Nányuè Yúnwùchá

Nányuè Yúnwùchá (南岳云雾茶, Nányuè yúnwùchá) — “Itiye lefu-ne-nkungu leNtabeni yaseNingizimu” — itiye eliluhlaza elivela entabeni iHéngshān (衡山, Héngshān, 1300.2 m) — enye “yeZintaba Ezinhlanu Ezingcwele zaseChina” (五岳, Wǔ Yuè), ebizwa nangokuthi “INtaba yaseNingizimu” (南岳, Nányuè). IHéngshān iyona yodwa eNtabeni Ezinhlanu engaseningizimu yoMfula iYangtze, futhi iyona yodwa edume ngetiye: «五岳独秀，南岳称茶» (Wǔ Yuè dú xiù, Nányuè chēng chá) — “Phakathi kweZintaba Ezinhlanu yodwa enhle — futhi iNtaba yaseNingizimu yodwa idume ngetiye”. ULù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) encwadini yakhe ethi “I-Canon Yetiye” (《茶经》, Chájīng) wabhala: «茶出山南者，生衡山县山谷» — “Itiye elisuka eShānnán limila ezigodini zezintaba zesifunda saseHéngshān”. Amandla okuba namafu — angaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-240 ngonyaka, izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi — 11.5°C, imvula — 1600–2900 mm. Ngo-2023, itiye lafakwa “Kuhlu Lwamagama Amatiye Adumile Eminyaka Eyikhulu” (百年名茶名录, Bǎinián Míngchá Mínglù) futhi lahlonishwa ngesiqu esithi “Amatiye Adumile Ayishumi ase-Hunan” (湖南十大名茶).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nendabuko:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavuthisiwe. Likhiqizwa ngezimo ezimbili: isimo sendabuko esisongelwe (紧细卷曲, jǐnxì juǎnqū — “Pílú Yúnwù”, 毗庐云雾, Pílú Yúnwù, eliqanjwe ngendawo yalo — umhume i-Pílúdòng) kanye nesimo sesimanje esiyisicaba (扁形, biǎnxíng — “Shòuyuè Yúnfēng”, 寿岳云峰, Shòuyuè Yúnfēng, “Iziqongo Zamafu Zentaba Yokuphila Isikhathi Eside”). Ubuchwepheshe — ukugazinga (炒青, chǎoqīng) kanye nokoma kokugcina ngamalahle okhuni emazingeni okushisa angama-70°C.

• Isigaba: Umkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo se-Geographical Indication ye-People’s Republic of China (国家地理标志产品, 2013). “Igongcha” le-Tang (贡茶). Ifakwe “Kuhlu Lwamagama Amatiye Adumile Eminyaka Eyikhulu” (百年名茶名录, 2023). “Amatiye Adumile Ayishumi ase-Hunan” (湖南十大名茶, 2023). Enye “Yezintaba Ezinhlanu Ezingcwele zaseChina” (五岳). Isitifiketi se-organic saseYurophu. Ngo-2024 — 175,600 mu wezingadi zetiye, ~200 amathani ebanga eliphezulu, inani eliphelele lezigidi ezingama-260 yuan.

• Indabuko: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南省, Húnán Shěng), idolobha i-Héngyáng (衡阳市, Héngyáng Shì), isifunda i-Nányuè (南岳区, Nányuè Qū). Intaba i-Héngshān (衡山, Héngshān), iziqongo ezingama-72, esikhulu ngu-Zhùróng Fēng (祝融峰, Zhùróng Fēng, 1300.2 m).

• Izixhumanisi zejografi: 27°12′ N, 112°42′ E (isiqongo i-Zhùróngfēng).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Inkathi ye-Tang (唐, Táng) — u-Lù Yǔ kanye “namatiye angama-50”. U-Lù Yǔ encwadini yakhe ethi “I-Canon Yetiye” (《茶经》, cishe ngo-760) wabhala: «茶出山南者，生衡山县山谷» — “Itiye elisuka [esifundeni] saseShānnán limila ezigodini zezintaba zesifunda saseHéngshān”. Ku-”Isithasiselo Somlando Wombuso We-Tang” (《唐国史补》, Táng Guó Shǐ Bǔ, umbhali — uLǐ Zhào, 李肇, Lǐ Zhào) u-Nányuè Yúnwùchá ufakwe phakathi kwamatiye adumile angaphezu kwama-50 ombuso — olunye lwamalistu amadala kakhulu amatiye aphambili aseChina.

• Inkathi ye-Song (宋, Sòng) — ukuthunyelwa eVietnam. Umbhalo othi “Shānfū Jīngshòu Lù” (《膳夫经手录》, “Amarekhodi Omphathi Wezidlo”): «衡山茶岁取十万，自潇湘达于五岭，远销交趾» — “Njalo ngonyaka [bathatha] 100,000 [jin] yetiye laseHéngshān, kusukela eXiāoxiāng kuze kufike ezindaweni eziyizingqimba ezinhlanu, [balithengisela] kude eJiāozhǐ [Vietnam]”. 100,000 jin (~60 amathani) ngonyaka — inani elimangalisayo ngetiye lasentabeni lenkathi ye-Song, okukhombisa izinga elikhulu lokukhiqiza.

• Inkathi ye-Song — u-Zhū Xī noZhāng Shì. Izazi ezinkulu ze-neo-Confucian u-Zhū Xī (朱熹, Zhū Xī, 1130–1200) no-Zhāng Shì (张栻, Zhāng Shì, 1133–1180), ekhuphukeni kwabo ndawonye eHéngshān, baphuza itiye ethempelini laseShàngfēngsì (上封寺) futhi bashiya amarekhodi ezinkondlo.

• Izinkondlo ze-Tang. Imbongi ye-Tang u-Lǐ Qúnyù (李群玉, Lǐ Qúnyù, cishe 808–862) wadvumisa itiye laseHéngshān enkondlweni ethi “Lóngshān rén huì shílǐn fāng jí tuánchá” (《龙山人惠石廪方及团茶》, “Umhlali waseLóngshān uphisa [ngetiye] lasesibayelweni samatshe kanye netiye elicindezelwe”).

• Inkathi ye-Ming — u-Wáng Fūzhī. Isazi esikhulu se-Confucian sase-Ming sakamuva — u-Wáng Fūzhī (王夫之, Wáng Fūzhī, 1619–1692), owaziwa nangokuthi u-Wáng Chuánshān (王船山, Wáng Chuánshān), — wabhala i-”Nányuè cǎichá shī” (《南岳采茶诗》, “Izinkondlo Zokukha Itiye ENtabeni YaseNingizimu”), ezaziwa nangokuthi “Nányuè zhāichá cí” (《南岳摘茶词》). Umugga othi «山下秧争韭叶长，山中茶赛马兰香» — “Ngezansi irayisi lincintisana namahlumela kagaliki ngobude, bese entabeni itiye lincintisana nama-orchid ngephunga elimnandi” — waba yisibonelo esifundwayo. Iqiniso lokuthi isazi sezinga lika-Wáng Fūzhī sanikela ngenkondlo ephelele ngetiye liyivelakancane emlandweni wobuhlakani baseChina.

• 1972 — igama lesimanje. Igama elithi «南岳云雾茶» (Nányuè Yúnwùchá) laqinisekiswa ngokusemthethweni. 1980–1982 — iminyaka emithathu ilandelana isikhundla so”mikhiqizo osezingeni lomnyango” (部优产品). 2013 — ukubhaliswa kwe-GI. 2023 — ukufakwa “Kuhlu Lwamagama Amatiye Adumile Eminyaka Eyikhulu”.

• Igama. 南岳 (Nányuè) — “INtaba yaseNingizimu”, igama lendabuko lentaba iHéngshān njengenye yezintaba ezinhlanu ezingcwele. 云雾 (yúnwù) — “amafu nenkungu”, okubhekisa esimeni sezulu esincane: izinsuku zenkungu ezingama-240+ ngonyaka. 茶 (chá) — “itiye”. Igama lakudala — “Yùshān Chá” (岳山茶, “Itiye Lentaba Engcwele”).

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko. I-Héngshān iyisizinda sobuningi bobudobi kanye nobuBuddha ngasikhathi sinye. Ithempeli i-Nányuè Dàmiào (南岳大庙, Nányuè Dàmiào) — liyikhompiyuta enkulu kunawo wonke eNingizimu yeChina, lapho izindawo ezingcwele zobuDobi nezobuBuddha zihlala ndawonye ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa. I-Héngshān ibizwa nangokuthi “Intaba Yokuphila Isikhathi Eside” (寿岳, Shòuyuè), futhi itiye elimila kuyo — “iphuzo elingcwele leziqongo ezinhlanu”, “Itiye Lokuphila Isikhathi Eside” (寿茶, shòuchá). Isifunda i-Nányuè sihlonishwe ngesiqu esithi “Ikhaya Lesiko Letiye Lokuphila Isikhathi Eside LaseChina” (中华寿茶文化之乡). Isiko “lomnikelo wokuqala wetiye lasentwasahlobo” (春茶祭典, chūnchá jìdiǎn), elavuselelwa ngo-2007 ngemva kokunqamuka isikhathi eside, linomlando ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-4000 futhi lisohlwini lwabazongenela isikhundla sefa elingaphatheki.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Izinhlobo / I-cultivar: Izinhlobo zendawo ezixubile (本地群体种, běndì qúntǐ zhǒng), Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, amelana neqhwa, iqabunga linamanzi, linesakhiwo esiminyene. Iphrofayili ye-biochemical: ama-polyphenol — ≥25%, ama-amino acid — ≥3.5% (ukuvunwa kwentwasahlobo — kufika ku-3.8%, cishe ngo-15% ngaphezulu kunezifaniso zezindawo eziphansi), i-caffeine — ≥2.0%, izithako ezincibilika emanzini — ≥40%.

• Ukuvuna: Intwasahlobo (春茶, chūnchá) — okuyinhloko. Ibanga eliphakeme — “iqabunga eligcwele” noma “iqabunga elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa” (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè), elivunwa ngoMashi–Ephreli. Ukuvuna kwekwindla (秋茶, qiūchá) ngisho nokwasebusika (冬茶, dōngchá) nakho kuyenziwa — okuyivelakancane kumatiye aluhlaza.

• Indinganiso yokuvuna: Amacembe kufanele abe aphelele, anoboya obuningi. Nge-”Pílú Yúnwù” — iqabunga elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa elithambile; nge-”Shòuyuè Yúnfēng” — isimo esiyisicaba ngokwengeziwe sokuvuna.

• Amabanga: Eliphakeme (特级, tèjí): iqabunga eligcwele noma iqabunga elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa. Iphunga le-castnut-orchid. Kusuka ku-1000 yuan nge-500 g. Ibanga lokuqala (一级): 300–500 yuan. Ibanga elikhulu (二级 nangaphansi).

• Umnyombo wokukhiqiza. Ithempeli i-Guǎngjì Sì (广济寺, Guǎngjì Sì, “Ithemple Lokusindiswa Kwakho Konke”), elisezansi kwe-Shílǐnfēng (石廪峰), kanye nomhume i-Pílú Dòng (毗庐洞, Pílú Dòng, “Umhume Wokukhanya”), endaweni ephakeme ~900 m. Lapha kuba namafu izinsuku ezingama-240 futhi kukhiqizwa ~60% webanga eliphakeme. Ingadi yetiye “Lóngchí” (龙池村石山茶场, Lóngchí Cūn) — emamitheni angama-800, 2000 mu, kuthuthukiswa ezokuvakasha kwetiye.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshalwa:

• Isimo sendawo nesimo sezulu. I-Héngshān iyithanga lezintaba elineziqongo ezingama-72, enwetshwa amakhilomitha angama-800 li (cishe amakhilomitha angama-400). Izingadi zetiye zitholakala ikakhulukazi esigodini esiphakathi kweziqongo i-Zhùróngfēng (祝融峰, 1300 m), i-Fúróngfēng (芙蓉峰, “Isiqongo Se-Lotus”) kanye ne-Zǐgàifēng (紫盖峰, “Isiqongo Sesembozo Esinsomi”). Isigodi esinobubanzi nobude obucishe bube amakhilomitha ayi-10 (20 li) sizinze izintaba ngezinhlangothi ezintathu, okudalela umphumela “wokushisa kwemvelo kwenkungu”. Isimo sezulu siwomswakama wasezintabeni eziphansi kwe-equator. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi — 11.5°C — elinye lamazinga aphansi kakhulu ezindaweni zetiye zaseHunan. Imvula — 1600–2900 mm (ukuhlukahluka okukhulu okudalwe ukuhluka kokuphakama). Amandla okuba namafu — angaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-240 (ngokweminye imithombo — kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-280). Ukukhanya okuhlakazekile — ngaphezu kuka-70%. Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa phakathi nobusuku nemini — ngaphezu kuka-10°C. Okuqukethwe ama-ion amabi — kuze kufike ku-27,000 nge-sentimitha yesikwele.

• Ukuphakama okumila kuso: 600–1100 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ibanga elifanele — 800–1100 m.

• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi enesihlabathi esinemvelaphi yegwadle (花岗岩风化砂质土壤, huāgāngyán fēnghuà shāzhì tǔrǎng). I-pH — 5.5–6.5. Okuqukethwe izinto eziphilayo — ≥2%. Isici esiyingqayizivele: inhlabathi inothiswe ngenitrogen ngomshini wokulungiswa kwezulu (雷雨固氮, léiyǔ gùdàn) — ukukhishwa kagesi ngezikhathi zokuduma kwezulu okuguqula i-nitrogen yasemoyeni (N₂) ibe yi-nitrate, ekhukhuleka ngemvula ingene enhlabathini. Lo mshini, ochazwe kahle kwezolimo, kodwa okukhulunywa ngawo okungavamile kakhulu mayelana nezindawo zetiye, uchaza ukwanda “kobumanzi” nokunamanzi kweqabunga letiye laseHéngshān. Isembozo sehlathi — 76%. Izinga lamanzi — ibanga lokuqala (高标准水质).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bulandela umgomo othi «三保一高» (sānbǎo yīgāo, “ukulondolozwa okuthathu, into eyodwa efiswayo”):

• 保翠绿色泽 (bǎo cuìlǜ sèzé) — ukulondoloza umbala ohlaza okotshani
• 保茸毫附体 (bǎo róngháo fùtǐ) — ukulondoloza uboya obusesihlokweni setiye
• 保锋苗完整 (bǎo fēngmiáo wánzhěng) — ukulondoloza ukuphelela kwegatsha
• 求香高持久 (qiú xiāng gāo chíjiǔ) — ukufinyelela iphunga elimnandi na elimi isikhathi eside

Izigaba:

• Ukusakaza (摊青, tān qīng): Ezisefeni zemfece, amahora ama-4–6. Ukuqala kokuguquguquka okwenzeka ngenye indlela, ukwakheka kwephunga langaphambili.

• “Ukubulawa kokuluhlaza” (杀青, shā qīng): 180–200°C, isigubhu esijikelezayo (滚筒, gǔntǒng). Ukungasebenzi kwe-polyphenol oxidase, ukuqinisa umbala. Umphathi ulawula inqubo ngokubuka nangokuthinta.

• Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Indlela yesandla “Tàijí Bàoqiú” (太极抱球, Tàijí Bàoqiú, “i-Taiji: ukuyenga ibhola”) — inqubo efana naleyo esetshenziswa e-Liányúngǎng Yúnwùchá (连云港云雾茶) yase-Jiangsu, eyamukelwa njengefa elingaphatheki. Intende yesandla icwebile, ingcindezi ilinganiselwe — umphathi sengathi “iyenga ibhola elingabonakali” phakathi kwezintende, subtly ibumba isongelo. Ukucindezela ngomshini akuvunyelwe — ukusonga ngesandla kuphela ukuze kulondolozwe ukuphelela kwegatsha noboya.

• Ukoma kokuqala (初干, chūgān): 100–120°C. Ukwehlisa umswakama.

• Ukusonga kabusha nokuphakamisa uboya (复揉提毫, fùróu tíháo): Ukubunjwa okwengeziwe nokuvezwa koboya besiliva.

• Ukoma kokugcina — ngamalahle okhuni (炭火, tànhuǒ): 70°C. Ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle okhuni (hhayi omiso lukagesi) kunika ‘ukuthinta’ okuncane “kwamalahle” futhi kuqinisekisa ukususwa komswakama okulinganayo nokuthambile.

6. Izici Ezizwayo:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isimo esisongelwe (Pílú Yúnwù): izongela eziminyene, ezicuthene, ezihlaza okotshani ngobuningi noboya besiliva obuningi. Isimo esiyisicaba (Shòuyuè Yúnfēng): liqonde, “njengeshilo” (眉形, méixíng), libushelelezi. Isici esivamile — ukucwazimula okunamafutha nokuhlanganiswa.

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga le-castnut (栗香, lìxiāng) — ithoni eyinhloko. Ukuthinta okuncane “okusehlathini” kwezinalitina zamaphayini nobulembu. Amabanga aphakeme — ukuthinta kwe-orchid (兰花香, lánhuāxiāng), okuyiphunga lesakhi selokhu eliphakeme laseHéngshān.

• Iphunga lokumnika: I-castnut-orchid, eligcwele futhi elinezingqimba eziningi. Ukuphunga kwe-orchid kuvezwa ekuphindweni kwesi-2.-3. Inkomishi ebandayo igcina iphunga isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10. Ukuthinta okuncane kwamalahle okhuni okuvela ekomeni ngamalahle okhuni.

• Ukunambitha: Okusha (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng). Okuminyene, “okunomzimba” (醇厚, chúnhòu) — ukugcwala okubangelwa izinto eziphezulu ezincibilika emanzini (≥40%). Ukubuya koshukela omningi (回甘, huígān) — okude (回甘悠长, huígān yōucháng), okubangelwa amazinga aphezulu kashukela oncibilika. Ukuncipha komphimbo kuncane, kulinganiselwe.

• Umbala wokumnika: Oluhlaza okotshani ophuzi, ogqamile futhi ocacile (黄绿明亮, huánglǜ míngliàng).

• Iqabunga elingaphansi (iqabunga elingene): Lithambile, “izimbali” (嫩匀成朵, nèn yún chéng duǒ), amacembe aphelele anochungechunge “lomngcele wethusi” (铜边, tóngbiān) — umngcele omncane o-oxidized ngaseceleni kweqabunga, okukhombisa ukulingana okufanele phakathi “kokubulawa kokuluhlaza” nokusebenza okulandelayo. “Umngcele wethusi” uphawu lweqiniso lwe-Nányuè Yúnwùchá.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-polyphenol (茶多酚): ≥25%. Ama-catechin (EGCG, EGC, EC, ECG) anikeza umsebenzi wokulwa ne-oxidant kanye nokuncipha komphimbo okulinganiselwe.

• Ama-amino acid: ≥3.5% (ukuvunwa kwentwasahlobo — kufika ku-3.8%, cishe ngo-15% ngaphezulu kwezifaniso zezindawo eziphansi). I-L-theanine iyona egqamile, ebangela ukusha nomphumela wokuphumula.

• I-caffeine (咖啡碱): ≥2.0%. Umphumela omaphakathi wokuvuselela.

• Izinto ezincibilika emanzini: ≥40% — inani eliphezulu, elihlinzeka ngokumnika “okugcwele”, okunothe.

• I-nitrogen enhlabathini. Inothiswe ngomshini wokulungiswa kwezulu (雷雨固氮) — isici esiyingqayizivele se-terroir, esingachazwanga kwezinye izifunda zetiye zaseHunan.

• Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C, B₁, B₂, P (i-rutin), ama-carotenoid (i-pro-vitamin A). Amazinga aphezulu amavithamini abangelwa ukusebenza ngokuluhlaza (ukungabikho kokuvutsheka kulondoloza iphrofayili yamavithamini).

• Amaminerali: I-potassium (K), i-phosphorus (P), i-magnesium (Mg), i-calcium (Ca), i-manganese (Mn), i-iron (Fe), i-zinc (Zn), i-fluoride (F).

• Amafutha abalulekile: I-Linalool, i-geraniol, i-nerol — akha iphrofayili yephunga le-castnut-orchid. Ukuphunga kwe-orchid (兰花香) — uphawu lokuhlonipha lwetiye laseHéngshān.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

• Umsebenzi wokulwa ne-oxidant. Ama-polyphenol (≥25%) kanye nama-amino acid ngokubambisana asusa ama-radical akhululekile. I-catechin EGCG — enye yezinto ezinamandla kakhulu zemvelo zokulwa ne-oxidant.

• Umphumela wokuvuselela. I-caffeine (≥2.0%) ehlanganiswe ne-L-theanine inikeza umfutho omapahakathi, ozinzile — “ukuphaphama okunokuqonda” ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.

• Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla. Ama-catechin akhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwejusi yesisu nokunyakaza kwamathumbu. Imithi yendabuko yaseHunan ichaza itiye laseHéngshān njengendlela «消食化痰» (xiāoshí huàtán, “encibilikisa ukudla nehlukanisa amakhwehlela”).

• Umphumela wokuvikela inhliziyo. Ama-catechin anomthelela ekwehliseni amazinga e-LDL-cholesterol nokulondolozwa kokunwebeka kwemithambo.

• Ukusekela umzimba. Ama-polyphenol avuselela ukwephuka kwamafutha. Ukunothiswa kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini (i-nitrogen yokuduma kwezulu) kungaba nomthelela emazingeni aphakeme e-L-theanine, okuthi yona, yenze kube lula ukuphumula ngaphandle kokulaliswa.

• Imisebenzi yokuqonda. I-L-theanine yenyusa izinga lamagagasi e-alpha ebuchosheleni, inikezele ekugxiliseni ingqondo nasekusunguleni okusha.

• Impilo yomlomo. I-fluoride nama-catechin acindezela ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi, aqinise uqweqwe lwamazinyo.

• Ukuqeda ubuthi. Isici sendabuko — «清心除烦» (qīngxīn chúfán, “ukuhlambulula inhliziyo nokususa ukukhathazeka”) — sihlobene nokusebenza okuhlangene kwe-L-theanine nama-polyphenol.

9. Ukuphisa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85°C. Ngebanga eliphakeme — 75°C. Kunconywa amanzi entaba angenawo umthelela omuhle noma i-pH engathathi hlangothi.

• Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).

• Izitsha: Ingilazi eyingilazi (ukubuka ukuvuleka kwezongela) noma i-gaiwan emhlophe yobumba (盖碗). Ngesimo esiyisicaba “Shòuyuè Yúnfēng”, igedlela lobumba nalo liyafaneleka.

• Inqubo:

  1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi abilayo, wakhame.
  2. Thela u-3 g wetiye.
  3. Thela u-1/3 wevolumu ngamanzi (80°C), vumela itiye licwile ~imizuzwana engama-30.
  4. Faka amanzi kuze kufike ku-7/10 wevolumu.
  5. Ukuphisa kokuqala — imizuzu emi-3.
  6. Kumelana nokuphisa okugcwele okungu-3, okulandelayo ngakunye — +imizuzwana engama-30.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izitsha: Ezivalekile — izikhwama ezingenalutha eziphindaphindwayo, izigubhu zikathayela ezinezivalo eziminyene.
• Izinga lokushisa: Esiqandisini, 0–5°C.
• Izitha zetiye: Umswakama, ukukhanya, amaphunga angaphandle (ikakhulukazi iziqhumiso zasethempelini — ezibalulekile eHéngshān.), umoya-mpilo, ukufudumala.
• Isikhathi: Izinyanga eziyi-12 kusukela ngosuku lokukhiqizwa.

11. Intengo Nobuqili:

• Ibanga lentengo (2024):

  • Eliphakeme (特级): kusuka ku-1000 yuan nge-500 g.
  • Lokuqala (一级): 300–500 yuan.
  • Okuningi (二级): 100–300 yuan.

• Izinto ezibeka intengo: Ubude obuvuniwe (800–1100 m — indawo ephambili), ibanga lezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukusebenza ngesandla (indlela ye-”Tàijí Bàoqiú”), ukoma kokugcina ngamalahle okhuni.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukopela:

  • Thenga itiye elinophawu lwesikhombi sendawo «南岳云雾茶» kanye nesitifiketi sendabuko.
  • Isici esiyinhloko sobuqiniso besimo esisongelwe — “umngcele wethusi” (铜边) eqabungeni eliningiwe. Ukungabikho komngcele wethusi uphawu olusolisayo.
  • Iphunga — i-castnut-orchid, ngaphandle kwamanothi abolile noma amuncu. Ukunukethwa kwe-orchid uphawu lokuhlonipha lwamabanga aphezulu.
  • Ukumnika — ophuzi ngokuluhlaza, ogqamile, ocacile.
  • Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo “webanga eliphakeme” (engaphansi kuka-200 yuan nge-500 g) — cishe uphawu oluqinisekisiwe lobuqili.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

• Iyona yodwa “yasezintabeni ezinhlanu ezingcwele”, edume ngetiye. I-Tàishān, i-Huàshān, i-Héngshān (恒山, enyakatho), ne-Sōngshān — ziyizintaba ezingenasiko letiye elibalulekile. I-Ntaba yaseNingizimu kuphela — iHéngshān (衡山) — ekhiqiza itiye kusukela enkathini ye-Tang. Lesi isikhundla esiyingqayizivele: “intaba engcwele + itiye elidume”.

• 100,000 jin yetiye enkathini ye-Song → ukuthunyelwa eVietnam. Inani “elivela eXiāoxiāng kuze kufike eziqongweni ezinhlanu, kude eJiāozhǐ” — elinye lamakhulu ngetiye lasentabeni lenkathi ye-Song. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi u-Nányuè Yúnwùchá wayengeyona nje i-”gongcha” ephambili, kodwa futhi nomkhiqizo ohwebo olukhulu.

• U-Wáng Fūzhī wabhala ngokukhiwa kwetiye. Esinye sezazi ezinkulu ze-Confucian emlandweni wonke waseChina sanikela ngenkondlo ephelele yokukhiwa kwetiye eHéngshān — i-”Nányuè zhāichá cí”. Iqiniso lokuthi isazi sezinga lika-Wáng Fūzhī (ofaniswa noLeibniz noSpinoza) sathola itiye njengesihloko esifanele senkondlo, likhuluma ngesikhundla samasiko sika-Nányuè Yúnwùchá.

• “I-Tàijí: ukwanga ibhola” — inqubo evela kwezobuciko bokulwa ekukhiqizweni kwetiye. Indlela yokusonga “太极抱球” izuza ukunyakaza ku-Tàijíquán. Inqubo efanayo isetshenziswa e-Liányúngǎng Yúnwùchá (Jiangsu) — isibonelo esingavamile sokuhlanganyelwa kwezobuchwepheshe imiphakathi ehlukene.

• I-nitrogen yokuduma kwezulu (雷雨固氮). Ukunothiswa kwenhlabathi nge-nitrogen ngokukhishwa kagesi ngezikhathi zokuduma kwezulu — isici esiyingqayizivele se-terroir yaseHéngshān, esingachazwanga kwezinye izifunda zetiye. Umshini waziwa kahle kwezolimo, kodwa umthelela wawo eqabungeni letiye awukaze uphenywe ngokuhlelekile — iHéngshān ingaba yindawo yalolu phenyo.

• “Umngcele wethusi” (铜边) — uphawu lweqiniso. Umngcele o-oxidised ngaseceleni kweqabunga eliningiwe ungumphumela wokulingana okuqondile phakathi “kokubulawa kokuluhlaza” nezigaba ezilandelayo. Umngcele wethusi oqine kakhulu ukhomba ukweqisa, ukungabikho kwawo — ukusebenza okunganele.

• Isiko “Lomnikelo Wetiyeni Yentwasahlobo” (春茶祭典) leminyaka engama-4000. Isiko elavuselelwa ngo-2007 lokunikela ngetiye konkulunkulu bentaba iHéngshān — elinye lamakhulu amadala agciniwe e-China. Kusukela lapho, umcimbi wenziwe izikhathi eziyi-11 ngokubamba iqhaza kukahulumeni wesifundazwe nowedolobha, kanye nezithunywa ezivela ezifundeni ezingaphezu kwezingama-20 ezikhiqiza itiye.

• «寿茶» — “Itiye Lokuphila Isikhathi Eside”. I-Héngshān ibizwa “NjengeNtaba Yokuphila Isikhathi Eside” (寿岳), futhi itiye elitshalwe emithambekeni yalo ngokwesiko libhekwa “njengetiye elinikela ukuphila isikhathi eside”. Isifunda i-Nányuè sihlonishwe ngesiqu esithi “Ikhaya Lesiko Letiye Lokuphila Isikhathi Eside LaseChina” (中华寿茶文化之乡) okuvela ku-China International Tea Culture Research Association — ukuqashelwa okungenasidingo okuhlanganisa iminyango eyehlukene.

• U-Zhū Xī waphuza itiye eHéngshān. Isazi esikhulu se-neo-Confucian u-Zhū Xī (朱熹) nomngane wakhe u-Zhāng Shì (张栻), ekhuphukeni kwabo ndawonye eHéngshān, bashiya amarekhodi ezinkondlo ngokuphuzwa kwetiye ethempelini laseShàngfēngsì — iqiniso elixhumanisa u-Nányuè Yúnwùchá namasiko okuphakama kakhulu obuhlakani base-China benkathi ye-Song.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

• I-Línglóng Lǜ Chá (玲珑绿茶, e-Hunan). Womabili — aphakeme ase-Hunan. I-Línglóng — isimo esiyingqayizivele “esiyihukhu”, ama-amino acid angu-5.15%. I-Yúnwùchá — esisongelwe noma eyisicaba, ama-amino acid angu-3.5% cishe. I-Línglóng — irekhodi lezemvelo (Guinness), i-Yúnwùchá — irekhodi lamasiko (iyona yodwa “intaba engcwele” enetiye). I-Línglóng — incane emlandweni (iminyaka engama-300), i-Yúnwùchá — i-”gongcha” ye-Tang (iminyaka engaphezu kwe-1200).

• I-Lúshān Yúnwùchá (庐山云雾茶, e-Jiangxi). Elinye itiye elikhulu “lamafu nenkungu” lase-China, elinye “lamatiye amakhulu ayishumi”. Womabili — aphakeme, anenkungu eningi. I-Lúshān — idume kakhulu ezingeni likazwelonke, ifakwe “kweshumi”; i-Nányuè — “kweshumi lase-Hunan”. Izindawo ziyefana: inhlabathi yegwadle, inkungu, ukukhanya okuhlakazekile. Iziprofayili zokunambitha ziseduze — i-castnut, okusha. I-Lúshān ayinaso isikhundla “sentaba engcwele” (ifakwe ohlwini lwamagugu omhlaba e-UNESCO, kodwa hhayi “eziqongweni ezinhlanu”).

• I-Méngdǐng Gān Lù (蒙顶甘露, e-Sichuan). I-”gongcha” yakudala kakhulu yase-China (kusukela enkathini ye-Han). Isimo esisongelwe, ukunambitheka okunoshukela. I-terroir — i-Méngshān (1456 m). I-Méngdǐng — inoshukela ngokwengeziwe futhi ithambile, i-Yúnwùchá — iminyene futhi “inomzimba”. Zombili — zinamagama “amafu” nomlando weziwaka leminyaka.

• I-Huángshān Máofēng (黄山毛峰, e-Anhui). Elinye itiye elivela entabeni “engcwele” (i-Huángshān — ayifakwa “eziqongweni ezinhlanu”, kodwa isohlwini lwe-UNESCO). Isimo esiyisicaba / esisongelwe kancane. I-Máofēng — ilula kakhulu, enezimbali; i-Yúnwùchá — iminyene kakhulu, i-castnut-orchid. Zombili — zingamatiye “amafu” avela ezintabeni eziphakeme.

• I-Píngwǔ Lǜ Chá (平武绿茶, e-Sichuan). Zombili — eziphakeme ezinezici eziphawulekayo. I-Píngwǔ — irekhodi le-selenium (Se ×260), “umlilo we-Yin-Yang”; i-Yúnwùchá — irekhodi lamafu (izinsuku ezingama-240), “i-nitrogen yokuduma kwezulu”, ukuhlobana nentaba engcwele. I-Yúnwùchá — inomlando omningi kakhulu; i-Píngwǔ — inothe kakhulu ngamaminerali.

Ukuphetha:

U-Nányuè Yúnwùchá — itiye elivela entabeni yodwa “esezintabeni ezinhlanu ezingcwele” edume ngetiye: izinsuku ezingama-240 zenkungu, izinga lokushisa lonyaka elingu-11.5°C, imvula efinyelela ku-2900 mm, i-nitrogen yokuduma kwezulu enhlabathini kanye nephunga le-orchid — ifomula engenakuphindwa kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwaseHéngshān. Kusukela “egongcheni” ye-Tang nokuthunyelwa kwe-Song eVietnam kuze kufike ezinkondlweni zika-Wáng Fūzhī kanye nokusonga okuthi “I-Tàijí: ukwanga ibhola” — u-Nányuè Yúnwùchá ungowalabo abaphuza hhayi isiphuzo nje kuphela, kodwa intaba engcwele, umlando weziwaka leminyaka, nokukhanya kwamafu, okugotshwe esitsheni.