Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya saseMengding

Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya saseMengding (蒙顶山绿毛峰, Méngdǐngshān lǜ máo fēng) — “Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya seNtaba Mengding” — itiye eliluhlaza elincane nelomile elivela eNtabeni Mengding (蒙顶山, Méngdǐng Shān, 1456 m) edolobheni iYa’an (雅安市, Yǎ’ān Shì), esifundazweni iSichuan — “isisekelo esiyinganekwane sokutshalwa kwetiye emhlabeni”, lapho, ngokwesiko, indela yobuDao uWu Lizhen (吴理真, Wú Lǐzhēn) watshala izihlahla zetiye zokuqala eziyisikhombisa ngenkathi yeNtshonalanga Han (II c. BCE). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iNtaba Mengding ibizwa ngokuthi “西蜀漏天，蒙顶仙茶” — “IShu yaseNtshonalanga — izulu elivuzayo; Mengding — itiye lobunkulunkulu.” Itiye elivela eNtabeni Mengding laliyi-“gongcha” (贡茶, gòngchá, “itiye lentela”) iminyaka eyi-1169 — kusukela ngo-742 (Tang Xuanzong, inkathi yeTianbao) kuze kube sekupheleni kweQing — amakhosi amahlanu elandelana, okulinika isihloko esithi “五朝贡茗” (Wǔ Cháo Gòng Míng, “Itiye Lentela Lamakhosi Amahlanu”) — isiko elide kunawo wonke eliqhubekayo le-“gongcha” emlandweni waseChina. U-Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya saseMengding uhlukile kwamanye amatiye aseNtabeni Mengding ngomumo oqondile ofana nomucu (紧细匀直, jǐnxì yúnzhí) nobuchwepheshe beMing obuthi “三炒三揉” (sān chǎo sān róu, “ukugazinga kathathu — ukusonga kathathu”).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nomsuka:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga. Elomile elincane (细嫩烘青绿茶, xìnèn hōngqīng lǜchá). Umumo — umucu oqondile (紧细匀直, jǐnxì yúnzhí). Izinga lokuvutshelwa — 0%.
Isigaba: Omele amatiye aseNtabeni Mengding (蒙顶山茶, Méngdǐngshān Chá). “Itiye Lentela Lamakhosi Amahlanu” (五朝贡茗, 742 — ukuphela kweQing, iminyaka eyi-1169). I-Mengding Shan Cha ifakwe “kwabayishumi abaphezulu betiye laseChina” (全国十大名茶, 1959). Izinga lomkhakha elithi “Mengding Shan Cha — Ingxenye 2: Itiye Eliluhlaza” (《蒙顶山茶第2部分：绿茶》) lagunyazwa ngo-2020. Isizinda esiyinhloko sokukhiqiza — “Ingadi Yetiye Yombuso Yasendulo” (古皇茶园, Gǔ Huáng Cháyuán) eziqongweni ezinhlanu zeNtaba Mengding: iShangqing Feng (上清峰), iGanlu Feng (甘露峰), iLingyin Feng (灵隐峰) nezinye.
Umsuka: IChina, isifundazwe iSichuan (四川省, Sìchuān Shěng), idolobha iYa’an (雅安市, Yǎ’ān Shì), isifunda iMingshan (名山区, Míngshān Qū) futhi ngokwengxenye isifunda iYucheng (雨城区, Yǔchéng Qū). Lesi sifunda sisemgqeni wegolide we-“30°N” (北纬30°黄金产茶带, Běiwěi 30° Huángjīn Chǎnchá Dài) — umzila we-latitude ohlanganisa izifunda eziningi ezidumile zetiye emhlabeni.
Ukuhlelwa kwezindawo: Cishe 30°05′ N, 103°12′ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

INtshonalanga Han — uWu Lizhen. Indela yobuDao uWu Lizhen (吴理真) watshala izihlahla zetiye eziyisikhombisa esiqongweni seNtaba Mengding — okokuqala okubhaliwe kokutshalwa kwetiye emlandweni womhlaba. Lezi zihlahla eziyisikhombisa zaqanjwa ngokuthi “Shengyanghua” (圣扬花, Shèng Yánghuā, “Imbali Engcwele Evulekile”) kanye no-“Jixiangrui” (吉祥蕊, Jíxiáng Ruǐ, “I-Pestil Enhle”). U-Wu Lizhen uhlonishwa njengo-“Mkhulu Wokutshala Itiye” (茶祖, Cházǔ) no-“Nkulunkulu Wetiye” (茶神, Cháshén). Endaweni yokutshala kusenayo nanamuhla “Ingadi Yetiye Yombuso Yasendulo” (古皇茶园), ebiyelwe ngodonga lwematshe — imnyuziyamu ephilayo yomlando wametiye.
I-Tang — “gongcha” (742). Kusukela enkathini yeTianbao (天宝) yombusi uXuanzong (唐玄宗), itiye laseNtabeni Mengding laba yi-“gongcha” — itiye lentela lenkantolo yombuso. Kwaqala kanjalo isiko le-“gongcha” eliqhubekayo iminyaka eyi-1169 — elide kunawo wonke emlandweni waseChina, elahlanganisa amakhosi amahlanu: Tang (唐, 618–907) → Song (宋, 960–1279) → Yuan (元, 1271–1368) → Ming (明, 1368–1644) → Qing (清, 1644–1912).
I-Ming — “三炒三揉”. Ngenkathi yeMing, ngemuva kwesimemezelo sikaZhu Yuanzhang (明太祖) sokuthi “罢造龙团” (kuyekwe ukukhiqizwa kwamatiye acindezelwe), eNtabeni Mengding kwasungulwa ubuchwepheshe “bokugazinga kathathu — ukusonga kathathu” (三炒三揉, sān chǎo sān róu), obusasetshenziswa nanamuhla ekukhiqizeni u-Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya. Lobu buchwepheshe buqinisekisa ukunambitheka okujulile, “okugelezayo” (浓醇, nóngchún) okungenakutholakala ngokuqhutshwa kanye.
1959 — abayishumi baseChina. I-Mengding Shan Cha yafakwa ku-“全国十大名茶” — okunye “kwabayishumi abaphezulu betiye” okuyigunya, kwaqinisekisa isikhundla seNtaba Mengding njengenye yezindawo eziyinhloko zetiye ezweni.
U-Li Shizhen kanye netiye eliluhlaza “elifudumele”. Encwadini ethi “Bencao Gangmu” (《本草纲目》, Běncǎo Gāngmù, “Inhlanganisela Yamakhambi Ezokwelapha”, 1578), isazi esikhulu semithi u-Li Shizhen (李时珍) wabhala: “惟雅州蒙山出者温而主疾” — “Yilona kuphela [itiye] laseNtabeni Meng eYazhou elifudumele ngokwemvelo futhi lelapha izifo.” Lesi isici esiyingqayizivele: iningi lamatiye aluhlaza emithini yesintu yaseChina (TCM) ahlukaniswa njenge-“bandayo” (寒性, hánxìng) noma “epholile” (凉性, liángxìng), kanti elaseMengding — “elifudumele” (温性, wēnxìng), okwenza lifaneleke kubantu abanesimo “esibandayo”.
Igama letiye — ukuhlaziywa. 蒙顶山 (Méngdǐng Shān) — “Intaba Enesiqongo Esimboziwe [ngunonkala]”: 蒙 — “ukumboza, ukugubuzela” (ukubhekisa enonkaleni ongapheli); 顶 — “isiqongo”; 山 — “intaba”. 绿 (Lǜ) — “oluhlaza” — inkomba yohlobo lwetiye. 毛峰 (Máo Fēng) — “isiqongo esinoboya”: 毛 — “uboya, ubuntu” (uboya obumhlophe emibudweni); 峰 — “isiqongo, isihloko” (izicucu zetiye ezinezihloko ezicijile, ezifana neziqongo zezintaba). Incazelo yobunkondlo ephelele: “Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya esivela entabeni enesiqongo simbozwe unonkala”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko. INtaba Mengding ayisona nje indawo yokutshala, kodwa iwuphawu lokuqala kokutshalwa kwetiye. Isifunda iYa’an saziwa ngokuthi “Idolobha Lemvula” (雨城, Yǔchéng) — enye yezindawo ezinomswakama kakhulu eChina, okwadala isisho esithi “西蜀漏天” (“IShu yaseNtshonalanga — izulu elivuzayo”). Isiko letiye laseMengding lihlangene ngokungenakwahlukaniswa nobuDao: u-Wu Lizhen wayeyindela yobuDao, futhi itiye lale ntaba lalihlale libonwa njenge-“仙茶” (xiānchá, “itiye labangafi”). Umkhosi waminyaka yonke wetiye laseMengding uheha izinkulungwane eziyishumi zabahambi nabawazisayo.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nemikhiqizo Engavuthiwe:

Uhlobo lwesitshalo: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
Uhlobo lwembewu: I-Mengshan Quntizhong (蒙山群体种, Méngshān Qúntǐzhǒng) — uhlobo lwendawo lwamaqembu anamaqabunga amancane, olwalwakheke emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu eziphakeme nezinomswakama omkhulu zaseMengding. Lubonakala ngokumelana nesithwathwa okuphezulu, uboya obumhlophe obuningi emibudweni kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid — umphumela wokuzivumelanisa nononkala ongapheli nokukhanya okuhlakazekile. Imibudu ithambile, iminyene, ibukeka “inobudlabha”.
Ukuvunwa: Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi seChunfen (春分, Chūnfēn, “Ukulingana Kwentwasahlobo”, cishe ngoMashi 20–21). Izinga lokuvuna: umbudu owodwa + iqabunga elilodwa (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè). Ubude behlumela — ≤2.5 cm. Kwezinga eliphakeme kakhulu kudingeka imibudu eyi-40,000–50,000 nge-500 g yetiye eliqediwe (80,000–100,000 nge-1 kg), okufakazela ukuthamba okuyingqayizivele kanye nomsebenzi omkhulu.
Amazinga:
- Okuphakeme kakhulu (特级, tèjí): Umgudu ogcwele noma umbudu owodwa + iqabunga elilodwa esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka (一芽一叶初展). Izicucu zetiye ziqondile, zincane, ziluhlaza ngokuthamba noboya obumhlophe obuningi. Iphunga — lekhestanathi (栗香). Intengo — 500–800 yuan nge-500 g.
- Eyokuqala (一级, yī jí): Umgudu owodwa + iqabunga elilodwa (一芽一叶). Izicucu zetiye zihlelekile, zinoboya obuncane.
- Eyesibili (二级, èr jí): Umgudu owodwa + amaqabunga amabili (一芽二叶). Umumo ukhululeke kancane, iphunga lingacacile kahle, ukunambitheka kunothile.

4. Indawo Yezulu Nezici Zokutshala:

Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo esine-subtropical enomswakama. I-average yonyaka yokushisa — 15.5°C. Imvula yonyaka — ≥1500 mm — esinye sezifunda zetiye ezinomswakama kakhulu eChina. Inkomba eyirekhodi yononkala: izinsuku ezingaphezu kwama-280 unonkala ngonyaka (ngokweminye imibiko, kufinyelela kuma-300+), okuqinisekisa ukukhanya okuhlakazekile okucishe kube njalo kanye nokucindezelwa kwemisebe ye-UV. Umswakama ophathelene nomoya — 82%. Yilesi simo sezulu esidale isiqubulo esidumile esithi “漏天” (“izulu elivuzayo”).
Ukuphakama: 1000–1400 m. Isizinda siyiziqongo ezinhlanu zeNtaba Mengding kanye “neNgadi Yetiye Yombuso Yasendulo” (古皇茶园) esiqongweni ngokwaso. Umehluko wokuphakama kanye nononkala ongapheli kwakha ukuhlukana kwesimo sezulu okuqondile, okunikeza izinhlobonhlobo zamaphrofayili wokunambitheka ngisho nangaphakathi kwentaba eyodwa.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi emthubi-nsundu (黄棕壤土, huángzōng rǎngtǔ). pH 4.5–5.6 — ukusabela okune-asidi encane, okulungele isihlahla setiye. Inhlabathi icebile ngezinto eziphilayo kanye nama-micro-element — i-selenium (Se) ne-zinc (Zn), okubangelwa ukwakheka kwamatje eNtaba Mengding futhi okunomthelela kuphrofayili oyingqayizivele wamaminerali etiye.
“Ifomula ka-Li Shizhen.” Isimo “esifudumele” (温性) setiye laseMengding — isici esiyingqayizivele esichazwa yinqoqela yezinto zesimo sezulu: unonkala ongapheli wehlisa inqwabelana yezakhi ze-polyphenol (ezibangela isimo “esibandayo”), ukukhanya okuthambile okuhlakazekile kusiza ekwandiseni inqwabelana yama-amino acid noshukela, kanti umswakama omkhulu kwakha ibhalansi ekhethekile yama-metabolite esibili. Umphumela — itiye “elifudumeza ngaphakathi”, hhayi “elipholisa”, njengoba kwenzeka ematsheni amaningi aluhlaza.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe beMing obuthi “三炒三揉” (sān chǎo sān róu, “ukugazinga kathathu — ukusonga kathathu”) — uphawu oluvelele lwe-Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya saseMengding, oluhlukanisa namanye amatiye asesifundeni (Mengding Gan Lu, Mengding Huangya):

Ukunabela (摊青, tānqīng): Umkhiqizo osanda kuvunwa unwetshwa ungqimba oluncane ezihlungini zoqalo egumbini elinomoya omuhle. Kuqala ukuhleleka okuncane kwama-protein, kukhululwa ama-amino acid akhululekile, kwehla ukuqukethwe kwama-aldehyde anotshani.
Umjikelezo Woku-1: Ukugazinga (杀青, shāqīng) — ukumisa ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu okusheshayo okwenza ama-oxidase angasebenzi futhi kuqinise umbala oluhlaza. → Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn) — ukuphula ngomshini izindonga zamangqamuzana, kukhululwe ujusi wamangqamuzana.
Umjikelezo Wesi-2: Ukugazinga okuphindwayo → ukusonga okuphindwayo. Kujulisa iphrofayili yephunga, kuqinise umumo.
Umjikelezo Wesi-3: Ukugazinga kokugcina → ukusonga okokugcina. Kuqinisa ukunambitheka “okugelezayo” (浓醇, nóngchún), kwakheke isakhiwo somucu oqinile, omncane osusongwe wokugcina.
Ukubumba (做形, zuòxíng): Ukunika izicucu zetiye umumo oqondile, omncane, ofanayo (紧细匀直).
Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān): Ukomisa kokugcina ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi kuhhavini wokomisa kuze kube umswakama ≤6%. Kuqinisa iphunga futhi kuqinisekise ukuqina ngesikhathi sokugcina.

Ukuphindaphinda kathathu umjikelezo othi “ukugazinga — ukusonga” — umehluko oyinhloko wobuchwepheshe. Ngokuphambene nokuqhutshwa kanye, okuvamile ematsheni amaningi aluhlaza, imijikelezo emithathu inikeza: ukuminyana okuphelele komumo womucu; ukukhishwa okujulile “nokwandlalekayo” kokunambitheka lapho kuhlanganiswa; iphrofayili yokunambitheka ye-“nongchun” (浓醇, “okugelezayo”) enokujula okuphawulekile nokuminyana.

6. Izimpawu Zezinzwa:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imicu eminyene, emincane, eqondile (紧细匀直, jǐnxì yúnzhí). Umbala — oluhlaza ngokuthamba (嫩绿, nèn lǜ) noboya obumhlophe obubonakalayo ezihlokweni. Izicucu zetiye ziyafana ngosayizi nomumo, zicijile ngokuncane — “iziqongo zezintaba” (峰).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elithambile, elinoshukela, elinamanothi ekhestanathi nawotshani. Insipho encane “yommbila” (玉米香, yùmǐ xiāng) — inothi elikhethekile lendawo yezulu laseMengding.
Iphunga lokuhlanganiswa: “Ikhestanathi elithambile” (嫩栗香, nèn lìxiāng) — inothi elivelele. “Iqabunga eliluhlaza” (青叶香, qīngyè xiāng) — ukusha kwangemuva. “Ummbila” (玉米香) — inothi elikhethekile lendawo yezulu, elibonakala ematsheni aseMengding futhi elingatholakali ematsheni aluhlaza avela kwezinye izifunda. Iphunga liqinile, livuleka kancane kancane.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha futhi okuthambile (鲜醇, xiānchún). Okuminyene futhi okuthambile (浓醇, nóngchún) — isici esiyinhloko, esibangelwa ubuchwepheshe obuthi “三炒三揉”. Okunoshukela nokusha (甘爽, gānshuǎng) nobumnandi obuphindayo (回甘, huígān). Ukubaba kuncane ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-polyphenol (umphumela wezinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-280 zonenkala). Ukunambitheka okusele — okude, kunensipho encane “yokufudumeza”, engekho ematsheni amaningi aluhlaza.
Umbala wokuhlanganiswa: Ophuzi, okhanyayo futhi omsulwa (黄亮明净, huáng liàng míng jìng). Awuluhlaza, njengakumanye amatiye aluhlaza amaningi, kodwa uphuzi — umphumela wobuchwepheshe bokomisa (烘青) kanye nokugazinga kathathu.
Iqabunga letiye elihlanziwe (iqabunga elihlanganisiwe): Imthubi ngokuluhlaza, ifanayo, icwebezela (绿黄匀亮, lǜhuáng yún liàng). Amaqabunga avuleka ngokuphelele, elondoloze ubuqotho nokuthamba.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Ukuqukethwe okuphakathi nendawo — okuphansi kunamatiye avela ezindaweni eziphansi nezinenkala. Isizathu — izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-280 zonenkala zicindezela inqwabelana ye-catechin nge-photosynthesis. Izinga eliphansi lama-polyphenol linikeza itiye isimo “esifudumele” (温性) kanye nokubaba okuncane. Ingxenye eyinhloko — ama-catechin (EGCG, ECG, EGC), anomsebenzi wokulwa ne-oxidation.
Ama-Amino acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu — umphumela oqondile wokuba namafu okurekhodiwe (izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-280 zonenkala): ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kunciphisa ukonakala kwama-amino acid futhi kukhuthaze inqwabelana yawo. Ingxenye eyinhloko — i-L-theanine (茶氨酸, chá ānjīsuān), eyenza cishe u-50% wenani eliphelele lama-amino acid akhululekile. I-L-theanine ibangela ukunambitheka okuthambile kwe-umami, umphumela wokuphumula kanye nesimo “esifudumeza”. Isilinganiso se-polyphenol/amino acid (酚氨比, fēn’ān bǐ) — esinye seziphansi kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseChina, okwenza u-Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya ube yisibonelo “sokusha okungenakubaba”.
Ama-Minerali: I-Selenium (Se) ne-Zinc (Zn) — ukuqukethwe okuphezulu, okubangelwa ukwakheka kwamaminerali kwamatje eNtaba Mengding. I-Selenium — i-antioxidant enamandla, ehlanganyela ekusebenzeni kwe-glutathione peroxidase. I-Zinc — idingekile emsebenzini wamasosha omzimba nasekwakhiweni kwama-protein. I-Potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-iron, i-manganese — ngamanani avamile etiye eliluhlaza.
I-Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn): Ukuqukethwe okuphakathi nendawo (2–3% wesisindo esomile). Ngokuhambisana ne-L-theanine inikeza umphumela othambile wokuvuselela ngaphandle kokushukunyiswa okuphawulekayo.
Ama-Flavonoid (黄酮类, huángtóng lèi): Akhona ngenani elibalulekile, anomthelela emandleni okulwa ne-oxidation nasemthunzini ophuzi wokuhlanganiswa.
Amavithamini: Uvithamini C (inani elibalulekile, elilondolozwe ngenxa yokuvutshelwa okuncane), amavithamini eqembu B (B1, B2), uvithamini E.
Amafutha Abalulekile (芳香物质): Abangela iphunga eliyisici “lekhestanathi nommbila”. Izingxenye eziyinhloko — i-linalool, i-nerol, i-furfural (ebangela inothi lekhestanathi), i-hexanal ne-cis-3-hexenol (imithunzi yotshani).

8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:

Umsebenzi wokulwa ne-oxidation. Ama-Catechin nama-flavonoid anciphisa ama-radical akhululekile. I-Selenium iqinisa ukuvikela kwe-anti-oxidation nge-glutathione peroxidase.
Isimo “esifudumele” — silungele isimo “esibandayo”. Isici esiyingqayizivele esaphawulwa ngu-Li Shizhen: ngokungafani namatiye amaningi aluhlaza, u-Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya saseMengding awupholisi umzimba, kodwa “ufudumeza” ngokuthamba, okwenza ulungele abantu abanesisu esibucayi kanye nokuthambekela ezimweni “ezibandayo” ngokwamagama eTCM.
Umphumela wokuvuselela. I-Caffeine ngokuhambisana ne-L-theanine inikeza ukuphapha okuthambile, okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukugxila ngaphandle kokukhathazeka nokushaya kwenhliziyo.
Ukusekelwa kokugayeka kokudla. Ama-Polyphenol aphakathi nendawo akhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwejusi yesisu kanye nokunyakaza kwamathumbu, ngaphandle kokucasula ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi. Isimo “esifudumele” sisiza ngokwengeziwe ohlelweni lokugayeka kokudla.
Umphumela wokulwa namagciwane. Ama-Catechin acindezela ukukhula kwezinto eziphilayo eziyingozi emgudwini wokugayeka kokudla nasemlonyeni.
Ukusekelwa kwamasosha omzimba. I-Zinc novithamini C baqinisa ngokuhlanganyela umsebenzi wamasosha omzimba. I-Selenium ihlanganyela ekulawulweni kwempendulo yamasosha omzimba.
Ukusekelwa kwemisebenzi yokuqonda. I-L-theanine ikhuthaza amagagasi e-alpha ebuchosheni, ithuthukise ukukhumbula, ukufunda kanye nekhono lokugxila.
Ukusekelwa kwesistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ama-Polyphenol nama-flavonoid asiza ekwehliseni izinga le-LDL-cholesterol kanye nokwenza ngcono ukunwebeka kwemithambo.

9. Ukuhlanganisa:

Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 80–90°C. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu — 80°C (umkhiqizo othambile kakhulu udinga izinga lokushisa eliphansi). Amabanga okuqala nawesibili — kufinyelela ku-90°C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ngamanzi ayi-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).
Impahla: Ingilazi yengilazi (ukuze ujabulele izicucu zetiye ezivulekayo), i-porcelain gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) noma i-porcelain teapot. Ukuze kuvuleke ngokugcwele ukunambitheka “okugelezayo”, i-gaiwan iyancomeka — ivumela ukulawula ngokunembile isikhathi sokuhlanganisa.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza impahla ngamanzi ashisayo, uwachithe.
2. Thela u-3 g wetiye.
3. Thela amanzi nge-⅓ yevolumu, uvumele amaqabunga “aphaphame” imizuzwana engu-20–30.
4. Thela amanzi kuze kube yivolumu ephelele.
5. Ukuhlanganisa kokuqala — ukumiswa kwemizuzu engu-60–90 (ingilazi yengilazi) noma imizuzwana engu-10–15 (i-gaiwan, indlela ye-gongfu).
6. Ukuhlanganisa okulandelayo — +15 imizuzwana kokunye. Itiye limelana nokuhlanganiswa okungu-3–4, livule kancane ubumnandi nokujula kwekhestanathi.

10. Ukugcina:

“Ukuphumula” ngemuva kokukhiqiza. Itiye elisha kunconywa ukuba lilindiswe izinsuku eziyi-10–15 ezingeni lokushisa legumbi (退火, tuìhuǒ) ukuze kuzinzise iphunga.
Ukugcina okuyinhloko. Ukupakishwa okuvaleke ngokuphelele, efrijini ku-0–5°C. Ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni, emswakameni, emaphungeni angaphandle nase-oxygen.
Ukugcinwa isikhathi eside. Ukugcina izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezi-6 — ukufriza ku-−18°C ekupakisheni okuvalwe nge-vacuum. Lapho ukhipha efrijini — gcina ukupakishwa ezingeni lokushisa legumbi kuze kube kulingana izinga lokushisa ngaphambi kokuvula, ukuze ugweme ukufiphala komswakama ezicucwini zetiye.
Isikhathi sokugcina. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele — kufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-18. Ngemuva kokuvula — sebenzisa zingakapheli izinyanga ezi-1–2.

11. Intengo Nezinto Zomgunyathi:

Uhla lwamanani. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu (特级) — 500–800 yuan nge-500 g (cishe 70–110 USD). Izinga lokuqala — 200–500 yuan nge-500 g. Izinga lesibili — 100–200 yuan nge-500 g. Izinto ezithinta intengo: isikhathi sokuvuna (ukuvuna ngaphambi kokulingana kubiza kakhulu), ibanga lomkhiqizo ongavuthiwe, ukuphakama kwengadi yetiye, isithunzi sezolimo.
Ungawagwema kanjani amatiye angamgunyathi:
- Thenga uphawu oluthi “蒙顶山茶”. Itiye langempela liphawulwe ngophawu lokukhomba indawo. Bheka ukuthi ikhona yini indinganiso yomkhakha yango-2020.
- Ukuhlola ukubukeka. U-Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya waseqiniso ungamucu oqondile, omncane, oqondile (紧细匀直) anoboya obumhlophe, anombala oluhlaza ngokuthamba. Ama-mgunyathi avamise ukuba nomumo ongafani, umbala omnyama noma ukuthungwa okumahhadla.
- Ukuhlola iphunga. Iphunga eliyisici “lekhestanathi elithambile” (嫩栗香) elinethoni yommbila — uphawu lwetiye langempela. Ukungabi bikho kwenothi yommbila noma ukuba khona kwemithunzi ebukhali, “yehovini” kuyisizathu sokungabaza.
- Ukuhlola ukuhlanganiswa. Ukuhlanganiswa kufanele kube ophuzi, kukhanye futhi kumsulwa (黄亮明净), hhayi okufiphele noma okumbala ompunga ngokuluhlaza.
- Ukuhlola intengo. Intengo engaphansi kuka-300 yuan nge-500 g yezinga elithiwa “eliphakeme kakhulu” — isizathu sokusola.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Iminyaka eyi-1169 ye-“gongcha” — amakhosi amahlanu elandelana. Isiko le-“gongcha” elide kunawo wonke eliqhubekayo emlandweni waseChina: Tang → Song → Yuan → Ming → Qing. Ayikho enye indawo yetiye engalingana naleli rekhodi.
Izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-280 zonenkala ngonyaka. Inkomba eyirekhodi phakathi kwazo zonke izifunda zetiye eChina. “Izulu elivuzayo” (漏天) — isiqubulo sasendulo saseYa’an, esibonisa ukuna kwemvula okucishe kube njalo nononkala. Lokhu kweqisa kwesimo sezulu ngendlela exakile kwakha izimo ezikahle zesihlahla setiye.
Okuwukuphela kwetiye eliluhlaza “elifudumele”. U-Li Shizhen encwadini ethi “Bencao Gangmu” wahlukanisa itiye laseMengding njenge-“温性” — okuwukuphela kwetiye eliluhlaza ku-TCM elinikwe isimo “esifudumele”. Wonke amanye amatiye aluhlaza — “abandayo” noma “apholile”.
Izihlahla eziyisikhombisa zika-Wu Lizhen — okokuqala emhlabeni ukutshalwa kwetiye. “Ingadi Yetiye Yombuso Yasendulo” (古皇茶园) esiqongweni seNtaba Mengding — indawo lapho, ngokwesiko, kwaqala khona uhambo lwesintu lwetiye. Izivikelo zamatshe eziyisikhombisa ezizungeze izihlahla zasendulo zigcinwa nanamuhla njengemnyuziyamu ephilayo.
“Ukugazinga kathathu — ukusonga kathathu” (三炒三揉). Ubuchwepheshe beMing — umjikelezo kathathu wokugazinga nokusonga — buhlukile ematsheni aluhlaza. Iningi lamatiye aluhlaza lenza ukugazinga kanye; ukuqhutshwa kukabili akuvamile; okuphindwe kathathu kuyingqayizivele futhi kunikeza ukujula kokunambitheka okungenakutholakala ngokuqhutshwa kanye.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye AseNtabeni Mengding Kanye Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza “Mao Feng”:

IMengding Gan Lu (蒙顶甘露, Méngdǐng Gānlù). Itiye elidume kakhulu eNtabeni Mengding. Ukuhluka: “Gan Lu” — umumo osontekile osakhiwe ngesipayisi (卷曲), ubuchwepheshe obuthi “三炒三揉” + ukusonga okwengeziwe; u-Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya — umumo womucu oqondile (紧细匀直). Iphunga le “Gan Lu” — “linoshukela-ngamazolo” (ngokoqobo “甘露” = “amazolo amnandi”); elika-Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya — “lekhestanathi nommbila” ngokwengeziwe. I-“Gan Lu” ithathwa njengeyona nto ehamba phambili emgqeni futhi ibiza kakhulu.
IMengding Huangya (蒙顶黄芽, Méngdǐng Huángyá). Itiye eliphuzi elivela entabeni efanayo. Umehluko oyinhloko — isigaba se-“menhuang” (闷黄, “ukufakwa ophuzini”), esinika itiye ukuvutshelwa “okuphuzi” (~10–15%). Ukunambitheka kuthambe ngokwengeziwe futhi kunoshukela, kunamanothi oluju; iphunga alikashwa kangako, kodwa lijulile. U-Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya — luhlaza ngokuphelele, aluvutshelwanga.
IHuangshan Mao Feng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máo Fēng). Oyena “mfowabo” oyinhloko — oyi-“Mao Feng” odumile wase-Anhui. Ukuhluka: “Huangshan” — umbudu + iqabunga eline-“golden leaflet” (金鱼叶, jīnyú yè) eyisici; elaseMengding — ngaphandle “kwegolden leaflet”. Iphunga le “Huangshan” — le-orchid, liyimbali ngokwengeziwe; elaseMengding — lekhestanathi nommbila, “okusanhlamvu” ngokwengeziwe. Indawo yezulu: “Huangshan” — inhlabathi ene-asidi ye-granite; iMengding — emthubi-nsundu, ecebile nge-Se ne-Zn.
IMengding Shihua (蒙顶石花, Méngdǐng Shíhuā). Itiye lakudala kakhulu laseNtabeni Mengding, elinye lama-“gongcha” okuqala. Umumo — oyisicaba, “imbali yematje” (石花). Ubuchwepheshe buhlukile koku-“三炒三揉”: ukugazinga kanye nokubumba. Ukunambitheka kuncane futhi kuthambile, kodwa ngaphandle kokujula “okugelezayo” kwe-Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya.

Ekuphetheni:

U-Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya saseMengding — itiye elivela entabeni lapho kwaqala khona konke: izihlahla eziyisikhombisa zika-Wu Lizhen, iminyaka eyi-1169 ye-“gongcha”, izinsuku ezingama-280 zonenkala kanye nokuwukuphela kwetiye eliluhlaza “elifudumele” emithini yesintu yaseChina. Ubuchwepheshe beMing “bokugazinga kathathu — ukusonga kathathu” bunika ukunambitheka “okugelezayo”, okungenakutholakala ngokuqhutshwa kanye, kanti iphunga elisesehlukanisweni “lommbila nekhestanathi” alididaneki nanoma yini. Kulabo abaphuza hhayi nje itiye, kodwa umlando wokutshalwa kwetiye — umlando ocishe ube yiminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili ubudala — u-Isiqongo Esiluhlaza Esinoboya saseMengding ngeke ube yisiphuzo, kodwa uhambo oluya ezimpandeni zempucuko yetiye.