula, upheke imizuzu engu-1–3, ususe emlilweni bese uvumela ukuthi uvube eminye imizuzu engu-2–3. Umhluzi uba velethi, ugcwele futhi uthambe.

Izinto ezibalulekile eziqaphelekayo:

Ungakulibali: ukulinda isikhathi eside kakhulu kwenza ukunambitheka kube nokubaba okungadingekile.
Lalela itiye: lungisa isikhathi sokuthela ngokuya ngemizwa yakho.
I-Qian Liang Cha evuthiwe (iminyaka engu-15–20+) ingabekezelela ukuthela okuyishumi; ngokubika kochwepheshe, okuphuzwayo kuhlala kunephunga elimnandi ngisho nangemva kweviki lokumunca.

10. Ukugcina:

I-Qian Liang Cha yakhelwe ukugcinwa isikhathi eside futhi ngezimo ezifanele isuke ibe ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuthola ukunambitheka okuhle kunakho kungu-minyaka engu-5–15, yize izibonelo ezinekhwalithi ziphezulu ziqhubeka nokuthuthuka isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Indawo: Igumbi elimnyama, elingenisa umoya kahle elingenaphunga elibi. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlalisana nezithako ezibabayo, ikhofi, inhlanzi nokunye ukudla okunephunga — itiye elimnyama lingena kalula amaphunga angaphandle.
Izinga lokushisa: 15–25°C, ngaphandle kokushisa okudlulele nelanga eliqondile. Ukushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa kunomthelela omubi ohlelweni lokuvuthwa.
Umswakama: Olingene — cishe 50–70%. Uma komile kakhulu — itiye “liyama” futhi lilahlekelwa amandla okuthuthuka; uma inamanzi kakhulu — ingozi yesikhunta esingafuneki.
Isitsha: Kungcono ukugcina ephaketheni langempela lobambu, unikeze ukufinyelela komoya. Izitsha zobumba noma zobumba zizalungele, izikhwama zamaphepha nezendwangu zezinto zemvelo. Ukupakishwa okuvaliwe — kungokokugcina okwesikhashana kwamaqoqo azinzile.
Ukulawula: Ukunambitha izikhathi eziyisi-6–12 ngenyanga kusiza ukulandelela amandla okuvuthwa futhi kuhlole izinkinga ngokushesha.

11. Intengo Nezinto Ezingamampunge:

I-Qian Liang Cha iyitheyi elibizayo, ikakhulukazi ezibonelweni ezivuthiwe nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezimila endle (荒山茶). Intengo inqunywa:

Ubuningi betiye: Uma seligugile — libizayo; izibonelo ezindala (iminyaka engu-20–50+) zingabiza amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-yuan ngesilinda.
Izinga lezinto ezingavuthiwe: Ezasentwasahlobo > ezasehlobo; ezimila endle > ezitshalweni; ezinamaqabunga aphelele > izimvithi.
Isithunzi sefektri: Izimpawu ezaziwayo — i-Baishaxi (白沙溪), i-Yongtaifu (永泰福), i-Jinfenghou (晋丰厚) nezinye.
Izimo zokugcina: Izibonelo ezigcinwe ngokucophelela zihlonishwa ngokuphindwe kaningi.

Ungawakugwema kanjani amampunge:

Thenga kubathengisi abanokwethenjelwa: Izitolo ezikhethekile zamatiye, ezilungele ukusho unyaka, ifektri, iqoqo nezimo zokugcina. Cela izithombe zokusikwa kwesilinda.
Hlola ukubukeka kwangaphandle: Ukubopha ngobambu kufanele kucoceke; umzimba wetiye ekusikeni — kube mninyene, kufane, ngaphandle kwezikhala, ube mnyama-oyili futhi ucwebezela.
Hlola iphunga: Itiye elomile kufanele libe nephunga elihlanzekile lezinkuni nezithako ezibabayo. Ukubola, “ubumanzi”, izimpawu zamakhemikhali, izithasiselo zephunga ezingejwayelekile — ziyizimpawu zezinkinga.
Hlola okuphuzwayo: Umbala — umsulwa, kusuka emthubi omnyama kuya kunsundu omhole kakhulu, ucwebile. Ukungacaci nokunambitheka okungajwayelekile — yisignali eyethusayo.
Qaphela intengo ephansi ngendlela esolisayo: I-Qian Liang Cha yangempela ayikwazi ukubiza kancane — lokhu kungumsebenzi wezandla weqembu labaqambi kanye nokoma kwemvelo okude.

12. Izinto Ezihehayo:

“Itiye lempilo yonke”: Ngenxa yobukhulu baso obukhulu (36.25 kg), isilinda se-Qian Liang Cha kaningi sithengwa kanye futhi sihamba nesikhathi eside, futhi siyadluliselwa njengefa.
Okutholakele okungumbuso: Isibonelo esidala kunazo zonke esaziwayo se-Qian Liang Cha sigcinwe eMnyuziyamu weSigodlo saseBeijing — kuyipho elivela ngesikhathi sikaMongameli uJiaqing (ubusa 1796–1820), elatholakala ngo-1983 ezintweni zakhe zomuntu siqu.
Itiye elihlolwa ngamanzi: Ngokomlando, abahwebi baseShanxi ukuze bahlole ikhwalithi babecwilisa isilinda sonke emanzini — ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa umnyombo wawuhlala womile.
Izingoma zomsebenzi: Ngesikhathi sokucindezela, abaqambi-杠爷 bacula izingoma ezinesigqi-號子, umculo wazo, ngokusho kwabacwaningi, ukhumbuza izingoma zendabuko zaseShanxi — uphawu lokuthi ubuciko bazalwa ngokubambisana nabawebi baseShanxi.
“Okuthathu kokukodwa”: I-Qian Liang Cha ukuphela kwetiye lapho ukupakishwa (ubambu, amaxolo esundu, amaqabunga e-liao) kwakheka ngesikhathi esisodwa nomkhiqizo futhi kuyingxenye yobuchwepheshe, enomthelela ekunambithekeni: ubambu lunikeza umsuka omncane wezinkuni, kanti amaqabunga e-liao anothi lwetshala.
Irekhodi lomhlaba: Ngo-2010 e-Expo yaseShanghai — i-Qian Liang Cha yefektri i-Yongtaifu yaba ngenye “yezinto eziyi-100 zaseChina” futhi yathola umklomelo okhethekile wobuciko bendabuko.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Amnyama:

Nge-Fu Zhuan Cha (茯砖茶, Fú Zhuān Chá): Womabili angamatiye amnyama ase-Hunan, kodwa i-Fu Zhuan iyisitini esinophawu “oluphuzi ngegolide” lwesikhunta esithi Eurotium cristatum (金花, jīnhuā), olunikeza amanothi ekhowe namantongomane. I-Qian Liang Cha iyisilinda esingenayo “jin hua”, enepharafini ebonakalayo yezinkuni nezithako ezibabayo kanye namandla obumnandi bobusi nezithelo lapho ivuthwa isikhathi eside. (Qaphela: eminyakeni yamuva, abakhiqizi abaningana baqhamuke nobuchwepheshe “金花花卷” — i-Qian Liang Cha enegolide elihlanganisiwe, kodwa lokhu kungukuguqulwa, hhayi indlela yakudala.)
Nge-Liu Bao Cha (六堡茶, Liù Bǎo Chá): Itiye elimnyama laseGuangxi elinenothi elijwayelekile “elimanzi-elihlala” (槟榔香, bīnláng xiāng — iphunga le-betel) kanye nephrofayili ehlukile yokugcinwa esimweni sezulu esinomswakama. I-Qian Liang Cha yomile kakhudlwana, “ihlanzekile”, inesakhiwo esivelele sezinkuni nobumnandi.
Nge-Shu Pu’er (熟普洱, Shú Pǔ’ěr): I-shu pu’er idlula ekuvuthweni okusheshayo ngendlela ye-Wo Dui (渥堆), okunikeza ukunambitheka “kwenhlabathi” kwamaqabunga abolayo. I-Qian Liang Cha ivuba ngokwemvelo, njenge-Sheng Pu’er — iphrofayili yayo inezinkuni nezithako ezibabayo kakhulu, ingaphansi “kwenhlabathi”, inobumnandi obukhulayo bobusi.
Nge-Ya’an Zang Cha (雅安藏茶, Yǎ’ān Zàng Chá): Itiye lasemngceleni laseSichuan elimakethe yaseTibet — liqinile, linamandla, linophawu “olukhulu” weziphuzo ezinobisi nezinosawoti. I-Qian Liang Cha ngokuvamile imnandi futhi “inobusi” lapho ivuthwa, inephunga elinamandla kakhulu.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Qian Liang Cha iyisikhumbuzo setiye, umfanekiso wamasiko obuciko ase-Ānhuà aminyaka engamakhulu amabili. Isilinda sayo esikhulu sobambu, esizalwe ngumsebenzi weqoqo labaqambi ngaphansi kwezingoma ezinesigqi, sigcina amandla ezintaba zaseHunan, ingcebo yamaminerali yomhlabathi weqhwa kanye nokuhlakanipha kokuguqulwa kwamagciwane. Okuphuzwayo — okujulile, okubomvu-amber, okunephunga eliminyene lezinkuni nezithako ezibabayo kanye nobumnandi obuhlala isikhathi eside — kunikeza umuzwa wokuqina nokuthula. Leli yitheyi lalabo abazisa ubuqiniso, ubukhulu kanye nokubekezela: i-Qian Liang Cha ivuza ngeminyaka yokuvuthwa, ivula izici ezintsha zamathoni obusi, ezithelo kanye ne-camphor. Ukuyithinta kusho ukuthinta umlando ophilayo weNdlela Enkulu Yetiye.