Nánchuān Lǜchá

Nánchuān Lǜchá (南川绿茶, Nánchuān lǜchá) — ‘Itheye Eliluhlaza LaseNánchuān’ — itiye eliluhlaza elivela endaweni yaseNánchuān (南川区, Nánchuān Qū) yedolobha elingaphansi kombuso ophakathi waseChóngqìng (重庆市), elitshalwa emithambekeni yentaba iJīnfóshān (金佛山, Jīnfóshān, ‘Intaba Yegolide KaBuddha’, 2238 m) — indawo eyigugu lomhlaba le-UNESCO (kusukela ngo-2014, njengengxenye ‘yeZwe Lezindawo Eziluhlaza Zaseningizimu yeChina’), indawo yemvelo yesizwe kanye nesisodwa sezikhungo ezinkulu zezinto eziphilayo zezwe (izinga elingaphezu kwezinhlobo eziyi-5000 zezitshalo, izilwane eziphilayo ezingaphezu kwezi-500). Isiko letiye laseNánchuān lineminyaka engaphezu kwe-1700 — kusukela eminikeleni yamaBā (巴人, Bā rén) enkantolo yaseZhou kuya ku-‘Incwadi Yesimanje Yetiye’ yeNkathi Yamadolobha Amahlanu (《茶谱》, Chá Pǔ, ngekhulu lesi-5), eyabhalwa: 「涪州出三般茶，宾化最上」 — ‘IFúzhōu ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezintathu zetiye; kusukela [esifundazweni] iBìnhuà [=Nánchuān] — elincono kakhulu.’ Ama-amino acids — 4,3% (okuphakade okungaphezu kwesilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza), i-selenium (Se) — ≥0,3 mg/kg ebangeni eliphakeme, izinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260 ngonyaka. Ibanga eliphakeme — ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ (金佛玉翠, Jīnfó Yùcuì, ‘Uhlaza LweJade LweGegede likaBuddha’), 5000–10,000 Yuan/kg. Isihloko esiphindiwe kane ‘Ezingu-10 Ezincono Kakhulu Zetiye laseChóngqìng’ (重庆市十大名茶, kusukela ngo-2008). Ngo-2024 — ama-mu ayi-134,500 amasimu, inani eliphelele lemboni — izigidigidi eziyi-1.23 zama-Yuan.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga. Ucwaningo — ukugazinga bese kuthiwe komiswa ngamalahle. Likhishwa ngezindlela ezintathu: eliqondile (紧直形, jǐn zhí xíng) — lwebanga eliphakeme ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’, elimise okwamashiya (眉形, méi xíng) — lwebanga lokuqala, eliningi elenziwe ngokugazingwa (大宗炒青, dàzōng chǎoqīng) — lwebanga lesibili kanye nemikhiqizo eyisisekelo.

• Uhlobo Lomkhiqizo: Umkhiqizo okuphawulwe indawo yokukhiqiza eSizweni samaShayina (全国农产品地理标志产品, 2012). Oyine wahlula umncintiswano ‘Ezingu-10 Ezincono Kakhulu Zetiye laseChóngqìng’ (重庆市十大名茶, kusukela ngo-2008). Indondo yegolide yombukiso wamazwe aseGeneva wezokudla (日内瓦国际食品博览会金奖, 1987 — itiye elibomvu laseNánchuān). Indawo yokuqala kumawo onke ama-China athengiswayo angaphandle kwetiye elibomvu (全国外销第一名, 1980). Isimo ‘Sesizinda Setiye sezwe lonke’ (全国茶叶基地县, 1970) esifundeni.

• Imvelaphi: I-China, idolobha elingaphansi kombuso ophakathi iChóngqìng (重庆市), isifunda saseNánchuān (南川区). Amatshethi angama-29. Ukuma komhlaba: 106°54′–107°27′ e, 28°46′–29°30′ n. Isizinda: izindawo ezisenyakatho — iDàguān (大观镇, Dàguān Zhèn), iXīnglóng (兴隆镇, Xīnglóng Zhèn), iMùliáng (木凉镇, Mùliáng Zhèn), iHétú (河图镇, Hétú Zhèn), iQiánfēng (乾丰镇, Qiánfēng Zhèn) — ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingu-750–1200 m, emculweni wamafu, emhlabathini oqukethe i-selenium (Se).

• Ukuma komhlaba kwesizinda: Cishe 29°10′ n, 107°10′ e.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

• Umlando:

UShāng noZhōu — abantu bamaBā (商周, ~XI–III iminyaka BC). Abantu bamaBā (巴人), ababehlala emanzini akhulu eYangtze, babanikela ngomnikelo wetiye enkantolo yaseZhou. INánchuān yayiyingxenye yendawo okwakuhlala kuyo amaBā — enye yezindawo ezindala kunazo zonke zokukhiqiza itiye emhlabeni.

ULù Yǔ kanye no-‘Mthetho Wetiyie’ (陆羽, 《茶经》, ngekhulu lesi-8). ‘Ubaba wetiye’ uLù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) wabhala: 「巴山峡川有两人合抱」 — ‘Emifuleni yezintaba zaseBā kunezihlahla [zetiye] ezinkulu kangaka ukuthi kudingeka abantu ababili ukuba ziqhatshwe.’ Kucatshangelwa ukuthi lokhu kwakumayelana nezihlahla zetiye zasendulo zaseJīnfóshān — kuze kube namuhla kule ntaba cishe kusekhona izihlahla zetiye zasendle eziyizi-2000 (Camellia nanchuanica), esikhulu kunazo zonke sicishe sibe neminyaka eyi-2700.

‘Incwadi Yesimanje Yetiye’ (《茶谱》, ngekhulu lesi-5 / Inkathi Yamadolobha Amahlanu). UMáo Wénxī (毛文锡, Máo Wénxī) wabhala: 「涪州出三般茶，宾化最上」 — ‘IFúzhōu ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezintathu zetiye; kusukela [esifundazweni] iBìnhuà [=Nánchuān] — elincono kakhulu.’ Lokhu kungenye yezinsolo-ezibhaliwe ezindala kakhulu eziveza lesifunda njengomkhiqizi wetiye.

Iminyaka yowe-1920 — ukuthunyelwa emazweni angaphandle. Itiye elibomvu laseNánchuān lathunyelwa eRussia naseJapan, eliluhlaza — eYurophu naseMelika. Lesifunda sahlanganiswa ekuhwebeni kwetiye emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngo-1970–1987 — isikathi esiphakeme kakhulu. Ngo-1970: INánchuān yathola isimo ‘Sesizinda Setiye sezwe lonke’ (全国茶叶基地县). Ngo-1980: itiye elibomvu laseNánchuān laba endaweni yokuqala phakathi kwamawo wonke ama-China athengiswayo ngaphandle kwetiye elibomvu. Ngo-1984: indawo yokuqala kuMnyango Wezohwebo. Ngo-1987 kwaba yisikathi esiphakeme kakhulu sokwamukelwa emhlabeni jikelele: indondo yegolide yombukiso wamazwe aseGeneva wezokudla mayelana netiye elibomvu.

Ngo-1990 — ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’. Kwasungulwa ulayini osezingeni eliphezulu ‘金佛玉翠’ (Jīnfó Yùcuì, ‘Uhlaza LweJade LweGegede likaBuddha’) — itiye eliluhlaza lwebanga eliphakeme, eligxile ekumeni okuqondile, ekusetshenzisweni ngezandla nasekukhiqizweni okune-selenium.

Ngo-2008–2024. Isihloko esiphindiwe kane ‘Ezingu-10 Ezincono Kakhulu Zetiye laseChóngqìng’ (kusukela ngo-2008). Ukuphawulwa kwendawo yokukhiqiza (ngo-2012). Ngo-2024: amasimu ayi-134,500 ama-mu (~8967 ha), inani eliphelele — izigidigidi eziyi-1.23 zama-Yuan. Igama eliyisithako: ‘金佛山珍’ (Jīnfó Shānzhēn, ‘Iglugu LeNtaba Yegolide KaBuddha’).

• Igama:

  • ‘Nánchuān’ (南川, Nánchuān) — ‘UMfula Oseningizimu’ — isifunda esingaphansi kukaChóngqìng, esisempumalanga yezansi yeJīnfóshān.
  • ‘Lǜ Chá’ (绿茶, Lǜchá) — ‘Itheye Eliluhlaza’ — inkomba eqondile yohlobo.
  • Ibanga eliphakeme: ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ (金佛玉翠) — ‘Uhlaza LweJade LweGegede likaBuddha’ — inkomba eqondile yeJīnfóshān nombala oluhlaza njenge-jade wamahlumela amancane.

• Ukubaluleka kwesiko: IJīnfóshān — ‘Intaba Yegolide KaBuddha’ — yaqanjwa kanjalo ngenxa yokukhanya kwakusihlwa: ehlobo nasekwindla, lapho imisebe yelanga ihlasela amawa ayingqimba, intaba ikhanya ngegolide, ‘njengoBuddha wegolide ophuma imisebe engapheliyo.’ Indawo eyigugu lomhlaba le-UNESCO (kusukela ngo-2014), iJīnfóshān iyingxenye yochungechunge ‘Lwezindawo Eziluhlaza Zaseningizimu yeChina’ futhi yamukelwa njengesikhungo esibalulekile sezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Itiye elivela kule ntaba — ‘isiphuzo esingcwele sikaBuddha wegolide’, esiqukethe uphawu lobuBuddha ‘itiye ne-chan zinambitheka okukodwa’ (茶禅一味). EJīnfóshān kukhula ‘Izinhlobo Ezinhlanu Eziyingqayizivele’ (金佛山五绝): izihlahla zetiye zasendle, uqalo oluyisikwele (方竹), umsayipresi wesiliva (银杉, Cathaya argyrophylla), umginkgo kanye nomrhododendron oyisihlahla.

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo Nezinto Eziyisisekelo:

• Uhlobo / Isilimo: Amakloni amabili ayisisekelo: Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá) — isilimo esivamile esikhiqiza kakhulu, kanye neBāyú Tèzǎo (巴渝特早, Bāyú Tèzǎo, ‘I-Super-Early Bāyú’) — ikloni elingenaso inzalo elivuthwa ngokushesha elihlose izimo zaseChóngqìng. Ngaphezu kwalokho — izinhlobo zendawo eziyingxubevange (群体种, qúntǐ zhǒng), izizukulwane zezihlahla zetiye zasendulo. Uhlaka lwezinto zomzimba: ama-amino acid — 4,3%, ama-polyphenol — 30,35%. EJīnfóshān kukhona izihlahla zetiye zasendle eziyizi-2000 Camellia nanchuanica — uhlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu olukhona kule ndawo kuphela, oluyisitshalo esivikelwe esigabeni sokuqala sikazwelonke.

• Amabanga:

  • ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ (金佛玉翠, ibanga eliphakeme): Ihlumela elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa lisemkhawulweni wokuqala (一芽一叶初展). Ukusebenza ngezandla ngendlela ‘yokwamukela izandla eziyishumi’ (十大手法, shí dà shǒufǎ). Isimo ‘seqabunga likaqalo’ (竹叶形). Ivumba le-kastani elinenothi ‘ethambile’. Se ≥0,3 mg/kg. Intengo: 5000–10,000 Yuan/kg.
  • Ibanga lokuqala (一级): Ihlumela elilodwa + amaqabunga amabili. Isimo esinjengamashiya. Ukunambitheka okuqinile, okuqhubekayo. Kuyisizinda setiye lasentwasahlobo nehlobo.
  • Ibanga lesibili (二级): Ihlumela elilodwa + amaqabunga amabili noma amathathu. Isimo esiningi esenziwe ngokugazingwa.

4. Indawo Yemvelo Nezici Zokutshala:

• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama wamonsuni (亚热带湿润季风气候). Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elimaphakathi — 15,1°C (esicongweni seJīnfóshān ehlobo — cishe 17°C kanti eChóngqìng cishe 28°C). Imvula yonyaka elimaphakathi — 1185 mm. Isilinganisi esibalulekile — izinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260 ngonyaka (雾日260天). Umswakama ohlobene — 90%. Ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe kuyadlondlobala. Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku — ngaphezulu kwe-10°C. Lezi zimo zakha indawo yokukhula okunensayo kwamahlumela kanye nokuqoqeka okunamandla kwama-amino acid.

• Ukuphakama: 600–1200 m. Isizinda sokukhiqiza — 750–1200 m, ‘emculweni wamafu’ (云雾带, yúnwù dài). IJīnfóshān — umkhawulo osempumalanga weDàlóushān (大娄山), isicongo esiyinhloko iFēngchuīlǐng (风吹岭) — 2238 m (noma 2251 m ngemithombo ethile).

• Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi onsomi onesidingo esincane se-asidi (紫色土, zǐsè tǔ) kanye no-lomkhubane ophuzi (黄泥土, huángnítǔ), pH 4,5–6,5. Itshe elisemcinyeni — amatshe e-limestone we-Permian. Izinto eziphilayo ziningi. Isici esibalulekile: ngokwendawo, okuqukethwe yi-selenium (Se) kudlula i-1 ppm — isifunda saseNánchuān saziwa njengendawo enkulu kunazo zonke eneselenium emhlabathini eChóngqìng (ingaphezulu kwengxenye yendawo). I-Selenium iyingxenye eyisidingo ebalulekile, engenawo amaningana ezindaweni ezikhiqiza itiye.

• Imithombo yamanzi: Imifula iqala eJīnfóshān futhi ingena eYangtze naseWūjiāng. Izinga lamanzi liphakeme, eminye imithombo iqukethe i-strontium (Sr) esezingeni lomgomo wamanzi amaminerali.

• Umcele wezinto eziphilayo: Ukuhlambulula kwehlathi — 51%. Ukungcoliswa ziimboni akukho emculweni omkhulu. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo eJīnfóshān (izinhlobo eziphezu kwe-5000 zezitshalo, kufaka phakathi eziyi-181 ezitholakala kule ndawo kuphela; izilwane eziphilayo ezingaphezu kwezi-500) kunikeza ukuvikeleka okungokwemvelo ezinyonweni, kwehlisa isidingo samayeza okubulala izinambuzane ku-zero ebangeni eliphakeme.

5. Ucwaningo Lokukhiqiza:

Ucwaningo luhlanganisa izindlela zomsebenzi ngezandla ezigabeni eziphakeme nokusebenzisa imishene ezigabeni eziningi. Ngethiya elithi ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’, kusetshenziswa indlela ‘十大手法’ (shí dà shǒufǎ, ‘izindlela eziyishumi zesandla’: ‘bamba, nyakazisa, faka phansi, cindezela, donsa…’), efana naleyo esetshenziswa eLiányúngǎng Yúnwùchá. Ukukhiqiza kwamanje kuhlanganisa ukulawula nge-AI izinga lokushisa lokugazinga.

• Ukunaba (摊放, tānfàng): Kuze kube yihora lesi-8 — okuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kunamanye amathiyi amaningi aluhlaza. Ukunaba okude lapho umswakama uphezu kakhulu (90%) kusiza ekuhlukaneni okungaphambili kwamaprotheni ngezinsiza-buchopho kanye nokuqoqeka kwama-amino acid akhululekile.

• ‘Ukubulawa kokuluhlaza’ (杀青, shāqīng): 130°C. Indlela ‘yokushaya nokunyakazisa’ (抛抖, pāo dǒu) — ukuphenduka okuphakeme kuvimbela ukusha futhi kuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa okulinganayo.

• Ukugoqwa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukucindezela okuncane, imizuzu engu-4–8. Kuchitha izindonga zamaseli ukuze kube lula ukuphuma, kusungula isimo sokuqala.

• Ukoma kokuqala (初烘, chū hōng): Ngomoya oshisayo. Ukwehlisa umswakama kufinyelele ku ~15–20%.

• Ukoma kabusha (复烘, fù hōng): Izinga eliphakathi lokulungisa umswakama.

• Ukoma kokugcina ngamalahle (木炭烘焙, mùtàn hōngbèi): Kufinyelele umswakama ≤7%. Amalahle ekhuni anikeza ukushisa okuncane kwe-infrared, okwandisa ivumba le-kastani ngaphandle kwamaphunga ‘ashile’ ajwayelekile elangabini eliqondile.

Ngethiya elithi ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’: ukwenqatshelwa okungasho shuqhu kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane nezimonyo zamakhemikhali. Uhlelo olusebenzisa i-AI lulawula izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sangempela, lilungise indlela yokugazinga ngokususelwa emininingweni yezinzwa zomswakama nezinga lokushisa lamahlamvu.

6. Izici Zokuhlola:

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Ibanga eliphakeme: amacephe aqondile, ahlangene, aluhlaza anoboya obuningi, ‘njengamahlamvu kaqalo’ (紧直绿润, jǐn zhí lǜ rùn). Ibanga lokuqala: anjengamashiya (眉形), ahlangene. Ziningi: inqwaba eluhlaza eplazwe.

• Ivumba leqabunga elomile: I-kastani (栗香, lìxiāng) — eliyisisekelo, elifudumele, eliqhubekayo. Ebangeni eliphakeme — kunenothi eyengeziwe ‘ethambile’ (嫩香, nèn xiāng), esha futhi icishe ibe nobisi. Emikhiqizweni eminingi — lihlanzekile (清香, qīng xiāng).

• Ivumba lokuphisa: I-kastani efudumele, elivela ngezigaba ezimbili: esokuqala — ‘ukushaya okunamandla kwe-nut’, esesibili — igagasi elithambile lotshani nobumnandi obuncane. Ukuqina kwevumba — okungu-5–6 ukudonsa ebangeni eliphakeme.

• Ukunambitheka: Kusha (鲜爽, xiān shuǎng) — ama-amino acid angu-4,3% (ophawu oluphakeme ngokuphindwe kabili.) kunikeza uhlaka olucacile ‘lwe-umami’. Kuqinile (醇厚, chún hòu) — okuphakeme okukhishwa emanzini (≥35%). Ukubuya komnandi — okuqhubekayo, nokuphela ‘okunobisi nokunambitheka okumnandi’ okuhle. Umunyu nokubaba — kuncane ngenxa yokulingana okuphansi kwama-polyphenol nama-amino acid.

• Umbala wokuphisa: Uluhlaza ntambama, ukhanya (嫩绿明亮, nèn lǜ míng liàng). Usobala, nethoni encane ephuzi lapho ukhanyiselwa.

• Isizinda setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Liphuzi ngokuluhlaza, lifana, amahlamvu avuleka ‘njengezimbali’ (芽叶成朵, yá yè chéng duǒ) — uphawu lokuqoqa nokucubungula ngokucophelela.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-amino acid (氨基酸): 4,3% — okuphindwe kabili kwesilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza (~2–3%). Ingxenye enkulu yi-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸). Okuphakeme kubangelwa yizinto ezintathu: izinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260 (ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe kucindezela ukuguqulwa kwe-theanine ibe ngama-catechin), ukwehluka kwansuku zonke >10°C (izinga lokushisa eliphansi ebusuku linciphisa ukuguguleka kwama-amino acid) kanye nemhlabathi ene-selenium (i-Se ibamba iqhaza ekuguqulweni kwama-amino acid).

• Ama-polyphenol (茶多酚): 30,35% — izinga eliphakathi ngenhla. Uhlaka lwe-catechin luyalingana: ‘ufuzo’ olwanele ngaphandle kokuqina okweqile.

• Okukhishwa emanzini (水浸出物): ≥35% — ‘ukugcwala’ okuphezulu kokuphisa, ukuphinde ukuphisa okuningi.

• I-Selenium (Se, 硒): ≥0,3 mg/kg ebangeni eliphakeme. Evela emhlabathini one-selenium weJīnfóshān (ngokwendawo i-Se >1 ppm). I-Selenium iyingxenye eyisidingo enemiphumela yokulwa nomoya, yokuxhasa amasotsha omzimba, kanye nokuvikela indlala yesitho somqala.

• I-caffeine (咖啡碱): Cishe 3,0–4,0% — elinganiselwe, elijwayelekile etiyeni eliluhlaza.

• Amavithamini: C, B₁, B₂, E, K. UVithamini C ulondolozeka ngenxa yokucubungula okuthambile.

• Amaminerali: K, Mg, Mn, Zn, F, Se. I-Strontium (Sr) — ileveli encane evela emithonjeni yamanzi asezintabeni.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Umthelela wokulwa nomoya: Ama-polyphenol (30,35%) + i-selenium — isistimu ephindwe kabili yokulwa nomoya. I-Selenium iyi-cofactor ye-glutathione peroxidase — enye yezinsiza-buchopho ezibalulekile zokuvikela umzimba.

• Umthelela wokuqinisa amandla: I-caffeine + i-L-theanine — amandla amnene, aqhubekayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.

• Ukuxhasa amasotsha omzimba: Ama-amino acid (4,3%) + i-selenium. I-theanine ikhuthaza ukwanda kwamaseli we-T lymphocyte. I-Selenium isekela ukusebenza kwe-thymus nokukhiqizwa kwezilwanyane.

• Ukuxhasa indlala yesitho somqala: I-Selenium iyingxenye yezinsiza-buchopho ezi-guqula i-thyroxine (T₄) ibe yi-triiodothyronine (T₃). Ukudla itiye eline-Se njalo kungase kube usizo ezindaweni ezinokuntula i-selenium.

• Ukuxhasa ukuguqulwa kwe-lipid: Ama-catechin (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG) asiza ekubonakaleni kwamafutha nasekulweni ukujwayela kwezinga le-cholesterol.

• Imisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine ithuthukisa ukunaka namandla okusebenza kwenkumbulo, ikhuthaze amagagasi e-α ebuchosheni.

• Ukuvikela uqweqwe lwamazinyo: I-fluoride evela eqabungeni letiye inomthelela wokuvimbela ukubola kwamazinyo.

9. Ukuphisa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85°C ebangeni lokuqala nelesibili. Ebangeni eliphakeme ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ — 75°C (izinto eziphilayo ezithambile zidinga indlela enesineke).

• Ubuningi betiye: amagremu angu-3 kumlilitha angu-150 (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).

• Izitsha:

  • Ingilazi (玻璃杯): Ilungele ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ — ukubuka ukuvuleka ‘kwamahlamvu kaqalo’.
  • I-gaiwan (盖碗): Ezigabeni zokuqala neziningi — ukudonsa okufushane okulawulekayo.

• Inqubo (ingilazi, ibanga eliphakeme):

  1. Fudumeza ingilazi ngamanzi abilayo, uwachithe.
  2. Thela amanzi (75°C) engxenyeni engu-7/10 yomthamo.
  3. Faka itiye ngendlela ‘yaphezulu’ (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ — amanzi kuqala, bese kuba itiye).
  4. Ukwenza itiye okokuqala — imizuzwana engu-30.
  5. Okulandelayo — + imizuzwana engu-15.
  6. Singasebenza izikhathi ezingu-4–5.

• Inqubo (i-gaiwan, ibanga lokuqala):

  1. Fudumeza i-gaiwan nechahai.
  2. Faka amagremu angu-3–4 etiye. Ukuwasha — imizuzwana engu-5, uchithe.
  3. Ukudonsa okokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15–20.
  4. Okulandelayo — + imizuzwana engu-5.
  5. Singasebenza okungu-6–8 ukudonsa.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izimo: Ukupakishwa okuvaleke ncamashí, efrijini 0–5°C. Kungcono — ukupakishwa nge-vacuum noma nge-nitrogen.
• Itiye elisha: Ukulala ‘amasonto angu-1–2’ ngemuva kokukhiqizwa ukuze kuzinziswe ivumba.
• Izitha zetiye: Umswakama, ukukhanya, ukushisa, amaphunga angaphandle. Itiye eliqukethe i-Se lizwela kakhulu ekukhungatheni — kufanele ligcinwe livaleke ngokuphelele.
• Isikhathi sokugcina: Ekupakishweni okuvaliwe, ku-0–5°C — kufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-18.

11. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Engelona Ngokoqobo:

• Imihlahlandlela yentengo:

  • ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ (金佛玉翠, ibanga eliphakeme): 5000–10,000 Yuan/kg — ileveli ephakeme kakhulu, efaniswa naleyo ye-Lóngjǐng ephakeme.
  • Ibanga lokuqala (一级): 800–2000 Yuan/kg.
  • Iningi (二级): Lithengekayo, elisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.

• Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo engelona ngokoqobo:

  • Thenga ngophawu lwendawo yokukhiqiza ‘南川绿茶’ — uphawu olusemthethweni lokuvikela.
  • I-‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ yoqobo — amacephe aqondile, ahlangene, esimo ‘seqabunga likaqalo’, aluhlaza enoboya. Amacephe amakhulu noma axegayo — uphawu lokushintshwa.
  • Hlola ivumba: eliqinile le-kastani elinenothi ‘ethambile’. Ukungabikho kwevumba noma ‘ubukhali botshani’ — kuyasola.
  • Hlaziya okuphisiwe: uluhlaza ntambama, ukhanya, usobala. Ukuphisa okufiphele noma okumnyama — ukuchezuka.
  • Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo: ‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ ayinakuba engaphansi kakhulu kwe-5000 Yuan/kg.

12. Amaphuzu Anentshisekelo:

• Intaba ye-UNESCO. IJīnfóshān — ‘Intaba Yegolide KaBuddha’ — indawo eyigugu lomhlaba le-UNESCO (izindawo eziluhlaza, 2014). Izinhlobo eziphezu kwe-5000 zezitshalo, eziyi-181 ezitholakala kule ndawo kuphela, kufaka phakathi ‘Izinhlobo Ezinhlanu Eziyingqayizivele’ (五绝): izihlahla zetiye zasendle, uqalo oluyisikwele, umsayipresi wesiliva, umginkgo, umrhododendron oyisihlahla. Itiye iNánchuān Lǜchá — lingelinye lamathiyi ambalwa emhlabeni akhula entabeni ebhaliswe ku-UNESCO.

• ULù Yǔ kanye ‘nokugoqwa kabili’. 「巴山峡川有两人合抱」 — incazelo yezihlahla zetiye ezinkulukazi ku-‘Mthetho Wetiyie’, okucatshangwa ukuthi ibhekise eJīnfóshān, lapho nanamuhla kukhula khona izihlahla zetiye zasendle eziyizi-2000 Camellia nanchuanica, esikhulu kunazo zonke sineminyaka efinyelela ku-2700.

• ‘Kusukela eBìnhuà — elincono kakhulu’ (ngekhulu lesi-5). UMáo Wénxī encwadini ‘Incwadi Yesimanje Yetiye’ yeNkathi Yamadolobha Amahlanu (《茶谱》) wabhalela iNánchuān (=iBìnhuà) njengendawo enhle kunazo zonke ezindaweni ezintathu zetiye zaseFúzhōu — okunye kobufakazi obudala kakhulu obubhaliwe mayelana netiye lalesi sifunda.

• Igolide laseGeneva (ngo-1987). Itiye elibomvu laseNánchuān lazuzisa indondo yegolide yombukiso wamazwe aseGeneva wezokudla — okuphakeme kakhulu kokuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwaduma itiye elibomvu, kepha uphawu lwamuva ‘lwaphendukela’ etiyeni eliluhlaza.

• 4,3% ama-amino acid — ‘imfihlo yenkungu’. Okuqukethwe ngama-amino acid kuphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza — umphumela wezinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260, umswakama ongu-90%, kanye nemhlabathi ene-selenium. Ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe kuvimbela ukuguqulwa kwe-theanine ibe ngama-catechin, kulondoloze isakhiwo ‘se-umami’.

• Ukwenganyelwa kwe-AI + ‘izindlela eziyishumi zesandla’. Ukukhiqiza kwamanje kwe-‘Jīnfó Yùcuì’ kuhlanganisa amasu endabuko okusebenza ngezandla (十大手法, azuzwa kumandla baseLiányúngǎng) nobuhlakani bokumakha obulawula izinga lokushisa lokugazinga ngesikhathi sangempela — omunye wemigudu yetiye esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lobuciko eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina.

• ‘金佛山珍’ — ‘Iglugu LeNtaba Yegolide KaBuddha’. Igama eliyisithako le-Nánchuān Lǜchá, elikhombisa imvelaphi yalo entabeni ebaluleke emhlabeni wonke.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amathiyi aluhlaza:

• Méngdǐng Gān Lù (蒙顶甘露, Méngdǐng Gānlù): Itiye lasendulo eliluhlaza laseSichuan, elivela naso endaweni enezintaba (iMéngdǐng, 1456 m). Isimo — esigoqiwe, ivumba — le-kastani. INánchuān Lǜchá ihluke ngalokhu: okuphakeme kakhulu kwe-Se, isimo esiqondile ebangeni eliphakeme, izinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260 (siphikisana nezinsuku ezingu-300 zelanga eMéngdǐng).

• Chóngqìng Yǒngchuān Xiùyá (重庆永川秀芽, Yǒngchuān Xiùyá): Elinye itiye eliluhlaza laseChóngqìng elidume kakhulu. ‘Ihlumela elibucayi’ laseYǒngchuān — isimo sinaliti, isakhiwo esisha. INánchuān Lǜchá yona iyahlangana, inevumba le-kastani eliqine kakhudlwana kanye nenzuzo ye-Se.

• Ēnshī Yù Lù (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): Okuwukuphela kwetiye eliluhlaza elikhulu elenziwe ngomusi eChina (elivela kuhlelo lwaseHúběi). Nalo liyi-Se-itiye (i-Ēnshī ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu ze-Se emhlabeni). Umehluko — kucwaningo: i-Ēnshī Yù Lù iyagcina umusi (蒸青), kanti iNánchuān iyagazinga (炒青) futhi yomisiwe ngamalahle, inikeze isakhiwo esifudumele ‘se-kastani’ esikhundleni ‘sotshani obusha’.

• Fènggāng Fùxī Fùsè Chá (凤冈富锌富硒茶, Fènggāng Fùxīn Fùxī Chá): Itiye laseGuizhou eline-Se-Zn, imbangi eqondile emkhakheni ‘we-selenium’. Zombili ziyitiyi eliluhlaza lasezintabeni ezine-Se, kodwa iNánchuān Lǜchá inomlando ocebe kakhudlwana (uLù Yǔ, ‘Incwadi Yesimanje Yetiye’) nendawo yemvelo ye-UNESCO.

Ekuphetheni:

INánchuān Lǜchá — itiye elivela ‘eNtabeni Yegolide KaBuddha’, intaba ebhaliswe ku-UNESCO: izinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260, umhlabathi one-selenium, ama-amino acid angu-4,3%, ukoma ngamalahle kanye ‘nezindlela eziyishumi zesandla’ ezingaphezu kokulawulwa yi-AI. Kusukela ‘Encwadini Yesimanje Yetiye’ yeNkathi Yamadolobha Amahlanu yekhulu lesi-5 kuya egolidini laseGeneva lango-1987, kusukela etiyeni elibomvu laseRussia kuya etiyeni eliluhlaza ‘Uhlaza LweJade LweGegede likaBuddha’ elibiza 10,000 Yuan/kg — iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisi-1.5 yesiko letiye, elifinyelelwa igama lesimanje elithi ‘金佛山珍’ — ‘Iglugu LeNtaba Yegolide KaBuddha’.

Leli tiye — lelabo abafuna itiye eliluhlaza ‘elinozimba’: eliqinile, elisha, elinesakhiwo esicacile ‘se-umami’ kanye nenzuzo eyengeziwe ye-organic selenium. Futhi lelabo ababona kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inkomishi esandleni sabo — ingumphumela wezinsuku zenkungu ezingama-260 entabeni umhlaba wonke owamukela njengefanele ukuvikelwa.