Itiye Eliluhlaza LwaseNanhai

Itiye Eliluhlaza LwaseNanhai (南海绿茶, Nánhǎi lǜchá) — “Itiye Eliluhlaza LwaseSouth Sea” — itiye eliluhlaza elivela esifundeni saseDing’an (定安县, Dìng’ān Xiàn) esifundazweni saseHainan (海南省, Hǎinán Shěng), elitshalwa enhlabathini yentaba-mlilo (火山灰及火山石, huǒshān huī jí huǒshān shí), ecebile ngokwemvelo nge-selenium (硒, xī): izinga le-Se enhlabathini liphindwe kathathu kunalesilinganiso saseShayina, kanti etiyeni eliphelele lifinyelela ku-≥0.8 mg/kg — uma kuqhathaniswa nenkambiso yetiye eliluhlaza elivamile elingaphansi kuka-0.3 mg/kg. Itiye Eliluhlaza LwaseNanhai — liyifa le-Nánhǎi Cháchǎng (南海茶厂, Nánhǎi Cháchǎng, “Ifekthri Yetiye YaseSouth Sea”), eyasungulwa ngo-1974 futhi yaba ngomunye “wamafekthri amahlanu amakhulu etiye eShayina” (中国五大茶场, Zhōngguó Wǔ Dà Cháchǎng) ngo-1989: izingadi ezingaphezu kuka-20 000 mu, ukukhiqizwa okungaphezu kwamathani angu-2000 ngonyaka, imali engenayo yokuthumela kwelinye izwe evela etiyeni elibomvu ngaphansi kophawu lwe-“Yuǎnyáng” (远洋牌, Yuǎnyáng Pái) engama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-24. Ngemva kokuwohloka kuka-1990–2009, ifekthri yahlelwa kabusha futhi ngo-2016 yaba ingxenye ye-Hainan State Farms Wuzhishan Tea Group (海南省农垦五指山茶业集团, Hǎinán Shěng Nóngkěn Wǔzhǐshān Cháyè Jítuán). Uphawu lwanamuhla — “Hǎikěn Brand” (海垦牌, Hǎikěn Pái).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavuthwanga. Ngokobuchwepheshe — elosiwe (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá). Ngokwesimo — elisontekile (卷曲形, juǎnqū xíng) elinoboya. Likhiqizwa ngezigaba ezintathu: I-Se-green esezingeni eliphezulu (特级富硒绿茶, tèjí fù xī lǜchá) — umsundulo owodwa, i-Se ≥0.8 mg/kg, iphunga le-castnut; ephunga liphezulu (高香绿茶, gāoxiāng lǜchá) — evela ezinhlobeni ze-Qílán ne-Huángguānyīn, iphrofayili yezimbali; yendabuko (传统炒青, chuántǒng chǎoqīng) — enkulu, yokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke nokupakishwa.

• Isigaba: Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo lwe-People’s Republic of China (国家地理标志保护产品). Owake waba “amafekthri amahlanu amakhulu etiye eShayina” (中国五大茶场, 1989). Umklomelo okhethekile “Zhōng Chá Bēi” (中茶杯特等奖, 2017). Umklomelo we-International Tea Exhibition of China (中国国际茶业博览会优质奖, 2018). Uyingxenye ye-Wuzhishan Group (海垦).

• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hainan (海南省, Hǎinán Shěng), isifunda sase-Ding’an (定安县, Dìng’ān Xiàn). I-Hainan isifundazwe setiye esiseningizimu kakhulu eShayina (18–20° N), okuwukuphela kwendawo yetiye elisendaweni eshisayo ezweni. Izingadi zetiye zase-Nánhǎi Cháyuán (南海茶园, Nánhǎi Cháyuán) zitholakala ebhandeni le-Se lentaba-mlilo — indawo yomlotha wentaba-mlilo ne-lava, okwakha inhlabathi enamazinga aphezulu ngokungavamile e-selenium.

• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u-19°30′–19°45′ N, 110°10′–110°25′ E. Ukuphakama — 50–200 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando wangaphambilini: izimpande zetiye lase-Hainan. I-Hainan inomlando wetiye omude, nakuba ungaziwa kangako. Abantu base-Li (黎族, Lízú), abahlali bomdabu basesiqhingini, basebenzisa itiye lasendle (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) elivela emahlathini ase-Wuzhishan (五指山) njengekhambi lezokwelapha isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kuqhamuke ukutshalwa kwetiye okuhleliwe. Ngo-1920, i-“Report on the Survey of Qiongya Industry” (《调查琼崖实业报告书》) yaphawula ukuthi itiye lasendle lezintaba ezinhlanu “alingaphansi kwe-Longjing ngombala”, kodwa abantu bendawo babengenalo ikhono lokulicubungula. Ukutshalwa kwetiye ngokwezimboni esiqhingini kwaqala kuphela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1950s, lapho izinhlaka zezolimo zikahulumeni (农垦, nóngkěn) zakha izisekelo zokukhiqiza itiye elibomvu lokuthunyelwa kwelinye izwe.

• 1974 — ukusungulwa kwe-Nánhǎi Cháchǎng. Ifekthri yetiye yase-South Sea yasungulwa esifundeni sase-Ding’an ngo-1974 ngaphansi kohlelo lukahulumeni lokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwetiye e-Hainan. Ngo-1976 kwavunwa isivuno sokuqala. Ifekthri yayigxile kakhulu etiyeni elibomvu le-CTC (红碎茶, hóng suì chá) lokuthunyelwa kwelinye izwe, elalikhiqizwa ngaphansi kophawu lwe-“Yuǎnyáng” (远洋牌, okusho ukuthi “Uphawu Lwasolwandle”).

• 1989 — inani eliphakeme: “Amafektri Amahlanu Amakhulu Etiye.” Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1980s, i-Nánhǎi Cháchǎng yafinyelela izinga elimangalisayo: izingadi zetiye ezingaphezu kuka-20 000 mu (≈1333 ha), ukukhiqizwa okungaphezu kwamathani angu-2000 ngonyaka, ukuthunyelwa kwetiye elibomvu emazweni angu-18 — i-USA, i-New Zealand, i-Japan, i-France, i-Singapore, namanye. Isamba semali engenayo yokuthunyelwa kwelinye izwe sasingama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-24. Ifektri yaba phakathi “kwamafektri amahlanu amakhulu etiye eShayina” — kanye namanye amafektri amakhulu kahulumeni wezwe. Sekukonke, ukutshalwa kwetiye kukahulumeni wase-Hainan kwakhiqiza amathani angu-63 600 etiye elomile ngo-1990, kuhlanganise namathani angaphezu kuka-40 000 athunyelwa kwelinye izwe, aletha imali engaphezu kwe-RMB 70 million.

• 1990–2009 — ukwehla. Ukuguqulwa kohlelo lokuhweba lwangaphandle lwe-PRC maphakathi nawo-1990s kwaqeda ukuthengwa okumisiwe. Ukuthunyelwa kwelinye izwe kwetiye elibomvu kwavinjelwa ngempela — amanani omhlaba ehla, kanti isidingo sasekhaya e-China sasithambekele etiyeni eliluhlaza nase-ulong. Izingadi zetiye zase-Nánhǎi zashiywa ngokwengxenye, ukukhiqizwa kwehliswa ngokuphindwe amashumi.

• 2010 — ukuvuselelwa. Ukuqala kwesu elisha: ukuguquka kusuka etiyeni elibomvu kuya etiyeni eliluhlaza elicebile nge-Se, kusetshenziswa inzuzo eyingqayizivele yenhlabathi yentaba-mlilo. Kwethulwa izinhlobo ezinamakha aphezulu ezivela e-Fujian — Qílán (奇兰, Qílán) ne-Huángguānyīn (黄观音, Huángguānyīn), — ezaletha iphrofayili yezimbali emgqeni owawuyi-“castnut” ngokwendabuko. Ngo-2016, ifektri yaba ingxenye ye-Wuzhishan Group. Ngo-2017 — umklomelo okhethekile “Zhōng Chá Bēi”. Ngo-2018 — umklomelo wamazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-2024 — izingadi ezingaphezu kuka-1000 mu, cishe amathani angu-50 okukhiqizwa ngonyaka, ukuhlolwa kwamapharamitha angu-481 okulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngokwamazinga e-EU.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko. I-Hainan iyisiqhingi esinelifa letiye elahlala isikhathi eside linganakiwe uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Yunnan, i-Fujian, ne-Zhejiang. Itiye Eliluhlaza LwaseNanhai linikeza inhlanganisela eyivelakancane etiyeni laseShayina: isimo sezulu esishisayo, i-geology yentaba-mlilo, kanye nokunothiswa nge-Se. Ngokwengqikithi ebanzi yesiko lase-Hainan, itiye liyahambisana nesiko le-“lǎobà chá” (老爸茶, lǎobà chá) — ukuphuza itiye okungahambeleli ezindaweni zetiye ezivulekile, okuyingxenye yempilo yansuku zonke yesiqhingi.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezingxenye Ezisetshenziswayo:

• Ama-Cultivar: Ukukhiqizwa kwetiye Eliluhlaza LwaseNanhai kusetshenziswa izinhlobo zamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo nezincane ze-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, ezikhethelwe ukumelana nokushisa nokuswakama okuphezulu kwesimo sezulu esishisayo:

  • Qílán Chá (奇兰茶, Qílán Chá) — “I-Orchid Emangalisayo,” i-cultivar yase-Fujian enamakha aphezulu. Inikeza iphunga lezimbali elicacile (兰花香, lánhuāxiāng) emgqeni “wetiye eliluhlaza elinephunga eliphezulu.”
  • Huángguānyīn (黄观音, Huángguānyīn) — “I-Guanyin Ephuzi,” inhlanganisela eyakhiwe e-Fujian. Ileta iphunga lezimbali elimnandi elinezici ze-honeysuckle.
  • Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá) — uhlobo olusetshenziswa kabanzi oluhlinzeka ngephrofayili eyisisekelo emnandi, ebushelelezi. Iwuhlobo oluyinhloko lomgqeni we-Se. Zonke izinhlobo ziyi-clonal, zandiswa ngezimbewu, futhi zijwayelane nezimo ezishisayo zase-Hainan.

• Izinga lokuvuna kanye namabanga:

  • I-Se esezingeni eliphezulu (特级富硒): Umsundulo owodwa (单芽), oqinile, onoboya. I-Se ≥0.8 mg/kg. Iphunga le-castnut. Kusuka ku-RMB 800/500 g.
  • Ibanga lokuqala (一级): Umsundulo owodwa + iqabunga elilodwa (一芽一叶). RMB 300–500/500 g.
  • Ibanga lesibili (二级): Umsundulo owodwa + amaqabunga amabili (一芽二叶). Elikhulu, lisetshenziselwa itiye elisemaphaketheni.

• Izinkathi zonyaka: Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo sase-Hainan, izihlahla zetiye zikhula unyaka wonke. Ukuvuna kungenzeka izinyanga eziyi-10–11 ngonyaka. Itiye lasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lase-Hainan lifika emakethe ngo-January — izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngaphambi kwezinye izifundazwe zase-China, okuvumela ukuthi limiswe ngokuthi “itiye lokuqala lentwasahlobo lonyaka” (华夏第一早春茶). Ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo (1–3 月) — ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu; ihlobo nekwindla — okwemigqa emikhulu.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:

• Isimo sezulu: I-monsoon eshisayo (热带季风气候, rèdài jìfēng qìhòu). Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi — 22–25°C. Imvula yonyaka — cishe 2200 mm. Ukugcwala kwamafu — izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-260 ngonyaka — esinye sezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezindawo zetiye zase-China. Ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kungaphezu kuka-75% wenani eliphelele lokukhanya. Ihlobo elide ngaphandle kwesithwathwa, isikhathi esifushane esomile. Izihlahla zetiye azilali ebusika, okuqinisekisa ukukhula unyaka wonke nokukhiqiza okuphezulu.

• Inhlabathi: Yentaba-mlilo — ekhule phezu kwe-substrate yomlotha wentaba-mlilo ne-lava (火山灰及火山石发育). Ine-asidi (pH 5.0–5.5). Icebise ngokwemvelo nge-selenium (Se) — okuqukethwe kuphindwe kathathu kunalesilinganiso saseShayina. Imvelaphi yentaba-mlilo inikeza iphrofayili ecebile yamaminerali: ngaphandle kwe-Se, amazinga aphezulu e-potassium, i-magnesium, i-iron, kanye nochungechunge lwama-microelements. Inhlabathi inezimbotshana, ikhipha amanzi kahle — amanzi amaningi e-tropical awadali ukuma kwamanzi.

• Imvelo: Ukumbozwa kwehlathi endaweni yezingadi zetiye — 86% — esinye sezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezindawo zetiye zase-China. Izinsiza zamanzi — ibanga lokuqala lokuhlanzeka. Izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali azivunyelwe ngokuphelele. Ukuphathwa — okuphilayo. Umkhiqizo uhlolwa ngamapharamitha angu-481 ngokuvumelana nezidingo ze-EU.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe betiye Eliluhlaza LwaseNanhai — ukugazinga okuvamile (炒青, chǎoqīng), okuguqulelwe ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezishisayo. Isimiso esiyinhloko — “izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likhiya iphunga” (高温锁香, gāowēn suǒ xiāng): ukulungiswa ngokushesha ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, kulandelwe ukupholisa ngokushesha ukuze kugcinwe inhlanganisela yephunga eliguquguqukayo.

• Ukuhlukaniswa (摊青, tān qīng): Amahora angu-4–6 egumbini elinomoya. Ukuhwamuka komswakama wangaphezulu, ukuqala kokwakheka kwezandulela zephunga.

• “Ukubulawa kokuluhlaza” (杀青, shā qīng): Isigubhu esijikelezayo, izinga lokushisa — 160–180°C. Ukulungiswa ngokushesha — ukuvala ama-enzyme, ukuvimbela i-oxidation. Ngokushesha ngemva kokulungiswa — ukupholisa ngokushesha ukuze kugwemeke ukulimala okubangelwa ukushisa kwemisundulo emihle nokulahleka kwamakha aguquguqukayo.

• Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Okuncane, emgqeni (条形). Ukubhidlika kwezindonga zamangqamuzana, ukwakheka kwesimo sokuqala.

• Ukomiswa kwesibili (烘二青, hōng èr qīng): Ukomiswa okuphakathi, ukwehlisa umswakama ufike ezingeni elizinzile.

• Ukubunjwa / “ukuhlela imigqa” (理条, lǐ tiáo): Ukunikeza isimo sokugcina esisontekile (卷曲形). Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokubumba.

• “Ukuphakamisa uboya” (提毫, tí háo): Isigaba esikhethekile esihloselwe “ukubonakalisa” izintambo ezimhlophe (白毫) ebusweni bezinhlayiya zetiye. Uboya — kuyinkomba yobumnene bezinto ezingavuthiwe futhi kungenye yezimpawu ezibonakalayo zekhwalithi.

• Ukomiswa kokugcina (足干, zú gān): Ukwehlisa umswakama ufike ku-≤6%. Ukuzinzisa isimo, ukulungisa iphunga.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imigoqa eqinile, emincane esontekile (条索紧细卷曲, tiáosuǒ jǐn xì juǎnqū). Igilosa eluhlaza okotshani elinokucwebezela okunamafutha, embozwe uboya obumhlophe obubonakalayo (翠绿油润显毫, cuìlǜ yóurùn xiǎn háo). Ebushelelezi, ehlukile.

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elihlanzekile (清香, qīngxiāng) elinethoni ye-castnut (栗香) etiyeni le-Se lasentwasahlobo. Ezinhlobeni ze-Qílán ne-Huángguānyīn — ithoni yezimbali ecacile (花香, huāxiāng) enezici ze-orchid ne-honeysuckle.

• Iphunga lokuphisa: Eliphakeme, eliqinile. Eliyi-castnut — emgqeni we-Se. Eliyizimbali — emgqeni onephunga eliphezulu. Iphunga lenkomishi ebandayo liqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-8 — inkomba yokuqina okumangalisayo kwenhlanganisela yephunga, okuyisici sezinto ezingavuthiwe ezishisayo ezinamazinga aphezulu kawoyela abalulekile.

• Ukunambitheka: Okusha (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng). Okunoshukela-mnene (甘醇, gānchún). Ubumuncu obuncane — obuphansi ngokuphawulekayo kunetiyeni eliluhlaza elivela ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho kakhudlwana. Ukubuya kobumnandi (回甘) kucacile futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside. Umzimba wokuphisa — ophakathi, ngento ebushelelezi.

• Umbala wokuphisa: Ophuzi-oluhlaza, ohlanzekile futhi okhanyayo (黄绿清亮, huánglǜ qīng liàng).

• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphalazwe): Elimnene, eliqoqwe “libe yizimbali” (成朵, chéng duǒ), iphuzi-oluhlaza, “eliphilayo” — amaqabunga agcina ukuqina nobusha (嫩匀成朵，黄绿鲜活).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• I-Selenium (硒, xī): ≥0.8 mg/kg etiyeni eliphelele — ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-2.5 kunetiyeni eliluhlaza elivamile (≤0.3 mg/kg). I-Selenium ingena esihlahleni setiye ngokusebenzisa izimpande enhlabathini yentaba-mlilo futhi iqoqeka emahlumeleni amancane. Uhlobo oluyinhloko lwe-Se etiyeni — i-selenium ephilayo (i-selenomethionine, i-selenocysteine), enokufumaneka kalula emzimbeni. Lokhu kuyisici esiyinhloko esiyingqayizivele setiye Eliluhlaza LwaseNanhai, esichaza ukumiswa kwalo njengetiye eliluhlaza “elisebenzayo.”

• Ama-Polyphenols (茶多酚): ≥25%. Isimo sezulu esishisayo esinokukhanya okuphezulu kugqugquzela ukwakheka kwama-polyphenols eqabungeni.

• Ama-Amino acid (氨基酸): ≥3.5%. Kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine — ingxenye eyinhloko “yobusha” (鲜爽). Izimo ezishisayo azivuni kangako ekuqongeleleni ama-amino acid uma kuqhathaniswa nezifundazwe ezisenyakatho, kodwa inkomba engu-3.5% — iyabongeka etiyeni eliluhlaza elishisayo.

• I-Caffeine (咖啡碱): Okuqukethwe okuvamile okutholakala etiyeni eliluhlaza — 3.0–4.5%. Imvelaphi eshisayo nokukhula ngokushesha kwesisindo sezitshalo kungakhuphula amazinga e-caffeine.

• Amavithamini: UVithamini C (i-ascorbic acid) — izinto ezingavuthiwe ezishisayo zinomthamo ophakeme. Amavithamini eqembu B, uvithamini E.

• Ama-Minerali: Ngaphandle kwe-selenium — i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-iron, i-zinc, i-manganese. I-substrate yentaba-mlilo inikeza uhla olubanzi lwama-microelements.

• Amawoyela abalulekile: Okuqukethwe okuphakeme — umphumela wesimo sezulu esishisayo nokukhula unyaka wonke. Izinhlanganisela ze-terpene ezinamazinga abilayo aphezulu zakha iphunga eliqinile (inkomishi ebandayo >imizuzu engu-8).

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukuvikela ama-antioxidant nge-Se. I-selenium ephilayo (≥0.8 mg/kg) — i-cofactor ye-glutathione peroxidase, enye yama-enzyme abalulekile ohlelweni lwe-antioxidant lomzimba. Ukusebenza ngokuhlanganyela kwe-Se nama-polyphenols etiye kudala umthelela we-antioxidant osebenzisanayo.

• Ukusekela indlala yegilo. I-Selenium iyadingeka ekwakhiweni kwama-deiodinases — ama-enzyme aguqula i-thyroxine (T4) ibe yi-triiodothyronine (T3) esebenzayo. Ukuphuza njalo itiye elicebile nge-Se kusiza ekugcineni umsebenzi ovamile wendala yegilo.

• Ukulawulwa komzimba. I-Selenium iqinisa ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba, ikhuphula umsebenzi wama-NK cell (amangqamuzana abulalayo emvelo) nama-T-lymphocyte.

• Umthelela we-antioxidant wama-polyphenols. Ama-Catechin (≥25% ama-polyphenols) anciphisa ama-radical mahhala, avikele ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana ne-DNA ekulimaleni okubangelwa yi-oxidation.

• Umthelela wokuvuselela. I-Caffeine ngokuhlangana ne-L-theanine inikeza ukugqugquzela okuthambile, okuqhubekayo — ukuthuthukiswa kokugxila ngaphandle kokujabulisa “imizwa.”

• Ukusekela umzimba we-lipid. Ama-Polyphenols etiye abamba iqhaza ekulawuleni amazinga e-LDL cholesterol ne-triglycerides.

• Ukuvikela inhliziyo. I-Selenium ngokuhlangana nama-polyphenols inikeza umthelela wokuvikela ohlelweni lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, inciphisa ubungozi bokulimala okubangelwa yi-oxidation eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi.

• Ukusekela ukusebenza kwengqondo. I-L-theanine isiza ekukhiqizeni amagagasi obuchopho e-α, ithuthukisa ukunaka nenkumbulo yokusebenza.

9. Ukuphisa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85°C ebangeni lokuqala nelesibili. Ebangeni eliphezulu le-Se (imisundulo eyodwa) — 75°C — izinga lokushisa eliphansi livimbela “ukushiswa” kwemisundulo emihle futhi livumela ukuba kudalulwe ubumnandi ngokugcwele.

• Inani letiye: Amagremu angu-3 ku-150 ml (isilinganiso 1:50).

• Imidweshu: Ingilazi yeglasi — ukubuka ukusonteka kwemigqa. I-gaiwan enezindonga ezincane (薄胎盖碗) — ukulawula ngokunembile ukukhishwa kwamanzi. Inkomishi ye-porcelain enesivalo.

• Inqubo:

  1. Shisisa imidweshu ngamanzi ashisayo, uwachithe.
  2. Thela itiye.
  3. Sebenzisa “ukuthela okumaphakathi” (中投法): thela u-1/3 wevolumu yamanzi, unyakazise, uvumele izinhlayiya zetiye zimanzisise, bese wengezela size sigcwalise ivolumu yonke.
  4. Ukuphisa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15–20.
  5. Thela ukuphisa.
  6. Ukuphisa okuphindwayo — ukuphisa izikhathi ezi-3, okulandelayo ngamunye — +10–15 imizuzwana. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezishisayo zikhipha ngokushesha kunezasenyakatho, ngakho isikhathi sokufakwa sifushane.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Ukugcinwa okuyisisekelo: Ukupakishwa okuvaliwe (isikhwama se-aluminium, ukukhipha umoya nge-vacuum), esiqandisini ku-0–5°C. Isikhathi — sifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-12.

• Izitha zetiye: Umswakama (okubaluleke kakhulu esimweni sezulu esishisayo — lapho kugcinwa e-Hainan, igumbi elinomoya opholile liyadingeka), iphunga langaphandle, ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umoya-mpilo.

• Isincomo: Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Hainan linconywa ukuthi liphuzwe liselisha — phakathi nezinyanga eziyisi-6 ngemuva kokukhiqizwa. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezishisayo azimelani kangako nokugcinwa isikhathi eside uma uqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza asenyakatho.

11. Intengo Nokugwemeka Kwemikhiqizo Engesiwo:

• Isigaba senani: Ibanga eliphezulu le-Se (特级富硒) — kusuka ku-RMB 800/500 g (≈$110+). Ibanga lokuqala (高香绿茶) — RMB 300–500/500 g. Ibanga lesibili (传统炒青) — kusuka ku-RMB 100/500 g. Uma kuqhathaniswa nelinye itiye elidumile lase-Hainan — i-Báishā Lǜchá (白沙绿茶) — Itiye Eliluhlaza LwaseNanhai limiswe esigabeni senani elifanayo, kodwa ngokugxila ekunothisweni nge-Se.

• Ungayigwema kanjani imikhiqizo engesiwo:

  • Ukumakwa. Itiye langempela limakwe ngophawu lwendawo “南海绿茶” kanye/noma uphawu “海垦牌” (Hǎikěn). Kukhona isitifiketi sokuqukethwe yi-Se.
  • Isimo. Imigoqa esontekile enoboya, ebuluhlaza okotshani. Ayichitheki, ayiphuzi.
  • Iphunga. Elihlanzekile, i-castnut (umugqa we-Se) noma izimbali (Qílán/Huángguānyīn). Akukho phunga elishisiwe, elimuncu.
  • Ukuphisa. Ophuzi-oluhlaza, okhanyayo. Ukuphisa okufiphele noma okumnyama kuwuphawu lomgunyathi.
  • Intengo. I-Se-tiyi esezingeni eliphezulu ayikwazi ukubiza ngaphansi kwe-RMB 500/500 g. “I-Se-green tea” eshibhile engenaso isitifiketi kungenzeka ukuthi ingumgunyathi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• I-Se yentaba-mlilo — ukugcwala okuphindwe kathathu. Inhlabathi yezingadi zetiye zase-Nánhǎi yakhiwe ngomlotha wentaba-mlilo ne-lava — uhlobo oluyivelakancane kakhulu lwe-substrate ezindaweni zetiye. Izinga le-Se enhlabathini — liphindwe kathathu kunalesilinganiso saseShayina. Ukuqhathanisa: enye indawo edumile ye-Se-tiyi — i-Ānkāng (安康) e-Shaanxi — nayo icebile nge-selenium, kodwa ivela emadwaleni amatshe, hhayi ezintabeni-mlilo.

• “Amafektri Amahlanu Amakhulu Etiye” (1989). Enkathini ephakeme, i-Nánhǎi Cháchǎng yacubungula izingadi ezingaphezu kuka-20 000 mu futhi yakhiqiza amathani etiye angaphezu kuka-2000 ngonyaka. Itiye elibomvu lophawu lwe-“Yuǎnyáng” lathunyelwa emazweni angu-18 futhi laletha imali engenayo yokuthunyelwa kwelinye izwe engama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-24. Isiphetho sefektri — kusukela ebukhulwini kuya ekulibaleni futhi kuqhubeke — silandisa umlando omangalisayo wokutshalwa kwetiye lase-Hainan.

• Izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-260 zamafu. I-Ding’an ingenye yezindawo zetiye “ezinamafu” kakhulu e-China: izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-260 ngonyaka isibhakabhaka simbozwe amafu. Ukuqhathanisa: i-Méngdǐng Shān (蒙顶山) e-Sichuan — cishe izinsuku ezingama-280, kodwa amafu ase-Méngdǐng ayinkungu nemvula, kanti awase-Ding’an awumhwamuko oshisayo namafu aphezulu e-cumulus, ahlinzeka ngokukhanya okuthambile okuhlakazekile ngaphandle kokushisa ngokweqile.

• 86% wehlathi. Ukumbozwa kwehlathi kwendawo yezingadi zetiye — 86%, esinye sezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu kuzo zonke izindawo zetiye zase-China. Isimiso sehlathi sisekela ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo, isimo sezulu esincane, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ezilokazaneni.

• I-Qílán — “I-Orchid Emangalisayo.” Ukwethulwa kohlobo lwe-Fujian olunamakha aphezulu i-Qílán enhlabathini yentaba-mlilo yase-Hainan — kwakuwukuhlolwa kweminyaka yawo-2010, okwaletha iphrofayili yezimbali ekhanyayo emgqeni wendabuko we-“castnut” we-Se futhi kwakha uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele lwetiye eliluhlaza e-Hainan.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

• I-Báishā Lǜchá (白沙绿茶, Báishā Lǜchá). Futhi itiye eliluhlaza lase-Hainan elinophawu lwendawo. I-Báishā — ivela engxenyeni esentshonalanga yesiqhingi, enhlabathini eyingqayizivele ye-meteorite crater (陨石坑); i-Nánhǎi — ivela engxenyeni emaphakathi, enhlabathini yentaba-mlilo. Zomibili zicebile ngama-microelements angavamile, kodwa i-Nánhǎi — i-Se-tiyi ngamabomu, kanti i-Báishā — “i-crater tea” ngaphandle kokugxila ku-Se. I-Báishā idume kakhulu emakethe yasekhaya.

• I-Ānkāng Fù-Xī Lǜchá (安康富硒绿茶, Ānkāng Fù-Xī Lǜchá). Evela esifundazweni sase-Shaanxi, nayo icebile nge-Se. I-Se yase-Ānkāng — ivela emadwaleni amatshe, i-Se yase-Nánhǎi — evela ezintabeni-mlilo. Itiye lase-Ānkāng — lisendaweni eshisayo esenyakatho (ama-amino acid aphezulu, iphrofayili “entsha” kakhudlwana); elase-Nánhǎi — endaweni eshisayo (ama-polyphenols aphezulu, iphrofayili “eqinile” kakhudlwana). Ama-geology ahlukene anikeza uhla oluhlukile lwe-mineral.

• Ēnshī Yùlù (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù). Evela esifundazweni sase-Hubei, nayo itshalwa enhlabathini ecebile nge-Se. I-Ēnshī Yùlù — itiye eliluhlaza eliphekiwe (蒸青, zhēngqīng), i-Nánhǎi Lǜchá — elosiwe (炒青). Ubuchwepheshe obuhluke ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwesihloko esifanayo se-Se: i-Ēnshī Yùlù igcina i-chlorophyll engaphezulu futhi inephrofayili ye-“-sea” umami, i-Nánhǎi — iphrofayili ye-castnut noma yezimbali yokugazinga.

• I-Shuǐmǎn Lǜchá (水满绿茶, Shuǐmǎn Lǜchá). Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Hainan elivela emzaneni wase-Shuǐmǎn (水满乡) esifundeni sase-Wuzhishan. I-Shuǐmǎn — ivela ohlotsheni lwamahlamvu amakhulu lwase-Hainan lwasendle (C. sinensis var. assamica), enkabeni yezintaba (500–800 m); i-Nánhǎi — ivela ezinhlobeni ezimaphakathi ezethulwe, enkabeni yezintaba ephansi (50–200 m). I-Shuǐmǎn — “iyasendle” kakhudlwana, inobumuncu obucacile; i-Nánhǎi — “iyaphucuka” kakhudlwana, igxile ebumnandini naku-Se.

Njengesiphetho:

Itiye Eliluhlaza LwaseNanhai — itiye elimayelana ne-selenium evela entabeni-mlilo: inhlabathi eyakhiwe ngomlotha ne-lava, ecebile nge-Se ngokuphindwe kathathu kunesilinganiso, ikhiqiza itiye eline-selenium ephilayo ≥0.8 mg/kg — ifomula yalabo abazisa hhayi ukunambitheka kuphela, kodwa namandla e-microelement enkomishini ngayinye. Ngemuva kwale fomula kukhona umlando “wamafektri amahlanu amakhulu,” ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-24 okuthunyelwa kwelinye izwe, iminyaka eyishumi yokuwohloka, ukuvuselelwa kweminyaka yawo-2010, namafu asezindaweni ezishisayo izinsuku ezingu-260 ngonyaka. Itiye Eliluhlaza LwaseNanhai — lingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza ambalwa ase-China lapho i-geology ichaza khona ubunjalo: hhayi ukuphakama, hhayi ubudala bezihlahla, hhayi igama lengcweti, kodwa umlilo wentaba-mlilo, oguqulwe waba yi-selenium, i-selenium — ibe yimpilo, impilo — ibe yinkomishi.