Mòlì Lóngzhū · new.thetea.app

Mòlì Lóngzhū ingunye wabameleli abahle kakhulu futhi abanobuhle obuvezayo bamatiye e-Chinese e-jasmine. Amaparele aqinile ahlanganiswe ngesandla, enziwe ngetiye eliluhlaza lekhwalithi ephezulu, elifakwe iphunga lezimbali ezintsha ze-Jasminum sambac ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi be-yìnhuā (窨花), lapho enziwa, avuleka kancane njengembali evamile, egcwalisa inkomishi ngephunga elimnandi le-jasmine nokusha kwetiye eliluhlaza. Leli tiye liyi-qinisekiso yesiko lase-Fújiàn lokunikeza iphunga, elamukelwa ngo-2022 njengengxenye Yamagugu Angabonakali Yomhlaba ye-UNESCO. Liphinda litholakale ngegama lezentengiselwano elithi “Fújiàn Zhū” (福建珠, Fújiàn Zhū — “iparele lase-Fújiàn”).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliphungisiwe (再加工茶, zài jiāgōng chá; 花茶, huāchá). Isisekelo — itiye eliluhlaza (elingavuthwanga), hōngqīng (烘青, hōngqīng). Indlela yokuphunga — ukuphindaphinda i-yìnzhì (窨制, yìnzhì) ngezimbali ezintsha ze-jasmine. Leli tiye liyingxenye yesigaba esikhethekile samatiye e-jasmine akhethekile (特种茉莉花茶, tèzhǒng mòlì huāchá).
Isigaba: Amatiye aphungisiwe ekhwalithi ephezulu aseChina. I-Mòlì Lóngzhū isezingeni elifanayo namanye amatiye e-jasmine adumile, njenge-Mòlì Yín Zhēn (茉莉银针), i-Mòlì Dà Bái Háo (茉莉大白毫) ne-Mòlì Shòu Zhū (茉莉寿珠).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Fújiàn (福建, Fújiàn), idolobha i-Fúzhōu (福州, Fúzhōu) — indawo yokuqala yamatiye e-jasmine futhi okuyisizinda esaziwayo somkhakha we-yìnzhì e-China. Izindawo ezikhiqiza ngokuqondile: i-Jìn’ān qū (晋安区, Jìn’ān qū), i-Cāngshān qū (仓山区, Cāngshān qū), i-Mǎwěi qū (马尾区, Mǎwěi qū), izifunda i-Mǐnhóu xiàn (闽侯县, Mǐnhóu xiàn), i-Chánglè (长乐, Chánglè), i-Yǒngtài xiàn (永泰县, Yǒngtài xiàn), ne-Mǐnqīng xiàn (闽清县, Mǐnqīng xiàn). I-Mòlì Lóngzhū iphinde ikhiqizwe eSifundazweni Esizimele Sase-Guangxi Zhuang (广西, Guǎngxī) — okuyisifunda esikhulu kunawo wonke ekutshalweni kwe-jasmine e-China — kanye nasezifundazweni i-Sìchuān (四川, Sìchuān) ne-Yúnnán (云南, Yúnnán), lapho kusetshenziswa izinhlobo zamahlamvu amakhulu e-Yúnnán (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), okunikeza umhluzi ogcwele kakhulu.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 26°05′ N, 119°18′ E (ku-Fúzhōu).
Amanye amagama: Fújiàn Zhū (福建珠, Fújiàn Zhū), Mòlì Bái Lóngzhū (茉莉白龙珠, Mòlì Bái Lóngzhū — “Iparele Elimhlophe Le-dragon”, uhlobo olusuka emiflumbeni emhlophe), Mòlì Xiùqiú (茉莉绣球, Mòlì Xiùqiú — “Ibhola Le-Jasmine Eliphethwe”), Jasmine Dragon Pearls (ngesiNgisi).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwezamasiko:

Umlando: Isiko lokuphunga itiye nge-jasmine eFújiàn lingesinye sezindala kunawo wonke emhlabeni, elinomlando ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-800. I-jasmine (Jasminum sambac) yafika e-China isuka eNingizimu Asia ngoMkhumbi We-Silk Yasolwandle ngesikhathi Senkathi Ye-Western Han (西汉, Xī Hàn, 206 BCE – 9 CE) futhi yagxila e-Fúzhōu, lapho kwakheka khona indawo ekhangayo: “izihlahla zetiye — emagqumeni, i-jasmine — eduze kwemifula” (山丘栽茶树，沿河种茉莉). Imvelaphi yokuphunga itiye ngezimbali ilandelwa emuva esikhathini Se-Northern Song (北宋, Běi Sòng, 960–1127), lapho i-Fúzhōu yaba “inhloko-dolobha ye-jasmine” futhi yaqala ukukhiqiza amatiye okuqala e-jasmine. Imbongi ye-Southern Song i-Shī Yuè (施岳) encwadini ethi “Bù Yuè — Mòlì” (《步月·茉莉》) ichaze indlela yokuqala yokufakwa kwe-jasmine: “焙旋熏” (baking, bese iphungisiswa ngokushesha). Ngo-1240, i-Zhào Xīhú (赵希鹄) ephepheni elithi “Tiáoxiè Lèibiān” (《调燮类编》) ichaze kabanzi indlela yokwenza itiye le-jasmine. Ngesikhathi se-Ming (明朝, Míng cháo, 1368–1644), ubuchwepheshe be-yìnzhì bahleleka baba wuhlelo oluzinzile: u-Xú Bó (徐勃) kuyi-“Míngtán” (《茗谭》) ubhale ukuthi: “闽人多以茉莉之属，浸水瀹茶” — “abantu baseFújiàn baphuza itiye nge-jasmine nezinye izimbali ezifanayo kuyo yonke indawo.” Ngesikhathi se-Qing (清朝, Qīng cháo), ngaphansi kombusi u-Xiánfēng (咸丰, 1850–1861), itiye le-jasmine laseFújiàn lathola isikhundla setiye lentela (贡茶, gòng chá) futhi laqala ukukhiqizwa ngenani elikhulu lokuhweba. I-Emperatri u-Cíxǐ (慈禧, Cíxǐ) wayehlonipha kakhulu amatiye e-jasmine futhi wawethula njengezipho kumamele wezangaphandle; ngaphansi kwakhe, i-jasmine ngesinye isikhathi yayithathwa “njengembali yesizwe.” Ngo-1856–1886, i-Fúzhōu yaba ngomunye wezimakethe ezintathu ezinkulu zetiye e-China: ukuthunyelwa kwetiye ngaphandle kusuka echwebeni kwakuyi-35–44% yakho konke ukuthunyelwa kwetiye kwezwe. Ngo-1933, inani lokukhiqizwa kwetiye le-jasmine lafinyelela kumathani angu-7,500. Ukubunjwa kwetiye njengamaparele kuyindlela entsha eyasungulwa e-Fúzhōu kusukela esikhathini sakamuva, eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwesikole sobuciko betiye sase-Fúzhōu. ISuka e-Fúzhōu, ubuchwepheshe be-yìnzhì basakazekela eTaiwan (1882), eSìchuān (1884), eSūzhōu (1938) nasezifundeni ezinye. Kuze kube ukuqala kwenguquko yokuvuleleka (ngo-1978), i-100% yetiye le-jasmine elithunyelwa ngaphandle kwase-China lalikhiqizwa e-Fúzhōu.

Izimpawu zesimanje: ngo-2008, itiye le-jasmine laseFújiàn laba ngumkhiqizo wokuqala e-China ukuthola izinhlobo ezintathu zezinkomba zendawo ngasikhathi sinye. Ngo-2014, “Ubuchwepheshe Be-yìnzhì Betiye Le-Jasmine Lase-Fúzhōu” (花茶制作技艺·福州茉莉花茶窨制工艺) lwafakwa kurejista lesine lamagugu esizwe angabonakali e-People’s Republic of China. Ngo-2022, lwaba yingxenye yephrojekthi ethi “Ubuchwepheshe Bendabuko Bokwenza Itiye e-China Kanye Nemikhuba Ehambisana Nakho,” eyafakwa ohlwini Olumele Amagugu Angabonakali E-UNESCO — okuwukuphela kobuchwepheshe bokuphunga itiye ngezimbali obathola lesi sikhundla.
Igama: Uphawu ngalunye lwama-Chinese lunesisindo somqondo:
- “Mòlì” (茉莉, mòlì) — i-jasmine. Igama livela ku-Sanskrit mallikā futhi lafika e-China kanye nesitshalo ngokwaso eminyakeni engaba ngu-2,000 edlule.
- “Lóng” (龙, lóng) — i-dragon, uphawu lwamandla, inhlanhla, kanye nekhwalithi yomthethosisekelo emasikweni ama-China. I-dragon edlala ngeparele ingomunye wemifanekiso emaphakathi ezinganekwaneni zama-China.
- “Zhū” (珠, zhū) — iparele, uphawu lobumsulwa nokuphelela; lichaza ukwakheka okuyindilinga kwetiye elisontelwe. Igama eligcwele elithi “Iparele Le-dragon Le-Jasmine” ligcizelela kokubili isiphungisiso, ubukhosi, kanye nokwakheka kwetiye. Elinye igama elithi “Fújiàn Zhū” (福建珠) likhomba ngqo isifundazwe semvelaphi, kodwa lishiya izingxenye ezibalulekile zegama eligcwele.
Ukubaluleka kwezamasiko: Itiye le-jasmine liyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yansuku zonke yabantu base-Fúzhōu futhi liwuphawu lwedolobha. I-jasmine iyimbali kamasipala yase-Fúzhōu kusukela ngo-1985. Ngokwesiko lase-Fúzhōu, igama elithi “mòlì” (茉莉, i-jasmine) lizwakala lifana nelithi “mò lí” (莫离 — “unganhlukani”), okwenza amatiye e-jasmine abe wuphawu lokwethembeka nokukhumbula izwe. Umbhali u-Bīng Xīn (冰心, Bīng Xīn), owayengowase-Fúzhōu, ubhale ukuthi: “Ezindlini nasezitolo [zabafuduki baseFújiàn], ngokudla kwaseFújiàn netiye le-jasmine, ngizizwa ukuthi kumuntu waseFújiàn umhlaba wonke uyikhaya.” E-Fúzhōu endala kwakukhona umkhuba wobuciko: ngobusuku be-Qīxī (七夕, Qīxī — usuku lwama-China “lwabathandanayo”), amantombazane ephambi kwezikebhe ezihlotshiswe nge-jasmine ayesakaza izimbali emifuleni, ecela uthando olujabulisayo. Itiye le-jasmine ngokwesiko liyaphuzwa ngemva kokudla ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugaya futhi linikezwe izivakashi njengophawu lokungenisa izihambi. Ekupheleni kombuso we-Qing nasekuqaleni kwenkathi yeRiphabhulikhi, itiye le-jasmine laba yingxenye yohlelo lwamasiko lwaseBeijing ngenxa yezimpawu zetiye ezindala kakhulu — i-Zhāng Yī Yuán (张一元) ne-Wú Yù Tài (吴裕泰), ezisebenzisa impahla eluhlaza yaseFújiàn nobuchwepheshe bendabuko. Itiye le-jasmine lase-Fúzhōu ukuphela kwetiye le-jasmine elifakwe ku-“Rejista Lamatiye Adumile AseChina” (《中国名茶志》) njengetiye elidumile ngokomlando (历史名茶) esigabeni samatiye ezimbali.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Isisekelo setiye (茶坯, chápī): Ku-Mòlì Lóngzhū yekhwalithi ephezulu, kusetshenziswa i-hōngqīng lǜchá (烘青绿茶, hōngqīng lǜchá) — itiye eliluhlaza elomiswa ngomoya oshisayo. Le ndlela ilondoloza ukunambitheka kwemvelo kwetiye, ingalethi amathoni angaphandle avame kwi-chǎoqīng (炒青, chǎoqīng), futhi inikeza ukungena komoya okufanele kwehlamvu ukuze imunce iphunga le-jasmine. Izinhlobo zendabuko zaseFújiàn: i-Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá), i-Fúdǐng Dà Háo Chá (福鼎大毫茶, Fúdǐng Dà Háo Chá) — izinhlobo ezinkulu zemiflumbu ye-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ezinoboya obumhlophe obuningi, okuhlinzeka ngokumunca okuhle kakhulu kwezinhlanganisela eziphungayo — kanye ne-Róngchūn Zǎo (榕春早, Róngchūn Zǎo) ne-gǔshān càichá (鼓山菜茶, Gǔshān càichá) yendawo. Izinhlobo zase-Yúnnán zisekelwe ku-Camellia sinensis var. assamica enamaqabunga amakhulu, okunikeza umhluzi ogcwele kakhulu onobumnandi obugqamile bobule.
I-jasmine (茉莉花, mòlìhuā): Izimbali ezintsha ze-jasmine sambac (Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.) — isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esingapheli somndeni we-olive (Oleaceae). Ukuze kuphunga, kusetshenziswa kokubili izimbali eziphindwe kabili (双瓣, shuāngbàn) nezilula (单瓣, dānbàn), ezishintshaniswa ngesikhathi sokuphindaphinda. Ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu inikezwa izimbali eziqoqwa ngesikhathi “sezikhathi ezintathu ezishisayo” (三伏, sān fú) — phakathi nehlobo (Julayi–Agasti), lapho i-jasmine inephunga elikhulu kakhulu.
Ukuqoqwa kwetiye: Intwasahlobo (Mashi–Ephreli), isikhathi samahlumela entwasahlobo akuqala (明前, míngqián noma 雨前, yǔqián). Ngemva kokuqoqwa, amaqabunga adlula emjikelezweni ogcwele wokukhiqizwa kwetiye eliluhlaza futhi ahlanganiswe abe amaparele ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi se-jasmine.
Izinga lokuqoqa: Umhlumbi owodwa neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili aphezulu (一芽一叶 noma 一芽二叶). Ezintweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu — imiflumbu eyodwa (单芽, dān yá).
Ukuqoqwa kwe-jasmine: Ihlobo (Juni–Septemba). Imifumbu iqoqwa ntambama (ngemva kwehora le-14:00) lapho isigcwele kakhulu kodwa ingakavuleki ngokuphelele — isemngceleni wokuvuleka okuphelele, inezinqolobane ezinkulu zikawoyela anephunga kanye “namandla e-tǔ xiāng” (吐香, tǔ xiāng — “ukukhipha iphunga”). Ukuvuleka nokukhipha iphunga okukhulu kwenzeka kusihlwa nasebusuku, okunquma uhlelo lomsebenzi wasebusuku lwezingcweti eziphungayo.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Ziphakeme kakhulu. Imiflumbu yetiye — ephelele, efanayo, ngaphandle kokulimala komshini. Imifumbu ye-jasmine — emhlophe qwa, eqinile, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokubuna noma ukulimala.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:

I-Fúzhōu, isifundazwe sase-Fújiàn: Itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-China emfuleni ophansi we-Mǐn Jiāng (闽江, Mǐn Jiāng). Isimo sezulu sasolwandle esishisayo esingaphansi kwe-subtropical: ubusika obupholile, ihlobo elishisayo nelinomswakama, imvula eningi (1100–1700 mm ngonyaka), izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi ngu-19–20°C, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-326. Amasimu e-jasmine agxile ezindaweni eziwumbuluki ezigudle imifula i-Mǐn Jiāng ne-Wūlóng Jiāng (乌龙江, Wūlóng Jiāng) — enhlabathini evundile ekhukhulekayo (冲积平原砂壤土), ene-asidi encane noma engathathi hlangothi, evunduvundu, edonsa amanzi kahle, ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo. Isici esiyinhloko — umehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku ehlobo: usuku olushisayo luqinisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlanganisela eziphungayo emifumbu, kuthi umoya opholile wasolwandle ebusuku unciphise ukusakazeka kwawo, “uvala” iphunga. Ngokocwaningo lwePeking University (1988), i-jasmine yase-Fúzhōu iqukethe okungenani izinhlanganisela eziphungayo ezingama-43 emanzisweni okuqala, kubandakanya i-cis-jasmone (顺式茉莉酮, shùnshì mòlìtóng) ehlukile ne-cis-3-hexenol, ezingatholakali ku-jasmine evela kwezinye izifunda zase-China. Yile “sayinidi” ye-molecular enikeza itiye le-jasmine lase-Fúzhōu “ubumnandi bukashukela weqhwa” (冰糖甜, bīngtáng tián) obuyingqayizivele.
Amasimu etiye: Atholakala ezifundeni zezintaba zaseFújiàn endaweni ephakeme ngu-200–1000 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Umhlabathi — inhlabathi ebomvu ene-asidi nephuzi (i-pH 4.5–6.0), ecebile nge-iron nezinhlanganisela eziphilayo. Inkungu evamile nokukhanya okusakazekile okuningi kudala izimo ezikahle zokuqongelela kwama-amino acid.
I-Yúnnán: Amasimu endaweni ephakeme ngu-1200–1800 m, ezihlahleni ezinamahlamvu amakhulu. Ama-Mòlì Lóngzhū ase-Yúnnán ahluke ngomhluzi oqine kakhudlwana nobumnandi obunjengobuhe, ngenxa yezici zosizo assamica.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Mòlì Lóngzhū kuyinqubo enzima enezigaba ezimbili, ehlanganisa izikhathi ezimbili zonyaka: intwasahlobo (isisekelo setiye) nehlobo (ukuphunga). Isikhathi esigcwele sokukhiqizwa kwezinga eliphezulu sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingaphezu kuka-60 ngokusebenza kwemisebenzi engaphezu kuka-200 yobuchwepheshe. Umgomo oyinhloko wesikole sase-Fúzhōu — “ukubona itiye, kodwa ungeziboni izimbali” (见茶不见花, jiàn chá bù jiàn huā): etiye eliqedile akushiyi izingxenye zezimbali, lonke iphunga “lingena emthanjeni” weqabunga letiye (花香入骨, huā xiāng rù gǔ).

Isigaba I. Ukulungiselela isisekelo setiye (茶坯, chápī):

Ukuqoqa (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuqoqwa kwentwasahlobo ngesandla kwamahlumela amancane ngokwezinga elithi “umhlumbi + amaqabunga ayi-1–2”.
Ukuvutshela (摊凉, tānliáng): Izinto eziqoqiwe zendlalwa ngendwangu encane kumathileyi e-bamboo amahora angu-4–6 ukuze kukhishwe umswakama oweqile.
Ukuqiniswa kwemifino (杀青, shāqīng): Ukwelashwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (200–260°C) ku-wok noma emshinini oyidrum ukuze kungasebenzi ama-enzyme futhi kulondolozwe umbala oluhlaza weqabunga.
Ukubunjwa kwamaparele (揉捻成珠, róuniǎn chéng zhū): Isigaba esiyisihluthulelo futhi esinzima kakhulu, ngokwesiko senziwa ngesandla. Umsebenzi wesifazane (lo msebenzi ngokomlando wenziwa ngabesifazane) uthabatha imiflumbu embalwa futhi, ngokuyiphendula phakathi kwesandla esikhulu nesokukhomba, abumbela ibhola eliqinile. Inqubo idinga ulwazi lweminyaka eminingi nokubekezela okuhlukile: phakathi nosuku olugcwele lomsebenzi (amahora angu-8–9), isisebenzi esinamava sisebenza kuphela ngo-0.5–1.25 kg wezinto ezingavuthiwe. Iparele lekhwalithi kufanele liqine, lilingane, libe ne-“zinhlamvu” ezibonakalayo (amaphoyinti abonakalayo emiflumbu esongelwe) kanye “nomklamo omncane osontelwe” ebusweni. Ukwakheka “kweparele” akukona nje okuhle kodwa futhi kuyasebenza: isakhiwo esihlangene esinendawo yangaphakathi engena umoya simunca kahle kakhulu iphunga le-jasmine ngesikhathi se-yìnhuā.
Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān): Amaparele abunjiwe omiswa ngomoya oshisayo kuze kube nomswakama ozinzile. Isisekelo sigcinwa kuze kuqale isikhathi se-jasmine (Julayi–Agasti).

Isigaba II. Ukuphunga nge-jasmine (窨花, yìnhuā):

Ukuphunga — inhliziyo yayo yonke inqubo. Isikole sase-Fúzhōu silandela umgomo othi “phunga izikhathi eziyisikhombisa, uphakamise iphunga kanye” (七窨一提, qī xūn yī tí). Kumatiye asezingeni eliphezulu (六窨 nangaphezulu), “ukuphakamisa” kokugcina kungenzeka kungasetshenziswa (六窨以上不提花).

Ukulungiselela izimbali (伺花, sìhuā): Imifumbu eqoqwe emini iyahlungwa, kukhishwe eyonakalisiwe nengavulekile; ibekwe ezitsheni ezinomoya ezihlanganisiwe futhi ishaywe ngokuqhubekayo, kulawulwa izinga lokushisa nomswakama ukuze kuvuleke kahle.
Ukuhlanganisa itiye nezimbali (茶花拌和, cháhuā bànhé): Izimbali ezivulekile namaparele etiye abekwa ngokushintshana kwezendlalelo futhi axubeke kahle. Kulawulwa izici eziyisithupha ezibalulekile: inani lezimbali (配花量), izinga lokuvuleka, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukujiya kwesendlalelo, nesikhathi sokubamba. Inqubo “yokuphefumula nokudonsa” (一吐一吸, yī tǔ yī xī) iyaqala: izimbali zikhipha izinhlanganisela eziphungayo, kuthi isakhiwo esinemigodi samaparele etiye sizimunce. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwenzeka ukuhlangana kwemiphumela yemvelo: ama-polyphenol etiye ahlakazeka kancane (kuncipha ukubaba), amaprotheni awohloka abe ama-amino acid (kunezelwa ubumnandi).
Ukunika umoya (通花, tōnghuā): Ngemva kwamahora angu-5–6, ingxube iyanyakaziswa futhi inikezwe umoya ukuze kusakazeke ukushisa okweqile futhi kunikezwe umoya-mpilo, kusekelwe ukuphila kwezimbali. Lesi sigaba sivame ukwenziwa emahoreni angaphambi kokuntwela kokusa.
Ukuhlukanisa izimbali (起花, qǐhuā): Ngemva kwamahora angu-5–6 emva kokunika umoya, itiye nezimbali ziyahlukaniswa kusetshenziswa izisefo. Ukuhleleka kulandelwa ngokuqinile: “okokuqala — okunemijikelezo eminingi, bese — okunemincane; uma linenani elifanayo — okokuqala izinga eliphakeme” (多窨次先起，低窨次后起，同窨次先高级茶).
Ukomisa okuphakathi (复火, fùhuǒ): Isigaba esibaluleke kakhulu: kuyadingeka kukhishwe umswakama oweqile olethwe yizimbali, ngaphandle kokusakaza iphunga elimunyiwe. Izinga lokushisa lokomisa lilawulwa ngokucophelela okukhulu — kubhekwa njengesixhumanisi esinzima kakhulu sobuchwepheshe sayo yonke inqubo.
Ukuphindaphinda okuningi (多次窨制, duōcì yìnzhì): Umjikelezo othi “ukuhlanganisa → ukuphumula → ukuhlukanisa → ukomisa” uphindwa izikhathi ezi-5 kuya kwezi-9 (ezingaphezulu — izikhathi ezi-7–9), isikhathi ngasinye ngeqembu elisha lezimbali. Nomjikelezo ngamunye, iphunga lingena lijule esakhiweni seqabunga letiye. Isilinganiso sezimbali netiye kuso sonke isikhathi sokuphunga ezinhlotsheni eziphambili sifinyelela ku-2:1 nangaphezulu. Umjikelezo ngamunye owengeziwe unyusa izindleko cishe ngo-15%.
“Ukuphakamisa iphunga” kokugcina (提花, tíhuā): Umjikelezo wokugcina, omfushane, ngenani elincane lezimbali ezintsha ezikhethwe ngokukhethekile ukuze kunikezwe itiye “ubusha” “nokuphila” obungaphezulu (鲜灵度, xiānlíng dù).
Ukomisa kokugcina nokuhlunga (干燥 → 匀堆装箱, gānzào → yúnduī zhuāngxiāng): Ukomiswa kokugcina kuze kube ngumswakama ongu-6–7%, ukulungisa iqoqo, ukuhlunga ngosayizi, ubukhulu nokubukeka kwamaparele, ukupakishwa.

6. Izimpawu Zezitho Zomzimba Eziphathekayo:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amaparele aqinile asongelwe abe yindilinga enobubanzi obungu-8–12 mm, esinda lapho uthintwa — lapho ewa phezu kwendawo eqinile akhipha umsindo ohlukile. Umbala — kusuka kuluhlaza osasiliva kuya kuluhlaza omnyama, ingaphezulu limbozwe iziqhotho ezimhlophe (白毫, báiháo). Amaparele alinganayo ngosayizi, ngaphandle kwamaqabunga aphukile, uthuli, kanye nezingxenye zezimbali eziphuzi (ukuba khona kwezingxenye kuwuphawu lwekhwalithi ephansi noma ukungacutshungulwa ngokunganaki).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Eliqinile, elimnandi, elinethoni egqamile ye-jasmine “nokusha okuphilile” (鲜灵, xiānlíng) — igama labahloli base-Fúzhōu, elisho ukugqama, ukuhlanzeka nobunjalo bomoya we-jasmine. Ngaphansi kwesendlalelo se-jasmine, kuzwakala isisekelo setiye eliluhlaza. Iphunga alikho buthuntu, kodwa lihambisana, “njengosilika.”
Iphunga lomhluzi: Eligcwele, elijulile, elinezendlalelo eziningi ze-jasmine, elinamanothi emifino emisha, ukufudumala okuncane kobule, kanye nemibala emincane yezithelo. Izibonelo zase-Fúzhōu ezisezingeni eliphezulu zibonakala ngesici esikhethekile — “ubumnandi bukashukela weqhwa” (冰糖甜), ukunambitheka okupholile, okuyindilinga kwe-jasmine ngaphandle kokuba namafutha. Iphunga lihlala isikhathi eside, ligcinwa kuzikhukhula ezi-4–5.
Ukunambitheka: Kupholile, kuyindilinga, kunoshukela, ngokuzwakalayo okuthambile nobumnandi bemvelo. Ukuhlangana okuvumelanayo kobumnene betiye eliluhlaza nobumnandi bezimbali be-jasmine — “kunephunga elimnandi kodwa alikhathazi; kusha kodwa akubanga buthuntu” (香而不浮，爽而不浊, xiāng ér bù fú, shuǎng ér bù zhuó). Umzimba uphakathi, ukuthungwa kusilika. Ukunambitheka kwangemuva (回甘, huígān) kuhlala isikhathi eside, kube yizimbali nobule, nobumncane obusha obupholile. Akukho ukubaba. Ngasikhukhulo ngasinye, imikhawulo emisha yokunambitheka iyembulwa.
Umbala womhluzi: Uphuzi olukhanyayo ngombala osagolide, okhanyayo, ohlanzekile, onokukhazimula okugqamile. Ngomjikelezo ngamunye wokuphunga, umhluzi uthola ithoni ephuzi ejule kancane (umphumela wokuhlukaniswa kwama-polyphenol ngesikhathi se-yìnhuā).
Iqabunga elenziwe itiye (iqabunga eliphuziwe): Lapho lenziwa, amaparele avuleka kancane, ehlakulela abe yimiflumbu ephelele namahlamvu anemibala eluhlaza ethambile noma eluhlaza ophuzi, athambile, anwebekayo, alinganayo ngosayizi. Umbukiso weparele elivulekayo engilazini yegilasi ngomunye wemibukiso emihle kakhulu esikweni letiye.

7. Ukwakheka Kwekhemikhali:

I-Mòlì Lóngzhū ihlanganisa iphrofayili ye-biochemical yetiye eliluhlaza neqoqo eliyingqayizivele lezinhlanganisela eziphungayo ze-jasmine. Inqubo ye-yìnhuā iguqula kakhulu ukwakheka kwekhemikhali: ama-polyphenol ahlakazeka kancane (kunciphisa ukubaba), amaprotheni awohloka abe ama-amino acid akhululekile (kukhulisa ubumnandi kanye “nomzimba” wokunambitheka).

Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Ama-catechin — iqembu eliyinhloko le-antioxidant: i-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), i-epicatechin (EC), i-epigallocatechin (EGC), i-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG). Isilinganiso sawo wonke ama-polyphenol — 15–30% wesisindo esomile. Ngokusho kwe-Chinese Society of Nutrition, isilinganiso sama-polyphenol ematiye e-jasmine sisondela kuleyo yamatiye aluhlaza amsulwa (isilinganiso ~31%).
Ama-Amino Acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): I-L-theanine — i-amino acid ekhethekile yetiye, isilinganiso esingu-1–2% sesisindo esomile. Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezingafika kwengu-26 zama-amino acid zikhonjiwe. Isilinganiso siphakeme kancane kunakumatiye aluhlaza avamile, ngenxa yokwahlukaniswa kwamaprotheni ngesikhathi se-yìnhuā.
Ama-Alkaloid (生物碱, shēngwùjiǎn): I-caffeine — 2–4% sesisindo esomile (~30–50 mg ngenkomishi engu-150 ml). I-theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani amancane.
Amafutha Abalulekile E-Jasmine (茉莉花精油, mòlìhuā jīngyóu): Izinhlanganisela eziphungayo ezingaphezu kwe-110 ezikhonjiwe. Ngokocwaningo lwe-HS-SPME-GC-MS, izinto eziyisihluthulelo ezibonakalayo: i-linalool (芳樟醇, fāngzhāngchún) — i-terpenoid evelele enephunga lezimbali ne- lily-of-the-valley; i-benzyl acetate (乙酸苄酯) — ithoni yobule; i-methyl anthranilate (邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯) — ithoni emnandi yamagilebhisi ne-orenji; i-indole (吲哚) — ngamazinga aphansi inikeza iphunga ukujula; i-methyl benzoate (苯甲酸甲酯) — ithoni yezithelo; i-methyl salicylate (水杨酸甲酯) — inothi elisha le-minti; i-cis-jasmone (顺式茉莉酮) — uphawu oluyingqayizivele lwe-jasmine yase-Fúzhōu, olungatholakali ku-jasmine evela kwezinye izifunda; i-α-farnesene — inothi yezithelo; i-benzyl alcohol (苯甲醇) — inethonya “ekuphileni” (鲜灵度) kwephunga.
Amavitamini: C (i-ascorbic acid), E, β-carotene, iqembu B (B₁, B₂, B₆).
Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-fluoride, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-phosphorus, i-selenium.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Umsebenzi we-Antioxidant: Ama-catechin etiye eliluhlaza ahlangene nezinhlanganisela ezinophenolic ze-jasmine ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okunamandla kwamaseli ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative. Ucwaningo lwe-Chinese University yaseHong Kong luqinisekisile umsebenzi oqinile we-antioxidant wetiye le-jasmine kanye namandla alo okwehlisa izinqubo ze-oxidative egazini.
Umthelela Wokunciphisa Ukucindezeleka Nokuphumula: Amafutha anephunga e-jasmine — ikakhulukazi i-linalool — abonisa umphumela wokuthambisa, anciphisa izinga le-cortisol, athuthukise ikhwalithi yokulala kanye nesimo semizwa. Ukuhlangana ne-L-theanine kukhulisa lo mphumela.
Umthelela Omncane Wokuvuselela: I-caffeine ihlangene ne-L-theanine ihlinzeka ngokuvuseleleka okuzolile, okuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphakama okukhulu noma “ukuwohloka kwe-caffeine,” kuthuthukisa ukugxilwa kwengqondo nenkumbulo yesikhashana.
Ukusekela Ukugaya Ukudla: Ama-polyphenol namafutha anephunga e-jasmine akhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya nokunyakaza kwamathumbu, enze kube lula ukugaya ukudla okunamafutha. E-China, itiye le-jasmine ngokwesiko liyaphuzwa ngemva kokudla.
Ukusekela Inhliziyo Nemithambo: Ngokusho kukaProfesa u-Chén Zhèn-yú (Chinese University yaseHong Kong), indlela yokusebenza ihlobene nokuncipha kokumuncwa kwe-cholesterol namafutha ekudleni. Ama-catechin asiza ekwehliseni izinga le-LDL-cholesterol nasekugcineni ukunwebeka kwemithambo.
Ukuqinisa Amasosha Omzimba: Ama-polyphenol, ama-polysaccharide, nama-amino acid akhuthaza ukwanda kwama-T- ne-B-lymphocyte, akhulisa umsebenzi wama-interleukin i-IL-2 ne-IL-3.
Umsebenzi Wokulwa Namagciwane: Amafutha abalulekile e-jasmine anezakhiwo eziqinisekisiwe zokubulala amagciwane, ikakhulukazi kumagciwane emlonyeni.
Ukuthuthukisa Isimo Sesikhumba: I-antioxidant complex yama-polyphenol namavitamini isiza ekuvikeleni isikhumba ekugugeni okubangelwa yilanga nasekuthuthukiseni umbala wobuso.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85°C. Ukushisa ngokweqile kubhubhisa amafutha athambile e-jasmine futhi kubangele ukubaba kwesisekelo esiluhlaza.
Inani letiye: 3–5 g (amaparele angu-5–8) ngamanzi angu-150–200 ml. Ngendlela ye-gōngfū — 5–7 g nge-gàiwǎn engu-100–120 ml.
Izitsha: Isiphuzi segilasi noma ingilazi — kuvumela ukubuka ukuvuleka okumangalisayo kwamaparele (ingxenye yobuhle yokwenza itiye). I-gàiwǎn (盖碗, gàiwǎn) emhlophe ye-porcelain — idlulisa kahle iphunga nombala womhluzi, ilungele indlela ye-gōngfū. Iphothi ye-porcelain — yamavolumu amakhulu. I-Yixing clay ayinconywa — okokusebenza okungenayo kungakudla kuzomunca iphunga le-jasmine.
Inqubo:
1. Shisa izitsha ngamanzi abilayo, ulahle amanzi.
2. Beka amaparele kuphothi noma ku-gàiwǎn.
3. Thela amanzi angu-80–85°C bese uwasula ngokushesha — ukuwasha okusheshayo (润茶, rùnchá) ukuze “uvuse” iqabunga (imizuzwana engu-1–3).
4. Isikhukhulo sokuqala: thela amanzi, uyeke imizuzu engu-30–45 (i-gōngfū) noma imizuzu engu-2–3 (indlela yase-Europe). Amaparele azoqala ukuvuleka kancane.
5. Thela umhluzi ezinkomishini.
6. Ukuphinda ukwenza: izikhukhulo ezi-5–7 ngokwanda kancane kwesikhathi sokuvezwa ngemizuzwana engu-10–15. Amaparele avuleka ngokuphelele kusikhukhulo sesi-3–4, ebonisa ubuhle bezinto ezingavuthiwe zokuqala.
Ukwenza Okubandayo (冷泡, lěngpào): 3–5 g wamaparele emanzini abandayo angu-500 ml, uyekwe efrijini amahora angu-6–8. Umphumela — isiphuzo esimnandi ngobumnene, esiqabulayo, esilungele isikhathi sonyaka esishisayo.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ithe le-jasmine alizweli kakhulu ekukhaleni nge-oxidation kunamatiye aluhlaza amsulwa (inqubo ye-yìnhuā iqinisa iqabunga ngokwengxenye), kodwa “isitha” sayo esiyinhloko — ukulahlekelwa yiphunga le-jasmine. Kufanele ligcinwe endaweni eyomile, epholile, emnyama, esitsheni esivalekileyo esingakwazi ukubona (iphothi ye-porcelain noma ithini le-tin elinombhobho oqinile, isikhwama se-foil esine-zip-lock, ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum), kude namaphunga angaphandle — amaparele etiye agcina amandla aphezulu okumunca. Kuyancomeka — ukugcinwa efrijini ku-0–5°C ekupakishweni okuvaliwe; ngaphambi kokuvula, ukupakishwa okubandayo kufanele kufinyelele izinga lokushisa legumbi ukuze kugwemeke ukujiya kwamanzi. Kuyavunyelwa ukugcinwa ezingeni lokushisa legumbi (ngokuhlukile kumatiye aluhlaza amsulwa, ifriji ayiyona into ephoqelekile, nakuba iyancomeka ekugcinweni isikhathi eside). Isikhathi sokugcina — izinyanga eziyi-12–18 ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Ngemva kokuvula, kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe phakathi nezinyanga ezi-2–3. Izitha zetiye: umswakama, ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amaphunga angaphandle.

11. Intengo Namampunge:

I-Mòlì Lóngzhū — itiye le-jasmine elisezingeni eliphezulu. Intengo ixhomeke ngqo enanini lemijikelezo ye-yìnhuā, ikhwalithi yesisekelo setiye ne-jasmine, kanye nengxenye yomsebenzi wezandla. Amazinga entengo alinganiselwe (e-China): umkhiqizo omkhulu (imijikelezo emi-3–4) — kusuka ku-200 kuye ku-600 yuan ngama-500 g; owawona khwalithi (imijikelezo emi-5–7, imvelaphi yase-Fúzhōu) — kusuka ku-800 kuye ku-2000 yuan ngama-500 g; owenziwe ngobungcweti (imijikelezo engu-8–9, ukukhiqizwa komqambi) — ngaphezu kuka-3000 yuan ngama-500 g.

Ungawakugwema kanjani amampunge:

Ukubukeka: Amaparele kufanele ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile, alingane ngosayizi, ngaphandle kwamahlamvu aphukile, imvuthuluka, kanye nezingxenye zezimbali eziphuzi. Ukuba khona kwezingxenye e-Lóngzhū yekhwalithi ephezulu kuwuphawu lwempunge noma izinga eliphansi. Iziqhotho eziningi zesiliva — uphawu oluhle.
Iphunga: Iphunga le-jasmine lemvelo, “eliphilile” (鲜灵) ngaphandle kwemvamisa yokwenziwa, ecijile, noma enoshukela omnandi. Ukuphunga okwenziwayo kunika iphunga eliphansi, elinohlangothi olulodwa, elisheshe linyamalale. Iphunga le-yìnzhì langempela lihlala izikhukhulo ezi-3–5.
Umhluzi: Uhlanzekile, ukhanyayo, uphuzi osagolide. Umhluzi onodaka noma omnyama ukhombisa ikhwalithi ephansi yezinto ezingavuthiwe.
Ukuvuleka: Amaparele angempelana aqoqwe ngesandla avuleka kancane, elondoloza ukuphelela kwehlamvu. Awomshini — angathembeki futhi avuleke ngokushesha.
Ukuqina kwephunga: I-Lóngzhū esezingeni eliphakeme enemijikelezo emi-5+ igcina i-jasmine egqamile ngemva kokuphuzwa izikhathi ezi-3; eshibhile enemijikelezo emi-2–3 ilahlekelwa iphunga kweyesibili. Itiye le-jasmine lase-Fúzhōu livikelwe yinkomba yendawo ephindwe kathathu — kunconywa ukuthengwa kubakhiqizi abagunyaziwe.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Umjikelezo ogcwele wokukhiqizwa kwe-Mòlì Lóngzhū esezingeni eliphezulu uthatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-60 futhi uhlanganisa imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-200 yobuchwepheshe ngayinye — ngenye yezinqubo ezinkulu kakhulu kuyo yonke imboni yetiye. Itiye lasentwasahlobo lilungiselelwa ngoMashi–Ephreli, futhi ukuphunga kwenziwa ngoJulayi–Agasti, lapho i-jasmine iqhakaza.
Ukukhiqizwa kuka-500 g we-Mòlì Lóngzhū esezingeni eliphezulu (imijikelezo eyi-7) kusetshenziswa kuze kufike ku-1500–1750 g wezimbali ze-jasmine ezintsha — amashumi ezinkulungwane zemifumbu ngayinye. Isamba sezimbali ezisetshenziswe etiye ezinhlotsheni eziphambili sidlula isilinganiso esingu-2:1.
Ukubunjwa kwamaparele ngesandla — okungenye yemisebenzi engenziwa ngesandla kakhulu ekukhiqizeni itiye. Ngonyaka we-1990, inkokhelo yokusonga yayiyi-4–7 yuan ngama-500 g wamaparele asephelele; intengo yayixhomeke ebukhulu nasekucocekeni kwamabhola — amancane futhi alinganayo ayethathwa njengexabiso. Lo msebenzi usalokhu uyisisekelo semali kubantu abadala ezifundeni zasemakhaya zaseFújiàn.
Ngolimi lwesi-Fúzhōu, amagama athi “itiye” (茶) kanye “nomuthi” azwakala efana — “da,” okuveza umbono wasendulo wetiye njengendlela yokwelapha.
Umgomo othi “ubona itiye — awuziboni izimbali” (见茶不见花) uwuphawu lwekhwalithi lwesikole sase-Fúzhōu. Ukuba khona kwezingxenye zezimbali emkhiqizweni ophelile kuvame ukukhombisa ukuphunga okungaphezulu noma isinyathelo sokumaketha. Isikole sase-Sìchuān (i-Mòlì Piāo Xuě), ngokuphambene, sishiya ngamabomu izingxenye ukuze kube nomphumela wokubonwa — lokhu kungumqondo ohlukile wobuhle, hhayi uphawu lwekhwalithi.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye E-Jasmine:

I-Mòlì Yín Zhēn (茉莉银针, Mòlì Yínzhēn) — “Izihloko Ezisiliva Ze-Jasmine”: Isisekelo — iziqhotho ezinde eziqondile (ezifana ne-Bái Háo Yín Zhēn). Ukwakheka — okunjengezihloko, ngaphandle kokusongelwa kube amaparele. Iphunga — lithe xaxa kakhulu futhi “licacile,” ligxile ekuhlambulukeni kwezimbali. Ukunambitheka — kulula futhi kumnene kakhulu kunakwi-Lóng Zhū, ngethoni yobule nezimbali. Kungahlala kuze kufike emijikelezweni eyi-9–10 yokuphunga ngenxa yokumunca okuphezulu kwemiflumbu emikhulu. Isigaba sentengo — ngokuvamile, siphezulu.
I-Mòlì Bái Lóngzhū (茉莉白龙珠, Mòlì Bái Lóngzhū) — “Iparele Elimhlophe Le-Dragon Le-Jasmine”: Okukhethekile kwase-Fúzhōu — amaparele aqhamuka ezintweni ezinoboya obuningi ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kweziqhotho. Umbala okhanyayo, ubumnandi obukhulisiwe, ithoni “ye-creamy.” Elinye lamatiye e-jasmine abiza kakhulu.
I-Mòlì Huā Chá (茉莉花茶, Mòlì Huāchá) — itiye le-jasmine elijwayelekile elisakazekile: Itiye le-jasmine elikhulu elivela ku-hōngqīng ejwayelekile ngaphandle kokusongelwa kube amaparele. Ngokuvamile imijikelezo emi-3–4 ye-yìnhuā. Iphunga — elingenzeki ngaphakathi, alihlali isikhathi eside. Ukunambitheka — kulula, ngaphandle kwezendlalelo eziningi. Kushibhe kakhulu.
I-Mòlì Piāo Xuě / Bìtán Piāo Xuě (碧潭飘雪, Bìtán Piāo Xuě) — “Iqhwa Elintantayo”: Itiye le-jasmine laseSìchuān elivela e-Éméishān. Umehluko oyinhloko — etiye eliphelele, imifumbu ye-jasmine engavulekile ishiywe ngamabomu ukuze kube nomphumela wokubuka “weqhwa elintantayo.” Isisekelo setiye — i-chǎoqīng (炒青) yaseSìchuān — inikeza ukunambitheka okugcwele imifino nezimbali, okusha, okungajulile kangako kune-yìnzhì yaseFúzhōu.
I-Mòlì Nǚ’ér Huán (茉莉女儿环, Mòlì Nǚ’ér Huán) — “Izindandatho Zamantombazane Ze-Jasmine”: Itiye le-jasmine lobuciko, lapho amahlamvu abunjwa ngesandla abe yizindandatho ezinhle. Ukukhiqizwa okuyisicebi kakhulu. Ngokwephrofayili yokunambitheka, isondelene ne-Lóng Zhū, kodwa ihluke ngokwakheka nobuhle bokuvuleka.
I-Mòlì Fèngyǎn (茉莉凤眼, Mòlì Fèngyǎn) — “Iso Le-Phoenix”: Amaparele asongelwe abe yisimo eside, esifana ne-almond. Ukusongwa okungaqinile, avuleka ngokushesha lapho esenziwa. Ayandile kangako kune-Lóng Zhū.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Mòlì Lóngzhū — itiye le-jasmine eliphakanyiselwe erenkini yobuciko, lapho imihlaba emibili — itiye eliluhlaza ne-jasmine emhlophe — ihlangana ngobunye bobuchwepheshe obuhle kakhulu emlandweni wokwenza itiye. Epareleni ngalinye eliqinile kugxiliswe ubumnene bentwasahlobo yeqabunga letiye elivela enkungwini yezintaba zaseFújiàn, ukushisa kwehlobo kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zemifumbu ye-jasmine evela emasimini asemachwebeni ase-Mǐn Jiāng, kanye nobungcweti bezandla obulungiswe emakhulwini eminyaka ayisishiyagalombili esiko lase-Fúzhōu. Ukubuka iparele livuleka kancane engilazini ekhanyayo, ligcwalisa indawo ngephunga elimnandi, elihambisayo — kungenye yemikhuba emihle kakhulu yesiko letiye. Leli tiye lifanele ngokufanayo ekuphuzweni kwetiye kwakusihlwa okuhamba kancane nasekuphakeleni umthandi, ekwazisweni ngezwe letiye lase-China nasekunciphiseni isikhathi sokuthula phakathi kosuku olumatasa — futhi lihlala lishiya umbono wokuthinta into yokuqala, egcinwe isikhathi nesiko.