Nánjīng Yǔhuā Chá · new.thetea.app

Nánjīng Yǔhuā Chá — omunye wezinkambiso eziyishumi ezinkulu zetiye laseShayina futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ungolunye lwezinsizwa kakhulu kuzo: umlando walo uneminyaka engaphansi kwamashumi ayisikhombisa. Wasungulwa ngonyaka we-1959 njengendlela yokukhumbula amavukela-mbuso abulawa endaweni yase Yǔhuātái, leli tiye laveza ifilosofi yokuqina nenkumbulo eluhlaza njalo — futhi layibumba ngesimo sezinaliti zikaphayini. I-Yǔ Huā Chá iyimeleli lesigaba esiyivelakancane futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe se-«zhēn-xíng chá» (针形茶, zhēnxíng chá) — amatiye ayizinaliti, okwenziwa kwawo kwamukelwa ngabenzi betiye njengokunzima kakhulu kuwo wonke amatiye aluhlaza. Ubuchwepheshe balo obuhlukile bokubumba obubizwa nge-«cuō tiáo — zhuā tiáo» (搓条抓条), olubizwa nge-«bhaleyi ezintendeni zezandla» (手中芭蕾, shǒuzhōng bālěi), ngonyaka we-2022 lwafakwa ohlwini lwamagugu angaphatheki we-UNESCO njengengxenye ye-«Amasu endabuko okukhiqiza itiye nemikhuba ehlobene yawo eShayina». I-Yǔ Huā Chá iphinde ibe ngenye yezingqungqulu ezintathu ze-«Izinaliti ezintathu ezidumile zaseShayina» (中国三针, Zhōngguó Sānzhēn) kanye ne-Ānhuà Sōng Zhēn (安化松针) kanye ne-Ēnshī Yù Lù (恩施玉露).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga (elingaxutywanga). Ngokobuchwepheshe bokusebenza lingaphansi kwe-chǎo-qīng (炒青, chǎoqīng) — «amatiye aluhlaza agazingiwe», lapho ukuqiniswa kwama-enzyme («ukubulawa kokuhlaza») kwenziwa epanini elishisayo. Ngokokuma — itiye eliyinaliti (针形, zhēnxíng).
Isigaba: Omunye wamatiye ayishumi adumile aseShayina (中国十大名茶, Zhōngguó Shí Dà Míngchá), owafakwa okokuqala ohlwini ngo-1959 emhlanganweni kazwelonke wokuhlola amatiye adumile. Umkhiqizo kazwelonke onesiqinisekiso sezindawo (地理标志产品, dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn), ovikelwe izinga le-GB/T 20605-2006. Kusukela ngo-2020 — isohlwini lwezimvumelwano zezindawo ze-KRShina ne-EU.
Umvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe sase Jiangsū (江苏, Jiāngsū), idolobha elingaphansi kwesifundazwe iNánjīng (南京, Nánjīng). Indawo yokuqala — ithuna lika-Sun Yat-sen entabeni i-Zǐjīnshān (中山陵, Zhōngshān Líng) kanye nepaki yesikhumbuzo i-Yǔhuātái (雨花台, Yǔhuātái). Indawo yesimanje yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa wonke amasipala wedolobha lase Nánjīng: izifunda eziyisishiyagalolunye, amalokishi angamashumi amathathu nanye, ingqikithi yamasimu etiye angaba amahektha ayi-8 000. Umnyombo wokukhiqiza — amasimu etiye asezindaweni zezikhumbuzo i-Zhōngshānlíng kanye ne-Yǔhuātái, kanye nezifunda zase Jiāngníng (江宁), Lìshuǐ (溧水), Gāochún (高淳), Pǔkǒu (浦口), Liùhé (六合), Qīxiá (栖霞).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u-32°03’ womugqa wenyakatho, u-118°46’ womugqa wasempumalanga (isikhungo seNánjīng).
Amanye amagama: Yǔ Huā Chá (雨花茶, Yǔhuā Chá — igama elifushanisiwe); ngaphambili (ngaphambi kuka-1959) izinto zokusetshenziswa zalesi sifunda zazaziwa njenge-Zhōngshān Yúnwù Chá (钟山云雾茶, Zhōngshān Yúnwù Chá — «Itiye lamafu lentaba i-Zhōngshān»).

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka ngokwamasiko:

Izimpande zasendulo zesiko letiye lase Nánjīng: Nakuba i-Yǔ Huā Chá uqobo ingumusha, umlando wokulinywa kwetiye eNánjīng usukela enkathini yamaShayina ayisithupha (六朝, Liùcháo, III–VI eminyaka). Kwakusekhaya lelo elalibizwa nge-Jiànkāng (建康, Jiànkāng — igama lakudala leNánjīng) lapho kwaqala khona isiko letiye laseShayina njengento ebonakalayo: umkhuba «wokumisa iwayini ngetiye» (以茶代酒, yǐ chá dài jiǔ) kuthiwa uvela enkantolo yombusi u-Wú Sūn Hào (孙皓), owayehlezi eNánjīng. Ngenkathi yamaTang, «umhlonishwa wetiye» u-Lù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) wazihambela mathupha esigodlweni i-Qīxiá Sì (栖霞寺, Qīxiá Sì) entabeni i-Qīxiá uyokha futhi enambitha itiye, njengoba kufakazela imbongi u-Huángfǔ Rǎn (皇甫冉, Huángfǔ Rǎn) enkondlweni ethi «Ngiphelezela u-Lù Hóngjiàn esigodlweni i-Qīxiá eyokha itiye» (《送陆鸿渐栖霞寺采茶》). Emthambekeni ongemuva wesigodlo i-Qīxiá kusekhona amanxiwa e-«Ndlini yokuhlola itiye» (试茶亭, Shìchá Tíng) kanye nombhalo othi «Umthombo wobisi olumhlophe» (白乳泉, Bái Rǔ Quán), ohlobene no-Lù Yǔ. Umbusi wamaMing u-Zhū Yuánzhāng (朱元璋, Zhū Yuánzhāng), owasungula inhlokodolobha eNánjīng, wakhipha isimemezelo esidumile «sokuqeda itiye elicindezelwe nokwethula itiye elivundlile» (废团茶而兴散茶), ngaleyo ndlela eliguqula unomphela isiko letiye laseShayina.
Ogandaganda — Zhōngshān Yúnwù Chá: Ngonyaka we-1907 isikhulu sase Jiangsū u-Zhèng Shìhuáng (郑世璜, Zhèng Shìhuáng) wasungula e-Zǐjīnshān «Inhlangano yeNingizimu yomfula yezindawo zetiye» (江南植茶公所, Jiāngnán Zhíchá Gōngsuǒ) — isikhungo sokuqala sikahulumeni socwaningo lwetiye emlandweni weShayina. Lesi senzakalo sithathwa njengesiqalo sesayensi yetiye yesimanje yaseShayina. U-Lù Yíng (陆溁, Lù Yíng) — umenzi wetiye obizwa nge-«nhloko yomndeni» wetiye laseNánjīng, — wahlela kule nhlangano ukukhiqizwa kwe-«Itiye lamafu lase-Zhōngshān» (钟山云雾茶, Zhōngshān Yúnwù Chá) futhi wasebenzisa okokuqala ubuchwepheshe be-«cuō tiáo» (搓条, cuōtiáo) — ukugoqwa kwekhasi letiye libe yimigoqo eqondile, okwabeka isisekelo sesimo se-Yǔ Huā Chá yesikhathi esizayo.
Ukusungulwa (1958–1959): Ngonyaka we-1958, ngaphansi kwesimemezelo sikazwelonke sokuthuthukiswa kwetiye, ubuholi beqembu lesifundazwe sase Jiangsū babeka umsebenzi: ukwakha itiye elinegama elisha njengesipho seminyaka eyishumi ye-KRShina futhi njengokukhumbula amavukela-mbuso. Kwasungulwa i-«Khomishana yokwakha amatiye aqanjwe awele esifundazweni i-Jiangsū» (江苏省名特茶创制委员会), eyahlanganisa abenzi betiye abangaphezu kweshumi abangcono kakhulu besifundazwe. Bahlangana emasimini engcwaba lase-Zhōngshān. Esikhathini sokuhlola kwacutshungulwa izimo ezahlukahlukene zamatiye: isikela nesando, umkhonto omude, ijika, imbazo, amacembe ezimbali — kodwa zonke lezi zindlela zazidinga ukucutshungulwa okwengeziwe futhi zaziphikisana nezimiso zendabuko ze-chǎo-qīng. Lapho-ke umenzi u-Yú Yōngqì (俞庸器, Yú Yōngqì) — kamuva owamukelwa njengomlingisi oyinhloko ekwakhiweni kobuchwepheshe be-Yǔ Huā Chá — wacela usizo ku-Lù Yíng. U-Lù Yíng waphakamisa ukuthuthukisa i-«yúnwù chá» yakhe eqondile, ayenze ibe mncane kakhulu, ibe yindilinga futhi iqine — ifane nezinaliti zomsedari (雪松, xuěsōng) entabeni i-Zǐjīnshān. U-Yú Yōngqì, ngokwakhe, wethula ubuchwepheshe be-«zhuā tiáo» (抓条, zhuātiáo) — «ukwelula ngokubamba», obuthathelwe kubuchwepheshe be-Lóngjǐng, — wabe esebuhlanganisa ne-«cuō tiáo» ka-Lù Yíng. Ngemuva kokuhlola okungaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha, ngomhla zingama-20 ku-Ephreli 1959 kwenziwa ngempumelelo iqembu lokuqala letiye elisha. Labizwa nge-«Yǔ Huā Chá» — ngegama lendawo yase-Yǔhuātái, indawo yokubulawa kwamakhomanisi ngesikhathi sombuso wamaGuómíndǎng. Isimo senaliti kaphayini sasifanekisela umoya ohlala uluhlaza njalo (万古长青, wàngǔ chángqīng) wabafelokazi benguquko.
Igama:
- «Nánjīng» (南京) — «Inhlokodolobha yaseNingizimu», idolobha i-Nánjīng.
- «Yǔ Huā» (雨花) — ngokwezwi nezwi «Imbali yemvula» noma «Imvula yezimbali». Igama lisuselwa endaweni yase-Yǔhuātái (雨花台, «Ithala lezimbali zemvula»). Ngokwenganekwane yobuBuddha, enkathini yamaSouthern Dynasties (南朝, Náncháo) indela u-Yún Guāng (云光, Yún Guāng) yashumayela ngendlela ethinta kakhulu kangangokuba kwehla izimbali ezivela ezulwini. Ngekhulu lama-XX indawo yase-Yǔhuātái yaba yindawo yokubulawa kwabantu abaningi abangamakhomanisi namavukela-mbuso, okwakwenziwa yi-Guómíndǎng, futhi yaphenduka isikhumbuzo. Ngale ndlela, igama leli tiye lihlanganisa inganekwane yasendulo yobuBuddha kanye nomlando wenguquko yesimanje.
- «Chá» (茶) — «itiye».
Uhlu lwezikhathi zokwamukelwa:
- 1959 — ukusungulwa kwetiye; ukufakwa ohlwini lwe-«Amatiye ayishumi adumile aseShayina».
- 1982 — ukwamukelwa njengenye yamatiye angama-30 adumile emhlanganweni kazwelonke wokuhlola ngaphansi koMnyango wezohwebo.
- 1985 — ukuphinda kufakwe ohlwini lwamatiye ayi-11 ahamba phambili emhlanganweni kazwelonke wokuhlola ngaphansi koMnyango wezolimo.
- 1986, 1990 — ukunqoba okubili okulandelanayo emiqhudelwaneni kazwelonke yamatiye adumile.
- 2004 — umkhiqizo wokuqala waseNánjīng owathola isimo sesiqinisekiso sendawo.
- 2006 — kwamukelwa izinga likazwelonke le-GB/T 20605-2006 «Isiqinisekiso sendawo: Yǔ Huā Chá».
- 2020 — ukufakwa ohlwini lwesivumelwano sase-KRShina ne-EU mayelana nezimpawu zendawo; ukubhaliswa njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onesiqinisekiso sendawo soMnyango wezolimo we-KRShina.
- 2021 — «Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza itiye eliluhlaza (ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-Yǔ Huā Chá)» bafakwa embhalweni wesihlanu weRejista kazwelonke yamagugu angaphatheki e-KRShina.
- 2022 — ukufakwa ohlwini lwamagugu angaphatheki we-UNESCO njengengxenye ye-«Amasu endabuko okukhiqiza itiye nemikhuba ehlobene nawo eShayina».
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Yǔ Huā Chá ayisona nje isiphuzo, kodwa «ikhadi lokuhambela» langempela laseNánjīng. Ngokwamazwi esizukulwane sesihlanu somgcini-mgcini (传承人, chuánchéngrén) u-Chén Shèngfēng (陈盛峰, Chén Shèngfēng), «ku-Yǔ Huā Chá kunganambithwa ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele komlando waseNánjīng». Itiye lihlanganisa izendlalelo ezintathu zezincazelo: inganekwane yasendulo yobuBuddha ngemvula yezimbali yasezulwini, inkumbulo yezisulu zenguquko kanye nokuziqhenya kwesimanje ngesiko eliphilayo lobuciko, elamukelwe ezingeni lomhlaba. I-Yǔ Huā Chá ibuye ibhekwe njengesibonelo esihle sobuchwepheshe bokubumba okuyizinaliti: wonke amanyuvesi amakhulu etiye aseShayina ayisebenzisa njengesifanekiso sokufunda lapho kuhlolwa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amatiye aluhlaza ayizinaliti.

3. Incazelo yezimila kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo / Umhlwenga: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Yǔ Huā Chá kusetshenziswa izihlahla zetiye ezifana namahlahla (灌木型, guànmù xíng) zezinhlobo ezinamacembe amancane naphakathi (中小叶种, zhōng xiǎo yè zhǒng) ezinendawo yecebe elingaphansi kuka-20 cm². Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingenabulili (eziyizigaxo) ezinconywayo (无性系良种, wúxìngxì liángzhǒng): Qímén Zhū Yè (祁门槠叶), Jiǔkēng (鸠坑), Lóngjǐng Cháng Yè (龙井长叶), Lóngjǐng 43 (龙井43), Zhōng Chá 108 (中茶108). Lapho kukhethwa izinhlobo ze-Yǔ Huā Chá kucutshungulwa lezi zici ezilandelayo: umbala oluhlaza wamacembe, isimo eside sezihlumela namacembe, ikhono elihle lokugcina ukuthamba (持嫩性, chínènxìng), uboya obusesilinganisweni, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kanye nokuvumelana nezimo zendawo.
Imodeli yokulima yemvelo: Umnyombo wokukhiqiza usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-«lín chá jiān zuò» (林茶间作, lín chá jiānzuò) — ukulima ngokuhlanganyela kwetiye nezihlahla. Kubaluleke kakhulu imodeli ye-«méilín tào zhōng» (梅林套种) — ukuhlanyela izihlahla zetiye ngaphansi komthunzi wezihlathi zepulamu (méehuā). Ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kanye nokumuncwa kwephunga lezimbali zepulamu kwakha isimo sezulu esincane esiyingqayizivele, esenyusa izinga lokuthamba kwekhasi futhi sinothise iphrofayeli yalo yephunga.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo, ngokuqinile ngaphambi noma eduze komkhosi we-Qīngmíng (清明, Qīngmíng — ukuqala kuka-Ephreli). Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu — ukuvuna ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng (明前茶, Míngqián chá).
Izinga lokuvuna: Isihlumela esisodwa kanye nekhasi elilodwa elisanda kuqala ukuvuleka (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chū zhǎn). Ubude bempukane iphelele — bungabi ngaphezu kuka-3 cm (kumazinga aphezulu — 1.5–2.5 cm). Isilinganiso sobude besihlumela nekhasi — sisuka ku-1:3 kuye ku-2:3. I-engeli phakathi kwesihlumela nekhasi — ingabi ngaphezu kuka-15° (kumazinga aphezulu) futhi ingabi ngaphezu kuka-45° (kwezinga elivamile). Akwamukelekile ukuvuna izihlumela ezingenalutho (空心芽), izihlumela ezonakaliswe izinambuzane noma izifo (病虫芽), kanye nezihlumela ezivunwa ngesikhathi semvula (雨水芽). Kumagremu angu-500 etiye eliqediwe lezinga eliphakeme kusetshenziswa izihlumela ezinamacembe ezingama-50 000 kuye kwezingama-60 000.
Izidingo ezisetshenziswayo: Izinga liphakeme kakhulu. Izinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele zibe zintsha, zibe ziphelele, zingabi nomonakalo wemishini, zifane ngosayizi. Ubuncane bokungabi luhlaza kwekhasi — kuyisimo esibalulekile sokwakheka kwesimo esiyinaliti esifanele.

4. I-terroir kanye nezici ezikhethekile zokulima:

Isimo sezulu: I-Nánjīng itholakala endaweni enesimo sezulu esinezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama we-monsoon (亚热带湿润气候, yàrèdài shīrùn qìhòu). Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile — 15.5 °C. Inani lezulu lonyaka — 900–1 000 mm. Isikhathi esingenasimiso — cishe izinsuku ezingama-225. Kunezinkathi ezine ezicacile: ihlobo elifudumele nelinomswakama nobusika obupholile. Inkungu yasentwasahlobo ejwayelekile kanye namazolo amaningi ngesikhathi sokuvuna kwetiye kunomthelela ekuqoqezeni ama-amino acid nasekwakhekeni kwephunga elimnene, «elimoyeni».
Isimo sendawo nokuphakama: Amasimu etiye atholakala emithambekeni ethambile yamagquma (丘陵岗坡地, qiūlíng gǎngpō dì) ekuphakameni okungaba amamitha angama-60 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle (umnombo wokukhiqiza). Ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha (Jiāngníng, Lìshuǐ, Gāochún) ukuphakama kuhluka kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-200 m.
Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi ophuzi ngokunsundu (黄棕壤, huáng zōng rǎng), ojwayelekile emagqumeni aseNánjīng. Une-asidi encane: pH 4.1–6.1 — ububanzi obuhle besihlahla setiye. Unothe ngezinto eziphilayo, ukhishwa kahle amanzi. Emkhakheni ongumnyombo (indawo yase-Zǐjīnshān ne-Yǔhuātái) kunezinsalela zentaba-mlilo, ezinothisa umhlabathi ngamaminerali.
Imithombo yamanzi: Ukusondela komfula i-Yángzǐ (长江, Chángjiāng) kanye namachibi amaningi aseNánjīng kuqinisekisa umswakama womoya ozinzile, obaluleke kangaka ezihlumeleni zetiye ezintekenteke.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-Yǔ Huā Chá bamukelwa njengobunye bobunzima kakhulu kuwo wonke amatiye aluhlaza aseShayina. Ngokwesifaniso somlando ovela kusonzolimo waseNánjīng u-Lǐ Sōng (李松), uma itiye eliyisicaba elifana ne-Lóngjǐng lidinga isilinganiso samandla angaphandle esingu-1, itiye eligoqiwe elifana ne-Bìluóchūn lidinga u-3, itiye eliyinaliti i-Yǔ Huā Chá lidinga u-5. Kungalesi sizathu-ke ukunambitheka kwe-Yǔ Huā Chá kuphawuleka ngokuminyana okukhethekile nokugcwala.

Ulwelwesi lokukhiqiza:

鲜叶采摘 → 拣剔 → 摊凉（萎凋）→ 杀青 → 揉捻 → 打毛火 → 整形 → 干燥 → 筛分

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Kuchazwe esigabeni sesi-3.
Ukukhipha amacembe angafanele (拣剔, jiǎntī): Ukuhlunga ngesandla nokukhipha amacembe angafanele, izingcezu, ukungcola. Ukuhlolwa okucophelela ngamehlo ukuze kufaniseke izinto zokusetshenziswa.
Ukwendlala nokubuna (摊凉/萎凋, tānliáng/wēidiāo): Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisanda kuvunwa zendlalwa ngongqimba oluncane kumathileyi ahlanzekile oqalo endaweni enomthunzi enomoya omuhle ngezinga lokushisa elingu-20–25 °C amahora ama-3–5. Ngalesi sikhathi umswakama wekhasi wehla kancane, iphunga lemifino liyanyamalala, kuqala ukuxutshwa okumnene kwama-polyphenol, okwehlisa ubumnandi; ama-molecule amaprotheni ahlukaniswa kancane abe ama-amino acid (anikeza «ukusha» ekunambithekeni), kanti isitashi siguquka ngokwengxenye sibe ushukela oncibilikayo (onikeza «ubumnandi»). Lesi sigaba siwuhlobo oluthile «lokuhlela kusengaphambili» kwephrofayeli yokunambitheka nephunga. Amacembe aguqulwa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngokunyakaza okuthambile.
«Ukubulala kokuhlaza» (杀青, shāqīng): Ukugazinga epanini elishisayo (锅, guō) ukuze kungasebenzi ama-enzyme e-oxidase futhi kumiswe ukuxutshwa. Izinga lokushisa — cishe 180–200 °C. Inhloso — ukugcina umbala ogqamile oluhlaza, ukususa insalela yokunambitheka kwemifino kanye nokuqinisa iphrofayeli eyinhloko yephunga.
Ukugoqa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Amacembe agoqwa ngesandla noma kusetshenziswa imishini, kuphazamisa isakhiwo samangqamuzana futhi kukhulula ijusi yamangqamuzana phezulu. Lokhu kubeka isisekelo sokusetshenziswa okuphelele ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwetiye futhi kuqala ukwakha ukuma okuyinaliti okubheke ubude bamacembe etiye.
Ukomisa kusengaphambili / «ukubasa umlilo omubi» (打毛火, dǎ máohuǒ): Ukusebenzisa ukushisa okulinganiselwe isikhathi esifushane ukuze kwehliswe umswakama uye ezingeni eliphakathi nendawo futhi kulungiswe ikhasi ekubunjweni kokugcina.
Ukubumba / ukubumba okuhlosiwe (整形, zhěngxíng): Isigaba esiyinhloko nesiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, esakha «umphefumulo» wobuchwepheshe be-Yǔ Huā Chá. Kulapha-ke kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela edumile ye-«cuō tiáo — zhuā tiáo» (搓条抓条, cuōtiáo zhuātiáo):
- Cuō tiáo (搓条, cuōtiáo) — «ukugoqa imigoqo»: Ubuchwepheshe obudluliselwe esizukulwaneni sokuqala somenzi u-Lù Yíng. Ikhasi ligoqwa phakathi kwezintende zezandla odongeni lwepani, kwakheka isakhiwo esiqondile, eseluliwe.
- Zhuā tiáo (抓条, zhuātiáo) — «ukwelula ngokubamba»: Ubuchwepheshe obulethwe ngu-Yú Yōngqì kusuka kubuchwepheshe be-Lóngjǐng futhi obulungiselelwe isimo esiyinaliti. Intende yesandla «icindezela» futhi «ihlikihle» ikhasi letiye phezu kwepani, ngasikhathi sinye iguqulwa futhi iyindilinga.
- Isizukulwane sesihlanu somenzi — u-Chén Shèngfēng — ngobuciko wengeza kulokhu okungavamile ubuchule obubizwa nge-«dàng tiáo» (荡条, dàngtiáo) — «ukuguncuka», lapho ngokunyakaza okuyimpuphu komlomo wengwe (虎口, hǔkǒu) wensundu amatiye agoqwa ngokwengeziwe futhi athole ukubengezela nokuqonda okuyisipesheli.
- Sekukonke umjikelezo owodwa wokunyakaza uhlanganisa: «bamba — guncuza — cindezela — cindezela — hlikihla» (抓、荡、扣、推、抹, zhuā, dàng, kòu, tuī, mǒ). Ngakolunye uhlangothi lokhu kubonakala njengokunyakaza okubili okulula — «cindezela uye phambili» nokuthi «hlikihla», — kodwa ukwazi lobu buchule kuthatha okungenani iminyaka emithathu yokufunda. Ukunyakaza okungalungile kuholela ekubeni itiye licindezelwe libe isicaba (njenge-Lóngjǐng), noma ligobe (njenge-Bìluóchūn). Kungalesi sizathu-ke ukuba ubunzima nobuhle bokusebenza kwe-Yǔ Huā Chá kwabizwa nge-«bhaleyi ezintendeni zezandla».
Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): Ukumiswa okunezigaba eziningi ngezinga lokushisa elehla kancane kancane ukuze kususwe ngokulinganayo umswakama osele (ukuze ube ≤ 7 %), kuqiniswe ngokuphelele isimo futhi kwakheke iphunga lokugcina.
Ukuhlela ngosayizi nokuhlunga (筛分, shāifēn): Ukulinganiswa kokugcina: ukususwa kothuli lwetiye, izingcezu, ukulinganisa ngokosayizi nokuma, ukuqinisekisa ukufana komkhiqizo osuphelele.
Umshini: Kusukela ngo-1986 kuphumelela ukusebenza kwemigqa yokukhiqiza i-Yǔ Huā Chá ngomshini ngokuphelele. Ngo-2010 cishe u-90 % womthamo wonke wawukhiqizwa ngendlela yomshini. Noma kunjalo, ukwenziwa ngesandla kusagcinwa njengezinga lobuhle obuhle kakhulu nesiko eliphilayo lobuciko, elivikelwe njengegugu elingaphatheki lesintu.

Uhla lwabenzi-mgcini (传承谱系, chuánchéng pǔxì):

Isizukulwane	Umenzi	Umthelela
1	Lù Yíng (陆溁)	Umsunguli wobuchwepheshe be-«cuō tiáo»; umdali we-Zhōngshān Yúnwù Chá
2	Lín Shuāngguì (林双贵)	Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza ngenkathi yeRiphabhuliki
3	Yú Yōngqì (俞庸器), Wáng Jiāróng (王家荣)	Ukwakhiwa kobuchule be-«zhuā tiáo»; ukubumbeka kokugcina kwesimo esiyinaliti (1959)
4	Lǐ Zhìxiá (黎志遐), Zhào Xìnghuá (赵杏华)	Ukumiswa kwezinga nokwandiswa
5	Chén Shèngfēng (陈盛峰), Lù Kuíxiāng (陆葵香)	Ukunothiswa ngobuchule be-«dàng tiáo»; ukufakwa kwi-UNESCO; umgcini kahulumeni
6	Wáng Yàlún (王亚仑)	Isizukulwane esincane, esinobungcweti obuphelele bobuchwepheshe

6. Izici ze-Organoleptic:

Ukubukeka kwetiye elomile elingaphandle (外形, wàixíng): Amatiye azacile, agoqiwe aqinile anesimo senaliti — «jǐn zhí» (紧直, jǐnzhí), — abukeka efana nezinaliti zomsedari entabeni i-Zǐjīnshān. Amatiye aqondile, ayindilinga uma ebhekwa ngokunqamula, anwebekile, anamaphethelo acijile (锋苗挺秀, fēngmiáo tǐngxiù). Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani omnyama obubenyazelayo kancane (色泽绿润, sèzé lǜrùn). Kukhona uboya obufihlekile obumhlophe-siliva bamathiphu (白毫隐露, báiháo yǐnlù).
Iphunga letiye elomile: Lihlanzekile, lisha (清香, qīngxiāng) — linamaphethini agqamile aluhlaza, ezimbali (i-orchid) kanye nezinto ezincane zamantongomane.
Iphunga lomgubo: Linobuhle, lihlanzekile (清香幽雅, qīngxiāng yōuyǎ) — linamaphethini ezimbali nokhula njengoba egqamile kanye nomsoco omncane wokugazinga; lapho kwenziwa ngamanzi athambile kwembulwa amaphethini ezimbali «asemoyeni».
Ukunambitheka (滋味, zīwèi): Kusha, kuthambile futhi ngasikhathi sinye kusuthi (鲜醇甘爽, xiān chún gān shuǎng). Ubumnandi obuzwakalayo (甘, gān), ukusha okumnandi (鲜, xiān), ukugcwala okuthambile (醇, chún) kanye nokulula okuvuselelayo (爽, shuǎng). I-aftertaste — ende, enobumnandi obukhulayo be-huígān (回甘, huígān). Ngenxa yesilinganiso esiphezulu samandla omthelela womshini ngesikhathi sokubumba uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza, i-Yǔ Huā Chá inomzimba ominyene kakhudlwana — lesi yisinye sezimpawu zayo eziyingqayizivele.
Umbala womgubo (汤色, tāng sè): Uluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo, uhlanzekile, ukhanyayo, unomsoco ogqamile ophilayo (碧绿清澈, bìlǜ qīngchè). Lapho kwenziwa ngendlela ye-«shàng tóu fǎ» (上投法) ebusweni bamanzi ngokushesha kubonakala «intuthu» emhlophe yoboya, kanti amatiye, ehla kancane, «ayadansa» engilazini — umbukwane ovame ukuqhathaniswa «nokuzulazula kwezithwathwa zeqhwa» noma «umdanso wezinaliti ze-jade».
Ikhasi elingezansi (叶底, yèdǐ): Lithambile, lifana, ligqamile ngokuluhlaza, linwebekile (嫩绿匀亮, nènlǜ jūnliàng). Izihlumela namacembe aphelele, awukho umonakalo, okubonisa izinga eliphezulu lezinto zokusetshenziswa nokucophelela kokusebenza.

Uhlelo lwamazinga (ngokwe-GB/T 20605-2006 kanye nezindinganiso zomkhakha):

Izinga	Izinga lezinto zokusetshenziswa	Ukubukeka kwangaphandle	Umgubo	Ukunambitheka
Isikhethekile 1 (特级一等)	Isabelo esithi «1 isihlumela + 1 ikhasi» ≥ 85 %; ubude 2.0–2.5 cm	Sigoqiwe siqinile, siyindilinga, siqondile, njengenaliti kaphayini; uboya obumhlophe buyabonakala	Uluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo, ogqamile, osobala	Kusha, kuthambile, kuyavuselela
Isikhethekile 2 (特级二等)	Isabelo esithi «1 isihlumela + 1 ikhasi» ≥ 75 %; ubude 2.0–2.5 cm	Siqinile, siqondile, amatiye ambalwa acindezelwe kancane ayavunyelwa	Luhlaza, ligqamile	Kusha, kuthambile
1 (一级)	Isabelo elincane lamacandele amatiye acindezelwe liyavunyelwa	Siqinile, siqondile, sinezici ezicindezelwe	Luhlaza, ligqamile	Kuhlanzekile, kusha
2 (二级)	Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingcolile kakhulu	Siqinile, siqondile, kungafani kahle	Luhlaza, ligqamile	Kusha, kunciphe ukugcwala

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:

I-Yǔ Huā Chá, njengetiye eliluhlaza lasehlobo elisezingeni eliphezulu elivela ezinhlotsheni ezinamacembe amancane naphakathi, iphawuleka ngephrofayeli yamakhemikhali elinganiselayo:

Ama-polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Izinto eziyinhloko ezisebenzayo zetiye eliluhlaza. Ahlanganisa ama-catechin (儿茶素, ér chá sù), phakathi kwawo i-EGCG (i-epigallocatechin-3-gallate) evelele — i-antioxidant yemvelo enamandla kakhulu. Okuqukethwe ama-polyphenol ku-Yǔ Huā Chá — kuphakeme ngokusesilinganisweni kwitiye eliluhlaza elivela ezinhlotsheni ezinamacembe amancane (njengomthetho, kuphansi kunamatiye aseYúnnán anamacembe amakhulu, kodwa kwanele umphumela obonakalayo we-antioxidant). Ama-catechin e-ECG ne-EGC kanye nezimo zawo ezigayiwe (ama-theaflavin) anikeza ubumnandi nokuhlanganisa komgubo, kanye namandla awo okuvikela inhliziyo.
Ama-amino acid (氨基酸, ānjī suān): Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid akhululekile — kuyisici esivelele samatiye angaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng, njengoba ngesimo sentwasahlobo epholile ukuhlanganiswa kwama-catechin kuhamba kancane, kanti okwama-amino acid kuyasheshisa. Ingxenye eyinhloko — i-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-chá ānjī suān), enikeza ukunambitheka «ubumnandi obusha» (鲜甜, xiāntián) kanye «nokunambitheka okumnandi». I-L-theanine iphinde ibhekane nomphumela wokuphumula ngaphandle kokozela, ngokulawula ukusebenza kwe-caffeine.
Ama-alkaloid (生物碱, shēngwù jiǎn): I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — okuqukethwe okusesilinganisweni, okujwayelekile ematiyeni aluhlaza. I-theobromine (可可碱, kěkě jiǎn) kanye ne-theophylline (茶碱, chá jiǎn) — ngezilinganiso ezincane kakhulu. I-caffeine ngokuhlangana ne-L-theanine inikeza isikhuthazi esithambile, esihlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuqhuma okukhulu kwemizwa.
Ama-vithamini: I-vithamini C (i-ascorbic acid) — itiye eliluhlaza liyigcina kangcono kakhulu kunamatiye agayiwe. Ama-vithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂, B₃).
Izimbiwa: I-fluoride (inamandla okuqinisa uqweqwe lwamazinyo), i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-manganese. Ukwakheka kwezimbiwa kunothiswe yizinsalela zentaba-mlilo emhlabathini wezindawo ezingumnyombo.
Izakhi eziphunga: Izingxenye ezingaphezu kuka-300 eziguquguqukayo, okuhlanganisa i-linalool, i-geraniol, i-cis-3-hexenol (enikeza ubusha «oluhlaza»), i-phenylacetaldehyde (izimpawu zezimbali).

8. Izinzuzo zezempilo:

Umthelela we-antioxidant (抗氧化, kàng yǎnghuà): Ama-catechin kanye ne-vitamin C acime ama-radical akhululekile, avikela ulwelwesi lwamaseli kanye ne-DNA emonakalisweni yi-oxidation.
Ukusekela isistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (抗心脑血管疾病): Ama-catechin e-ECG ne-EGC asiza ekwehliseni izinga le-«cholesterol embi», avimbele ukuhlangana kwamathrombocyte futhi asekele ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.
Ukukhuthaza ukusebenza komzimba nokwehlisa isisindo somzimba (减肥, jiǎnféi): Ama-polyphenol asheshisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha futhi anciphise ukumuncwa kwawo emathunjini.
Umthelela wokuqinisa nokuthuthukisa ingqondo (提神, tíshén): Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine inikeza isikhuthazi esilinganiselayo sengqondo: ikhuphula ukugxila, ithuthukise inkumbulo nokusebenza ngaphandle «kokugxuma kwe-caffeine».
Ukusiza ukugaya ukudla (消食, xiāoshí): Kukhuthaza ukuphuma kwama-enzyme okugaya, kwenze kube lula ukucutshungulwa kokudla okunamafutha.
Umthelela wokukhipha umchamo (利尿, lìniào): I-caffeine ne-theobromine zikhuthaza ngobumnene ukuphuma komchamo, kusize ekukhipheni amanzi amaningi nobuthi.
Ukuqinisa amazinyo nomlomo: I-fluoride etholakala etiyeni iqinisa uqweqwe lwamazinyo futhi ivimbele ukuqala kwamazinyo abolayo.
Umthelela wokuvikela imisebe (抗辐射, kàng fúshè): Ama-polyphenol anekhono lokuhlanganisa ama-isotopi anemisebe e-strontium-90 ne-cobalt-60.
Umthelela wokuqabula nokuqeda ukoma (清神, qīngshén): Ifaneleka kakhulu esimweni sezulu esishisayo — iyapholisa, iyaqabula, ibuyisela.

9. Ukwenziwa kwetiye:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C (emazingeni akhethekile — eduze kuka-80 °C, emazingeni 1–2 — kuze kufike ku-90 °C). Akuvunyelwe nhlobo ukusebenzisa amanzi abilayo kakhulu — kulimaza isakhiwo esintekenteke sekhasi, «kubulale» iphunga futhi kunikeze ubumnandi (忌用沸水, jì yòng fèishuǐ).
Inani letiye: 3–5 g kuma-150–200 ml amanzi (indlela «yaseYurophu» yokwenza engilazini); 6–8 g kuma-100–120 ml (indlela yegōngfū chá e-gàiwǎn, ngokuthela okulandelanayo).
Imidwebo yokusebenza:
- Ingilazi yengilazi (玻璃杯, bōlí bēi): Indlela yakudala nenconywa kakhulu ye-Yǔ Huā Chá. Izindonga ezikhanyayo zivumela ukubuka «umdanso wezinaliti» — okunye kwezijabuliso eziyinhloko zobuhle zaleli tiye. Ingilazi enomthamo wama-200–250 ml.
- I-gàiwǎn yobumba (盖碗, gàiwǎn): I-porcelain emhlophe enomthamo wama-100–150 ml — yokunambitha okuningiliziwe kwephunga nokunambitheka ngendlela yokuthela okulandelanayo.
- Iketela lengilazi: Ifanele ukuphuza itiye kweqembu nokubonisa ubuhle bomgubo.
Indlela enconywayo — «shàng tóu fǎ» (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ) — «indlela yokufaka ngaphezulu»:
1. Ukushisisa kwemidwebo: Geza ingilazi noma i-gàiwǎn ngamanzi abilayo, uwakhiphe.
2. Ukuthela amanzi: Gcwalisa ingilazi ngamanzi ashisayo (80–85 °C) kufike cishe izingxenye eziyisikhombisa kweziyishumi zomthamo.
3. Ukufaka itiye: Ngeso elihle yehlisela izinaliti zetiye emanzini. Zihle zihlanganise ubuso ngefu elimhlophe loboya, bese ziqala ukuzungeza kancane futhi zehlele phansi — «njengezithwathwa zeqhwa ngosuku olungenamoya».
4. Ukumisa: 2–3 imizuzu. Linda kuze kwehle iningi lamatiye futhi livuleke.
5. Ukunambitha: Phuza lapho kusele khona cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yomgubo engilazini. Thela amanzi ashisayo futhi uphinde izikhathi ezi-3–4.
Indlela ehlukile — igōngfū chá (i-gàiwǎn):
1. Shisisa i-gàiwǎn ne-cháhǎi ngamanzi abilayo.
2. Faka 6–8 g itiye.
3. Ukuwasha kwamatiye aluhlaza amnandi ngokuvamile kweqiwa — noma kwenziwe okuncane kakhulu (3–5 imizuzwana).
4. Ukuthela kokuqala: 20–40 imizuzwana.
5. Ukuthela okulandelayo: yandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-10–15. I-Yǔ Huā Chá esezingeni elihle ikwazi ukumelana ukuthela oku-3–5.
Izeluleko zokunambitha: Lapho unambitha, vumela umgubo uhlanze ngokuphelele yonke indawo yolimi — ngale ndlela kwembulwa kangcono i-huígān (回甘, huígān — ubumnandi obukhulayo obubuyayo). Ungaphuza itiye ungadlanga — ukugcwala okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol kungadala ukungahambi kahle esiswini. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lesiphuzo ukuphuza — 50–60 °C.

10. Ukugcinwa:

I-Yǔ Huā Chá — itiye eliluhlaza elintekenteke, elizwela kakhulu ezimeni zangaphandle. Ukugcinwa okufanele — kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina ukusha kwalo.

Izinga lokushisa: Okuhamba phambili — 0–5 °C (ifriji). Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lisheshisa ukubola kwama-amino acid, amavithamini kanye nezakhi eziphunga.
Ukungangeni komoya: Kungukuphelela. I-Yǔ Huā Chá — into enezimbobo, ekwazi ukumunca umswakama (疏松多孔的亲水茶) enamandla amakhulu okumunca umswakama namaphunga. Igcinwe endishini evimbela umoya (isikhwama esine-foil esifakwe i-vacuum, ibhodlela elinesivalo esiqinile).
Ukuvikela ekukhanyeni: Ukukhanya kusheshisa ukuxutshwa kwe-chlorophyll ne-polyphenol, kubangele ukulahleka kombala nokusha kwephunga.
Ukuvikela emaphungeni angaphandle: Akuvunyelwe nhlobo ukugcina eduze kweziphuzo, amakha, imikhuhlane yasekhaya kanye neminye imikhiqizo enephunga.
Ukuvikela ku-oxygen: Ukuxutshwa kuholela ekubeni umgubo ube nsundu, kulahlekelwe ukusha futhi kwehle ukubaluleka kwezakhamzimba.
Isincomo: Gcina ingqalasizinda enkulu efrijini noma efrijini yokubandisa ephepheni elivimbela umoya. Engxenyeni esetshenziswayo yamanje, beka isabelo esincane (sezinsuku ezi-1–2) — ungalikhiphi lonke isikhwama nsuku zonke, ukuze uvimbele ukujiya komswakama ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ngemuva kokuvula — sebenzisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka: ukusha kwe-Yǔ Huā Chá kuyisona sinqumo esiqondile sephunga nokunambitheka kwayo.

11. Intengo kanye nezinto ezifaniswanga:

Isigaba sentengo: I-Yǔ Huā Chá — itiye elisesigabeni esiphakathi nendawo nesiphakeme. Amagreyidi akhethekile okwenziwa ngesandla ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng angabiza kakhulu. Intengo incike esikhathini sokuvuna (ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng / ngemuva kwe-Qīngmíng), ezingeni, ekusetshenzweni ngesandla noma ngomshini, edumeleni lomkhiqizi kanye nasekubeni kunesiqiniseko sendawo.
Ubukhulu bomkhakha: Ngonyaka we-2026 kuhlelwa ukuthi kufinyelelwe indawo yamasimu etiye ezingama-120 000 mu (cishe ama-8 000 ha), umthamo waminyaka yonke wokukhiqiza — amathani angama-600, inani lomkhiqizo oluhlaza — izigidi ezingama-500 zama-yuan, inani elihlanganisiwe lakehlo eliphelele — ngaphezu kwesigidintathu sama-yuan, inani labantu abaqashwe kulo mkhakha — ngaphezu kwe-30 000.
Ungazigwema kanjani izinto ezifaniswanga:
- Thenga kubakhiqizi nakubadayisi abanelungelo lokusebenzisa uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo engokomthetho ethi «雨花茶» (olunenombolo yerejista ngokwe-GB/T 20605-2006).
- Naka isimo: i-Yǔ Huā Chá yangempela — izinaliti eziqonde ngokuphelele, eziyindilinga uma zinqunywa, izinaliti ezizacile ezinamaphethelo acijile, ezinombala oluhlaza okotshani omnyama obubenyazelayo noboya obumhlophe. Uma amatiye ecindezelwe, egobile, engalingani ngosayizi noma enombala ongakhanyi, cishe kuwukufaniswa noma izinga eliphansi.
- Iphunga letiye elomile kufanele lihlanzekile, lisha, linamanothi ezimbali — ngaphandle kwephunga elibi, iphunga «lenhlanzi» noma lokusha okunamandla.
- Umgubo — uhlanzekile, ukhanyayo, uluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo. Umgubo onodaka noma ophuzi ngekhanda ubonisa izinga eliphansi noma ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe.
- Intengo ephansi kakhulu — uphawu oluqinisekile lokufaniswa noma ukushintshwa komkhiqizo.

12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:

Isimo senaliti kaphayini asikhethwanga ngengozi: imisedari namaphayini asentabeni i-Zǐjīnshān — izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza, ezifanekisela ukungafi komoya wamaqhawe awile (万古长青, wàngǔ chángqīng — «kuhlala kuluhlaza izinkulungwane zezizukulwane»). Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwetiye kwacutshungulwa izimo zesikela nesando, ijika, umkhonto kanye namacembe ezimbali, kodwa zonke zenqatshwa njengezingenziwa.
I-Yǔ Huā Chá — ingenye ye-«Izinaliti ezintathu ezidumile zaseShayina» (中国三针, Zhōngguó Sānzhēn), kanye ne-Ānhuà Sōng Zhēn yaseHúnán ne-Ēnshī Yù Lù yaseHúběi.
Imvelaphi yobuchwepheshe betiye be-Yǔ Huā Chá isukela kowe-1907 — eNhlanganweni yaseNingizimu yomfula yezindawo zetiye, isikhungo sokuqala sikahulumeni socwaningo lwetiye emlandweni weShayina.
Umenzi omusha udinga okungenani iminyaka emithathu yokuzijayeza ngokuqhubekayo ukuze akwazi ukubamba ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo be-«cuō tiáo — zhuā tiáo». Abenzi besifazane abadala kakhulu, abanesikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, baqhubeka nokusebenza beneminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa.
Ngokufakazela kuka-Chén Shèngfēng, iNánjīng, nakuba ingeyona indawo enkulu yokulima itiye, ithatha indawo eyingqayizivele emlandweni wesiko letiye laseShayina: lapha kwaqala khona umkhuba «wokumisa iwayini ngetiye» (Eastern Wú), lapha kwafika u-Lù Yǔ, lapha u-Zhū Yuánzhāng «waqeda» itiye elicindezelwe, lapha kwasungulwa isikhungo sokuqala sikahulumeni socwaningo lwetiye.
Indawo yase-Yǔhuātái idume nje ngetiye kuphela, kodwa nange-«amatshe aseYǔhuā» (雨花石, yǔhuā shí) — ama-agate anemibala ehlukahlukene acijisiwe kanye nama-jasper, abantu bendawo abawabheka njenge-«zimbali eziphethwe zaba ngamatshe zemvula yezimbali yasezulwini». Ngale ndlela, igama elithi «Yǔ Huā» lihlanganisa itiye, amatshe kanye nenganekwane yobuBuddha endaweni eyodwa yamasiko.
Ngokwe-«Incwadi engcwele yetiye» (《茶经》, Chá Jīng) ka-Lù Yǔ, ngenkathi yamaJìn (晋, Jìn) eNánjīng kwakukhona isalukazi esasidayisa nsuku zonke isiphuzo setiye emgwaqweni ngeketela elingapheli — enye yezinganekwane zokuqala kakhulu zokuhweba ngetiye emlandweni wamaShayina.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Isilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba. Isimo se-morphology esihluke ngokuphelele (isicaba vs. inaliti), ubuchule obuhlukile bokusebenza (ukucindezela epanini vs. ukugoqa nokwelula). I-Lóngjǐng — inamantongomane, inephunga elincane lepani; i-Yǔ Huā Chá — inezimbali nezitshalo kakhudlwana, inomzimba ominyene kakhulu ngenxa yomthelela omkhulu womshini. Ngokobunzima kwezobuchwepheshe bokwenza, i-Yǔ Huā Chá ingaphezu kwe-Lóngjǐng.
Bìluóchūn (碧螺春, Bìluóchūn): Itiye eliluhlaza eligqiqiwe elivela eJiangsū (ichibi i-Tàihú). Isimo — isiphelethu esincane; i-Yǔ Huā Chá — inaliti eqondile. Womabili amatiye — asentwasahlobo, enamacembe amancane, anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid. I-Bìluóchūn — imnene kakhudlwana, inamanothi ezithelo; i-Yǔ Huā Chá — iqonde kakhulu, «inamaminerali», inomzimba ominyene.
Ānhuà Sōng Zhēn (安化松针, Ānhuà Sōngzhēn): Itiye eliyinaliti laseHúnán elivela kwe-«Izinaliti ezintathu ezidumile». Lisondele ngesimo, kodwa lihluka ngohlobo lwezinto zokusetshenziswa (izinhlobo eziseHúnán ezinamacembe aphakathi), i-terroir (izintaba i-Xuěfēngshān) kanye nefrophayeli yokunambitheka (linobumnandi obugqamile, elinobumnandi obuzwakalayo).
Ēnshī Yù Lù (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): Itiye eliyinaliti laseHúběi, kodwa elingaphansi kwesigaba se-«zhēng-qīng» (蒸青, zhēngqīng) — amatiye aluhlaza «atshiswe ngezinsimbi» (ukulungiswa kwe-enzyme ngomphunga, hhayi ngokugazinga). I-Yù Lù — «ingaphezulu engaphezulu» ngokwemvelo, inokunambitheka okugqamile kwezitshalo zasolwandle; i-Yǔ Huā Chá — «ingamyoli yaseShayina», inokunambitheka kokugazinga kanye nephunga lezimbali.
Xìnyáng Máojiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Itiye eliluhlaza eligoqiwe elizacile laseHénán. Liphinde libe ngesinye se-«zinkazinkulu eziyishumi», kodwa ngokuma — liwumucu omncane kakhulu kunokuba inaliti ephelele. I-Máojiān — inoboya obuningi, inamakheshnathi agqamile; i-Yǔ Huā Chá — ibuqhele kakhulu, igxile ezimbalini.

14. Izihibe ezingaba khona:

Ukuzwa kwe-caffeine: Abantu abazwela kakhulu nge-caffeine abanconywa ukuphuza itiye kusihlwa nangaphambi kokulala.
Ukuphuza ungadlanga: Umgubo ogxile wetiye eliluhlaza unezinga eliphezulu lama-polyphenol ne-caffeine, okungacasula ulwelwesi lwesisu. Kunconywa ukuphuza itiye ngemuva kokudla noma nokudla okulula.
Itiye elisha (新茶, xīn chá): I-Yǔ Huā Chá esanda kwenziwa kunconywa ukuba ihlale okungenani amasonto amabili (kungcono — izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu) ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa. Ama-polyphenol angaxutywanga, ama-aldehyde notshwala etiyeni elisha kakhulu angadala ukungahambi kahle esiswini nasemathunjini.
Ukukhulelwa kanye nesikhathi sokuncelisa: Ukusebenzisa ngokusesilinganisweni kuvumelekile, kodwa kunconywa ukubonisana nodokotela ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-caffeine.
Izilonda zesisu kanye nezamathumbu amancane: Kufanele kuqashwe — ama-polyphenol ne-caffeine kungakhuthaza ukuphuma kwe-hydrochloric acid.
Isikhathi sokuya esikhathini: Emithini yendabuko yaseShayina itiye eliluhlaza libalwa njengelinye «elibandayo» (寒, hán), futhi abesifazane ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini banconywa ukunciphisa ukusebenzisa kwalo.
Ukuhlangana nemishanguzo: Ama-catechin angathinta ukumuncwa kwemishanguzo yensimbi kanye namanye ama-antibiotic. Kunconywa ukuhlukanisa ukuphuza itiye nemishanguzo ngesikhawu okungenani sehora.
Izinga lokushisa lesiphuzo: Elingcono kakhulu — 50–60 °C. Itiye elishisa kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-65 °C) lingalimaza ulwelwesi lomphimbo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Nánjīng Yǔhuā Chá — itiye eliyindida: elinye lamatiye amancane kakhulu phakathi kweshumi amatiye amakhulu aseShayina, kodwa elizalwe yisiko lasendulo letiye laseNánjīng, elisukela emuva enkathini yamaSix Dynasties. Ngemuva kwesimo salo esilula esikhohlisayo senaliti kaphayini kukhona ubuchwepheshe bokubumba obuyinkimbinkimbi kunabo bonke emhlabeni wetiye eliluhlaza — «ibhaleyi ezintendeni zezandla», eyamukelwa yi-UNESCO njengegugu lawo wonke umuntu. I-Yǔ Huā Chá ihlanganisa izilinganiso ezintathu: olungokomlando — inkumbulo yamavukela-mbuso awile kanye nenganekwane yasendulo yobuBuddha ngemvula yezimbali yasezulwini; olungokobuciko — uhlu oluyingqayizivele lwabenzi kusukela ku-Lù Yíng (1907) kuya ku-Wáng Yàlún (XXI c.); nolunambuthekwayo — ubusha obuhlanzekile obuluhlaza, iphunga lezimbali elimnene, «umzimba» ominyene kanye nobumnandi obude be-huígān, obwembulwa ekuthelweni ngakunye. Lapho wenza i-Yǔ Huā Chá engilazini ekhanyayo futhi ubuka izinaliti ezibubende zijikeleza emanzini aluhlaza okotshani, awuphuzi nje itiye — uthinta umlando ophilayo wedolobha elanikeza iShayina isiko letiye elivundlile, elamukela u-Lù Yǔ ezindongeni zesigodlo i-Qīxiá futhi kuze kube namuhla igcina imfihlakalo «yebhaleyi ezintendeni zezandla» — isuka kumuntu oyedwa iye komunye, kusuka esizukulwaneni siye kwesinye.