Mǎtú lǜchá · new.thetea.app

Mǎtú lǜchá (马图绿茶, Mǎtú lǜchá) — “Itiye eliluhlaza [lasemzaneni] waseMatu” — itiye eliluhlaza elosiwe, elivela ephansi kwezintaba zomzana waseMatu (马图村, Mǎtú Cūn), esigodini saseLonggang (龙岗镇, Lónggǎng Zhèn), esifundeni saseFengshun (丰顺县, Fēngshùn Xiàn), edolobheni laseMeizhou (梅州市, Méizhōu Shì), esifundazweni saseGuangdong. Leli tiye linomlando wobunqotho: ngoJanuwari 1929, uMarshal Zhu De (朱德, Zhū Dé), owayehola i-4th Corps ye-Red Army, wafika namabutho akhe eMatu futhi wanikeza abalimi ama-jin angama-20 (10 kg) embewu ye-oolong enamacembe amancane (小叶乌龙, xiǎoyè wūlóng), eyayisuka entshonalanga yeFujian futhi ekuqaleni yayihloselwe eJinggangshan. Kusukela lapho, iMǎtú lǜchá yaziwa ngokuthi “Hóngjūn Chá” (红军茶, Hóngjūn Chá, “Itiye le-Red Army”). Emzaneni kusekhona izihlahla zetiye zasendulo ezingaphezu kuka-100 000 ezineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala — okungenye yezindawo ezinkulu zezihlahla zetiye zasendulo eGuangdong. Ubuchwepheshe “bokosa kabili — bokusonteka kabili” (二炒二揉, èr chǎo èr róu) — ifa elingaphatheki laseMeizhou. Ama-polyphenols — 33.83%.

1. Ukwahlukanisa Nomsuka:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga. Eliosiwe (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá). Isimo — “esifana nensibi” (眉形, méi xíng): amaqabunga aqinile, agobile kancane, anombala oluhlaza ngokumpunga futhi anoboya obuncane.
Isigaba: Umkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sendawo yezwe laseChina (国家地理标志保护产品, 2014). Ifa elingaphatheki laseMeizhou (梅州市非物质文化遗产) — ubuchwepheshe “二炒二揉”. Omunye “wamatiye asishiyagalombili adumile aseMeizhou” (嘉应八大名茶, kusukela ngo-1984). “Itiye le-Red Army” (红军茶). Ophumelele emiqhudelaneni yamatiye adumile yaseGuangdong: indondo yegolide yomqhudelwano wesi-6 (2005), isiliva yowesi-7 (2007), umklomelo wekhwalithi wowesi-5 (2002). Ngo-2023 — ama-mu ayi-12 000 (~800 ha), izihlahla ezingaphezu kuka-100 000 ezineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala, inani lonyaka lomkhiqizo — ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-200.
Umsuka: I-China, isifundazwe saseGuangdong (广东省), idolobha laseMeizhou (梅州市), isifunda saseFengshun (丰顺县, Fēngshùn Xiàn), isigodi saseLonggang (龙岗镇, Lónggǎng Zhèn), umzana waseMatu (马图村). Ukukhiqizwa kusakazekela emizaneni engomakhelwane i-Pingfeng (坪丰), i-Jiangkeng (江坑) ne-Songjiang (松江).
Izixhumanisi zobubanzi nobude bendawo: Cishe 24°05′ N, 116°10′ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando:

Inkathi kaMing, uDaoguang (道光十一年, 1831). Imibhalo yokuqala ebhaliwe yokufuywa kwetiye emzaneni: abalimi bomzana waseXia Zhang Datanghu (下嶂大塘湖) batshala ingadi yetiye eyi-3 mu (~0.2 ha) ngohlobo lwamacembe amancane. Eminye imithombo ibeka ukuqala kokutshalwa kwetiye ngekhulunyaka le-16, okubonisa umlando ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-500. Ezinye zalezo zihlahla zisaphila nanamuhla.

1929 — uZhu De ne-“Red Army Tea”. NgoJanuwari 1929, uMarshal Zhu De (朱德, 1886–1976) wafika ne-4th Corps ye-Red Army eMatu — umzana osezintabeni osemngceleni weFengshun, Wuhua neJiexi. Lapha kwabanjelwa “izinkomfa zaseMatu” ezimbili (马图会议), ezashiya umkhondo emlandweni we-Red Army (kanye noZhu De, emzaneni babehambele uZhu Yunqing (朱云卿), uLuo Ronghuan (罗荣桓), noNie Rongzhen (聂荣臻)). UZhu De, ebona ubumpofu babantu basemzaneni osezintabeni, wabanikeza isaka (ama-jin angama-20, ~10 kg) lembewu ye-oolong enamacembe amancane (小叶乌龙茶种), eyayisuka entshonalanga yeFujian futhi ekuqaleni yayihloselwe eJinggangshan. Emhlanganweni omkhulu, wagqugquzela abalimi: “Tshalani itiye — niqinise umzana” (种茶兴农). Itiye elakhula kulezi mbewu labizwa ngokuthi “Hóngjūn Chá” (红军茶, “Itiye le-Red Army”) noma “uhlobo lwe-Red Army” (红茶种, hóngchá zhǒng) — okungenye yezindlela ezimbalwa e-China zokuqamba itiye, ezihlobene ngqo nomlando we-Red Army. Ingoma ethi “Phakamisani inkomishi yetiye laseMatu” (《敬你一杯马图茶》) yasakazwa kaninginingi yi-Central People’s Radio.

1954 — “Inani eliphezulu.” I-Guangdong Tea Association yanikeza iMǎtú lǜchá isikhundla “setiye eliluhlaza elinenani eliphezulu eGuangdong” (广东省绿茶类最高价格) — ukuqashelwa kwekhwalithi enhle kakhulu.

Iminyaka yawo-1980 — ukwehla nokuvuselelwa. Umthamo wehla: ngemva kwezinguquko, ikhaya ngalinye lalisebenza ngetiye ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokuhleleka. Ukuvuselelwa kwenzeka ngemodeli ethi “inkampani + isisekelo + ikhaya lomlimi” (公司+基地+农户): izinkampani “Mashan Chaye” (马山茶业) ne-“Matu Chaye” (马图茶业) zahlanganisa izinsiza, zalinganisa ukucutshungulwa futhi zakhipha umkhiqizo emakethe yangaphandle.

2002–2023. Ukunqoba emiqhudelanweni yamatiye adumile yaseGuangdong (2002, 2005, 2007). Ngo-2014 — isiqinisekiso sendawo nokufakwa kobuchwepheshe “二炒二揉” ohlwini lwamafa angaphatheki aseMeizhou. Ngo-2023: ama-mu ayi-12 000, inani lonyaka — ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-200. Itiye lithunyelwa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, lapho linemfuneko eqhubekayo phakathi kwe-Hakka diaspora.

Igama:
- “Matu” (马图, Mǎtú) — “Isithombe samahhashi” (noma “Imephu yamahhashi”). Umzana ekuqaleni wawubizwa nge-“Matou” (马头, “Ikhanda lehhashi”): izintaba eziwuzungezile zifana nesimo sehhashi elinekhanda elijikijeliwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama laguqulwa laba yi-“Matu” — “isithombe samahhashi agijimayo”, okubonisa amandla obuhle bezintaba.
- “Lǜchá” (绿茶, Lǜchá) — “Itiye eliluhlaza” — okuyinkomba eqondile yesigaba.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IMatu ingumzana wamaHakka (客家, Kèjiā), futhi itiye lihlobene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nomuntu wesiHakka. AmaHakka angabantu abancane bamaHan, ayaziwa ngokukhutheleka, ubumbano lwezizwe nokugcinwa kwamasiko; iMeizhou — “inhloko-dolobha yamaHakka” (客都, Kèdū). IMǎtú lǜchá ingenye yezimpawu zetiye zalesi simo. “Itiye le-Red Army” — alisilo nje uphawu lwamafa enguquko, kodwa futhi nolobuhlakani babalimi: imbewu eyanikezwa uMarshal yamukelwa, yalondolozwa futhi yadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Umzana futhi uyi-“ndawo endala yamaSoviet” (老苏区, lǎo sūqū) — indawo lapho ngeminyaka yawo-1920 no-1930 kwamiswa khona uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Namuhla eMatu kwakhiwa “Isikhumbuzo Sokuhlanganisa Isifunda SaseCentral Soviet” — imnyuziyamu, isikwele sikamarshal, izikhumbuzo zenguquko, ezihlanganiswe nokuvakasha kwetiye.

3. Incazelo Yezezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Eyinhloko — I-oolong enamacembe amancane (小叶乌龙群体种, xiǎoyè wūlóng qúntǐ zhǒng), Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, uhlobo lwenani labantu, isihlahla, amacembe aphakathi. Inzalo yembewu eyanikezwa uZhu De ngo-1929, kanye nokutshalwa kwangaphambi kwalokho (16th–19th century). Isisindo samahlumela ayi-100 (iqabunga elilodwa lenhlama + amaqabunga amathathu) — ~70 g. Ama-polyphenols — 33.83% — okungenye yezimpawu eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseGuangdong. Okwengeziwe — ama-cultivar angenisiwe: Jinmudan (金牡丹, Jīnmǔdān, “I-peony esagolide”) kanye ne-Meijian (梅尖, Méijiān, “Isihloko se-plum”) — ezenzelwa imigqa emisha.
Ukukha: Kwentwasahlobo — kusukela kwi-Spring Equinox (春分, Chūnfēn) kuya ku-Qingming (清明, Qīngmíng). Izinga — iqabunga elilodwa lenhlama + iqabunga elilodwa esigabeni sokuqala sokuqhakaza (一芽一叶初展). Itiye lasekwindla likhiqizwa ngomthamo olinganiselwe.
Izihlahla ezineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala: Izihlahla zetiye zasendulo ezingaphezu kuka-100 000 ezineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala (kuzo ~2800 mu — indawo evamile yamacembe amancane) — isiqhebe semfuza kanye nomthombo wezinto ezingavuthiwe zebanga eliphezulu. Okungenye yezindawo ezinkulu zezihlahla zetiye zasendulo eGuangdong.
Amabanga (ngobude bokukhula):
- Esezintabeni eziphakeme, “amafu” (高山云雾茶, gāoshān yúnwù chá, 900+ m): Iphunga le-chestnut, elihlala njalo, eline-“mculo wezintaba”. Kusukela ku-120 yuan / 500 g (kuya ku-3000 yuan / jin ngezigaba ezikhethekile zezihlahla ezineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala).
- Esezintabeni eziphakathi (中山茶, zhōngshān chá, 700–900 m): Okuqinile, okunephunga elincane. 80–120 yuan / 500 g.
- Esezintabeni eziphansi (低山茶, dīshān chá, <700 m): Elimakethe enkulu, lansuku zonke. 40–80 yuan / 500 g.
Imigqa: Yendabuko (amamacembe abumbeneyo, iphunga le-chestnut nerayisi) + emisha “inaliti yegolide / inaliti yesiliva” (金针/银针 — evela emiqhumeni eyodwa, inoboya obuningi, iphrofayli “eluhlaza” epholile).

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:

Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical, enezici ezigqamile zezintaba. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi lonyaka — 21°C (eziqongweni — liphansi kakhulu). Imvula ephakathi yonyaka — 2300 mm — okungenye yezinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezindawo zetiye e-China. Ukukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka — amahora ayi-1860. Inkungu — izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-200 ngonyaka. Kusukela enyangeni yesi-4 kuya eyesi-9 ngokwezinyanga zenyanga (cishe uMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba), amafu avala ilanga, ashiye kuphela amahora angu-4–5 okukhanya kwelanga ngosuku — okuyinto eyeqisayo “寡日照” (guǎ rìzhào, “ukukhanya kwelanga okuncane”) ngisho naseGuangdong enamafu. Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushila ebusuku kanye nasemini kukhulu. Izithwathwa zasebusika zifika ekuseni, ukushisa kwasehlobo kufika sekwedlule isikhathi, okudala isikhathi eside sokukhula esinesivinini esilinganiselwe.
Ukuphakama: Umnyombo wokukhiqiza — 915–956 m. Okuwuzungezile — iziqongo ezingamamitha ayinkulungwane: i-Jiulongzhang (九龙嶂, Jiǔlóng Zhàng, “Isibhamu samadragoni ayisishiyagalolunye”), i-Wanshizhang (万狮嶂, Wànshī Zhàng, “Isibhamu sezinqamuli eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi”), i-Beishanzhang (北山嶂, Běishān Zhàng, “Isibhamu sasenyakatho sezintaba”). Iziqongo zakha “indawo yemidlalo” engokwemvelo, ebamba umswakama nenkungu.
Inhlabathi: I-sandy loam enombala ophuzi-obomvu (黄红砂壤土, huánghóng shā rǎng tǔ) emigodini ebunjiwe nase-granite ye-Yanshan period (燕山期花岗岩、石英岩风化). I-pH 5.5–6.5 — i-acidity enhle. Idwala eliwumzali lihlanganisa nama-purple sandstone (紫色砂岩). I-organic matter iningi, ingubo yezitshalo ikakhulukazi ama-fern (蕨草).
Imvelo: Umnyombo — indawo yokuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi. Ebangeni lamamayela amaningana — awukho umthombo wokungcoliswa. Imifula ivela ekuphakameni okungu-1050 m (九龙嶂, 北山嶂). Umanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane akuvunyelwe.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe besiHakka obungobunikazi “二炒二揉” (èr chǎo èr róu, “ukosa kabili — ukusonteka kabili”) — ifa elingaphatheki laseMeizhou (kusukela ngo-2014). Umjikelezo ophindwe kabili wokosa nokusonteka unikeza ukujula kokunambitheka nokwakheka “komculo wezintaba” (山韵, shānyùn). Yonke inqubo yenziwa ngamathuluzi oqalo (竹制器具, zhúzhì qìjù) — ukuthintana kweqabunga nensimbi akuvunyelwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokucutshungulwa, okuvimbela ukuguguleka okwenziwe yizinsimbi kwama-polyphenols futhi kulondoloze ubumsulwa bokunambitheka.

Ukulala (摊晾, tān liáng): Amahlumela asanda kukhiwa andlalwa ngesendlalelo esincane emathanini oqalo. Isikhathi — amahora angu-2–4 kuye ngomswakama. Ukwehliswa kokuqala kwe-turgor nokuqala kokwakheka kwephunga.
Ukosa kokuqala — “ukubulala ukuluhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng): Ibhodwe lensimbi ejiyileyo (铁锅, tiě guō), izinga lokushisa ~200°C. Indlela “yokuphakamisela phezulu + ukushisisa ngomjuluko” (扬焖结合, yáng mèn jiéhé): ukuphakamisela phezulu kweqabunga ngokushintshana (ukuze kuhwamuke ngokushesha) nokulicindezela ezindongeni zebhodwe (ukuze kufudumale kahle). Ukungasebenzi kwama-enzyme. Isikhathi — imizuzu engu-5–8.
Ukusonteka kokuqala (初揉, chū róu): Iqabunga lisojwa esitsheni soqalo. Inhloso — ukubhidliza ulwelwesi lwamaseli, ukuqala kokwakheka kwesimo “esifana nensibi”. Ukucindezela — okulinganiselwe.
Ukosa kwesibili (初炒, chū chǎo): Ukuphinda kucutshungulwe ngezinga eliphezulu lokushisa ebhodweni. Inhloso — ukulungiswa okwengeziwe, ukuqinisa iphunga le-chestnut kanye nezwi “layisi”. Izinga lokushisa — 160–180°C.
Ukusonteka kwesibili (复揉, fù róu): Ukubunjwa okubuyelela. Ukucindezela okunamandla — ukuqinisa iqabunga, ukuqedela ukwakheka kwesimo “esifana nensibi”.
Ukosa kokugcina ngokuphakanyisa kwephunga (复炒提香定型, fù chǎo tíxiāng dìngxíng): Izinga lokushisa — 120–140°C. Ukuqiniswa kwesimo “nokuphakanyisa” (提香, tíxiāng) kwephunga: i-Maillard reaction phakathi kwama-amino acid kanye noshukela yakha amanothi e-chestnut kanye ne-“rayisi elosiwe”.
Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān): Ukufinyelela ekugcineni kumswakama ≤5%.

6. Izimpawu Ze-Organoleptic:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga “esimo sensibi” (眉形): aqinile, agobile kancane, aluhlaza ngokumpunga futhi anoboya (灰绿显毫, huī lǜ xiǎn háo). Usayizi — ophakathi nendawo, ofanayo. Ebangeni eliphakeme (izihlahla ezineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala) — iqabunga elincane, uboya obuningi.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: I-chestnut (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng) — eyinhloko, efudumele futhi eyindilinga. “Iphunga lerayisi elosiwe” (炒米香, chǎomǐ xiāng) — elivela emsebenzini wesiko “womlilo” (火工, huǒgōng) wokosa kabili. Inothi elincane “lasezintabeni”.
Iphunga lencweliso: Umfutho we-chestnut-irayisi uvuleka ngokukhanyayo, ngokungezwa “komculo wezintaba” (山韵, shānyùn) — ithoni ye-terroir yasentabeni ephakeme, ezwiwa njengento epholile “yeminerali” engemuva komzimba “we-chestnut” ofudumele. Ukuqina — ukuthelwa okuyi-5–7 kwetiye lasentabeni ephakeme.
Ukunambitheka: Okumtoti-okuthambile (甘醇, gān chún) — ubumnandi bubonakala kusukela ekutheleleni kokuqala. Kukusha (鲜爽, xiān shuǎng). Kuminyene futhi kunamandla (浓强, nóng qiáng) — okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezincibilikayo kanye nama-polyphenols (33.83%) kunikeza “umzimba” obonakalayo. Ukubuya kobumnandi — okuqhubekayo, “nomculo womphimbo” owandisiwe (喉韵绵长, hóuyùn miáncháng) — ukunambitheka kwangemuva kuzwiwa kujulile emphinjeni, hhayi olwimini kuphela.
Umbala wencweliso: Oluhlaza ngokwesibhakabhaka, osobala, onombala omncane ophuzi lapho ukhanyiselwe (青绿透亮略带微黄, qīnglǜ tòuliàng lüè dài wēi huáng). Omsulwa, ongenakho ukufiphala.
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliselishaywe amanzi): Lithambile, lithambile, lifanayo, “liyaphila” (柔软幼嫩、匀整鲜活, róuruǎn yòunèn, yúnzhěng xiānhuó). Amaqabunga avuleka ngokuphelele, elondoloze ukuphelela kwawo — uphawu lokusonteka okucophelelayo ngesandla.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-polyphenols (茶多酚): 33.83% — inkomba ephezulu, engaphezu kwesilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza (~18–25%). Kubangelwa inhlanganisela ye-oolong cultivar enamacembe amancane (ngokofuzo ithambekele ekuquketheni ama-catechin aphezulu) kanye nesimo sezulu se-subtropical esinemvula eningi. Ama-catechin ayinhloko: i-EGCG, i-ECG, i-EGC.
Ama-amino acid (氨基酸): ≥3.10%. I-L-theanine — okuyi-component eyinhloko. Okuqukethwe kuphansi kunamatiye “asenyakatho” (I-Yimeng Yu Ya, i-Rizhao), kodwa kwanele ukwakha iphrofayili “entsha” ephawulekayo. Isilinganiso sama-polyphenols / amino acid (~10:1) sithambekele ohlangothini lwama-polyphenols — kusuka lapho kuba nesimo sokunambitheka “esinamandla” “nesiminyene”.
I-caffeine (咖啡碱): Cishe ku-3.5–4.5% — ephakeme, ejwayelekile ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ze-oolong enamacembe amancane.
I-fluorine (氟): Okuqukethwe okwandisiwe — ukuvikela i-enamel yamazinyo. Izihlahla zetiye ezisehlabathini ye-granite ene-asidi ziqongelela i-fluorine emanzini angaphansi komhlabathi.
Amavithamini: C, B₁, B₂, E, K, β-carotene.
Izinto zamaminerali: K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, F.
Izinto ezakha iphunga: Iphunga le-chestnut ne-“rayisi” lakhiwa ama-pyrazines (2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, njll.) kanye nezinto ezitholakala ku-furan — umphumela wokosa kabili kanye ne-Maillard reaction. “Umculo wezintaba” (山韵) — ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yama-terpenoid, aqoqwa lapho kunokukhanya kwelanga okuncane okuphansi kakhulu (amahora angu-4–5/ngosuku).

8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:

Umsebenzi onamandla we-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenols angama-33.83% — okungenye yezinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza. I-EGCG yenza ama-free radicals angasebenzi, yehlisa ukugxila kwe-oxidative, ivikela i-DNA ekulimaleni.
Umphumela wokunikela amandla: I-caffeine ephakeme (~3.5–4.5%) inikeza amandla aphawulekayo; i-L-theanine yenza umnqamulajuqu wobuvalo uthambe, yakha “ukuhlanzeka komqondo”.
Ukuvikela i-enamel yamazinyo: Okuqukethwe okwandisiwe kwe-fluorine kuvimbela ukukhishwa kweminerali kwe-enamel futhi kucindezele ukukhula kwamagciwane abangela ukubhoboza amazinyo.
Ukusekela isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-catechin athuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-endothelium, asize ukulungisa umfutho wegazi.
Ukusekela ukusebenza kwe-lipid: I-EGCG ivuselela ukugxiliswa kwe-fatty acids, yehlisa izinga le-LDL.
Umphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala: Ama-polyphenols acindezelela ukuvezwa kwama-pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Imisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine ivuselela amaza obuchopho e-alpha, ithuthukise ukunaka kanye nenkumbulo yokusebenza.

9. Ukweyiswa Kwezinsiza:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85°C.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-100 ml (i-gaiwan) noma 3 g nge-200 ml (ingilazi yengilazi).
Izitsha:
- Gaiwan (盖碗): Kuyindlela enhle yokulawula ukukhishwa kwencweliso nokubukela “umculo wezintaba” ekutheleleni okulandelanayo.
- Ingilazi yengilazi (玻璃杯): Yokubukela “amahlumela amile” (芽叶竖立, yá yè shù lì) nokujabulela umbala wencweliso.
Inqubo (i-gaiwan):
1. Fudumeza i-gaiwan ne-chahai ngamanzi abilayo.
2. Thela amagremu angu-3 etiye. Ukuwasha — imizuzwana engu-5, khipha amanzi.
3. Ukuthelela kokuqala — imizuzwana engama-20.
4. Ngokulandelana ngakunye — +imizuzwana engu-5.
5. Kukwazi ukumelana nokuthelwa okuyi-6–8. “Umculo wezintaba” ubonakala kakhulu ekutheleleni kwesi-3 kuya kwesi-5.
Inqubo (ingilazi yengilazi):
1. Fudumeza ingilazi.
2. Thela amagremu angu-3 etiye, thela amanzi (80°C).
3. Namathisele imizuzu engu-3. Bheka “amahlumela amile” — ukuma okuqondile kwamaqabunga kukhombisa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinesikhwama.
4. Kukwazi ukumelana nokuthelwa okuthe xaxa okungu-3–4.

10. Ukugcina:

Izimo: Ukupakishwa okuvaleke ngokuphelele, esiqandisini 0–5°C.
Itiye elisha: “Ukuphumula” izinsuku ezingu-7 ngemva kokukhiqizwa.
Ngemva kokuvula: Kufanele lisetshenziswe kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-10 — iphunga le-chestnut-elayisi, elakhiwe ukosa kabili, lizinze kakhulu kunakwamanye amatiye amaningi aluhlaza, kodwa noma kunjalo lisengozini yokuguguleka.
Izitha zetiye: Umswakama, ukukhanya, ukushisa, amaphunga angaphandle.
Usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi: Emaphaketheni avaliwe ku-0–5°C — kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingu-18.

11. Intengo Nezinto Zomgunyathi:

Izinkomba zentengo:
- Esezintabeni eziphakeme “amafu” (900+ m, izihlahla ezineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala) — kusukela ku-120 yuan / 500 g; izigaba ezikhethekile — kuze kufike ku-3000 yuan / jin (6000 yuan / kg).
- Esezintabeni eziphakathi (700–900 m) — 80–120 yuan / 500 g.
- Esezintabeni eziphansi (<700 m) — 40–80 yuan / 500 g.
Indlela yokugwema imigunyathi:
- Thenga okunophawu lwesiqinisekiso sendawo ethi “马图绿茶”.
- IMǎtú lǜchá yangempela — amaqabunga “esimo sensibi”, aluhlaza ngokumpunga futhi anoboya. Amakhulu, avulekile noma amnyama ngokwedlulele — uphawu lokukhopha.
- Hlola iphunga: i-chestnut-elayisi, elihlala njalo, elinenothi “lasezintabeni”. Ukungabikho kwezwi “layisi” — kuyasola (kubonisa ukosa okukodwa).
- Incweliso — eluhlaza ngokwesibhakabhaka, osobala. Efiphele noma ephuzi ngokwedlulele — ukuchezuka.
- IMǎtú lǜchá — itiye elingabizi kakhulu; intengo esolisayo ephezulu (ngaphezu kuka-3000 yuan / 500 g) ingase ikhombise ukuhwebelana okungenasisekelo, kanti intengo esolisayo ephansi (<40 yuan / 500 g) — umgunyathi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

UZhu De kanye no-10 kg wembewu. Ngo-1929, uMarshal Zhu De wanikeza umzana waseMatu isaka lembewu ye-oolong enamacembe amancane, eyayisuka entshonalanga yeFujian — okungenye yezigameko ezimbalwa emlandweni lapho uphawu lwetiye luhlobene ngqo nesehlakalo esithile esivela kumlando womphathi we-Red Army. Imbewu yayihloselwe eJinggangshan, kodwa uZhu De, ebona ubumpofu bomzana osezintabeni, wanquma ukuyishiya kubalimi abangamaHakka.
“Itiye le-Red Army” (红军茶). Igama lesibili elisemthethweni le-Mǎtú lǜchá — itiye, “elakhula embewini yenguquko”. Kuze kube manje, inkampani i-“Matu Chaye” yakhipha uchungechunge lwe-“红军茶” minyaka yonke, futhi emzaneni kusakhalwa ingoma ethi “Phakamisani inkomishi yetiye laseMatu” (《敬你一杯马图茶》), eyaqala ukusakazwa yi-Central People’s Radio ngeminyaka yawo-1970.
Izihlahla ezineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala ezingaphezu kuka-100 000+. Okungenye yezindawo ezinkulu zezihlahla zetiye zasendulo eGuangdong. Izihlahla zikhula ekuphakameni okungu-700–1000 m, emithambekeni “yeSibhamu Samadragoni Ayisishiyagalolunye” (九龙嶂). Isiqhebe semfuza senani elihle kakhulu.
Amahora angu-4–5 elanga ngosuku. Kusukela enyangeni yesi-4 kuya eyesi-9 ngokwezinyanga zenyanga, amafu avala ilanga, ashiye kuphela amahora angu-4–5 okukhanya kwelanga — okuyinto eyeqisayo “寡日照” eGuangdong eshisayo. Le ndlela icindezela ukuguqulwa kwe-theanine ibe ngama-catechin nge-photosynthesis, iphinde yandise “ukusha” kwetiye ngendlela exakayo naphezu kokuqukethwe kwalo okuphezulu kwama-polyphenols.
“Ukosa kabili — ukusonteka kabili” kanye noqalo. Ubuchwepheshe “二炒二揉” — umjikelezo ophindwe kabili wokosa nokusonteka — bunikeza ukujula kokunambitheka “kanye nomculo wezintaba”. Yonke inqubo yenziwa ngamathuluzi oqalo — ukuthintana kweqabunga nensimbi akuvunyelwe, njengoba kusebenza nobuchwepheshe be-Renhua Yinhao (仁化银毫) oluphuma eGuangdong efanayo.
“梅州高原” — “Ithafa laseMeizhou”. IMatu ibizwa nge-“thafa eliphakeme laseMeizhou” (梅州高原) — ukuphakama okuphakathi komzana (700 m) kukwenza kube okunye kwezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu esihotsheni esikhulu saseMeizhou, kanti iziqongo ezingamamitha ayinkulungwane ezizungezile zakha isimo sezulu esincane, esingenakho okunye esifundeni.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

I-Renhua Yinhao (仁化银毫, Rénhuà Yínháo): Elinye itiye eliluhlaza laseGuangdong elinesiqinisekiso sendawo (elivela eShaoguan). Nalo likhiqizwa ngamathuluzi oqalo ngaphandle kokuthintana nensimbi. Kodwa i-Renhua Yinhao — ivela ku-Bai Mao Cha (白毛茶) cultivar, enoboya obuningi kanye nephrofayili “entsha” ngaphezulu. IMǎtú lǜchá — ivela ku-oolong enamacembe amancane, inephunga le-chestnut-elayisi “kanye nomculo wezintaba”.
I-Xianxi Shan Baimaojian (沿溪山白毛尖, Yánxī Shān Báimáojiān): Itiye eliluhlaza laseGuangdong elivela eRenhua, elaziwa ngoboya obumhlophe obuningi kanye nencweliso “eluhlaza nge-jade”. Iphrofayili emnene futhi “entsha” ngokwengeziwe. IMǎtú lǜchá — “inomzimba” ngokwengeziwe, enesimo “somlilo” esigqamile sokosa kabili.
I-Meixian Lücha (梅县绿茶, Méixiàn Lǜchá): “Umakhelwane” ovela eMeizhou efanayo (isifunda saseMeixian). Ivela ezinhlotsheni zendawo ezinamacembe amancane kanye ne-Jinxuan cultivar. Ithole i-GI ngo-2020. Inomongo ofanayo wesiHakka, kodwa ngaphandle komlando “wenguquko” nangaphandle kwendawo yezihlahla ezineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala.
I-Laoshan Lücha (崂山绿茶, Láoshān Lǜchá): Itiye eliluhlaza “lasenyakatho” yaseShandong ukuze kuqhathaniswe. Zombili — amatiye asezintabeni eziphakeme anamafu anephunga le-chestnut, kodwa iLaoshan — isendaweni engu-35° N esimeni sezulu esipholile, kanti iMatu — ingu-24° N endaweni eshisayo. Umehluko kuma-polyphenols: iMatu — 33.83% (i-subtropical), iLaoshan — iphansi kakhulu (izindawo ezisenyakatho zenza ukuhlanganiswa kwama-catechin kuhamba kancane).

Ekuphethweni:

IMǎtú lǜchá — itiye elinomdabu ophindwe kabili: “obomvu” — imbewu evela kuMarshal Zhu De, eyanikezwa umzana wamaHakka ngo-1929, — kanye “noluhlaza” — izihlahla ezingaphezu kuka-100 000 ezineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala ekuphakameni okungu-956 m emafini “eSibhamu Samadragoni Ayisishiyagalolunye”. “Ukosa kabili — ukusonteka kabili” ngamathuluzi oqalo, iphunga le-chestnut-elayisi “elinomculo wezintaba” kanye nama-polyphenols angu-33.83% — ifomula yetiye, ongathanda ukulinambitha, kodwa futhi “ulithinte”: izihlahla ezineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala zisami eMatu kuze kube namuhla, kanti ingoma ethi “Phakamisani inkomishi yetiye laseMatu” isazwakala emzaneni, lapho abalimi abangamaHakka beqhubeza umsebenzi owaqalwa uMarshal cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.