Pǔ'ān gǔshù lǜ

Ithiyela eliluhlaza elivela engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeGuizhou, ephuma emakethe ngaphambi kwanoma yimaphi amanye amathiyela amaningi eChina futhi incike eqoqweni lemvelo eliyingqayizivele lezihlahla zetiye ezindala — Pǔ’ān gǔshù lǜ (普安古树绿) ihlanganisa izindikimba ezimbili: “umsuka wasendulo” kanye “nokuvunwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi”.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshiwe).
• Isigaba: ingeyesigaba samathiyela aluhlaza aseChina futhi, njenganoma iliphi itiye eliluhlaza, ilandela imithetho ejwayelekile yalesi sigaba mayelana nezinto ezingavuthiwe, ubuchwepheshe kanye nokungabikho kokuvutshelwa.
• Umsuka: Isifunda sasePu’an (普安县) esifundeni esizibusayo saseQianxinan Buyei and Miao (黔西南) entshonalanga yesifundazwe saseGuizhou. Isifunda sezintaba saseYunnan-Guizhou Plateau.
• Izinga: Alilungile ukunikeza inombolo ye-GB/T kazwelonke “eqanjwe ngegama” ethile yalesi sitayela sesifunda — le nkombandlela imiswa ngokuyinhloko ngomsuka wendawo (Pu’an, Guizhou) kanye nezimpawu zezinto ezingavuthiwe (izihlahla zasendulo, ukuvunwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi), hhayi ngezinga lomkhiqizo elaziwa kabanzi elisezingeni “lamatiye ayishumi” aziwayo.
• Ingxenye Yomkhiqizo: emaphakathi kuya phezulu — akuwona umkhiqizo omningi othenjisiwe, kodwa futhi akuyona into eyiqoqo elilodwa.

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ngaphakathi kwegama elifanayo: “gushu” (古树, okuvela ezihlahleni ezindala) kanye “nokuphangwa” (早茶) — lezi yizinto ezigxile ezintweni ezimbili ezihlukene kodwa ezingafani. Owokuqala ugcizelela umsuka wezinto ezingavuthiwe, owesibili — ukuvuthwa kwekhalenda kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Amandla amasiko asePu’an asekujuleni komlando wetiye wendawo. Isikhundla “somngcele wezihlahla zetiye zasendulo” (古茶树之乡) sincike eqoqweni lemvelo lamandulo letiye elilondoloziwe lapha kanye nezitshalo ezindala; yilokhu kuxhumana “nezimpande” zesitshalo setiye okwakha ubunikazi bendawo kanye nohlobo lomkhiqizo.

Isisekelo sesibili wukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Ekhalendeni letiye laseChina, iPu’an iba ngomunye wabahlinzeki bokuqala betiye eliluhlaza lasentwasahlobo: “itiye langaphambi kwesikhathi” (早茶) lapha akulona ilebula lokuthengisa, kodwa inzuzo yangempela yokuncintisana, lapho amaqoqo okuqala etholakala emakethe kanti izindawo zakudala zasempumalanga zisazovuka. Leli “tiye langaphambi kwesikhathi” — liyinkomba yokuphumelela kwezomnotho kanye nedumela lesifunda, elibeka ezingeni elilodwa nezikhungo zangaphambi kwesikhathi ezifana neYibin eSichuan. Emnothweni wendawo, inhlanganisela “yakudala neyokuqala” ibe yisisekelo sephrofayli eyaziwayo.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Esisekelweni sePu’an Gushu Lü kunemithombo emibili yezinto ezingavuthiwe exhunyiwe:

• sìqiú gǔchá (四球古茶) — okokusebenza kwetiye lendawo lasendulo, okunikeze le nkombandlela igama layo futhi okubonisa iqoqo lemvelo elindala, “lasendle” ngomsuka lwalo.
• Izinhlobo zendawo (群体种) — izitshalo zendabuko ezihlwanyelwe ngembewu, ezihlukene ngokwezakhi zofuzo futhi ezijwayele kahle izimo zendawo.

Okokusebenza okunjalo kubaluleke ngenxa yokungalingani kwako: amaqabunga avela ezihlahleni ezindala kanye nasezinhlobonhlobeni zembewu anikeza ukugxilisa okujulile, okunothe kanye nephunga eliyinkimbinkimbi, ngokungafani nephrofayli elinganayo kodwa “eyisicaba” yama-clone.

4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

• Indawo: isifunda sezintaba saseYunnan-Guizhou Plateau esinenhlanganisela yeGuizhou eseningizimu yendawo ephansi, ukuphakama okuphawulekayo, inkungu evamile kanye nokukhanya okusakazekile — izimo zakudala zokukhula kancane, okunephunga leqabunga letiye.
• Iqoqo Lemvelo: isici esibalulekile sasePu’an — idumela layo “njengomngcele wezihlahla zetiye zasendulo” (古茶树之乡). Lapha, iqoqo lemvelo lakudala letiye lilondolozwe, futhi ukuncika ezihlahleni ezindala kanye nasezinhlobonhlobo zendawo yikho okuhlukanisa leli tiye emigqeni yamathafa yamasimu ezindawo ezingomakhelwane eGuizhou.
• Ifenoloji: ngenxa yobusika obufudumele kanye nokufudumala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, iPu’an ithathwa njengenye yezifunda zetiye zokuqala eChina — ukuvunwa kokuqala kwasentwasahlobo kuqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunaseningi yezindawo ezaziwayo zetiye eliluhlaza.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ngokuma, iPu’an Gushu Lü iyitiye eliluhlaza eliyimicu (条形): amaqabunga asongwe abe “yintambo” ende, hhayi amapuleti ayisicaba futhi hhayi amabhola asongwe, okuyizimpawu zezinye izitayela zaseGuizhou.

Ukucubungula kuhamba ngohlelo oluluhlaza (olungavutshiwe) ngezindlela ezimbili zokugcina ezingaba khona:

• Ukugazinga ngepani (炒青, chǎoqīng) — ukumiswa nokomiswa epanini/emgqonyeni oshisayo, okunikeza iphunga eliminyene “elishisiwe-elimoshana”.
• Ukweyiswa/ukubhakwa (烘青, hōngqīng) — iphrofayli ethambile, “eluhlaza okusha” futhi enezimbali-utshani.

Umqondo ojwayelekile wetiye eliluhlaza uyagcinwa: ukuvunwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezithambile kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukumiswa okuyimpoqo kokuhlaza (杀青, shāqīng) ukuze kumiswe ukufiphala, ukunikeza ukuma okuyimicu ngokusonga kanye nokwenza kome. Inhlanganisela yokugazinga kanye/noma ukubhaka ivumela umkhiqizi ukuthi alinganisele phakathi kokujula “okugazingiwe” nokukhanya “okusha”.

Njengoba izinto ezingavuthiwe zifaka iqabunga elivela ezihlahleni ezindala nasezinhlobonhlobo zembewu, kudinga umsebenzi oqikelelayo: iqabunga elinjalo alifani kangako kunelo le-clone, futhi ikhwalithi incike kakhulu ekuhleleni ngesandla kanye nokulawula okunembile kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokumiswa.

6. Izimpawu Ze-Organoleptic:

Iphrofayli yePu’an Gushu Lü inqunywa yinhlanganisela yokuvunwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okuthambile kanye neqoqo lemvelo “elidala”:

• Iqabunga elomile — liyimicu, liluhlaza okumnyama.
• Ukugxilisa — okusha nokuhlanzekile, ngenothi eliphezulu elinotshani-nezimbali ezingxenyeni ezibhakiwe kanye nokunambitheka okugqamile kwe-moshana nokugazingiwe kwezinye ezigazingiwe.
• Umzimba: ngenxa yezinto ezingavuthiwe ezivela ezihlahleni ezindala, umzimba wokugxilisa uzwakala uminyene futhi uzinzile kakhudlwana kunamathiyela aluhlaza alula amasimu endawo efanayo.

9. Ukwenza Itiye (Ukugxilisa):

Izincomo zokugxilisa — zijwayelekile ngetiye eliluhlaza lekhwalithi:

• Amanzi — acishe abe ngu-80 – 85 °C, hhayi amanzi abilayo, ukuze kungashiswa iqabunga langaphambi kwesikhathi elithambile.
• Isitsha — ingilazi ewubuhlalu noma i-gaiwan, okuvumela ukubuka ukuvuleka kweqabunga eliyimicu.
• Izilinganiso — cishe amagremu angu-3 nge-150 ml.
• Ukugxilisa Kokuqala — okufushane; okokusebenza kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okuthambile “kunikela” kahle ngisho nasekugxiliseni kokuqala.

10. Ukugcina:

Njengawo wonke amathiyela aluhlaza, inani eliyinhloko — wubusha: ukuphuza iPu’an Gushu Lü kufanele kwenziwe isencane, phakathi nenkathi yamanje, ukugcine esitsheni esivaleka ngci kude nokukhanya, ukushisa kanye namaphunga angaphandle.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:

Ukuze ungangaphambanisi iPu’an Gushu Lü namanye amathiyela aluhlaza aseGuizhou angomakhelwane, kufanele ubheke izimpawu ezimbalwa:

• Ukuma. IPu’an — iyitiye eliyimicu (条形). Lokhu kuyalihlukanisa neqabunga eliyisicaba, elibushelelezi leMeitan Cuiya (湄潭翠芽), kuma-”zinawana zokudoba” ezisontekile kancane zeDuyun Maojian (都匀毛尖) futhi ikakhulukazi kuma-”mabhola” acindezelwe eLeishan Yinqiu (雷山银球茶).
• Umsuka Wezinto Ezingavuthiwe. Ukugcizelela ku-”gushu” (okuvela ezihlahleni ezindala) nasezinhlobonhlobo zendawo, kanye nokukhuluma nge-sìqiú gǔchá (四球古茶) — kuwumaka oqondile wePu’an.
• Isizini. Ukuvuthwa okugcizelelwe kwangaphambi kwesikhathi (“okungaphambili kakhulu entwasahlobo”) — kuyisici esiyi-sayini; amaqoqo atholakala ekuthengisweni ngaphambi kakhulu kwesikhathi.
• Iphrofayli. Ngokungafani nokuma “kwe-zinc-selenium” kweFenggang (凤冈锌硒茶) noma iqabunga “elimhlophe” le-albino leZheng’an Baicha (正安白茶), iPu’an ithengiswa ngomqondo weqoqo lemvelo lasendulo kanye nokugxilisa okuminyene, okusha.

Inhlanganisela “yokuma okuyimicu + izinto ezingavuthiwe ezindala/zembewu + ukuvunwa kwangaphambi kakhulu kwesikhathi + umsuka wasePu’an (黔西南)” iyisiginesha ethembekile yaleli tiye.