Máchéng Guī Shān Lǜchá

Máchéng Guī Shān Lǜchá (麻城龟山绿茶, Máchéng guī shān lǜchá) — “Itheku Luhlaza laseNtabeni YoFudu lwaseMach’eng” — itiye eliluhlaza elivela eNtabeni iGuīfēngshān (龟峰山, Guīfēngshān, “Isiqongo SoFudu”, 1320 m), etholakala ohlangothini lwezintaba iDàbiéshān (大别山) endaweni yedolobha laseMach’eng (麻城市), esifundazweni sase-Hubei. Leli tiye kukhulunywa ngalo ngisho nangu-Lù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) “ENcwadini YeTiye” (《茶经》, Chájīng): “黄州山谷茶生麻城县” — “Itheku lezigodi zezintaba zaseHuángzhōu likhula esifundeni saseMach’eng”. Ngenkathi yoMbuso wakwaTang, uMbusi uTàizōng (太宗, Tàizōng, 李世民, Lǐ Shìmín) walincoma ngokubonga: “龟涎煮龟茶，天下第一家” — “Ngamanzi omthombo waseNtabeni yoFudu ukupheka itiye loFudu — yikhaya elingcono kakhulu ngaphansi kwezulu”. Ngo-1959, kususelwa ku-”Guīshān Yúnwù” (龟山云雾, “Inkungu Elicinane laseNtabeni yoFudu”) okungokomlando, kwasungulwa i-”Guīshān Yánlǜ” (龟山岩绿, “Uhlaza Lwedwala laseNtabeni yoFudu”). Ngo-1962, u-Dǒng Bìwǔ (董必武, Dǒng Bìwǔ, 1886–1975) — omunye wabasunguli bePhathina YamaKhomanisi futhi owayeyiPhini likaMengameli wekhaya lamaShayina — walinikezela leli tiye ngenkondlo yokudumisa. Ngo-1980, leli tiye lafakwa ohlwini “lwamatiye ahlonishwayo amahlanu eShayina” (全国五大名茶), kwathi ngo-2012 lazuza isikhundla sokuba umkhiqizo ovela endaweni ethile oqashelwe yiKhaya lamaShayina.

1. Isigaba Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingagaywa. Lingenye yamatiye aluhlaza asesimweni sezintambo (条形绿茶, tiáoxíng lǜchá) ngobuchwepheshe bokugxisha ngokuwoshela. Isimo seqabunga letiye — liqinile, liqonde, licijile, linoboya obubonakala obala (紧细圆直、锋毫显露). Ubuchwepheshe bomqambi — “ukuwoshela kancane emlilweni omncane bese kuphakanyiswa iphunga emlilweni onamandla” (小火长炒+旺火提香, xiǎohuǒ chángchǎo + wànghuǒ tíxiāng).
Isigaba: Umkhiqizo Wendawo Ye-Jiografi yaseShayina (国家地理标志产品, 2012). Omunye “wamatiye ahlonishwayo amahlanu eShayina” (全国五大名茶, 1980). Wathola umklomelo wekhwalithi evela eMnyangweni Wezolimo Nokudoba (农牧渔业部优质奖, 1988). Ufakwe “Eqoqweni Lwezifundo Zamatiye Ahlonishwayo aseShayina” (《中国名茶研究选集》). “Gǒngchá” wohlanga lwakwaTang (唐代贡茶). Umkhiqizo wombuso wakwaSong (宋代御品). Kukhulunywa ngawo “ENcwadini YeTiye” kaLu Yu. Kusukela ngo-2024 — indawo yezingadi zetiye ingu-35,000 mu (~2,333 ha), umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza ungamathani angu-150, inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo lingama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-60.
Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe sase-Húběi (湖北省, Húběi Shěng), idolobha elingaphansi kuka-Huánggāng (黄冈市, Huánggāng Shì), idolobha elingaphansi kuka-Máchéng (麻城市, Máchéng Shì). Izintaba ze-Dàbiéshān (大别山), intaba i-Guīfēngshān (龟峰山, 1320 m). Indawo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa izifunda zetiye ezinhlanu: Ipulazi leTiye laseGuīshān (龟山茶场), idolobhana i-Guīshānzhèn (龟山镇), idolobhana i-Sānhékǒuzhèn (三河口镇), idolobhana i-Mùzǐdiànzhèn (木子店镇), idolobhana i-Zhāngjiāfànzhèn (张家畈镇).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 31°10′ N, 115°10′ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando:

Umlando wetiye laseMach’eng ungomunye wemilando emidala kunayo yonke eqoshwe ngemibhalo esifundazweni sase-Hubei. Ubufakazi bokuqala obubhaliwe buvela ku-Lù Yǔ (陆羽, 733–804), owakubhala “ENcwadini YeTiye” (《茶经》) wathi: “黄州山谷茶生麻城县” — “Itheku lezigodi zezintaba zaseHuángzhōu likhula esifundeni saseMach’eng”. Lokhu kushiwo ngqo kwenza iMach’eng ibe ngenye yezindawo ezimbalwa ezashiwo ngegama “yingcwele yetiye” engxoxweni yayo eyigugu. Futhi ngesikhathi sombuso wakwaTang (618–907), umbusi wakwaTang u-Tàizōng (太宗, 李世民) wavakashela intaba i-Guīfēngshān washiya izincomo eziyinkondlo: “龟涎煮龟茶，天下第一家” — “Ngamanzi omthombo waseNtabeni yoFudu ukupheka itiye loFudu — yikhaya elingcono kakhulu ngaphasi kwezulu”. Isithombe “龟涎” (amathe ofudu) singisingathekiso samanzi omthombo ahlanzekile kakhulu, aphuma emadwaleni ase-Guīfēngshān.

Ngesikhathi sikaSong (960–1279), itiye laseMach’eng lalilawulwa yisigungu sikahulumeni esikhethekile — i-Quèchá Shǐsī (榷茶使司, Quèchá Shǐsī, “Isigungu Esilawula Ukuhweba Kwetiye Okuyilungelo Lodwa”), esasiphethe ukuthunyelwa enkantolo. Umbhalo wezikhathi zama-Song othi “Sòng Shǐ · Shíhuòzhì” (《宋史·食货志》) uyafakaza ukuthi “海州榷茶之所…茶善而易售” — itiye laseHǎizhōu (lapho iMach’eng nayo yayiyingxenye yokuxhumana okubanzi kwezohwebo) lalifunwa kakhulu futhi “lithengiswa kalula”. Itiye lalithunyelwa enkantolo ngesimo “yùpǐn” (御品, “umkhiqizo wombuso”).

Ngo-1958 emithambekeni yase-Guīfēngshān kwasungulwa ipulazi likahulumeni letiye “Guīshān Cháchǎng” (国营龟山茶场). Ochwepheshe balo, besekela emasikweni okukhiqiza i-”Guīshān Yúnwù” (龟山云雾, “Inkungu Elicinane laseNtabeni yoFudu”), ngo-1959 bakha itiye elithuthukisiwe elithi “Guīshān Yánlǜ” (龟山岩绿, “Uhlaza Lwedwala laseNtabeni yoFudu”), okwathi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-1960 langena kwamane amatiye ahlonishwayo esifundazweni sase-Hubei.

Ngo-1962, iPhini likaMengameli weKhaya lamaShayina u-Dǒng Bìwǔ (董必武, 1886–1975), omunye wabasunguli bePhathina YamaKhomanisi yaseShayina, wavakashela i-Guīfēngshān walibonga leli tiye ngenkondlo: “昔日游击地，今为产茶区。龟峰名久著，牯岭德不孤…” — “Indawo eyake yaba izimpi zazingamaqhawe — manje isiyindawo yetiye. Idumela leSiqongo SoFudu kudala saziwa, ubuhle be-Gǔlǐng abubodwa…”. U-Dǒng Bìwǔ wabiza i-Guīfēngshān ngokuthi “i-Lúshān yesibili” (第二庐山), eqinisa umoya “obomvu” wetiye, ohlanganisa umlando wenguquko kanye nomlando wetiye.

Ngo-1980 ekuhlolweni okwenziwa kuzwelonke, leli tiye lafakwa ohlwini “lwamatiye ahlonishwayo amahlanu eShayina” (全国五大名茶) — ukuqashelwa okukhulu kukazwelonke ngaleso sikhathi. Ngo-1988 lathola “Umklomelo Wekhwalithi evela eMnyangweni Wezolimo” (农牧渔业部优质奖). Ngo-2005 lathola umklomelo wokuqala Emqhudelwaneni Wesithupha Wokuzwelonke we-”Zhōngchá Bēi” (第六届”中茶杯”全国名优茶评比一等奖). Ngo-2012, Isigungu Sikahulumeni Sokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi saqinisekisa uphawu lwendawo ye-“Guīshān Yánlǜ” (龟山岩绿). Ngo-2024, uchungechunge lomkhiqizo i-“Guīshān Yánlǜ” seluthole imiklomelo engu-19 kuzwelonke nakumazwe omhlaba sebebonke.

Igama:

“Mach’eng” (麻城) yigama ledolobha, elisukela esikhathini soMbuso WaseNyakatho NaseNingizimu (420–589). “Guī Shān” (龟山) — “INtaba YoFudu”, isifinyezo esivamile se-Guīfēngshān (龟峰山); intaba yathola leli gama ngenxa yesimo sayo esifana nofudu olukhulu olungamakhilomitha angu-16 ubude — kusukela “ekhanda” kuya “emsileni”. “Lǜ Chá” (绿茶) — “itiye eliluhlaza”.

Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:

I-Guīfēngshān ingenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko zaseMach’eng, ebizwa ngokuthi “UFudu Lokuqala Ngaphansi Kwezulu” (天下第一龟) ngenxa yesimo sayo. Intaba iyingxenye yePhaki Ye-Jiografi Yomhlaba ye-Dàbiéshān (大别山世界地质公园) futhi ngo-2024 yathola isikhundla sokuba yindawo yokuvakasha kazwelonke esezingeni elingu-5A. Ufudu (龟, guī) emasikweni amaShayina — ungenye yezilwane ezine ezingcwele (四灵, sìlíng), uphawu lokuphila isikhathi eside, ukuhlakanipha nokuzinza. Itiye elikhula “emhlane woFudu” liphethe lokhu okungokomfanekiso eqabungeni ngalinye. Indlela yokuhaya eyinkondlo ka-Tàizōng — “amathe oFudu + itiye loFudu = elingcono kakhulu ngaphansi kwezulu” — iyisibonelo esiphelele “sendawo yetiye” yakudala, ehlanganisa indawo, izinganekwane kanye nolwazi lwezizwa zomzimba kube yinto eyodwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-Guīfēngshān iyindawo enkulu “yokuvakasha okubomvu”: phakathi neminyaka yempi yombango lesi sifunda sasiyisizinda samaqhawe, kanti inkondlo ka-Dǒng Bìwǔ yaguqula itiye laba uphawu lokuqhubeka — kusukela emlandweni wenguquko kuya ekutshaleni itiye ngokuthula.

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Izinhlobonhlobo / Uhlobo Lwembewu: Isisekelo sezinto ezingavuthiwe sihlanganisa izinhlobo zendawo ezihlukahlukene Guīchá-1 (龟茶一号, Guīchá Yīhào) kanye ne-Guīchá-2 (龟茶二号, Guīchá Èrhào) — izinhlobo ezinamacembe aphakathi nendawo namancane (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis), eziphawuleka ngokumelana nesithwathwa okuphezulu kanye nehlumela elinamanzi amaningi elinokuthi “kuphikelela ubuncane” (持嫩性强). Emithambekeni yase-Guīfēngshān kusekhona nezihlahla zetiye zasendle ezindala ezineminyaka engaphezu kwe-100. Iphrofayili yamakhemikhali eqabungeni elisha: i-polyphenol — 17.69%, ama-amino acid — 4.36% (okungaphezulu ngo-~20% kunamanye amatiye aluhlaza ase-Hubei asemathafeni).
Ukuvuna: Isikhathi esiyinhloko — intwasahlobo. Ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu livunwa ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng (清明, Qīngmíng, ~5 Ephreli); ibanga lokuqala — ngaphambi kwe-Gǔyǔ (谷雨, Gǔyǔ, ~20 Ephreli). Izinga lokuvuna kwebanga eliphakeme kakhulu — ihlumela elilodwa noma ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka kancane.
Amabanga:
- Ibanga Eliphakeme Kakhulu (特级, tèjí): Ihlumela elilodwa noma ihlumela elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa, livunwe ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng. Uboya buningi. Iphunga le-khestnut elinamanothi “amnene” (嫩香). Intengo — kusukela ku-450 yuan ngo-500 g.
- Ibanga Lokuqala (一级, yījí): Ihlumela elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa, livunwe ngaphambi kwe-Gǔyǔ. Intengo — 200–300 yuan ngo-500 g.
- Ibanga Lesibili (二级, èrjí): Ihlumela elilodwa + amacembe amabili. Ibanga elisetshenziswa kakhulu, elisetshenziswa nakwimikhiqizo efakwe ezikhwameni.
Isizinda sokukhiqiza: Amadolobhana i-Luóbǎichuāncūn (罗百川村), i-Guīwěicūn (龟尾村, “Idolobhana Lomsila WoFudu”) kanye ne-Shìbǐngshāncūn (柿饼山村, “Idolobhana Lentaba YeThosi”) endaweni ephakeme engu-800 m nangaphezulu. Lawa madolobhana abalelwa kuze kufike ku-70% webanga eliphakeme kakhulu.

4. Indawo Kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

Isimo sezulu: Isifunda sisekuhlanganeni kwezifundazwe ezintathu — i-Hubei, i-Henan kanye ne-Anhui — engxenyeni emaphakathi yezintaba ze-Dàbiéshān. Isimo sezulu — siwukuguquka phakathi kwesimo sezulu esiphansi esishisayo sasenyakatho kanye nesimo sezulu esipholile. Izinga lokushisa leminyaka yonke — 16°C. Imvula yonyaka — 1200–1300 mm. Izinsuku ezinamafu nenkungu — zingaphezu kwezingu-180 ngonyaka. Ingxenye yokukhanya okuhlakazekile — ingaphezu kuka-70%. Umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwasemini nasebusuku — ungaphezu kuka-8°C, okusiza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid futhi kunciphise ukuwohloka kwe-L-theanine, okuqinisekisa “ubusha” obuphezulu (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng) kwetiye.
Ukuphakama: Izingadi zetiye zitholakala endaweni ephakeme engu-600–1000 m. Isizinda sokukhiqiza — singaphezu kuka-800 m. Isilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu sohlu — 1320 m (isiqongo i-Xiǎndāofēng, 险刀峰).
Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi wezintaba onsundu ophuzi (黄棕壤, huángzōngrǎng), i-pH 4.0–6.5. Isilinganiso samakhemikhali eziphilayo si ≥1%. Umhlabathi unothe nge-iron (Fe) ne-zinc (Zn), okunomthelela omuhle ekwakhiweni kwama-polyphenol. Ubukhulu bosendlalelo somhlabathi — abukho ngaphansi kuka-60 cm.
Imvelo: Isembozo sehlathi sase-Guīfēngshān — singu-95% (esinye sezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezifunda zetiye eShayina). Umfutho wama-ion amabi — ufinyelela ku-200,000 nge-cm³. Izisetshenziswa zamanzi — zisezingeni lokuqala lokuhlanzwa; imithombo yemifula i-Jǔshuǐ (举水) ne-Bāshuǐ (巴水) ikhona ngqo endaweni yezingadi zetiye. I-Guīfēngshān inesikhundla seNdawo Kazwelonke Yokuvakasha Yemvelo (国家生态旅游示范区).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bomqambi “小火长炒 + 旺火提香” (xiǎohuǒ chángchǎo + wànghuǒ tíxiāng) — “ukuwoshela kancane emlilweni omncane + ukuphakanyiswa kwephunga ngokushesha emlilweni onamandla” — ukuwoshela okunezigaba ezimbili, okuwuphawu oluhlukanisayo lokukhiqiza:

Ukendlalwa (摊放, tānfàng): Amahora ama-3–4 ezingeni lokushisa legumbi elingu-20–25°C. Ubukhulu bosendlalelo — abukho ngaphezu kuka-5 cm. Iqabunga lilahlekelwa umswakama owedlulele (kuze kufike esilinganisweni esingu-60–65%) bese liqala ukukhipha iphunga “lotshani”.
Ukuqiniswa — “ukubulala uhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng): Izinga lokushisa kwebhodwe — 120–150°C. Ukuwoshela okuthambile, okwenza ungasebenzi i-oxidase, kodwa kugcine ubuncane beqabunga. Ukulawulwa kwenziwa ngesandla — ngokushintsha kombala kanye nokunwebeka okuzwiwayo.
Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ngokomgomo “olula → onamandla → olula” (轻→重→轻). Inhloso — ukucekela phansi isakhiwo samangqamuzana ukuze kukhishwe kamuva, ngaphandle kokulimaza ukuphelela kweqabunga letiye.
Ukuwoshelwa kokuqala (初干, chūgān): 80–120°C. Ukwehlisa umswakama ukuze ufinyelele ezingeni elimaphakathi.
Ukwenziwa kwesimo ngesandla (手工整形, shǒugōng zhěngxíng): Indlela “yokuxubha ngesandla sentende” (掌心搓揉, zhǎngxīn cuōróu) — umdwebi wenza intambo eqinile, eqonde, ecijile kuphela ngezintende. Ukucindezelwa ngomshini akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ngokwezinga lakho — umsebenzi wezandla kuphela oqinisekisa isakhiwo esiyisici “紧细圆直” (eqinile, ecijile, eyindilinga, eqonde).
“Umlilo omncane — ukuwoshelwa isikhathi eside” (小火长炒, xiǎohuǒ chángchǎo): Izinga lokushisa — 60°C. Ukuwoshelwa kancane isikhathi eside kuze kwehliswe umswakama ube cishe ngu-20%. Lesi sigaba sakha “umzimba” wephunga le-khestnut.
“Umlilo onamandla — ukuphakanyiswa kwephunga” (旺火提香, wànghuǒ tíxiāng): Izinga lokushisa — 120°C. Ukushisa kokugcina okusheshayo, “okukhiya” iphunga le-khestnut ngaphakathi kweqabunga letiye. Umehluko phakathi kokuqoqwa kwephunga okuhamba kancane kanye nokuqiniswa kwalo ngokushesha ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu — kuyisici esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe, esihlukanisa i-Guīshān Yánlǜ kwamanye amatiye aluhlaza ase-Hubei.

6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa Izitho Zomzimba:

Isimo esingaphandle seqabunga elomile: Izintambo eziqinile, ezicijile, eziqonde (紧细圆直) ezinoboya obusiliva-bumhlophe obugqamile (锋毫显露). Umbala — uluhlaza sengilazi-onombala, okhazimula ngokunamafutha (翠绿油润). Amaqabunga etiye ayingxenye efanayo ngosayizi, ngaphandle kwezinsalane kanye “nothuli lwetiye”.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elihlanzekile, eliphakeme, elinamanothi e-khestnut agqamile (栗香, lìxiāng). Ebangeni eliphakeme kakhulu kuphinde kubonakale “iphunga elimnene” (嫩香, nènxiāng) — inothi elintekenteke lohlaza olusha kanye nommbila omncane.
Iphunga lokungena kwamanzi: Iphunga le-khestnut — eliqhubekayo, eliyisisekelo (栗香持久). Etiyweni lasentwasahlobo — “iphunga elihlanzekile” (清香, qīngxiāng) elinemisindo emincane yezimbali. Iphunga lenkomishi emva kokuphola lihlala ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10 — uphawu lokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi zephunga eziguquguqukayo.
Ukunambitha: Okuwugqinsi (醇厚, chúnhòu) nokusha (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng). Ukubuya kobumnandi (回甘, huígān) — kucacile futhi kuyaqhubeka. Indlela yokunambitha eyisici — “ubumuncu buphenduka bube ubumnandi” (涩中泛甜, sè zhōng fàn tián): inothi lokuqala elincane lokuhlanganisa liphenduka babe ubumnandi obuhlanzekile bamaminerali. Ukunambitheka okusemuva — okuhlala isikhathi eside, “nomsindo we-khestnut”.
Umbala wokungena kwamanzi: Uluhlaza sengilazi-onombala, uhlanzekile futhi ukhanya (碧绿清亮, bìlǜ qīngliàng). Ukubonakala ngaphakathi — okuphezulu, ngaphandle kwezinsalela ezincane kanye nento eyehlelayo phansi.
Ilala Letiye (iqabunga eliphekwe): Liphuzi-luhlaza, limnene, liyindawo efanayo (黄绿嫩匀). Amaqabunga ayaqhubeka nokunwebeka nokuqina ngemva kokuphakwa okungu-3–4, okufakazela ukumelana okuphezulu lapho liphekwa.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚): 17.69% — isilinganiso esimaphakathi setiye eliluhlaza, singaphansi kwezinga elimaphakathi (20–30%), okuchazwa yimvelaphi yezintaba eziphakeme kanye nengxenye yokukhanya okuhlakazekile ephakeme. Izinga eliphansi lama-polyphenol lisho ukumunca okuncane kanye nokuhlanganisa.
Ama-Amino Acid (氨基酸): 4.36% — okungaphezulu ngo-~20% kunamanye amatiye aluhlaza ase-Hubei asemathafeni. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sama-amino acid, ngokuyinhloko i-L-theanine, siqinisekisa “ubusha” obugqamile (鲜爽) kanye nokunambitheka okuncane okunoshukela wokungena kwamanzi. Isilinganiso sama-polyphenol/amino acid sicishe sibe ngu-4:1 — inani elifanele lokuphrofayili “wokunambitheka okuwugqinsi nokusha” (醇厚鲜爽).
I-Caffeine (咖啡碱): ~4.5% — ngaphezu kwesilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza (izinga elijwayelekile — 2–4%). Liqinisekisa umphumela wokuqabuleka okuthuthukisiwe.
Izinto Ezikhiphekayo Ngamanzi (水浸出物): 39.93% — isilinganiso esiphezulu (izinga le-GU — ≥39%), elifakazela ukunotheka kokwakheka kwangaphakathi.
Ushukela Onyibilikayo (可溶性总糖): 2.65% — unomthelela “ekubuyeni kobumnandi” kanye nokuba yindilinga kokunambitheka.
Amavithamini: Uvithamini C, amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂), uvithamini E — isethi ejwayelekile yetiye eliluhlaza lekhwalithi.
Amaminerali: I-Fe, Zn, K, Mg, Mn. Isilinganiso se-zinc (Zn) siphezulu — isici esivelele somhlabathi wezintaba ze-Dàbiéshān.

8. Izinzuzo Eziwusizo:

Umphumela wokulwa nokugqwalswa kwe-oxidation: Ama-catechin (EGCG, ECG) kanye novithamini C ngokuhlangene anciphisa ama-free radical, okubamba ukuguga kwamangqamuzana.
Umphumela wokuqabuleka okuthuthukisiwe: I-Caffeine (~4.5%) ihlangene ne-L-theanine inikeza “amandla athambile” — ukugxila okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuvuka okunamandla kwemizwa.
Ukusekela ukuvuseleleka kwemisipha: I-Caffeine isheshisa ukukhishwa kwe-lactic acid emisipheni ngemva kokuzikhandla komzimba, isize ekuvuselelekeni okusheshayo.
Ukusekela isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-Polyphenol asiza ekwehliseni izinga “lomkhuhlane omubi” (LDL) nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo.
Usizo ekugayekeleni kokudla: Ama-tannin kanye noshukela onyibilikayo ashukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme wokugayeka futhi abuyisele ukuhamba kwamathumbu esimeni esivamile.
Umphumela wokulwa namagciwane: Ama-Catechin abonisa ukusebenza kokuvimbela amagciwane emikhakheni eminingi yamagciwane.
Ukusekela ukuqonda: I-L-theanine isiza ekukhiqizeni amaza e-alpha ebuchosheni, ithuthukise ukugxila kanye nememori yokusebenza.
Ukuqinisa amasotsha omzimba: Isihlanganisi sikavithamini C, i-zinc kanye nama-polyphenol sisekela ukusabela kwamasotsha omzimba.

9. Ukupheka:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90°C kumabanga okuqala nawesibili; 80°C — ebangeni eliphakeme kakhulu (izinto ezingavuthiwe ezintekenteke kakhulu zidinga izinga lokushisa eliphansi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukumunca).
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml yamanzi (isilinganiso 1:50).
Isitsha: Ingilazi (玻璃杯) — ukubuka “umdanso” wamaqabunga etiye; i-gàiwǎn (盖碗) enomthamo ongu-120–150 ml; iketela lephesilana — lokupheka kwansuku zonke.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo, uwakhiphe.
2. Thela u-3 g wetiye.
3. Sebenzisa indlela “yokuthela phakathi” (中投法, zhōngtóufǎ): Thela ⅓ yomthamo wamanzi, uvumele itiye “livuleke” umzuzu ongu-1.
4. Thela amanzi aze afinyelele ku-7/10 womthamo wesitsha.
5. Ukukhipha kokuqala — ukuphuziswa imizuzu engu-1–2.
6. Ukuphakwa okuphindaphindiwe — ukuphakwa okungu-3–4. Isikhathi sandiswe ngemizuzwana engu-15–20 ngokuphakwa okulandelayo. Ngenkathi uthelela, kuyanconywa ukuthi kushiywe ¼ yokungena kwamanzi esitsheni.

10. Ukulondolozwa:

Isitsha: Ukupakishwa okuvaleke umoya nge-aluminium foil — yindlela engcono kakhulu. Kuvunyelwe ukulondolozwa ethinini elicijile elinesibopho esiqinile.
Izinga lokushisa: Isiqandisi, 0–5°C. Lapho ulondoloza isikhathi eside — ikhomishina lokugandisa (−18°C) ekupakishweni okungangeni ukukhanya nokuvaleke umoya.
Isikhathi sokugcina: Izinyanga ezingu-12 uma imibandela ilandelwa. Ngemva kokuvulwa kokupakishwa, kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe phakathi kwenyanga engu-1.
Izitha zetiye: Umswakama, ukukhanya, amaphunga angaphandle, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Akulondolozwa eduze kokudla okunephunga elinamandla (izinongo, ikhofi).

11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:

Ububanzi bentengo: Ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu (特级, míngqiánchá) — kusukela ku-450 yuan ngo-500 g. Ibanga lokuqala — 200–300 yuan ngo-500 g. Ibanga lesibili — 80–150 yuan ngo-500 g.
Izinto ezithinta intengo: Isikhathi sokuvuna (i-míngqiánchá — yona ebiza kakhulu), ibanga lezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukuphakama kokuhluma (itiye elivela emadolobhaneni angaphezu kuka-800 m — yilona eliyigugu kakhulu), ukusetshenziswa kwezandla uma kuqhathaniswa nokomshini.
Ungawagwema kanjani amagunya:
- Thenga itiye elinophawu lwendawo ye-jiografi “麻城龟山绿茶” noma “龟山岩绿” — umkhiqizo uvikelwe umthetho.
- Hlola isimo sangaphandle: i-Guīshān Yánlǜ yangempela — izintambo ezicijile, eziqonde, eziyindawo efanayo ezinoboya, ngaphandle kwezinsalane. Imikhiqizo yomgunyathi ivame ukubonakala ixegayo futhi ingeyindawo efanayo.
- Hlola iphunga: iphunga le-khestnut langempela — liqhubekayo, lihlanzekile, ngaphandle kwamanothi “ashisiwe” noma “wotshani”. Uma iphunga linobuthakathaka noma liyinto engaphandle — kungumgunyathi.
- Hlola ukungena kwamanzi: itiye langempela linikeza ukungena kwamanzi okuluhlaza sengilazi-onombala, okuhlanzekile nokukhanyayo. Ukungena kwamanzi okunamafu noma okusamhlophe-bunsundu kuwuphawu lwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezingenakhwalithi.
- Qaphela intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo: ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu elingaphansi kuka-300 yuan ngo-500 g — isizathu sokungabaza.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

U-Lu Yu wayibiza ngegama iMach’eng. “黄州山谷茶生麻城县” — ukushiwo ngqo kwe-Mach’eng “ENcwadini YeTiye”. Leli ngenye lamadolobha ambalwa ahlonishwe ngokushiwo ngegama “yingcwele yetiye”, okufakazela ikhwalithi evelele yetiye kakade ngekhulu lesi-8.
UMbusi kanye “namathe oFudu”. Indlela ka-Tàizōng ethi “龟涎煮龟茶，天下第一家” — isibonelo “sokumaketha kwetiye” kwasendulo kwamaShayina, okuhlanganisa igama lendawo (Guīshān), isingathekiso sesayensi yezilwane (amanzi omthombo njengoba kungathi “amathe ofudu”) kanye nesinqumo sokwahlulela (“elingcono kakhulu ngaphansi kwezulu”) emgqeni owodwa wezinkondlo.
Inkondlo yomguquli. U-Dǒng Bìwǔ — akayena nje umuntu wezombusazwe, kodwa ungomunye wabameleli abangu-13 beNgqungquthela Yokuqala Ye-CCP (1921). Ukuvakasha kwakhe okunezinkondlo e-Guīfēngshān ngo-1962 kwaxhumanisa itiye nomlando “obomvu” we-Dàbiéshān — isifunda esanikela izwe ngojenene abangu-36, kuhlanganise nomphathi u-Xú Xiàngqián kanye nojenene u-Wáng Shùshēng, owazalelwa eMach’eng.
“Owesihlanu abahlonishwayo” wango-1980. Ukufakwa ohlwini lwe-“全国五大名茶” — isikhundla esatholwa abambalwa kuphela phakathi kwezinkulungwane zamatiye aluhlaza aseShayina.
Intaba-ofudu kanye nezigidi eziyishumi zama-azalea. I-Guīfēngshān — akuyona nje intaba yetiye, kodwa futhi iyindawo lapho kubonakala khona indawo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yama-azalea amadala (杜鹃花): izihlahla eziyizigidi ezingu-10, iminyaka yazo ilinganiselwa emakhulwini ezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Njalo entwasahlobo imithambeka yentaba imbozwa ngendvwangu yezimbali ezibomvu njengomlilo — umbukwane onikeze iMach’eng uphawu lwesibili: “Izinsuku ezine zomuntu zika-Ephreli — eMach’eng uyobuka ama-azalea” (人间四月天，麻城看杜鹃).
Umlilo onezigaba ezimbili. Ubuchwepheshe “60°C (kancane, kuze kufike ku-20% womswakama) → 120°C (ngokushesha, ukukhiya iphunga le-khestnut)” — ubuchwepheshe obakhiwe yizingcweti ze-Guīshān Cháchǎng, obungenazo izinto ezifana ncamashi phakathi kwamanye amatiye aluhlaza ase-Hubei.
Umbuso wokudayisa wedwa wakwaSong. Itiye laseMach’eng — lingelinye lamatiye ambalwa umlando wawo ohlanganisa isikhungo se-“Quèchá Shǐsī” (榷茶使司) — isigungu sikahulumeni sokulawula ukuhwebelana kwetiye kuphela, okufakazela ukubaluleka okungavamile komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sombuso.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

Ēnshī Yùlù (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): Kanti futhi ukhiqizwa e-Hubei, kodwa kusetshenziswa indlela yama-Japan yokuhwamulisa (蒸青) esikhundleni sokuwoshela. Ukunambitheka “kuhlaza” kakhudlwana, nge-umami; iphunga — lasolwandle, “olwelwe”. I-Guīshān Yánlǜ — itiye eliwoshiwe elinephunga le-khestnut elegqamile kanye nomzimba owugqinsi.
Xìnyáng Máojiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Ukhiqizwa esifundazweni esingumakhelwane sase-Henan, nakwezintaba ze-Dàbiéshān. Indawo efanayo, kodwa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile bokusonteka nokuwoshelwa. I-Máojiān — “eliqondile” kakhudlwana, elinoboya obugqamile kanye nohlaza olusha ephungeni. I-Guīshān — “iyindilinga” kakhudlwana futhi ene-khestnut.
Lúshān Yúnwù (庐山云雾, Lúshān Yúnwù): “Inkungu Elicinane le-Lúshān” — itiye elidumile elivela esifundazweni esingumakhelwane sase-Jiangxi. U-Dǒng Bìwǔ waqhathanisa i-Guīfēngshān ne-Lúshān. Zombili — amatiye “enkungu” asezintabeni eziphakeme, kodwa i-Lúshān Yúnwù inephunga “likabhontshisi” eligqamile (豆香), kanti i-Guīshān yikhestnut.
Huángshān Máofēng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máofēng): Itiye elivela e-Anhui, futhi likhiqizwa ohlelweni lwe-Dàbiéshān (ukuqhubeka okusempumalanga). Ukuphakama okufanayo kanye nenkungu. I-Máofēng — ilula kakhudlwana, inephunga lezimbali notshani kanye namanothi “ama-orchid”. I-Guīshān — iwugqinsi kakhudlwana, inesisekelo se-khestnut esigqamile.
Tàipíng Hóukuí (太平猴魁, Tàipíng Hóukuí): Itiye elinamacembe amakhulu elivela e-Anhui. Isimo esihluke ngokuphelele (amacembe amakhulu ayisicaba), kodwa umgomo wendawo ofanayo — inkungu yezintaba eziphakeme, umhlabathi omuncu. I-Hóukuí — “iyi-orchid”, inhle; i-Guīshān — “iqinile” kakhudlwana, inesakhiwo esigqamile.

Okokuphetha nje:

Máchéng Guī Shān Lǜchá — itiye, igama lalo elishiwo nguLù Yǔ, ukunambitheka kwalo kwabongwa uMbusi uTàizōng, udumo lwalo lwaqiniswa umguquli u-Dǒng Bìwǔ futhi isimo salo saqinisekiswa “abahlonishwayo abahlanu betiye bango-1980”. Izintambo ezicijile, eziqonde ezinephunga le-khestnut, “elikhiyelwe” umlilo onezigaba ezimbili — kusukela ku-60°C okuhamba kancane kuya ku-120°C okusheshayo — likhula “emhlane woFudu”, intaba i-Guīfēngshān, isimo sayo esingumfanekiso wokuphila isikhathi eside, imithambeka yayo njalo entwasahlobo igqamisa izigidi eziyishumi zama-azalea, kanti amanzi omthombo, ngokwezwi lika-Tàizōng, enza itiye libe “elingcono kakhulu ngaphansi kwezulu”. Ngo-4.36% wama-amino acid kanye no-17.69% wama-polyphenol, i-Guīshān Yánlǜ ingena esilinganisweni esiphelele sokunambitheka “okuwugqinsi nokusha” — kwalabo abazisa ukujula komlando nobumsulwa benkungu yezintaba enkomishini ngayinye.