méiguī huā chá

Irayisi yetiye leyi iyibizo eliqoqiwe leziphuzo ezisekelwe kumagxolo nezimpethu zerozi: kusukela etiyeni langempela elinongiwe ngerozi kuya ekufakweni kwezitshalo okwenziwe ngezimbali ezomisiwe kuphela. Ngokwesiko lamaShayina, ngokuyinhloko lokhu ‘kuyimbali enephunga elimnandi’ (xiānghuā), esetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ikhasi letiye noma ukwenziwa ngokuzimela.

Okutholakala ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa

Kubalulekile ekuqaleni ukwehlukanisa imikhiqizo emibili eyehlukene, evame ukubizwa ngegama elifanayo ngesiRashiya (nangesiShayina).

Eyokuqala itiye elinongiwe ngerozi (玫瑰红茶 méiguī hóngchá, kuyaqabukela eliluhlaza): ikhasi letiye langempela, eligcwele iphunga lembali yerozi ngendlela yokugcinwa ndawonye nezimbali. Ngokohlelo lokukhiqiza, lisondele etiyeni le-jasmine futhi lingaphansi kwesigaba samatiye anongiwe (花茶 huāchá).

Eyesibili ukumunyungwa okwenziwe ngezimbali zerozi kuphela ngaphandle kwekhasi letiye. Empeleni, lokhu kuyisiphuzo sezitshalo (代用茶, “okungenela itiye”), hhayi itiye ngokwesayensi yezitshalo. Yilokhu okuvame ukushiwo lapho kuthengiswa ‘ama-bud zerozi’ ngokukhululekile.

Ukwahlukanisa kubalulekile: ukunambitheka, indlela yokuphisa kanye nezindinganiso kwabo kuhlukile.

Umsuka kanye Nendawo Yokukhiqiza

Izifunda eziyinhloko “zerozi” zaseShayina zakheka zizungeze izinhlobo zerozi ezidliwayo nezinamakha, hhayi ezokuhlobisa.

• IPingyin (平阴, Isifundazwe saseShandong) – inhloko-dolobha yomlando yerozi laseShayina. Irozi lendawo “lasePingyin” (平阴玫瑰 Píngyīn méiguī) lilinywa lapha, ngokomlando, amakhulu eminyaka futhi liqinisekisiwe njengomkhiqizo wophawu lwendawo. Isimo sezulu esomile sezwekazi nomhlabathi onoshokolo kunikeza igxolo eliminyene, elimnandi ngokugcwele.
• IKushui (苦水, Isifunda saseYongdeng, Isifundazwe saseGansu) – indawo yokuzalwa “yerazi laseKushui” (苦水玫瑰 Kǔshuǐ méiguī), okunalo futhi igama lesifunda elivikelwe. Izwe eliphakeme, ukuhlukana okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokomisa kuhlanganisa amafutha abalulekile, ngakho-ke irozi lase-Gansu liyaziswa ekwenzeni amakha nanjengempahla yokwenziwa kwamafutha.
• IYunnan – lapha “irozi elidliwayo” lohlobo lwe-Mòhóng (墨红玫瑰) livamile, limnyama-bomvu, linephunga elinamandla “lejamu”; livame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza amakhekhetha okudla kanye nokuxutshwa etiyeni.

Lezi zifunda zinquma ukuthi iyiphi ngempela imbali efika enkomishini, futhi zichaza umehluko wephunga phakathi kwerazi “elisha” laseShandong kanye nerazi “eliminyene”, elinamafutha laseGansu.

Izinhlobo ZamaRazi

Ngaphansi “kwerazi” eShayina kushiwo izitshalo eziningana ezihlukile ngokwesayensi yezitshalo, futhi ukudideka ngamagama kujwayelekile.

• 玫瑰 (méiguī) — Rosa rugosa, irozi elishwabene. Leli irozi eliyinhloko elinephunga elimnandi letiye: igxolo elincane, eliminyene, eligcwele amafutha abalulekile.
• 月季 (yuèjì) — Rosa chinensis, irozi laseShayina (“lanyanga zonke”): lithanda ukuhlobisa, linephunga elingasho lutho, alivamile ukutholakala ezimpahleni eziphakeme zetiye, nakuba emakethe ama-bud alo kwesinye isikhathi enziwa njenge-méiguī.
• 蔷薇 (qiángwēi) – igama eliqoqiwe lamarazi asendle ohlobo lwama-rosehip.

Ukuze kusetshenziselwe ukudla netiye, impahla ehlosiwe ngempela yi-Rosa rugosa nezinhlobo zayo zezolimo (iPingyin, iKushui), kanye nase-Yunnan i-Mòhóng.

Ubuchwepheshe

Itiye elinongiwe ngerozi

Umgomo uyafana nowetiye le-jasmine: isisekelo setiye (ngokuvamile itiye elibomvu/elimnyama, kuyaqabukela eliluhlaza) sibekwa ngezendlalelo kanye nezimbali ezintsha eziqhakaze kancane futhi sigcinwa, ukuze ikhasi limunce izinto eziphuma enukayo. Ngemuva kwalokho impahla “ikhululwa” ezimbalini ezisetshenzisiwe (kwesinye isikhathi kube nemijikelezo eminingana) bese yomiswa. Ingxenye yezimpethu ivame ukushiywa emkhiqizweni osuphelile – ngokwengxenye ngenxa yobuhle, ngokwengxenye njengophawu. Itiye elisuphelile kufanele linuke rozi, kodwa liphiswe njengetiye langempela - linomzimba, i-tannin kanye nokunambitheka okuhlala emlonyeni kwekhasi.

Ukucacisa: imithethonqubo eqondile yemijikelezo yokunonga itiye lerozi emithonjeni evulekile ayimisiwe kangako kunaleyo yetiye le-jasmine, ngakho-ke izinombolo eziqondile azinikezwanga lapha.

Amagxolo Erozi Omisiwe

Lapha akukho khasi letiye. Amagxolo asanda kukhiwa (ngokuvamile asikwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza ngokugcwele, ukuze kugcinwe ukuma namafutha) ayomiswa – ngokwesiko emthunzini noma ngomoya ofudumele opholile, kuyaqabukela ngezindlela zesimanje zokomisa ngokucophelela kanye nokomisa nge-vacuum/sublimation ukuze kugcinwe umbala. Ikhwalithi inqunywa ukuthi iphunga, umbala wezimpethu kanye nobuqotho begxolo kugcinwe kangakanani.

Amazinga Nokuhlukaniswa

Kuhlelweni lwamazinga aseShayina, itiye lerozi liwela ngokuya ngohlobo lwalo kuma-”shelufu” ahlukahlukene:

• itiye elinongiwe ngerozi lingaphansi kwamatiye anongiwe (花茶), okunohlaka olujwayelekile lwezinga le-GB/T lwamatiye ezimbali;
• ukufakwa okusuka kumagxolo amsulwa ngokusemthethweni kungeyakho 代用茶 (okungenela itiye) futhi kulawulwa njengomkhiqizo wokudla womsuka wezitshalo, hhayi “njenge tiye” ngomqondo omncane.

Amagama ezifunda 平阴玫瑰 ne 苦水玫瑰 avikelwe njengemikhiqizo yophawu lwendawo. Izinombolo eziqondile ezisebenzayo nezibuyekeziwe zazinga kufanele zihlolwe ngokuhambisana nohlaka olusebenzayo lwenqubo - lapha azinikezwanga ngamabomu, ukuze kungafakwa imininingwane engaqinisekisiwe.

Ukunambitheka Nokuphisa

Itiye elinongiwe ngerozi linikeza ukumunyungwa kombala wesisekelo setiye (ukusuka kunsundu yethusi kubomvu etiyeni elibomvu) okunephunga elicacile lerozi ethoni ephezulu kanye ne-tannin, “itiye” phakathi nendawo nesiphetho. Linohlelo oluqinile futhi limelana nokuphisa okuningana.

Ukufakwa okusuka emagxolweni – kukhanyayo, kusagolide-nsundu, kuthambile, kunephunga elimnandi lezimbali, “lejamu” kancane futhi akunabukrakra be-tannin; ukunambitheka kwalo kuncane futhi “kuphefumula” ngokushesha.

Iziqondiso zokuphisa:

• Amagxolo erozi: amagxolo angu-3 – 5 ku-200 – 250 ml; amanzi acishe abe ngu-85 – 90 °C (amanzi abilayo “ashaya” iphunga elintekenteke); vumela kukhe imizuzu engu-2 – 4, ungakwenza ukuphisa oku-2 – 3.
• Itiye elinongiwe: yenzani ngokwesisekelo setiye – ngetiye elibomvu amanzi ashisayo (90 – 95 °C), ukuphisa okufushane imizuzwana engu-20 – 40 ngokwandayo.

Irozi ivame ukuhlanganiswa: netiye elibomvu - ukuze kube nomzimba nephrofayili efudumezayo; ne-pu’er - ukuze kuthambe ubunjalo bomhlaba; namajikijolo nezithelo ezomisiwe - ezixubeni. Lolu udaba lokunambitha, hhayi lwezakhiwo.

Umlando Namasiko

Irozi eShayina liyaziswa isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane - njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa, umthombo wephunga elimnandi nesithako sokudla. Izimpethu zazisetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa (ikhekhe eliyindilinga lenyanga “elinerazi” namakhekhe amancane), kuma-paste kashukela (玫瑰酱), kuma-tinctures nasekunongeni. I-Pingyin e-Shandong ne-Kushui e-Gansu zakheka njengezikhungo zokulima amarazi empambanweni yokupheka, ukwenza amakha kanye nemithi.

Umkhuba wokuphuza irozi “njengetiye lezimbali” ozimele waqina ikakhulukazi ezikhathini zamuva futhi waba yingxenye yesiko lansuku zonke leziphuzo ezithambile, ezinamakha. Ngokwesiko labantu, irozi liyahlotshaniswa nomphumela “wokufudumeza” nokwenza “isimo sengqondo sibe bushelelezi”, nokho-ke lokhu kuyinkambu yemibono yamasiko, hhayi izakhiwo zokwelapha ezifakazelwe, futhi lapha azigomelwa.

Ungawuhlonza Kanjani Umkhiqizo Omuhle

• Uhlobo olukulebula. Qondisisa ukuthi uthengaphi: itiye elinongiwe (elinekhasi letiye) noma amagxolo amsulwa. Lezi iziphuzo ezihlukile.
• Ubuqotho begxolo. Amarazi omisiwe ekhwalithi aphezulu amagxolo aminyene, angagqokeleli osayizi olinganayo; inqwaba yothuli nezimpethu eziwile kukhombisa izinga eliphansi noma impahla endala.
• Umbala. Umbala wemvelo obomvu ofiphele, o-burgundy noma onsundu-nsomi. Umbala ongeyena owemvelo ogqamile, “wekhemikhali”, ofaka umbala ogcwele wamanzi abe nsundu ocacile, uyisizathu sokuqaphela ngokufakwa kombala.
• Iphunga. Elihlanzekile, lezimbali elisha, ngaphandle kokubola, isikhunta, okumuncu noma iphunga elibukhali “leparfume” (elokwenziwa).
• Uhlobo vs irozi lokuhlobisa. Amaqoqo ashibhile avame ukwenziwa nge-yuèjì (月季) yokuhlobisa esikhundleni se-méiguī (玫瑰) enephunga elimnandi: amagxolo anjalo makhulu, iphunga lawo libuthakathaka.
• Umsuka. Ukubalulwa kwe-Pingyin noma i-Kushui kuyinkomba yokubheka ezindaweni ezaziwayo, kodwa hlola ubuqiniso bokumakwa.
• Ukomile nokugcinwa. Amagxolo kufanele ome ngokuphelele, aphuke kalula; kufanele agcinwe esitsheni esiminyene ngaphandle kokukhanya nomswakama, uma kungenjalo iphunga liyahamba ezinyangeni.

Ekugcineni, “itiye lerozi” kuwumndeni wonke weziphuzo. Ukuqonda ukuthi ngabe isisekelo yikhasi letiye langempela noma imbali kuphela, ukuthi irozi lithathwe kusiphi isifunda nohlobo nokuthi lomiswe kanjani, kuyisihluthulelo sokukhetha umkhiqizo wekhwalithi.