Pùbù Máo Fēng

Pùbù Máo Fēng (瀑布毛峰, pùbù máo fēng) — “Isicongo esinoboya e-Waterfall” — itiye eliluhlaza elisuka edolobheni lase-Anshun (安顺市, Ānshùn Shì), esifundazweni sase-Guizhou, elitshalwe ezintabeni ezizungeze i- Waterfall i-Huangguoshu (黄果树瀑布, Huángguǒshù Pùbù) — impophoma enkulu kunazo zonke e-China futhi ingenye yezimpophoma ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni (ubude — ufinyelela ku-77,8 m, ububanzi — ufinyelela ku-101 m, okuwukuphela kwempophoma ebonakala kuzo zonke izinhlangothi eziyisithupha futhi enomhume wemvelo ngemuva kwekhethini lamanzi). Amasimu etiye atholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaba ngu-1200–1600 m ezintabeni ze-karst ezizungeze le mpophoma, anemboza yehlathi efika ku-87,6% (eduze kwempophoma — 95%). U-Lu Yu uchaze inhlabathi enhle yesihlahla setiye ngokuthi “烂石” — “itshe eligugile”; inhlabathi ye-karst yase-Anshun ingukufezeka okungokoqobo kwale nhloso.

I-Anshun ayilona nje kuphela “idolobha lezimpophoma” (中国瀑乡), kodwa futhi “idolobha le-tunpu” (屯堡文化之乡) — izindawo zokuhlala zamasosha eziyingqayizivele zangesikhathi se-Ming, ezigcine isiko lekhulu le-14 kuze kube namuhla. Yilezi “tunjun” (屯军, amasosha asesigodlweni) zama-Ming, ezathuthwa ngu-Zhu Yuanzhang zisuka e-Jiangnan ukuze zilawule ingxenye eseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-China, ezaletha isiko lokutshala itiye ezintabeni zase-Guizhou kanye namasu okucubungula athuthukile ekhulwini le-14. Embukisweni wezokuvakasha kunagaqa elithi: «看唐朝到西安，看宋朝到杭州，看明朝到安顺» — “Ukuze ubone i-Tang, yiya e-Xi’an; i-Song, yiya e-Hangzhou; i-Ming, yiya e-Anshun.” I-Pùbù Máo Fēng iyikhadi lokunambitha lale “myuziyamu ephilayo yama-Ming”: itiye elinesimo “sehhuku lokudoba” (鱼钩形), i-polyphenol engu-34,4%, ama-amino acid angu-4,65%, futhi ikwazi ukumelana nokuphakwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-7.

1. Isigaba soHlelo kanye neMvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga. Lengxenye igazingiwe / lengxenye yomisiwe (i-semi-chǎo, semi-hōng). Isimo — “ihhuku lokudoba” (鱼钩形, yúgōu xíng) futhi siyisonge (卷曲形, juǎnqū xíng) — isonge eliqinile eliyingqayizivele elinomkhawulo ogobile, okungatholakali kwezinye izifunda.

• Isigaba: Umkhiqizo we-Geographical Indication ye-PRC (国家地理标志产品, 2012). “Izinhlanu Ezinkulu Zamatiye ase-Guizhou” (贵州五大名茶, 2010). “Ishumi Elihamba Phambili Lamatiye e-China” (全国十大名茶, i-Shanghai, 2023). Umklomelo Okhethekile we-”Zhong Cha Bei” (中茶杯特等奖, 1994). Umkhiqizo Ongcono Kakhulu Onconyiwe we-Shanghai International Tea Culture Festival (1995). Ukudlula kumapharamitha angama-400+ e-EU.

• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guizhou (贵州省), idolobha lase-Anshun (安顺市): izifunda zase-Xixiu (西秀区), iPingba (平坝区), isifunda sase-Ziyun (紫云县). Izixhumanisi: 105°55′–106°35′ E, 25°55′–26°32′ N. Ingqikithi yekhwalithi: u-Laoluopo (老落坡, 1365 m, indawo enamafu nobumnyama), i-Bayang (坝羊, i-Se+Zn, i-EU-organic), indawo ezungeze i-Huangguoshu Waterfall (黄果树, 95% yehlathi).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando:

Isiko letiye lase-Anshun liqala ngama-”tunjun” ama-Ming — izifiki zamasosha zekhulu le-14. Ngo-1381 (u-Hongwu 14) u-Zhu Yuanzhang wayala ukuthi «调北征南, 调北填南» — ukuthumela amasosha angu-300,000 asuka e-Jiangnan (i-Jiangsu, i-Zhejiang, i-Anhui) aye e-Guizhou ukuze anqobe ukuvukela kombusi we-Yuan wase-Yunnan futhi ahlalise iningizimu-ntshonalanga. I-Anshun — «黔之腹、滇之喉、蜀粤之唇齿» (“isisu sase-Guizhou, umphimbo oya e-Yunnan, izindebe namazinyo aya e-Sichuan nase-Guangdong”) — yaba indawo yokulwa eyinhloko. Ngemuva kokunqoba, amasosha ayala ukuthi «屯田» — ukuhlala phansi nokulima umhlaba. Afika ephethe hhayi izikhali nezingubo kuphela (izingubo ezidumile “凤阳汉装” — “izingubo zama-Han zase-Fengyang”, ezisagqokwa yinzalo kuze kube namuhla, kanye nezifihla-buso ze-”dijiu” — umdlalo weshashalazi wezifihla-buso, owaba yifa elingaphatheki), kodwa futhi nezithombo zezihlahla zetiye namasu okucubungula itiye athuthukile ekhulwini le-14. Ngokwenganekwane, umthengisi omkhulu kunabo bonke e-China u-Shen Wansan (沈万三) wahlela mathupha amakharavani athumela itiye lase-Anshun nge-tunpu yase-Tianlong (天龙屯堡) liya enyakatho, eningizimu nasempumalanga. Kuze kube namuhla, e-Anshun kusasele izingxenye ze-”Chamagudao” — “Umzila Wasendulo We-Chamah” (茶马古道), iziteshi zeposi (茶马驿站) kanye nezindawo zokudlela (茶馆遗址), lapho itiye lalihamba khona eminyakeni engama-600 edlule.

I-Pùbù Máo Fēng yesimanje yasungulwa ngo-1991 ngochwepheshe be-Anshun Agricultural Bureau besebenzisa izinhlobo zendawo ezinamaqabunga aphakathi namancane. Ekuqaleni yayibizwa nge-”Huangguoshu Máo Fēng” (黄果树毛峰, “Isicongo Esinoboya Sase-Huangguoshu”). Ngo-1994 — Umklomelo Okhethekile we-”Zhong Cha Bei”. Ngo-1997 umkhiqizo oqoshiwe ‘瀑布’ (“Impophoma”) wabhaliswa. Ngo-2010 — yafakwa ku-”Five Great Guizhou Teas”. Ngo-2023 — “Ishumi Elihamba Phambili Lamatiye e-China” (i-Shanghai International Tea Culture and Tourism Festival).

• Igama: 瀑布 (Pùbù) — “impophoma” (kubhekiswe e-Huangguoshu); 毛峰 (Máo Fēng) — “isicongo esinoboya” — igama elijwayelekile lamatiye aluhlaza anothuli oluningi emaqabungeni. Incazelo egcwele: “Isicongo Esinoboya e-Waterfall”.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Anshun idolobha elisempambanweni yamasiko: izindawo zomhlaba ze-karst ezisezingeni lomhlaba (i-Huangguoshu — impophoma enkulu kunazo zonke e-China; i-Longgong — umhume omkhulu kunayo yonke onamanzi; i-Getuhe — “indawo enhle kakhulu eMhlabeni” ngokwesilinganiso sesazi sokuma komhlaba esingumFulentshi u-Richard Mayet), isiko eliphilayo le-tunpu lama-Ming (izindawo zokuhlala ezingama-300+ kusukela ekhulwini le-14), i-batik, “dijiu” (地戏, “umdlalo womhlaba” — umdlalo weshashalazi wezifihla-buso, “insalela ephilayo yomdlalo wase-China”). I-Pùbù Máo Fēng itiye elizalwe kule “nqikithi ebandayo” yemvelo nomlando: uma i-Huangguoshu iyi-Anshun yamehlo, “Pùbù” iyi-Anshun yokunambitha.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Izinhlobo / i-cultivar: Eyinhloko — Fuding Dabai Cha (福鼎大白茶), enoboya obunamandla futhi ikhula ngokushesha; isuka e-Fujian, kodwa yazivumelanisa kahle nesimo sezulu se-karst yasezintabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho — Anshun Zhuyeqing (安顺竹叶青, “Ikhabe eliluhlaza lase-Anshun”) kanye Xie Taicha (细叶苔茶, “Itiye elincane elinamagqabi amancane”) — amaqembu endawo anamagqabi amancane avumelana ne-karst terroir nenhlabathi ecebile nge-Se+Zn amakhulu eminyaka. Inhlanganisela yekloni lase-Fujian (uboya, ama-amino acid) kanye nezizukulwane zendawo (i-Se, i-polyphenol) yiyona edala iphrofayili yamakhemikhali eyingqayizivele ye-Pùbù. Izihlahla eziningi zinobudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-30, okwandisa ukugcwala kwamaminerali nokujula kokunambitha.

• Ukuqoqwa: Entwasahlobo — ngaphambi naseduze kwe-Qingming. Izinga: eliphakeme kakhulu — 90%+ amagqabhu angawodwa; elokuqala — igqabhu elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa; elesibili — igqabhu elilodwa + amaqabunga amabili. Isisindo sama-buds ayikhulu — cishe 45 g.

• Amagreyidi:

  • Eliphakeme Kakhulu (特级): 90%+ amagqabhu angawodwa. Iphunga le-chestnut. Ama-amino acid ≥4,0%. Kusukela ku-500 yuan / 500 g.
  • Elokuqala (一级): Igqabhu elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa ≥80%. Ithoni ye-honey. I-polyphenol ≥30%.
  • Elesibili (二级): Igqabhu elilodwa + amaqabunga amabili. Intengo — ngokutholakala.

4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

I-Anshun isenkabeni ye-Guizhou — “ugebhezi” lwethafa lase-Yunnan-Guizhou — endaweni ephakeme eyi-1200–1600 m, endaweni ye-classical karst relief.

• Isimo sezulu: Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-14–15 °C. Izinsuku ezinamafu — 200+ ngonyaka. Umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi nobusuku nosuku ukhuthaza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid. Ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kuyabusa.

• Inhlabathi: Izinkumba eziphuzi nezibomvu (黄壤/黄红砂壤, pH 4,5–6,5). Icebile nge-Zn ne-Se. Isisekelo se-karst — “烂石” (itshe eligugile), elichazwe ngu-Lu Yu ngokuthi “uhlobo olungaphezulu [olungcono kakhulu] lwenhlabathi yetiye” (《茶经》: «其地，上者生烂石，中者生砾壤» — “Inhlabathi engcono kakhulu iyitshe eligugile; ephakathi nendawo iyinhlabathi enobumuncu”). Izinqwaba ze-karst zase-Anshun — i-mosaic yemvelo ye-limestone, i-dolomite ne-sandstone, ezicekelwa phansi amandla amanzi nomoya izigidi zeminyaka, — ziwukufezeka ngokoqobo kwale ncazelo eneminyaka eyi-1200. Zicebile ngamaminerali: i-silicon, i-manganese, i-iron. Isaga sendawo: «自古煤山出好茶» — “Kusukela kudala izintaba zamalahle ziveza itiye elihle” — inhlabathi enesihlabathi enezakhi zamalahle, ejwayelekile e-Anshun, ihlinzeka ngokudonsa, ukungena komoya kanye nokudla okunamaminerali.

• Izemvelo: Ukumbozwa kwamahlathi — 87,6% (eduze kwempophoma i-Huangguoshu — 95%). Izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali nezivundisi azivunyelwe. Ukudlula amapharamitha angama-400+ e-EU. Isimiso se-karst yase-Anshun singesinye sezinto ezihlanzekile kakhulu e-China: akukho zimboni, ukuhlungwa kwamanzi ngezihlungi zemvelo ze-karst. Uthuli lwamanzi oluvela emiphophomeni yase-Huangguoshu (izimpophoma eziyi-18 zakha “umndeni”, omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni ngokusho kwe-Guinness) ludala isimo sezulu esincane sokuba nomswakama oqhubekayo emithambekeni ezungeze impophoma — izihlahla zetiye lapha zithola hhayi amanzi emvula kuphela, kodwa nenkungu yempophoma. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zamahlathi e-karst zihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwemvelo ezilokazaneni: amalulwane, izicabucabu nezinambuzane ezidlayo zilawula inani lezinambuzane zetiye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

• Ukubekeka (摊青): amahora ama-3–5.

• Ukumisa ukuhlaza (杀青): I-rotary drum, 180–220 °C.

• Ukusonga kancane (揉捻): Ngobumnene — ukugcina uboya bungenakulimala (保毫).

• “Ukugoqa nokuphakamisa uboya” (搓团提毫, cuōtuán tíháo): Isinyathelo esiyinhloko nesinzima kakhulu — ukwakha ngesandla “ihhuku lokudoba”. Ingcweti igoqa ikhasi ngezandla zayo ibe yizonge eziqinile ezinomkhawulo ogobile, kuyilapho “iphakamisa” uboya ukuze bume busaqondile. Umnyakazo ufana “nokugoqa ibhola” — kodwa ngokuqondiswa okulawulwayo, okwakha “ihhuku” eliyingqayizivele. Inqubo ithatha imizuzu eyi-15–20 ngeqoqo ngalinye futhi idinga ukulawulwa okuqhubekayo kwezinga lokushisa lezandla. Kusetshenziswa amathuluzi woqalo nokhuni kuphela — insimbi ayifakwa nhlobo (ibanga i-oxidation kanye nokunambitheka kwensimbi).

• Ukomisa (烘干): 80 °C, kancane, kuze kufike umswakama ≤7%.

• Isici esikhethekile: Yonke inqubo — kusukela ekuqoqweni kuya ekupakisheni — yenziwa ngaphandle kokuthintana nensimbi: izitsha zikalo, amathreyi okhuni, amafosholo woqalo. Lesi ngesinye samatiye aluhlaza ase-Guizhou “asenziwe kahle kakhulu” ngezandla.

6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Izonge eziqinile ezimise “njengamahhuku okudoba” (鱼钩形) — isimo esiyingqayizivele e-Anshun: eqinile, elingasho lutho, elinomkhawulo ocijile ogobile. Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani onombala oqhakazile onothuli olusiliva oluningi (翠绿油润显银毫).

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: I-chestnut (栗香, lì xiāng) — enamandla, egcwele. I-green ehlanzekile (清香). “Uboya” (毫香, háo xiāng) — iphunga elincane lommbila, elijwayelekile ematiyeni anothuli oluningi.

• Iphunga lokuphisa: I-chestnut ehlanzekile, ezinzile. Lapho iphola — amanothi amancane “wesinkwa” nawe-”millet”.

• Ukunambitheka: Okusha nokuthambile (鲜醇). Kunoshukela omnandi (甘). Ukunambitheka okubuyayo — kucacile futhi kuzinzile (回甘明显). Ubuhlungu nobumuncu buncane kakhulu.

• Umbala wokuphisa: Uluhlaza okotshani, ogqamile futhi okhanyayo (翠绿清澈透亮).

• Izingcaphuno zetiye eziphekwe: Ezintofontofo, ezifanayo, “eziphilayo” — eziphuzi ziluhlaza (嫩匀鲜活、黄绿明亮).

• Ukumelana: 7+ izikhathi zokuphisa — esinye sezinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza. Isimo esiqinile esiyisonge “sehuku lokudoba” sikhipha izinto kancane kancane.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• I-Polyphenol (茶多酚): ≥34,4% — esinye sezinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza ase-Guizhou nase-China jikelele.

• Ama-amino acid (氨基酸): ≥4,65% — kubangelwa izinsuku ezingama-200+ zenkungu, ukukhanya okuhlakazekile namaminerali e-karst.

• I-Caffeine (咖啡碱): 4,23% — ephezulu, inika umphumela onamandla wokuvuselela.

• Amaminerali: Se + Zn — avela enhlabathini ye-karst. I-silicon, i-manganese, i-iron.

• Izinto ezikhishwa emanzini: ≥40% (kwegreyidi yesibili) — izinga eliphezulu, elenza ukuthi kuphuzwe okugcwele.

8. Izinzuzo Ezinempilo:

• Ukuvikelwa okunamandla kwe-antioxidant: I-Polyphenol engu-34,4% — phakathi kweziphezulu kakhulu ematiyeni aluhlaza.

• Umphumela wokuvuselela: I-Caffeine engu-4,23% ngokubambisana ne-L-theanine — amandla ngaphandle kovalo.

• Ukusekela ukugaya: Ama-catechin akhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha.

• Ukunothiswa kwe-Se+Zn: Kusuka enhlabathini ye-karst yase-Anshun.

• Kubalulekile: Lezi zakhiwo ezibaluliwe zisekelwe emininingwaneni ejwayelekile futhi azisona iseluleko sezokwelapha. Akunconywa ukuphuza esiswini esingenalutho. Amanzi >90 °C abhubhisa i-L-theanine futhi anika ubumuncu. Thela eceleni kwengilazi — ungatheli ngqo eqabungeni (kukhukhula uboya, kwenza ukuthi kuphuzwe kube nokungcola).

9. Ukuphuza:

• Indlela eshisayo: 85–90 °C, 3 g ku-150 ml (1:50). Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu — indlela yokuthelela phezulu (先水后茶). Thela eceleni kwengilazi (沿杯壁缓流), hhayi eqabungeni. Ukuphisa kokuqala — umzuzu owodwa, okulandelayo ngakunye + imizuzwana engama-20. 7+ izikhathi zokuphisa.

• Indlela ebandayo (冷泡法): 1 g ku-50 ml wamanzi abandayo. Imizuzu engama-30 esiqandisini. Ubumnandi — +20% ngokuqhathaniswa nokuthela okushisayo. Indlela: emazingeni aphansi okushisa, ama-amino acid (ubumnandi, “umami”) akhishwa kakhulu, kanti i-polyphenol (ubumuncu, ubuhlungu) — kancane kakhulu. Umphumela ubumnandi obumsulwa, “obumnandi” ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Kuhle ehlobo lase-Guizhou (izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lase-Anshun ngu-14–15 °C, kodwa ehlobo — kuze kufike ku-28–30 °C; abantu bendawo baphuza “Pùbù” ebandayo njengesiphuzo esiqabulayo).

• Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi — ukubuka “amahhuku okudoba”, evuleka kancane emanzini.

10. Ukugcina:

• Izinga lokushisa: 0–5 °C, ivaliwe ngokuphelele.

• Ukukhanya: Ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele.

• Isikhathi: Itiye elisha — izinsuku eziyi-7 “zokuphumula” ukukhipha “umlilo”. Ngemuva kokuvulwa — izinsuku eziyi-10.

11. Intengo kanye Nokukhwabanisa:

I-Pùbù Máo Fēng itiye lesegimenti yamanani aphakathi nendawo ukuya phezulu. Eliphakeme kakhulu — kusukela ku-500 yuan/500 g; elokuqala — 200–500 yuan; elesibili — litholakala ngokuthengekayo.

• Ukugwema ukukhwabanisa: I-GI “瀑布毛峰”, umkhiqizo “瀑布”. Isimo — “amahhuku okudoba” (鱼钩形). Iphunga le-chestnut. 7+ izikhathi zokuphisa — isivivinyo sokumelana.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Impophoma enkulu kunazo zonke e-China. I-Huangguoshu (黄果树瀑布) — ubude bufinyelela ku-77,8 m, ububanzi bufinyelela ku-101 m — iyona kuphela impophoma emhlabeni engabukwa kuzo zonke izinhlangothi eziyisithupha, kuhlanganise nangaphakathi (ngomhume wemvelo “Ikhethini Lamanzi” — 水帘洞, Shuǐlián Dòng — ngemuva kodonga lwamanzi; esikweni labantu lo mhume uyahlotshaniswa nendawo yokuhlala ka-Sun Wukong evela ku-”Uhambo Oluya ENtshonalanga”, futhi ochungechungeni lwethelevishini lwango-1986 isigcawu “Umphakathi Ngemuva Kwempophoma” sathwetshulwa lapha ngempela). Umhambi wesi-Ming u-Xu Xiake (徐霞客), owavakashela impophoma ngo-1638 phakathi nohambo lwakhe olukhulu lokugcina, wabhala: «一溪悬捣，万练飞空» — “Umfudlana owodwa ushaya, ulenga [esibhakabhakeni], amabhulukwe ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi ezindiza emkhathini.” Lena incazelo yokuqala enemininingwane yemibhalo ye-Huangguoshu. Amasimu etiye ase-Pùbù asemakhilomitheni ambalwa ukusuka kulesi simangaliso.

• “Ukuze ubone i-Ming — yiya e-Anshun.” «看唐朝到西安，看宋朝到杭州，看明朝到安顺» — isaga sabavakashi. Ama-tunpu angama-300+ (屯堡) — izindawo zokuhlala zamasosha zekhulu le-14 — zigcine izingubo zama-Ming (凤阳汉装, “izingubo zama-Han zase-Fengyang” — abesifazane basahamba ngezingubo ezinde eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinemikhono ebanzi, njengoba kwakugqokwa esikhathini sama-Ming), umdlalo weshashalazi wezifihla-buso “dijiu” (地戏, “umdlalo womhlaba” — amaqhawe agqoke izifihla-buso zokhuni adlala izigcawu ezivela ku-”Three Kingdoms” naku-”Water Margin”; athathwa njengensalela ephilayo yomdlalo wase-China), ukudla kanye nezakhiwo zamatshe. Itiye lafika lapha kanye nala masosha — futhi, njengezingubo zabo nomdlalo, lagcina i-”DNA” yobuchwepheshe yase-Jiangnan yekhulu le-14.

• “Ihhuku lokudoba” (鱼钩形). Isimo esiyingqayizivele — isonge eliqinile elinomkhawulo ocijile ogobile, okungatholakali kwezinye izifunda zetiye e-China. Yisona esenza ukuthi kube nezikhathi eziyisilinganiso esingu-7+ zokuphisa: “ihhuku” eliqinile livuleka kancane, likhiphe izinto ngezingqimba — kuqala ama-amino acid (ubumnandi bezikhathi zokuqala), bese kuba i-polyphenol (ukumunca kwezakamuva). Ukuqhathanisa: itiye elijwayelekile eliluhlaza elinesimo esisongekile limelana nezikhathi zokuphisa ezi-3-5, kanti elisicaba (i-Long Jing) — ezi-2-4.

• I-polyphenol engu-34,4%. Enye yezinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwawo wonke amatiye aluhlaza ase-China. Ukuqhathanisa: itiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile — 20–30%.

• U-Lu Yu kanye “nalitshe eligugile”. «其地，上者生烂石» — “Inhlabathi engcono kakhulu [yetiyela] iyitshe eligugile.” Inhlabathi ye-karst yase-Anshun iwukufezeka ngokoqobo kwale ncazelo eneminyaka eyi-1200.

• Ihlathi elingama-95% eduze kwempophoma. Indawo ezungeze i-Huangguoshu ingesinye sezinto eziphilayo “ezinamahlathi” kakhulu e-China: izihlahla, ubulembu, ama-fern, nama-orchid akha “inkinsumfana eluhlaza”, lapho izihlahla zetiye zithola ukukhanya okuhlakazekile nomswakama oqhubekayo ovela othulini lwamanzi.

• Ngaphandle kwensimbi. Uqalo nokhuni kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza — kusukela ekuqoqweni kuya ekomiseni. Insimbi ayifakwa: ibanga i-oxidation nokunambitheka okunensimbi.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza ase-Guizhou:

• Meitan Cui Ya (湄潭翠芽, Méitán Cuì Yá): I-Guizhou esenyakatho. Isimo esiyisicaba. Iphunga le-chestnut. “Likhulu” futhi litholakala kalula. I-Pùbù — isimo esiyisonge “sehuku”, i-polyphenol ephezulu (34,4% vs ~28%).

• Duyun Mao Jian (都匀毛尖, Dōuyún Máo Jiān): I-Guizhou eseningizimu, “itiye leshumi elidumile lika-Mao Zedong” (1956). Isimo esiyisonge sinoboya obuningi. Iphunga — elihlanzekile, ngaphandle kwephunga le-chestnut eliqinile. “Liyathambile” futhi “linjengezimbali”. I-Pùbù — “inamandla kakhudlwana”, “iqinile” futhi ihlala isikhathi eside (7+ vs 4-5 izikhathi zokuphisa). Zombili zivela ezindaweni ze-karst zase-Guizhou, kodwa i-Duyun ivela ku-”Maojian Zhongzhong” (毛尖种) enamaqabunga amancane, kanti i-Pùbù ivela ku-Fuding Dabai Cha.

• Lübaoshi Cha (绿宝石茶, Lǜbǎoshí Chá): I-Guizhou esenkabeni (i-Guiyang), “I-Green Emerald”. Inamaqabunga amakhulu (igqabhu elilodwa + amaqabunga amabili-ntathu), ihlala isikhathi eside (6+ izikhathi zokuphisa), igcwele. I-Pùbù — “ithambile kakhulu” (igreyidi ye-bud), inesimo “sehuku” nama-amino acid aphezulu.

Ekupheleni:

I-Pùbù Máo Fēng itiye elizalelwe “endaweni yokuchaphaza” yempophoma enkulu kunazo zonke e-China, phezu kwe-karst “烂石” — yona kanye inhlabathi “yetshe eligugile” u-Lu Yu alibiza ngokuthi “inhle kunayo yonke yetiye” emakhulwini ayishumi nambili eminyaka adlule. Ama-”hhuku” alo okudoba — izonge eziqinile eziluhlaza-okwesiliva — zivuleka engilazini izikhathi eziyisikhombisa nangaphezulu, zikhipha iphunga le-chestnut kanye ne-polyphenol engu-34,4%. Ngemuva kwenkomishi ngayinye kunomlando weminyaka engama-600 wamasosha ama-Ming, aletha itiye lisuka e-Jiangnan liya ezintabeni zase-Guizhou, kanye nezinkulungwane eziyishumi zamabhulukwe aziwayo endaweni engenalutho e-Huangguoshu. Phuza ngo-85 °C, uthele eceleni kwengilazi — futhi uvumele “amahhuku” akutshele indaba yempophoma, itshe, kanye nabantu abagcine isiko lama-Ming liphila kuze kube namuhla.