Pǔān Hóngchá

• Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá) — elibilisiwe ngokuphelele (e-oxidized).
• Isigaba: Amatiye abomvu aseShayina; umkhiqizo ovikelwe ngokwendawo (地理标志产品). Ukhishwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: gongfu hongcha (工夫红茶) kanye ne-hong suicha (红碎茶, itiye elibomvu eliyimbudumbudu) ngokwezinga lendawo DB52/T1162-2016.
• Imvelaphi: UShina, isifundazwe sase-Guizhou (贵州省, Guìzhōu Shěng), Isifunda Esizimele Sase-Qianxinan Sama-Buyi Nama-Miao (黔西南布依族苗族自治州, Qiánxīnán Bùyīzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu), isifunda sase-Pu’an (普安县, Pǔān Xiàn). Indawo eyinhloko yokukhiqiza — ilokishi lase-Jiangxipo (江西坡镇, Jiāngxīpō Zhèn), elaziwa njengengqikithi yendawo yetiye enkulu kakhulu.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: ≈ 25.8°N, 104.9°E.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: I-Pu’an ingesinye sezindawo zasendulo zetiye emhlabeni. Ngo-1980, emngceleni wezifunda zase-Pu’an nase-Qinglong (晴隆) ezintabeni zase-Yuntou Dashan (云头大山), kwatholakala isithelo setiye esasiyinsalela, esachongwa i-Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences njengomhlwanyela wetiye oyinsalela oyisigabane emhlabeni wonke (四球古茶籽化石), osukwini olungaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.64. Lokhu kutholwa kwaqinisekisa isikhundla se-Pu’an njengenye yezindawo lapho kudabuka khona isitshalo setiye.

  Ngaphandle kwalefa lensalela, kulesi sifunda kusenabantu abaningi kakhulu emhlabeni bezihlahla zetiye zasendle ezinezigaba ezine (Camellia tetracocca) — ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili, kuzo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu ezineminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane. Imithombo yasendulo ibhala ukuhweba kwetiye okwakudlula ezindaweni ezisele ze-Chamagudao (茶马古道, indlela yetiye namahhashi) kanye nezimpawu zempucuko yase-Yelang (夜郎).

  Umlando wanamuhla we-“Pu’an Hong” njengophawu lwentengiso uqala ngo-2015, lapho unobhala wesikhashana wekomidi lesifundazwe le-CPC eGuizhou, esenambitha itiye lendawo elibomvu “Fu Niang” (福娘茶), waliqamba ngokuthi “Pu’an Hong” futhi walifaka ohlwini lwamatiye abalulekile esifundazwe. NgoJanuwari 2016, isifunda sasayina isivumelwano sokusebenzisana ne-“Zhengshantang” (正山堂), inkampani ehamba phambili yetiye elibomvu lase-Fujian (abadali be-Jin Jun Mei). Lobu budlelwano bavumela ukusetshenziswa “kobuchwepheshe be-Jin Jun Mei” emathini amakhulu endawo, okwakha umugqa “Zhengshantang · Pu’an Hong” (正山堂·普安红). Ngo-2017, kwasungulwa ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe i-“Guizhou Zhengshantang Pu’an Hongcha” lemalini eyinkunzi eyizigidi ezingamashumi amahlanu zama-yuan, lihlome ngomshini wokukhiqiza osezingeni lesimanje. Ngo-2019, umkhiqizo wathola “Umklomelo Omkhulu Wegolide” (大金奖) emcimbini wokuhlola izinga lomhlaba wonke wamatiye abomvu, kwathi ngo-2022 — “Inkosi Yetiye Legolide” (金奖茶王) emqhudelwaneni “Zhong Cha Bei” (中茶杯). Ngo-2024, isifunda sase-Pu’an saklotshiswa ngesiqu esithi “Isizinda Esibalulekile Sikazwelonke Sendlela Yetiye Elisheshayo Esezingeni Eliphezulu” (全国优质早茶核心产区) yi-China Tea Marketing Association. Ngalo nyaka, indawo yamasimu etiye eyatshalwa yafinyelela ku-131,000 mu (≈ 8,700 ha), kanti umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wetiye elomile wafinyelela kumathanani angu-9,700 ngenani eliphelele lemicimbi eyizigidi eziyinkulungwane eziyi-13.28 zama-yuan.

• Igama: 普 (pǔ) — “yonke indawo, jikelele”; 安 (ān) — “ukuthula, uxolo”. Igama lendawo elithi Pu’an lisho “ukuthula jikelele”. 红茶 (hóngchá) — “itiye elibomvu”. Uphawu lwentengiso luvame ukuhambisana nesiqubulo esithi “Qian cha di yi chun” (黔茶第一春, “Intwasahlobo yokuqala yetiye lase-Guizhou”), okugcizelela ukuqala kokuvuna kuqala kakhulu kunakho konke.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Pu’an ineziqu eziningi ezihloniphekile: “Izwe Lamahlathi Asendulo Etiye eShayina” (中国古茶树之乡), “Izwe Lamasiko Etiye eShayina” (中国茶文化之乡), “Elinye Lamadolobhana Etiye Athandeka Kakhulu eShayina”. Isiko letiye lixubene kakhulu namasiko abantu bakwa-Buyi (布依族, Bùyīzú): itiye liyingxenye ebalulekile yemikhuba yabo yokungenisa izihambi, imicimbi yomshado kanye nomkhosi waminyaka yonke “wokunikezela ngezihlangu konkulunkulu wetiye” (祭茶), owenziwa ekuqaleni kokuvuna endaweni engcwele yase-Chashen Gu (茶神谷). Kusukela ngo-2016, kuba nomkhosi waminyaka yonke we-Pu’an Ancient Tea Culture Festival. I-Pu’an Hong Cha ifakiwe kusethi yesipho “Qian Huo Chu Shan — Gui Li” (黔货出山·贵礼), ehlanganisa izimpawu zase-Guizhou kanye ne-Maotai liquor.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nemathiriyeli:

• Ukuhlukahluka / I-Cultivar: Imithombo eyinhloko yemathiriyeli: itiye lasendle elinezigaba ezine (Camellia tetracocca, 四球茶, sìqiú chá) — uhlobo lomdabu oluncane oluyihlahla (小乔木, xiǎo qiáomù) olunamahlumela angenawo ubulembu kanye nezimpukane ezincane ezingaphezulu, olucebile ngama-pectin, polyphenol, futhi olungele ikakhulukazi ukwenza itiye elibomvu; imiphakathi yendawo (群体种); kanye nezitshalo ezethulwa zohlobo lwamakhasi amakhulu okuqalwa e-Yunnan — i-Pu’an ingesinye sezifunda zokuqala zase-Guizhou ukuqala ukutshalwa kwe-Camellia sinensis var. assamica.
• Ukuvunwa: Ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu — ngenxa yamandla e-geothermal kanye ne-latitude ephansi (25°N), izimpukane zetiye ziqhakaza ngoDisemba–Januwari. Ukuvunwa okukhulu kwasentwasahlobo kuqala maphakathi noFebruwari, kudlula ezindaweni eziningi zetiye zaseShayina ngokungamahora angu-10–20. Isisho sendawo sithi: “NgoNyaka Omusha siphuza itiye elisha” (大年三十喝新茶). Ukuvunwa kwasehlobo nasekwindla nakho kuyenziwa.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Impukane eyodwa kanye nekhasi elilodwa noma amabili (一芽一叶 / 一芽二叶) ku-gongfu; emugqeni osezingeni eliphezulu “Zhengshantang · Pu’an Hong (Xi)” (曦) — kuphela izimpukane ezizimele (单芽) ezivela emathini amakhulu endawo.
• Izidingo zemathiriyeli: Ikhasi elisha, elingenakukhinyabeka; kudingeka ukucutshungulwa ngokushesha ukuze kugcinwe ubuthakathaka. Imathiriyeli ye-organic — ukungabikho kongcola emoyeni, enhlabathini namanzi kuqinisekiswa izitifiketi eziningi.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokulima:

• Ubude obuphezulu bokutshalwa: Ubude obumaphakathi bamasimu etiye bucishe bube ngu-1,400 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Ezinye izindawo zezihlahla zasendle ezinezigaba ezine zifinyelela ku-1,700–1,800 m. Umehluko wokuphakama esifundeni mkhulu, okudala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezulu ezincane.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esiphakathi nendawo esomile nesishisayo esinamandla emvula (中亚热带湿润季风气候). Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-Pu’an “ukuphakama okuphezulu, i-latitude ephansi, ukukhanya okuncane, inkungu eningi” (高海拔、低纬度、寡日照、多云雾). Ubusika bupholile (bungenazikhukhula ezimbi kakhulu), ihlobo alishisi kakhulu; imvula eningi, umswakama ophakeme kanye nokuguquguquka kwesibhakabhaka okujwayelekile kunikeza ukukhanya okusakazekile — izimo ezifanele zokuqongelela ama-amino acid kanye nokunciphisa ukubaba kwama-catechin.
• Inhlabathi: Ngokuyinhloko inhlabathi ye-humus ephilayo (有机腐殖土), eyakhiwe phezu kwamadwala angama-carbonate kanye nama-slate. Ine-acidic encane (pH 4.5–6.0), icebile nge-zinc ne-selenium. Ukungabikho kongcola lwezimboni kanye nomthamo ophansi wezinsimbi ezinzima kuqinisekiswa izitifiketi.
• Ezolimo: Kulawulwa kakhulu ukulima kwemvelo; isifunda sinesimo “endawo yombukiso kazwelonke yokuphepha ngezinga lokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yokudla yezolimo (itiye)” (国家级出口食品农产品质量安全示范区). Amasimu etiye anesilinganiso esiphelele sezinkulungwane eziyi-18.3 (≈ 12,200 ha) ahlanganisa izinkampani zetiye ezingaphezu kweziyikhulu, kubandakanya nebhizinisi elilodwa lezinga likazwelonke. Ukwandiswa kwetiye elinezigaba ezine kusetshenziswa indlela yezitshalo ezisikwayo ngosizo lweqembu le-University of Guizhou (贵州大学) ngaphansi kukaprofesa Niu Suzhen; izinga lokuphila lezitshalo ezisikwayo lenyuswe lisuka ku-25% laya ku-80%.

Imininingwane ebalulekile: “Uchwepheshe wabantu” (土专家) uMa Taike ovela emzaneni wase-Hama elokishini lase-Qingsha uneminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi enza umsebenzi wokukhethwa kwetiye elinezigaba ezine, ehlose ukwandisa umthamo wezitshalo zentengiso ezitshalwayo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwezakhi zofuzo zalolu hlobo oluyingqayizivele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo — i-classic gongfu hongcha, engezwele okunye okusha “kobuchwepheshe be-Jin Jun Mei” (骏眉工艺), okwalethwa ubudlelwane ne-“Zhengshantang”. Izinga lendawo DB52/T1162-2016 lichaza izinhlobo ezimbili zomkhiqizo: gongfu hongcha kanye ne-hong suicha.

• Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukukhethwa kwemathiriyeli ethambile ngesandla; izikhwama ezisezingeni eliphezulu — kuphela ukuvuna kwempukane eyodwa.
• Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo): Ngokwemvelo noma ngokwenza okokwenziwa, kuze kube ulahlekelwa ngumswakama ongu-35–40%. Amakhasi abekwa phezu kwama-bamboo; kumathiriyeli amakhulu, ukubuna kuthatha isikhathi eside.
• Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukwakha izimo zokuxilongwa okulawulwayo; ukuphula izindonga zamaseli nokukhipha ijusi phezu kwekhasi.
• Ukubiliswa / ukugqwala (发酵, fājiào): Ubude kanye nezinga lokushisa kuncike esikhwameni. Kwezinga eliphezulu “Pu’an Hong (Xi)” ukubiliswa kwenziwa ngokushisa okuphansi futhi kumazinga amade, okwakha iphrofayili yezimbali nobusi enobumnandi obugqamile.
• Ukomisa / ukufudumeza (烘干, hōnggān): Ukumisa ukubiliswa nokuqinisa iphunga. Kwezenziwa izinhlelo ezilungile ukuze kugcinwe izinhlanganisela eziphungayo zezimbali.
• Ukuhlunga nokuxuba (分级, fēnjí): Itiye eliqediwe lihlukaniswa ngezilinganiso kanye namazinga; uma kunesidingo, kuhlanganiswa izingxube ezizinzile.

6. Izici Zokuzwakala:

• Ukubukeka kwekhasi elomile: Ukusontwa okuqinile, okuminyene, okusonta okunjengomucu (条索紧细); umbala — onsundu ngokumnyama kuya komnyama onokucwazimula okunamafutha (色泽乌润). Ezikhwameni zempukane eyodwa — inala yeminwe yegolide.
• Iphunga lekhasi elomile: Lihlanzekile, liphezulu, linamandla ezimbali (i-orchid, i-jasmine) kanye nesizinda sobusi. Ezikhwameni zetiye elinezigaba ezine — ukujula okwengeziwe kwezithelo.
• Iphunga lomhlwahlwane: Isikhwama esikhanyayo sezimbali nobusi, esikhumbuza “njengezimbali, njengobusi” (如花似蜜) — yilokhu okuchazwa iphunga lezinga eliphezulu “Pu’an Hong (Xi)”. Lapho uphuza, kuvezwa izimpawu zezithelo ezomile, ipentshisi kanye nokufudumala okuncane oku-caramele.
• Ukunambitha: Okumnandi (甘甜, gāntián), okushelelayo nokungathi “okuhlabayo” (爽滑, shuǎnghuá), okunomzimba ogcwele kanye nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside (回味醇厚悠长). Ubukrakra buncane kakhulu; kumlonya kuhlala ubumnandi obumnandi bobusi. Izinga eliphezulu lemipukane eyodwa “Pu’an Hong” linikezwe igama lesidlaliso elithi “Jin Jun Mei evela emathini amakhulu” (大叶种里的金骏眉).
• Umbala womhlwahlwane: Olambazi ngokusawolintshi ukuya kokubomvu ngokusawolintshi (橙黄/橙红), okhanyayo nokhanyayo. Kwi-gongfu ejwayelekile — usondela kokubomvu okunjengamabala; kwezikhwama ezisezingeni eliphezulu zempukane eyodwa — okulula kakhulu, okusagolide ngokusawolintshi.
• Ikhasi elichithiwe (ikhasi elitotosiwe): Eliyiphilayo, elinokuhamba, elithambile neliphelele (鲜活柔软完整). Umbala — kusuka kokunsundu ngothusi kuya kokubomvu ngokunsundu, amakhasi avuleka ngokulingana.

7. Ukwakhiwa Kwamakhemikhali:

Ngokwedatha esemthethweni (eyashicilelwa njengengxenye yokunikezelwa kwendawo):

• Okukhishwe emanzini (水浸出物): 45.5% — inkomba ekhombisa ukujula nokuhlala umhlwahlwane.
• Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚): 24.8%. Kugcwele ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin, akha umbala kanye “nomzimba” wokunambitha; isilinganiso sawo sikhombisa ukukhanya nokushesha komhlwahlwane.
• Ama-Amino Acid: 2.5%, kubandakanya i-L-theanine, enesibopho sokuba kwethambile, ukumnandi kanye nomphumela “wokuthula”.
• I-Caffeine (咖啡碱): 3.4%.
• I-Pectin iyonke (总果胶): 5.1% — umthamo ophakeme, ojwayelekile etiyeni elinezigaba ezine; ama-pectin anikeza umhlwahlwane “indilinga” nokubamba.
• Ama-Microelement: Itiye lothiswe nge-zinc ne-selenium (富含锌硒) — umphumela wokwakheka kwezimbiwa enhlabathini yezintaba zase-Pu’an.
• Izinhlanganisela eziphungayo ezi-volatile: Inhlanganisela yama-terpene ezimbali (i-linalool, i-geraniol, i-nerol) kanye nemikhiqizo yokusabela kwe-Maillard; yilezi zinhlanganisela zezimbali ezenza iphunga elidumile le-“Pu’an Hong” elithi “njengezimbali, njengobusi”.

8. Izinzuzo Eziwusizo:

• Ukuqinisa amandla kanye nokwesekwa kwengqondo: I-Caffeine (3.4%) uma ihlanganiswe ne-L-theanine inikeza amandla amnene, aqhubekayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka; ithuthukisa ukunakka kanye nenkumbulo yokusebenza.
• Umphumela we-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenol (24.8%) kanye nemikhiqizo yawo yokugqwala anciphisa ama-radical akhululekile, asekela ukuvikela kwamaseli.
• Ukusekela ukugaya: Ama-pectin (5.1%) kanye nezinto zokushuka zikhuthaza ukugudluka kwamathumbu ngokumnene futhi zakha ibhande elivikelayo kulwelwesi lwesisu. Itiye elibomvu elifudumele emva kokudla — isiphakamiso esijwayelekile.
• Isistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-theaflavin asekela ukunwebeka kwemithambo nokuhlengwa kwephrofayili yama-lipid.
• Amasotsha omzimba kanye nokusekelwa kwezimbiwa: Ukunothiswa nge-zinc ne-selenium kusekela imisebenzi yesistimu yamasotsha kanye nokulinganiswa kwe-antioxidant ezingeni lamaseli.
• Umphumela wokufudumeza: Itiye elibomvu elinomzimba ogcwele liyafudumeza ngesikhathi sebusika, linciphise umuzwa wokukhathala.
• Isimo sesikhumba: Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-polyphenol ne-selenium kusiza ukuvikela isikhumba ekulimaleni okubangelwa yi-oxidative stress.

Inothi: Ulwazi lunomsebenzi wokwazisa kuphela futhi alunamandla oseluleko sezokwelapha.

9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95°C.
• Inani letiye: 4–5 g ku-100–120 ml ngendlela ye-gongfu; 3–4 g ku-200 ml ngesitayela saseYurophu.
• Isitsha: I-porcelain gaiwan (盖碗) — iveza isikhwama sezimbali ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Isitsha sengilazi senza okokubona umdanso wezicucu zetiye. Isitsha se-Yixing — ngephrofayili emincane futhi ehlangene.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza isitsha ngamanzi abilisiwe bese ukhipha amanzi.
  2. Thela itiye; hlola iphunga lekhasi elomile elifudunyeziwe.
  3. Ukuhlanza: okufushane (imizuzwana engu-1–2) — akudingeki, kodwa kuyamukeleka kumakhasi asongwe kakhulu.
  4. Ukuthela kokuqala: imizuzwana engu-8–10.
  5. Ukuthela kwe-2–4: imizuzwana engu-10–15.
  6. Emuva kwalokho, engeza isikhathi ngokungu-5–10 imizuzwana; i-Pu’an Hong Cha esezingeni eliphakeme ingakwazi ukuthela izikhathi eziyi-7–9.
  7. Ngesitayela saseYurophu: 3–4 g enkomishini, ukungenwa imizuzu engu-2–3; kungakwazi ukuthela izikhathi eziyi-2–3.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Isitsha esivalekile esingavumeli umoya, ukuvikela amaphunga, ukukhanya nomswakama.
• Okuhle kakhulu: 15–25°C, indawo eyomile emnyama.
• Itiye elibomvu lase-Pu’an lihle kakhulu phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 neziyi-18 emva kokukhiqizwa. Izikhwama ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-gongfu ezivela emathiriyeli wetiye elinezigaba ezine zilondoloza iphrofayili efanele iminyaka emi-2–3, ziba “yindilinga” ngokugcinwa okulungile.
• Ukugcinwa efrijini akunasikiselo — itiye elibomvu alidingi amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi lingakwazi ukumunca amaphunga angaphandle. Lapho uthenga izikhwama ezinkulu, kuhle ukuhlukanisa itiye: ingxenye enkulu igcinwe embizeni evalekile, kanti okwamanje — esikhwameni esincane sokusetshenziswa nsuku zonke, ukuze kugwemeke ukuvulwa kwezitsha ezinkulu kaningi.

11. Intengo kanye Nokukhohlisa:

• Izinga lentengo: I-standard Pu’an Hong Cha gongfu (一芽二叶) — isigaba sentengo esiphakathi, esitholakala kalula kubathengi abaningi. I- elite “Zhengshantang · Pu’an Hong (Xi)” (正山堂·普安红·曦) — isigaba esiphakeme, esilinganiswa ngentengo namanye amatiye abomvu ahamba phambili eShayina.
• Izinto ezithinta intengo: Izinga lokuvuna (impukane eyodwa vs. impukane eyodwa namakhasi); imvelaphi yemathiriyeli (iwild four-chamber vs. amasimu atshaliwe); isizini (ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ibiza kakhulu); uphawu lwentengiso (umugqa we-“Zhengshantang” — ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwentengo).
• Indlela yokugwema ukukhohlisa:
  1. Thenga kubathengisi abagunyaziwe abanomkhondo ocacile; emgqeni we-“Zhengshantang” — ngemigudu esemthethweni.
  2. Hlola ikhasi: ukusontwa okulinganayo, okuminyene; umbala ohlanzekile ngaphandle kothuli noma izinto ezingafanele.
  3. Hlola iphunga: iphrofayili yezimbali nobusi ehlanzekile ngaphandle kwamaphunga “ashile”, amuncu noma abolile.
  4. Nakana ngomhlwahlwane: okhanyayo, okhanyayo, ngaphandle kokufipheka; osagolide ngokusawolintshi ezikhwameni ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
  5. Intengo ephansi ngokweqile esezingeni elishiwo — isignali yokukhohlisa okungenzeka.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Umhlwanyela wetiye oyinsalela onezigaba ezine owatholwa ngo-1980 e-Pu’an — uwukuphela kwento enjalo emhlabeni; iminyaka yawo ingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.64. Lokhu kwenza i-Pu’an ibe ngenye yezindawo zamandulo eziqinisekisiwe lapho kudabuka khona uhlobo lwetiye.
• I-Pu’an Hong Cha — itiye elibomvu “lokuqala kakhulu” ku-Mainland China: ukuvuna okukhulu kuqala ngoFebruwari, kanti izimpukane ezithile zivunwa ngoJanuwari, ngoNyaka Omusha ngokwekhalenda lokwenyanga.
• Umugqa we-“Zhengshantang · Pu’an Hong (Xi)” — wukuphela komkhiqizo osebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Jun Mei ngemathiriyeli amakhulu aseningizimu-ntshonalanga; ngalokho wanikezwa igama lesidlaliso elithi “Jin Jun Mei yohlobo lwamakhasi amakhulu”.
• Uphawu lwentengiso lwe-Pu’an Hong lungene kusethi yezipho “Gui Li” (贵礼), emi eceleni kwe-Maotai liquor njengophawu lwe-Guizhou ezingeni likahulumeni.
• Inani lophawu lwentengiso “Pu’an Hongcha” likhuphuke lisuka kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane eziyi-9.66 laya kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane eziyi-33.46 ngonyaka owodwa, likhuphuka lisuka endaweni yama-30 laya kweyama-23 ohlwini lwezinga likazwelonke lophawu lwetiye. “Pu’an Hong” ube ngumholi wecebo elithi “Abambili Ababomvu, Abathathu Abaluhlaza, Okukodwa Okuhle” (两红三绿一抹) — umqondo wetiye oyisisekelo e-Guizhou.
• Abantu bakwa-Buyi base-Pu’an banezinkulungwane zeminyaka bephila isiko lokungenisa izihambi kwetiye — izivakashi zamukelwa “ngamatiye amathathu omgwaqo” (三道茶): itiye lokuthula, itiye lezempilo, kanye netiye lenjabulo. Lo mkhosi uba uphawu lomkhosi “Wasentwasahlobo Wokuqala Wetiye Lase-Guizhou”.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Abomvu:

• Zunyi Hong (遵义红, Zūnyì Hóng): Elinye itiye elibomvu lase-Guizhou, elivela esifundeni sase-Meitan (湄潭). Lisebenzisa izitshalo eziwuhlu lwe-Qianmei (黔湄); ngesitayela, lisondele ekuhlanganiseni kwe-Qihong ne-Dianhong — linephunga lezithelo kanye nombala ogqamile womhlwahlwane. I-Pu’an Hong ihluke ngephunga lezimbali eligqamile, ubukhona be-pectin “obushelelayo” obuvela emathiriyeli anezigaba ezine, kanye nokuvuna kuqala kakhulu.
• Dianhong (滇红, Diānhóng): Itiye elibomvu lase-Yunnan lamakhasi amakhulu — elinamandla, eliminyene, elinamaphunga kashokoledi namantongomane. I-Pu’an Hong ithambile futhi imnene kakhulu: iphrofayili yezimbali nobusi idlula ukujula “komhlaba”; ukuthamba kwe-pectin kunikeza umphumela owengeziwe othi “ukuhlabayo”, okungekho kuma-dianhong amaningi.
• Jin Jun Mei (金骏眉, Jīn Jùnméi): Itiye elibomvu lase-Fujian elisezingeni eliphezulu elivela emathini amancane; ubuchwepheshe bomzali be-“Zhengshantang · Pu’an Hong”. I-Jin Jun Mei — incike kakhulu, i-caramele nezithelo, “ilula ukuhamba”. I-Pu’an Hong, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo, inikeza umzimba ogcwele kakhulu kanye nokukwazi ukumelana nokuphuzwa okuningi ngenxa yamakhasi amakhulu.
• Yinghong (英红, Yīnghóng) / Amatiye abomvu ase-Guangdong: Itiye elibomvu lezindawo ezishisayo elinephrofayili emnandi ekhanyayo. I-Pu’an Hong inqoba ngenxa ye-terroir ephakeme: amafu nokuhle kunikeza iphunga elimnene kakhulu kanye nokunambitheka okuyinkimbinkimbi okuhlala isikhathi eside ngesikhathi esifanayo ubumnandi.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Pu’an Hong Cha — itiye elinohlu lozalo oluyizigidi zeminyaka kanye nomlingiswa omncane, onamandla wophawu lwentengiso. Isifunda lapho kuhlala khona umhlwanyela wetiye omdala kunayo yonke emhlabeni, futhi emithambekeni kukhule izinkulungwane zeminyaka yezihlahla zetiye, namuhla sikhiqiza itiye elibomvu elikwazi ukuncintisana nezibonelo ezingcono kakhulu zase-Fujian nase-Yunnan. Iphunga layo lezimbali nobusi, ukuthungwa okushelelayo, kanye nokuqala kokuvuna kuqala ngendlela emangalisayo kwenza i-Pu’an Hong ibe into engavamile ebalazweni letiye elibomvu laseShayina.

Leli tiye lilungele kakhulu labo abahlonipha ukuthamba nobumnandi ngaphandle kobukrakra, labo abatshalwa “umoya omusha” wentwasahlobo uma uhlanganiswa nokujula kwemathiriyeli yamakhasi amakhulu, kanye nalabo abafuna ukuzama into engajwayelekile ngempela — itiye elibomvu elinemvelaphi ehlehlela emuva ku-Pleistocene. Enkomishini ye-Pu’an Hong Cha kuhlangana ukudala kanye nobuhle besimanje: izigidi zeminyaka zokuziphendukela kwemvelo yohlobo lwetiye kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha, isiko letiye lesi-Buyi kanye nobuciko base-Fujian, umoya ohlanzekile wezintaba zase-Guizhou kanye nemakethe yetiye yomhlaba wonke.