Píngyáng Huáng Tāng

Píngyáng Huáng Tāng (平阳黄汤, Píngyáng huáng tāng) — ungomunye wezine zikawoyisi eziphuzi zendabuko ezinkulu zaseShayina, emi eceleni kwezinye ezinjenge-Jūnshān Yínzhēn (君山银针, Jūnshān Yínzhēn), Mèngdǐng Huáng Yā (蒙顶黄芽, Mèngdǐng Huáng Yā), ne-Hòshān Huáng Yā (霍山黄芽, Hòshān Huáng Yā). Leli yitiya elinengemulo edlalayo: laxhaphaza ngesikhathi sikaQing, lapho itiye eliluhlaza elalingakomiswa kahle lathuthelwa enyakatho, laqala ukutubeka ngenxa yomswakama nokushisa emkhunjini, lajabulisa abathengi basenyakatho ngaphezu kweqiniso langaphambili; kamuva laba yisipho sasenkantolo, lase lishabalala ngokuphelele amashumishumi eminyaka ngenxa yezimpi, futhi lavuselelwa akhulwini lama-21 kuphela ngomzamo womfundisi omncane wasemakhaya owaba umnakekeli wefa elingabonakali. Ubuchwepheshe obubizwa nge-«jiǔ hōng jiǔ mèn» (九烘九闷, «ukoma okuyisishiyagalolunye, ukutubeka okuyisishiyagalolunye») — inqubo yokutubeka (mènhuáng) ende kunazo zonke nezinemigunxa eminingi emhlabeni wonke — kwakha uphawu lwalo lokuqala: «xìnghuáng tāng, yùmǐxiāng» (杏黄汤、玉米香) — umbiko obhulowu ngokwebhuliki futhi iphunga lomumbu obisini.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nendabuko:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliphuzi (黄茶, huángchá), elibilisiwe kancane. Lingaphansi kwesigaba esithi «itiye eliphuzi elincane» (黄小茶, huáng xiǎo chá) — isigaba lapho kusetshenziswa umuhlwa ongeqephu elilodwa noma amabili (ngokuhlukile «huáng yá chá» enziwa ngemihlwa kuphela).
• Isigaba: Ungomunye wezine zetiye eziphuzi zendabuko ezinkulu zaseShayina (中国四大传统黄茶). Ubuye waziwe ngegama elithi «Wēnzhōu Huáng Tāng» (温州黄汤, Wēnzhōu Huáng Tāng) — «umbiko ophuzi waseWenzhou». Umkhiqizo onesivikelo sezindawo zendawo (2014). Ufakwe ohlwini lwezindawo ezivikelwe ngokwesivumelwano seShayina ne-European Union (中欧地理标志保护名录, 2020).
• Indabuko: IShayina, isifundazwe sase-Zhèjiāng (浙江, Zhèjiāng), idolobha lase-Wēnzhōu (温州, Wēnzhōu), isifunda sase-Píngyáng (平阳县, Píngyáng Xiàn). Ngokomlando, lwalukhiqizwa nasezifundeni zase-Tàishùn (泰顺), Ruì’ān (瑞安) nase-Yǒngjiā (永嘉); itiye elihamba phambili laliqhamuka e-Tàishùn (indawo yase-Dōngxī) nase-Píngyáng (indawo yase-Běigǎng / Nányàndàng). Igama lokuhweba elithi «Píngyáng Huáng Tāng» laqina ngoba itiye elivela kuzo zonke izifunda ezingomakhelwane lalithengwa abathengisi base-Píngyáng futhi lathunyelwa enyakatho ngaphansi kophawu olulodwa.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe i-27° enyakatho ye-equator, i-120° empumalanga. I-Píngyáng ibonwa njengengxenye «yebhande legolide lamatiye aphuzi ku-27th parallel» (北纬27°黄茶黄金生长带).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Ngokwesiko:

• Umlando:

  • UQing (清), ukubusa kuka-Qiánlóng–Jiāqìng (~1736–1820) — ukuzalwa kwengozi: Esikhathini sikaQing, iPíngyáng yayingumkhiqizi ophambili wetiye eliluhlaza, ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kwakuhamba ngolwandle nasemifuleni kuya e-Tiānjīn (天津), Yíngkǒu (营口) naseBeijing. Ngokomlomo wesintu, ngolunye usuku enkathini yezimvula ezingamanga, itiye eliluhlaza elalisanda kukhiqwa alizange likwazi ukoma ngokushesha. Abathengisi, becindezelwe yizinsuku zokulethwa, bathumela itiye elalingakomile enyakatho. Ngesikhathi sohambo olude lwasolwandle, amahlamvu anomswakama atubeka emikhunjini — kwenzeka i-mènhuáng engahleliwe. Lapho ifika lapho iya khona, itiye lalahlekelwa ukuhlaza okukhanyayo futhi laqala ukuphuzi. Okumangazayo, abathengi basenyakatho balithola leli tiye lithambile, linegabavu elincane futhi limnandi kunekheli eliluhlaza. Ngakho-ke kwazalwa iPíngyáng Huáng Tāng — itiye elikhona ngenxa yengozi futhi ngenhlanhla ngasikhathi sinye.
  • UQing, ukubusa kukaGuāngxù (~1875–1908) — ukuchuma: IPíngyáng Huáng Tāng yafakwa ohlwini lwezipho zasenkantolo (贡茶). Ivolumu yonyaka yokuthunyelwa enyakatho yayifinyelela «ngaphezu kwe-dàn eliyinkulungwane» (千余担, ~50 amathani) — izinga elikhulu ngetiye elikhethekile eliphuzi.
  • 1930s–1970s — ukushabalala: Izimpi, ukungazinzi kwezomnotho kanye nokungabhalwa phansi kobuchwepheshe kwaholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele kokukhiqiza. IPíngyáng Huáng Tāng yashabalala emakethe amashumishumi eminyaka.
  • 1979 — umzamo wokuqala wokuvuselela: Ukuqaliswa kabusha kokukhiqiza, kodwa ubuchwepheshe bungazinzile, ivolumu incane kakhulu.
  • 1980s — ukuvuselelwa ngokwesayensi: Umeluleki omkhulu wezolimo uLín Píng (林平) ovela emnyangweni wezolimo wesifunda sase-Píngyáng, kanye noLú Lìchuān (卢立浣) noChén Jìzhù (陈积柱) basesiteshini sokuhlola amatiye saseShuǐtóu, baqala umsebenzi weminyaka eminingi wokuvuselela ubuchwepheshe. Kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-10 ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izigaba eziyinhloko: ukusongwa, ukuvubela kanye ne-mènhuáng nokoma.
  • 2003 — amasampula: Amasampula okuqala aselabhorethri e-Huáng Tāng athola ukuhlolwa okuhle yi-Shanghai Tea Society.
  • 2006 — ilungelo lobunikazi: Ubuchwepheshe «Píngyáng Huáng Tāng: inqubo yokucutshungulwa kwehlamvu letiye» bwagunyazwa njengekusungulwa yi-State Intellectual Property Office yaseShayina.
  • 2009 — ukuphuma emakethe: IPíngyáng Huáng Tāng yavela ekuthengisweni ngamanani alinganiselwe.
  • 2012 — «Ukoma Okuyisishiyagalolunye, Ukutubeka Okuyisishiyagalolunye»: UZhōng Wéibiāo (钟维标, Zhōng Wéibiāo), owayengumfundisi wasemakhaya edolobhaneni lase-Xīnlián (新联村) esigodini saseShuǐtóu, eNtabeni i-Cháoyángshān, ngemva kwamashumishumi amabili eminyaka ocwaningo oluzimele, amakhulu ezivivinyo kanye nokubonisana nobungcweti obudala, wavuselela futhi wathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe basendulo be-«jiǔ hōng jiǔ mèn» (九烘九闷). Yile nguqulo eyaba isisekelo sezinga lesimanje le-Píngyáng Huáng Tāng futhi yaletha iphrofayili yayo ebonakalayo «umbiko obhulowu ngokwebhuliki, iphunga lomumbu».
  • 2014 — isikhombisi sendawo: Ukuqinisekiswa kukazwelonke njengoMkhiqizo Onesivikelwa Sendabuko Ngesikhombisi Sendawo (国家地理标志产品).
  • 2020 — ukwamukelwa eYurophu: Ukufakwa ohlwini lwezikhombisi zendawo EYurophu neShayina (欧盟–中国地理标志名录) — enye yamatiye ambalwa aphuzi akulolu hlu.
  • 2021 — ifa elingabonakali: Ubuchwepheshe be-«jiǔ hōng jiǔ mèn» bafakwa ohlwini lwamafa angabonakali esifundazweni sase-Zhèjiāng. UZhōng Wéibiāo waqashelwa njengomnakekeli (传承人) waleli siko.
  • 2024: Inani lophawu lwe-«Píngyáng Huáng Tāng» lafinyelela kuma-40.77 billion yuan. IPíngyáng yathola iziqu ezithi «Izwe Letiye Eliphuzi laseShayina» (中国黄茶之乡) kanye «Nezwe Lesiko Letiye laseShayina» (中国茶文化之乡).

• Igama:

  • «Píngyáng» (平阳) — isifunda sasePíngyáng, isikhungo somlando sokuhwebelana ngaleli tiye. Ama-glyph asho ngokoqobo «ilanga elilinganayo» / «ilanga elinokuthula».
  • «Huáng Tāng» (黄汤) — «umbiko ophuzi»: igama libhekisela esicini esiyinhloko esibonakalayo — umbala wetiye elinele. Lesi yisimo esijwayelekile lapho itiye liqanjwa hhayi ngendawo yokukha noma ukwakheka kwehlamvu, kodwa ngombala wombiko, okuqinisa ubuhle balo obuyinhloko.
  • Incazelo ephelele: «umbiko ophuzi wasePíngyáng».

• Ukubaluleka ngokwesiko: IPíngyáng Huáng Tāng iwuphawu lokuvuselelwa kwamasiko amatiye alahlekile. Indaba kaZhōng Wéibiāo — umfundisi wasemakhaya owashiya umsebenzi wobufundisi ukuze asindise itiye lasendulo, waguqula idolobhana elihluphekayo lasentabeni laba yisifunda samatiye esichumayo, waba umnakekeli wefa elingabonakali — ingenye yezindaba ezikhuthaza kakhulu ekufuyweni kwamatiye kwamanje eShayina. Ngo-2020, endaweni eyindawo yamasimu amatiye e-Cháoyángshān kwavulwa iPíngyáng Huáng Tāng Tea Expo Park (平阳黄汤茶博园) — indawo yezivakashi esezingeni le-3A enemnyuziyamu nendawo yokukhiqiza amatiye. IPíngyáng ithuthukisa kakhulu imodeli ye-«chálǚ rónghé» (茶旅融合, «ukuhlanganisa itiye nezokuvakasha»).

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:

• I-cultivar: I-cultivar eyinhloko iyi-Píngyáng Tèzǎo Chá (平阳特早茶, Píngyáng Tèzǎo Chá) — itiye lasePíngyáng elisheshayo ukuhluma. Lamukelwa ezingeni lesifundazwe (省级良种) ngo-1998. Isihlahla esincane / isihlahla esikhulu, uhlobo lwamahlamvu aphakathi nendawo. Isici esiyinhloko — ukuphuma ekuthuleni ngaphambi kwesikhathi (igama lisho ngokoqobo «ishesha kakhulu»), ukungabi nokukhula okukhiqiza izimbewu (ayidli izimbali futhi ayithela izithelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile). Iyanda ngokuhluma. Kusetshenziswa nenqubo yendawo eyiqembu (当地群体种) — ukukhiqiza itiye «lasendle» / «huāngyě» (荒野茶) elivela emahlathini amadala.
• Ukuvunwa: Isizini eyinhloko — kusukela ku-Jīngzhé (惊蛰, «Ukubuka kwezinambuzane», ~5 kuNdasa) kuya ku-Qīngmíng (清明, ~5 kuMbaso) ngetiye lasentwasahlobo; inkathi ye-Báilù (白露, «Umjuluko omhlophe», ~8 kuMandulo) — ye-tiye lasekwindla. Itiye lasentwasahlobo libaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid; elekwindla — ngobumnandi nokukhuthazela lapho linelelwa.
• Izinga lokuvunwa: Ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu — umuhlwa ongeqephu elilodwa elisanda kubonakala (一芽一叶初展). Ngezinga lokuqala — umuhlwa oneqephu elilodwa (一芽一叶). Ngezinga lesibili — umuhlwa onamaqephu amabili (一芽二叶初展). Ubude bomuhlwa ≤3 cm. Umbandela wokuqala ukuvuna: 10–15 imihluma ejwayelekile ngemitha yesikwele yomqhele wesihlahla.
• Izidingo ngokwezinto: Izinto zokusetshenziswa kumele zifane ngosayizi nangezinga lokuvuleka. Ukuvunwa kwenziwa ngesikhathi esomile. Amahlamvu athuthwa ngeziqukathi zikakhuni (hhayi ophlastiki.) futhi aqale ngokushesha ukucutshungulwa.

4. Indawo Nezindlela Zokukhulisa:

• Isifunda: IPíngyáng iseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Zhèjiāng, endaweni enethonya loLwandle lwase-East China. Indawo eyingqikithi — iNtaba i-Cháoyángshān (朝阳山, Cháoyáng Shān) esigodini saseShuǐtóu (水头镇) kanye nendawo yase-Nányàndàng (南雁荡山, Nán Yàndàng Shān, Izintaba Zaseningizimu Yàndàng). Ingqikithi yomhlaba wamasimu amatiye esifundeni ingaphezu kuka-51,000 mu (~3400 ha), kulokho indawo eyingqikithi ithatha cishe ama-8,000 mu.
• Ukuphakama kokukhula: 400–700 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle endaweni eyingqikithi yase-Cháoyángshān. Ukumbozwa kwehlathi — 87,4%.
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ebomvu ephuzi esekelwe kuyi-bhayesithi yasemlilweni egugile (火山岩风化红黄壤, pH 4,5–5,5). Isici esihlukile — ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-selenium (0,74–0,80 mg/kg), kanye nepotassium ne-zinc. Ukuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo — 1,1–3,9%. Imvelaphi yamatshe angokwemvelo yasemlilweni inika itiye ubungqabavu bokufakwa kwamaminerali.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esiphakathi nesithwathwi sasolwandle se-monsoon (中亚热带海洋性季风气候). I-avareji lokushisa lonyaka 17,9°C. I-avareji yemvula yonyaka 1631,6 mm. Inani lezinsuku ezinenkungu ≥200 ngonyaka. Umswakama ohlobene ≥85%. Umehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lemini nobusuku uvumela ukunqwabelana kwezinto ezinephunga nama-amino acid. Isimo sezulu sasolwandle sinikeza ubusika obuthambile nehlobo elingenakho ukushisa kwephezulu.
• Izici eziphawulekayo: I-Cháoyángshān — inhlokomo evelele enefu elihlala likhona nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinsimbi ezingenazihibe. Ukungabikho kwezimboni, ukuphakelwa kwamanzi asemthonjeni. Amahlathi amadala amatiye (荒野茶, huāngyě chá) eNtabeni yase-Tiānjǐngyáng (天井垟) ayizitshalo zasendle ezineminyaka engu-50–100+ — itiye lazo lihlonishwa kakhulu ngenxa yokujula kwencasa kanye «nesistimuli sasendle».

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Píngyáng Huáng Tāng — obude kunabo bonke futhi obunemigunxa eminingi kunabo bonke amatiye aphuzi. Umjikelezo ogcwele we-«jiǔ hōng jiǔ mèn» (九烘九闷) uthatha amahora angaphezu kuka-72. Isikhathi esiphelele sokutubeka — 18–22 amahora, ahanjiswe emigunxeni emithathu eyinhloko ngokunyuka kancane kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama. Inqubo ihlanganisa lezi zigaba ezilandelayo:

• Ukunaba / Tān qīng (摊青): Amahlamvu amasha ayanjiswa ngendwayana elulami (≤3 cm) ezisefeni zikakhuni ekamelweni elihlanzekile, elinomoya. Isikhathi — 4–12 amahora (kufinyelela emahoreni angu-20), kuya ngomswakama nezinga lezinto. Ukugingqika ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kwehle umswakama ngokulinganayo. Izinga noma iziqephu ezahlukene ziyanwetshwa ngokwehlukene.
• «Ukubulala ukuhlaza» (杀青, shā qīng): Ukugazinga ngomshini noma ngesandla ukuze kumiswe amakh emzimbi. Imininingwane yokushisa incike emkhiqizini othile; umgomo — ukucutshungulwa okusheshayo ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngenjongo yokulondoloza umbala.
• Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukunika ukwakheka okulula, okuqinile, okugobile kancane (细紧纤秀). Ingcindezi — ngokomgomo «elula → ephakathi → elula».
• Ukutubeka kokuqala / Yī mèn (一闷): Ihlamvu elisongwayo lifakwa ezimbizeni zikakhuni ngendwayana engu-30–40 cm, limbozwe ngendwangu emhlophe enomswakama. Izinga lokushisa lekamelo — 25–28°C, umswakama ohlobene — 65–75%. Isikhathi — 5–6 amahora. Lapho izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi enqwabeni likhuphuka lifinyelela ~32°C, kuyenziwa ukugingqika ukuze kufanane futhi kuphole. Isibonakaliso sokulungela: ihlamvu lithola umbala ophuzi, kuvela iphunga elihlanzekile. Lesi yisigaba esiyinhloko sokuqala kokuphuzi.
• Ukoma kokuqala / Yī hōng (一烘): Umshini wokomisa, izinga lokushisa lomoya ongenayo 80–90°C. Ihlamvu linwetshwa ngendwayana elulami (2–3 cm), isikhathi — 10–12 amaminithi. Ukufinyelela ~50% umswakama. Ihlamvu lihlala lithambile uma lithintwa, kuvela iphunga letiye.
• Ukutubeka kwesibili / Èr mèn (二闷): Ukutubeka okuphindiwe ukuze kujule ukuphuzi. Izinga lokushisa — 22–28°C, umswakama — 75–80%. Isikhathi — 7–8 amahora (isikhathi eside kunomjikelezo wokuqala). Isibonakaliso: ihlamvu liba phuzi ngokusobala, kuvela i-«mènxiāng» (闷香) ebonakalayo — iphunga lokutubeka.
• Ukoma kwesibili / Èr hōng (二烘): Izinga lokushisa likhuphuka liye ku-90–100°C. Indwayana — 3–4 cm, isikhathi — 8–10 amaminithi. Ukufinyelela ~70% ukoma. Iphunga le-Huáng Tāng liyabonakala.
• Ukutubeka kwesithathu / Sān mēn (三闷): Umjikelezo wokugcina, oqedela ukwakhiwa kwe-«ezintathu eziphuzi». Izinga lokushisa — 25–30°C, umswakama — 80–85%. Isikhathi — 4–6 amahora. Ihlamvu lithola umbala ophuzi omnene, iphunga lokutubeka liba selingenzi lushintshe.
• Ukoma kwesithathu / Sān hōng (三烘): Ukoma kokugcina ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu: 110–120°C, indwayana 4–5 cm, 3–4 amaminithi. Ukufinyelela ukoma okuphelele.
• Ukuhlungwa kwetiye eliqediwe (干茶整理, gān chá zhěnglǐ): Ukususa amahlamvu angawodwana, iziqu, izinhlamvu zetiye. Ukulinganisa ikhwalithi. Ukupakishwa ngo 4–5 kg ebhokisini ngalinye.

Ukuphawula ngegama elithi «jiǔ hōng jiǔ mèn»: Igama elithi «ukoma okuyisishiyagalolunye, ukutubeka okuyisishiyagalolunye» — lingelomlando, lichaza umgomo jikelele wokoma nokutubeka okuphindaphindwe kaningi. Emkhiqizweni wanamuhla osezingeni, imijikelezo eyinhloko ithathu (ukoma kathathu, ukutubeka kathathu), kodwa ngaphakathi komjikelezo ngamunye kungenziwa izigaba ezincane ezengeziwe zokoma kancane nokushintshaniswa, okuhlanganisa kusondele ekusebenzeni okuyisishiyagalolunye.

6. Izimpawu Zomzwelo:

• Ukubukeka kwehlamvu elomile: Amahlamvu amancane, aqinile, agobile ngobuhle (条索细紧纤秀, tiáosuǒ xì jǐn xiān xiù). Umbala — uhlaza ophuzi ngokunemvimba eningi (色泽黄绿多毫). Ezingeni eliphezulu — uhlangothi olusagolide oluphawulekayo (金圈). Ukwakheka kuhlukile kumihlwa emcaba emise okwenkemba ye-Mèngdǐng Huáng Yā — lapha ihlamvu lisongwe, libukeka njengentambo encane ezungezayo.
• Iphunga lehlamvu elomile: Lihlanzekile, liphakeme, linomuzwa womumbu osemncane nomthunzi wezimbali.
• Iphunga lombiko: «Nèn yùmǐxiāng» (嫩玉米香) — iphunga lomumbu obisini — luphawu olukhulu lwephunga, olwakhiwe ukutubeka okunemigunxa eminingi okuthatha isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuyi-«háo xiāng» (毫香, iphunga lemvimba), eliguqulwe yinkambiso ye-mènhuáng. Kukhona nezithonjana ze-«mì lán xiāng» (蜜兰香, uju nombila we-orchid), ne-«qīng fēn» (清芬, iphunga lezimbali elihlanzekile).
• Incasa: Xiān chún gān shuǎng (鲜醇甘爽) — okusha, okuthambile, okunoshukela, okuvuselelayo. Ukuthungwa kuqinile kodwa akukho nzima. Ifomula yephrofayili yencasa — «nóng ér bù sè, hòu ér chún tián» (浓而不涩，厚而醇甜) — «iqinile kodwa ayinagabavu; igcwele kodwa inoshukela othambile». Ukunambitha okusemva — ukubuya okumnandi okuhamba isikhathi (回甘, huígān).
• Umbala wombiko: «Xìng huáng míng liàng» (杏黄明亮) — obhulowu ngokwebhuliki, ocwebezelayo, onokukhanya okucacile. Ezingeni eliphezulu — kunohlaka olusagolide emaphethelweni enkomishi (金圈, jīn quān). Ufudumele kakhulu futhi ujule ngethoni kunombiko ophuzi omnene we-Mèngdǐng Huáng Yā.
• Impansi yetiye (ihlamvu elinelele): Amahlamvu aphuzi ngokomnene, anwebekayo, ahlanganiswe ngamaqoqo amancane ahlelekile (嫩黄成朵匀齐). Ukufana — kuwuphawu lwe-grading efanele.
• Uphawu olukhethekile: Njengase-Mèngdǐng Huáng Yā, i-Píngyáng Huáng Tāng ekhwalithi ephezulu ibonisa i-«lěng hòu hún» (冷后浑) — ukubhujwa kombiko opholile lapho kuvela okuncane «amakristali asagolide» (金晶花, jīn jīng huā), okuyizingxube ze-theaflavine ezikristalisekile. Lokhu akulona iphutha, kodwa kuwuphawu lwezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezicebile.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol: Ukuqukethwe kwama-polyphenol wetiye — kuvamile kumatiye aphuzi, nokuguqulwa kwesikhashana kwama-catechin ngesikhathi sokutubeka okunemigunxa emithathu. Ukuqukethwe okuphawulekayo kwama-theaflavin (茶黄素, cháhuángsù) — amapigimenti abophezelekela umbala obhulowu ngokwebhuliki wombiko kanye nesimo «samakristali asagolide».
• Ama-Amino acid: ≥4,5% wesisindo esomile — inani eliphezulu, ngenxa yokuvunwa kwasekuqaleni (ekuqaleni kukaNdasa), isimo sezulu sasolwandle kanye nezici ze-cultivar iPíngyáng Tèzǎo. I-L-theanine — i-amino acid evelele.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine — cishe 2,8% wesisindo esomile. Ngokuhlangana ne-L-theanine inikeza umphumela othambile, oqhubekayo wokwenza usondele.
• Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C, amavithamini eqembu B.
• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-zinc, i-fluorine, i-magnesium. Isici esihlukile — ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-selenium (Se), okuzuze njengefa enhlabathini yasemlilweni yase-Cháoyángshān. I-selenium iyisakhi esibalulekile se-antioxidant.
• Ushukela oncibilikayo: Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu, okunikeza ubumnandi obuqhamuka ngokwemvelo obusobala.
• Ama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla: I-mènhuáng enemigunxa emithathu ethatha isikhathi eside ikhiqiza inani elikhulu lama-enzyme wokugaya.

8. Izici Eziwusizo:

• Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya: Ubuningi bama-enzyme wokugaya kwenza iPíngyáng Huáng Tāng ibe enye yamatiye angcono kakhulu okuphuza ngemuva kokudla. Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa amafutha kulinganiselwa cishe izikhathi eziyi-1,5 ngaphezu kwetiye eliluhlaza elenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo.
• Ukushukumisa ngokuthambile: Inhlanganisela ye-L-theanine ne-caffeine — ukuthoka okuzolile ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.
• Umphumela omnene esiswini: Ukutubeka okunemigunxa emithathu kwehlisa kakhulu ubudlova bama-catechin. IPíngyáng Huáng Tāng ithambile kakhulu kunamatiye aluhlaza futhi ilungele kakhulu abantu abanokugaya okuzwelayo.
• Ukuvikela i-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenol ne-selenium kunikeza ukuvikela okumbaxabili kwe-antioxidant — inhlanganisela eyivelakancane etiyeni.
• Ukusekela umzimba wamafutha emzimbeni: Ama-theaflavin abamba iqhaza ekuvimbeni ukwakheka kwe-cholesterol.
• Ukusekela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo: Izingxube ze-polyphenol zisiza ukunwebeka kwemithambo nokwehlisa ubungozi bokwakheka kwama-thrombus.

9. Ukulungiselela Ukunatha:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90°C. Amanzi abilayo (100°C) anolaka kakhulu ezintweni ezithambile futhi abangela ukubaba.
• Ubuningi betiye: 3 g emanzini ayi-110–150 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi ecwebileyo — ukubuka umbala wombiko nokuziphatha kwehlamvu. I-gaiwan yobumba elimhlophe (110 ml) — yokwembula iphunga ngokuphelele.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza isitsha ngamanzi abilayo, uwachithe.
  2. Thela 3 g yetiye.
  3. Thela amanzi anokushisa okuyi-85–90°C engxenyeni eyodwa kwezintathu yomthamo. Manzisa wonke amahlamvu, ulinde imizuzwana engu-10 (indlela ye-«rùn chá»).
  4. Thela amanzi uze ufinyelele umthamo ogcwele. Ukuthelela kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-30.
  5. Ukuthelela okulandelayo: engeza isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-10. Izinga eliphezulu likwazi ukuphonswa izikhathi eziyi-5–7 noma ngaphezulu.
  6. Buka ukuvela «kohlaka olusagolide» (金圈) emaphethelweni ombiko — uphawu lwekhwalithi ephezulu.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Indlela efanele — ukupakishwa okuqinile emaphaketheni ane-foil, ukugcinwa efrijini ebandayo ngezinga lokushisa elisuka ku- −10°C kuya ku- −18°C. Itiye elisanda kuthengwa kunconywa ukuthi lihlale izinsuku eziyi-7 ezingeni lokushisa lekamelo ukuze «kuchithwe ukushisa okusalile» (褪火气) bese kugcinwa isikhathi eside. Ezingeni lokushisa lekamelo endaweni emnyama neyomile — kufanele lisetshenziswe phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-3–6. Izitha zetiye: umswakama, ukukhanya, ukushisa, amaphunga, i-oxygen. Ukubhujwa kombiko opholile (冷后浑) akusona isibonakaliso sokonakala: lapho kufudunyezwa, ukucwebazela kubuyela ngokuphelele.

11. Intengo Nokukhohlisa:

IPíngyáng Huáng Tāng — itiye elibizayo, ikakhulukazi nguqulo ephuzi evela endaweni eyingqikithi yase-Cháoyángshān. Izinga eliphezulu — kusukela ku-5000 yuan nge-jīn ngayinye (500 g) nangaphezulu. Izinga lokuqala — 2000–4000 yuan. Izinga lesibili — 800–1800 yuan. Intengo ithonywa yilezi zinto: izinga, umthombo wezinto (amapulazi uma kuqhathaniswa «nasendle»), isizini (elesentwasahlobo libiza kakhulu kunelekwindla), indawo ethile yokutshala.

• Indlela yokugwema amamanga:
  • Thenga kubathengisi abagunyaziwe abanophawu lwe-«Píngyáng Huáng Tāng» kanye nelogo yesikhombisi sendawo.
  • I-Píngyáng Huáng Tāng yangempela — izintambo ezincane, ezibukekayo ezisongwe (hhayi eziphanyekile, hhayi eziyindilinga), ezinemvimba eningi nombala ophuzi ngokuhlaza.
  • Umbiko — obhulowu ngokwebhuliki (杏黄), ocwebezelayo, onohlaka olusagolide. Umbiko ohlaza okukhanyisa — akuyona i-Huáng Tāng.
  • Iphunga — kumele libe nomuzwa womumbu obisini (玉米香). Ukungabikhona kwaleli phunga kuwuphawu olusolisayo.
  • Inhloso enkulu yokukhohlisa: ukuthengisa itiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile lasePíngyáng njenge-Huáng Tāng. Itiye eliluhlaza lishibhile futhi alinayo iphunga lomumbu eliphawulekayo.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• IPíngyáng Huáng Tāng iwukuphela kwetiye eliphuzi elikhulu elaqhamuka engozini: ukutubeka okungahleliwe ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Wonke amanye (Jūnshān Yínzhēn, Mèngdǐng Huáng Yā, Hòshān Huáng Yā) anobuchwepheshe obakhiwe ngenhloso.
• UZhōng Wéibiāo — owayengumfundisi wasemakhaya owaba ngumsindisi we-Píngyáng Huáng Tāng — uyisibonelo sokuthi umuntu oyedwa angasivuselela kanjani isiko lonke letiye. Idolobhana lakubo i-Xīnlián, elake laba ngelinye lamampofu kakhulu esifundeni, laguqulwa laba isikhungo samatiye esichumayo esinengqalasizinda yezokuvakasha kanye nokuhamba kwabavakashi abangaphezu kuka-100,000 ngonyaka.
• Ubuchwepheshe be-«jiǔ hōng jiǔ mèn» (九烘九闷) — inqubo ende kunazo zonke ye-mènhuáng kuwo wonke amatiye aphuzi emhlabeni: amahora angaphezu kuka-72 kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni, kulokho amahora angu-18–22 esetshenziselwa ukutubeka okusebenzayo. Ukuqhathanisa: eMèngdǐng Huáng Yā — amahora angu-8–12, eMògān Huáng Yā — cishe amaminithi angu-40.
• Inhlabathi yasemlilweni yase-Cháoyángshān enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-selenium (0,74–0,80 mg/kg) — akuvamile ezindaweni zamatiye zase-Zhèjiāng. I-selenium iyi-antioxidant enamandla, futhi ukuba khona kwayo etiyeni kuthathwa njengenzuzo eyengeziwe.
• IPíngyáng Huáng Tāng ingelinye lamatiye aphuzi ambalwa afakwe ohlwini lwamazwe omhlaba lwezazi ezivikelekayo ngokomthetho ezingezikhombisi zendawo phakathi kwe-EU ne-China (2020), okuyenza ithole ukufinyelela emakethe yaseYurophu ngaphansi kwesivikelo ekuqanjweni.
• Isimo «samakristali asagolide» (金晶花) kumbiko opholile sibangelwa ukukristalisa kwezingxube ze-theaflavin — lesi yisenzakalo esibukeka sihle, esingabonwa engilazini ecwebile ngemva kokuphola ngokuphelele kwetiye.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Aphuzi:

• Jūnshān Yínzhēn (君山银针): Zombili zingenye zezine ezinkulu, kodwa i-Jūnshān i-«huáng yá chá» (eyenziwe ngemihlwa kuphela), kanti iPíngyáng i-«huáng xiǎo chá» (eyenziwe ngomuhlwa onamaqephu). I-Jūnshān — ifana namafutha, ibushelelezi; iPíngyáng — igcwele kakhulu, inomuzwa oqhamile womumbu. Ubuchwepheshe be-Jūnshān (ukusonga ngephepha) bulula kakhulu kune-«jiǔ hōng jiǔ mèn».
• Mèngdǐng Huáng Yā (蒙顶黄芽): I-Mèngdǐng — i-castanet-honey, emise okwenkemba, ene-«sān chǎo sān mēn» (ukuthosa kathathu nokutubeka kathathu). IPíngyáng — i-corn-floral, isongwe, ine-«jiǔ hōng jiǔ mèn». I-Mèngdǐng — itiye lombuso elinomlando weminyaka engu-2000; iPíngyáng — itiye elazalwa ngenxa yengozi futhi lavuselelwa ngokuphikelela.
• Mògān Huáng Yā (莫干黄芽): Zombili zingamatiye aphuzi ase-Zhèjiāng, kodwa zinesimilo esihluke ngokuphelele. I-Mògān — ilula, inezimbali, inomsindo woqalo, ukutubeka okukodwa okufushane. IPíngyáng — igcwele, inephunga lomumbu oqinile, ukutubeka kwezikhathi ezintathu okuthatha isikhathi. IPíngyáng «ijule» kakhulu futhi «ifudumele» kuphrofayili yencasa.
• Hòshān Huáng Yā (霍山黄芽): Ummeleli wase-Ānhuī wezine ezinkulu. I-Hòshān — inegabavu elengeziwe, inamaminerali, inesimilo «esiluhlaza». IPíngyáng — ithambile, imnandi, inoguquko oluphuzi oluphawulekayo ngenxa yokutubeka okuhamba isikhathi kakhulu.

Sekuphetheni:

IPíngyáng Huáng Tāng iyitiye elimlandwa walo ufundeka njengomzekeliso wokuguqulwa kokuhluleka kube ukutholakala, ukulahleka kube ukuvuselelwa, ubumpofu bube ukuchuma. Lazalwa ngengozi «yokutubeka» endleleni esuka emachwebeni aseningizimu liya ezikhulu zomhlaba wasenyakatho, lalahleka ezinxushunxushwini zezimpi, lase litholakala futhi ngenxa yokuphikelela komuntu oyedwa, leli tiye lithwele umqondo wokuthi: ikhwalithi yangempela ingumphumela wokubekezela, hhayi ukujaha. Ubuchwepheshe balo — obude kunabo bonke ematiyeni aphuzi, umbiko walo — ufudumele, njengokushona kwelanga okubhulowu ngokwebhuliki, iphunga lawo — linokuthula, njengephunga lomumbu omusha ekhishini lasehlobo. IPíngyáng Huáng Tāng iyitiye elifundisa ukuthi: ngezinye izikhathi okubonakala njengephutha, kuvele kube ukuqala kwesiko.