Longji Hongcha

I-Longji Hongcha itiye elibomvu elivela esifundeni sezintaba sase-Longji (龙脊, “Iqolo Ledrago”) esifundeni sase-Longsheng, e-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Izithako ziyizinsika zomhlaba zasendle nezokwakhiwa kwezihlahla zetiye ezindala ezineminyaka ephakathi kwe-100 ne-500, ezikhula emithambekeni yamatshe aziwa kakhulu etiye e-Longji — elinye lamatshe athwebulayo kakhulu e-China. Leli tiye liyisibonelo esingavamile “setiye lasentabeni elivela ezihlahleni ezindala” (古树红茶, gǔshù hóngchá), lapho umhlaba wezihlahla zemvula esezintabeni eziphakeme, uhambisane nokuhluma okukhulu, kukhiqiza itiye elibomvu nokunambitha okujulile, okumboxo, kanye nephunga elincane lomgqwa.

1. Isigaba Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá) — eligcwele ngokuvuthisiwe/okulungiselwe.
• Isigaba: Amatiye abomvu esifunda saseShayina; itiye elibomvu lezihlahla ezindala (古树红茶, gǔshù hóngchá).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, i-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū); idolobha lase-Guilin (桂林市, Guìlín Shì); isifunda esizimele se-Longsheng (龙胜各族自治县, Lóngshèng Gèzú Zìzhìxiàn). Umkhakha omkhulu wokukhiqiza — idolobha lase-Longji (龙脊镇, Lóngjǐ Zhèn) kanye namadolobhana aseduze i-Jiangdijiang (江底乡, Jiāngdǐ Xiāng), i-Longsheng (龙胜镇, Lóngshèng Zhèn).
• Izixhumo zomhlaba: ≈ 25.8° N, 110.1° E (indawana yedolobha lase-Longji).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Umlando wokulinywa kwetiye ezintabeni zase-Longji wuseminyakeni eyinkulungwane. Ngokolwazi lwe-Baidu Baike kanye nemibiko yendawo, izihlahla zetiye zaqala ukutshalwa ngabantu bendawo abangamaZhuang (壮族, Zhuàngzú) namaYao (瑶族, Yáozú) emaphethelweni oBukhosi be-Song (宋朝, Sòng Cháo), lapho abahlali bezigodi zezintaba bedlulisa izihlahla zetiye ezinkulu zasendle zivela emahlathini ziyiswa ezingadini zabo. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwe-Qianlong (乾隆, Qiánlóng, 1735–1796) yoBukhosi be-Qing, itiye lase-Longji laba yithela yezandla zombuso (贡茶, gòngchá) — lokhu kufakazelwa yitshe eliqoshiwe elisethempelini lase-Duanzhai (段寨) edolobheni lase-Longji. Nokho, ingxenye enkulu yomlando, itiye lase-Longji lalikhiqizwa njengeliluhlaza. Itiye elibomvu (hóngchá) laqala ukwenziwa ngendlela emisiwe kusukela ezihlahleni zendawo kamuva kakhulu — ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-2010, ngesikhathi sokuthakazelwa okukhulayo emakethe ematiyeni abomvu avela ezihlahleni ezindala. Ngo-2014, esifundeni sase-Longsheng kwase kuvele ukwakhiwa kwezimboni zetiye eziyi-13, kanti indawo yokukhiqiza yayize efinyelela kumahektha ayi-2000. Ngo-2015, itiye lase-Longji labhaliswa yi-Ministry of Agriculture ye-PRC njengomkhiqizo onokuvikelwa kwesibonakaliso esima-graphical (农产品地理标志, nóngchǎnpǐn dìlǐ biāozhì).

  Ngo-2024, esifundeni sase-Longsheng kwakunezinkampani zetiye ezingaphezu kuka-40, kanti ezingaba ngamashumi amathathu zisebenza ngezithako zase-Longji. Ukukhiqizwa kwetiye elimile kwaba ngamathani angaphezu kuka-300, kuthi amathani angaba yikhulu avela emanzinatha ase-Longji (elibomvu kanye nelimnyama). Ingqikithi yamunyu wamatiye esifundeni ingaphezu kuka-13,000 mu (≈ 870 ha), kanti isamba somkhiqizo wamatiye safinyelela ezigidini eziyikhulu ze-yuan. Indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhangiseni itiye lase-Longji yadlalwa yindlalifa yesiko, u-Xie Fufu (谢福复, Xiè Fùfù), ohola inkampani i-“Longji Cha Wenhua Luyou Chanye” (龙脊茶文化旅游产业有限公司) futhi ekhuthaza ngamandla umkhiqizo ngaphandle “kwendawo encane yomhlaba” yase-Longsheng.

• Igama: “龙脊” (Lóngjǐ) — ngokwezwi nezwi “Iqolo Ledrago” — igama loxhaka lwezintaba kanye namatshe aziwa kakhulu etiye. Abahlali bendawo babiza amatshe asongekayo “njengomhlandla wedrago,” olele emafini. “红茶” (hóngchá) — itiye elibomvu. Igama eligcwele — “itiye elibomvu elivela eQolo Ledrago.”

• Okubalulekile ngokwamasiko: I-Longji Hongcha ixhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa namasiko emiphakathi yezintaba yase-Longsheng. Itiye lase-Longji lilingana nenye “yeezinto ezine eziyigugu zase-Longji” (龙脊四宝, Lóngjǐ Sì Bǎo) kanye namanzi, irayisi, newayini le-rayisi. Minyaka yonke kuba nefesithi yetiye lasendulo lase-Longji (龙脊古茶祭祀大典), okuhlanganisa iminikelo engokwesiko, ukukhombisa ukukhiqizwa kwendabuko okwenziwa ngesandla, kanye nemikhosi yetiye — le festinali iyingxenye yamagugu angabambeki avela esifundeni. Izihlahla zetiye zase-Longji aziwona umkhiqizo wokufuya, kodwa ziyizigwaca ezihle zasehlathini, okudinga ukukhuphuka esihlahleni ukuze kutholwe amaqabunga — lokhu kuhlukanisa ngokuyisisekelo itiye lase-Longji ku-“台地茶” (táidì chá — “itiye langa/lomabala”).

3. Incazelo Yezimila Nokudla Okukhiqiziwe:

• Uhlobo / Isithombo: Itiye elinamaqabunga amakhulu lase-Longji (龙脊大叶种, Lóngjǐ Dàyè Zhǒng), elibuye libizwe nge-Longsheng Longji Cha (龙胜龙脊茶). Ledingiswa eqenjini lezihlahla ezincane ezinamaqabunga amakhulu (小乔木大叶种, xiǎo qiáomù dàyè zhǒng) ze-Camellia sinensis. Libhalwe “Isichazamazwi Sesayensi Yetiye YaseShayina” (《中国茶学辞典》, Zhōngguó Cháxué Cídiǎn) njengeyinhlobo yomkhokheli ongama-28 othenjiwe wezihlahla zetiye zase-China. Izici: amandla amakhulu okuhlumisa, amathupha amakhulu asindayo, amaqabunga ajiyile anenyama. Izihlahla zikhula zize zifinyelele ku-5–9 m; ubudala bezibonelo ezindala kakhulu “zamakhosi etiye” (茶王, cháwáng) ezintabeni zase-Longji kungaphezu kweminyaka engama-500, kanti izihlahla ezineminyaka engaphezu kwe-150 zibalelwa ezingaphezu kwe-3000, ngokwezinye izilinganiso — ezingaphezu kwe-30,000 endaweni yonke yamatshe.
• Ukuvuna: Kanye ngonyaka kuphela — ngo-April–Meyi (isikhathi se-Qingming, 清明, ne-Guyu, 谷雨). Ukuvuna ngonyaka kungumgomo wabakhiqizi bendawo, oqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yokudla okukhiqiziwe kanye nomthelela omncane ekusebenzisaneni kwezindawo zezihlahla ezindala.
• Isimiso sokuqoqa: Ithumba elilodwa namaqabunga amabili (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè) — yisimiso esiyisisekelo. Emaqoqweni aphezulu — ithumba elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè).
• Izidingo zokudla okukhiqiziwe: Amaqabunga aqoqwa kuphela ezihlahleni zetiye eziyizihlahla (hhayi ezimila emahlathini); ukudla okukhiqiziwe kufanele kube kusha, kuphelele, futhi kuqoqwe ngesandla.

4. Umhlaba kanye Nezici Zokukhulisa:

• Ukuphakama: 800–1000 m nangaphezulu — indawo enkulu yamatiye. Ezinye izihlahla zasendle zitholakala ekuphakameni okungafika ku-1200 m.
• Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile lingu-18.1°C. Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa siphakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-314. Imvula yonyaka ingu-1500–2400 mm. I-radiation yonyaka yelanga ingu-1223.3 amahora kuphela — iphansi kakhulu njenge-subtropical lokhu kubangwa amafu nokungafani kwamaqhwa. Umswami womoya ohlobene cishe ungama-82%. Umehluko ophawulekayo emazingeni okushisa phakathi kobusuku nobusuku. Isifunda sinonya oluthi “晴日早晚遍野茶，阴雨连天满山云” — “Ngosuku olucacile ekuseni nakusihlwa — amasimu etiye afika emkhathini, emvuleni nasemafini — izintaba zitshuza emafini.”
• Umhlabathi: Acidic encane (pH 5.8–6.9), ojulile, okhululekile, onokudla okusezingeni eliphezulu. Umhlabathi wezintaba omiwe ngamakhulu eminyaka ngamaqabunga awo.
• Imithombo yamanzi: Isifunda sase-Longsheng sidluliswa yimifula ezingaphezu kuka-480; umfudlane wamanzi omkhulu — umfudlana i-Xunjiang (浔江, Xúnjiāng). Amaphuzu amanzi ahlanzekile ngokuphelele — azikho izimboni ezinkulu, akukho kukhishwa kwezinyosi ezinzima.
• Amasu okulima: Izihlahla zetiye ezindala azifuywa ngendlela yendabuko — zikhula esimweni sasehlathini esingesona esigcwele ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamakhemikhali kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane eyenziwayo. Isimiso sokuphilisana sasehlathini sesintu sinekela ukuvikela izilokazane kanye nokondliwa ngamaqabunga wekhulu leminyaka. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngesandla, kaningi kudinga ukukhuphuka ezihlahleni. Amapulazi amaningi enza umsebenzi wokwakha iziteshi zokulondoloza isizinda sokuphila sezinhlobo zetiye zase-Longji kanye nokutshala izigodi ezitsha zokwandisa ukukhiqiza.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Longji Hongcha yenziwa ngobuchwepheshe bendabuko be-gongfu yetiye elibomvu, obushintshelwe ekubhekelweni kwezithako zamaqabunga amakhulu avela ezihlahleni ezindala.

• Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuqoqwa ngesandla kusuka ezihlahleni zetiye eziyizihlahla; ukukhethwa kwamahlumela amancane asezingeni “ithumba + amaqabunga angu-1–2”.
• Ukwenza buthakathaka (萎凋, wěidiāo): Amaqabunga amasha andlalwa emthunzini emaphalethini oqalo ukuze kubanguke ubuthakathaka kwemvelo. Isikhathi siphakathi kwamahora angu-12–20 kuye ngesimo sezulu. Iqabunga elikhulu elinenyama yomhlobo wase-Longji lidinga ubuthakathaka obubanzi kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amancane. Injongo — ukwehlisa umswakama kufika ku-60–64%, ukuthambisa isakhiwo samangqamuzana.
• Ukuqoqa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Iqabunga elithambekile liqoqwa — kucekelwa phansi izindonga zamangqamuzana, kukhishwe umthwebuli. Ezithakweni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu, kusetshenziswa ubunzima obulingeneyo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphuka kweqabunga.
• Ukuvuthwa/ukuxutshwa komoya (发酵, fājiào): Iqabunga eliqoqiwe lifakwa izendlalelo endaweni efudumele enomswakama. Ukuxutshwa komoya kwenzeka kuze kufinyelele ekuphumeleni okuphelele kwephunga lobuhlalu kanye nokuvela kwephunga elizinzile lobusi nesithelo. Iqabunga lithola umbala obomvu oyithusi.
• Ukomisa/ukufudumeza (烘干, hōnggān): Ukuqinisa iphrofayili ngomoya oshisayo noma kuma-racks eqalo emakhaleni. Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa ukushunqisa okuncane ngezinti zomphayini (efana nobuchwepheshe be-Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong), okunikeza itiye iphunga elincane lomgqwa — lokhu kuyisici esivelele seziqephu ezithile ze-Longji Hong Cha.
• Ukuhlunga (分级, fēnjí): Ukwehlukanisa iziqephu, ukulahla amaqabunga anezinkinga.

6. Izici Zokuzwa:

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga etiye amakhulu, aqoqwe ngokuqinile anesakhiwo esiphawulekayo “esisontekile” (紧结, jǐnjié). Umbala — onsundu omnyama onombala obomvu. Izindebe zegolide ziyabonakala kodwa zincane kakhulu kunamatiye amancane e-gongfu — lokhu kubangelwa uhlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elijulile, elifudumele — ubusi, amantongomane, izithelo ezomile. Eziphendulweni ezithile — iphunga elincane lomgqwa kanye nokunuka kwe-coniferous, okuhlobene nokukhethekile kwendawo yasehlathini.
• Iphunga lokuswela: Linamandla futhi linezendlalelo eziningi. I-wave yokuqala — ubusi obunoshukela obunezihibe zezithelo ezomile (usuku, izithelo ezomisiwe); eyesibili — amanothi ajulile okhuni namanothi wamantongomane; ekugcineni — iphunga elifudumele, elincane lomgqwa “lasehlathini”. Iphunga lihlala isikhathi eside ezindongeni zendebe.
• Ukunambitha: Kujulile, kugcwele emzimbeni, kunesimo sokuphamba — lokhu kuyisici esejwayele samatiye avela ezihlahleni ezindala ezinamaqabunga amakhulu. Ubumnandi obuhlanzekile buhambisana nokukrakra okuthambile kanye nokunambitheka kwensimbi encane. Ukunambitheka okuqhubekayo kunesikhathi eside, kudumaza, kunamanothi obusi lwekheshini. Ukunambitha “kunomthamo” futhi kujulile kunamatiye abomvu asemapulazini esifunda esifanayo.
• Umbala wokufakwa: Kusuka e-amber kuye ekhestinwini elibomvu, okubonakalayo, okukhanyayo, okunomphetho osagolide.
• Iqabunga letiye (iqabunga elifakwe emanzini): Amaqabunga amakhulu, avulekile; umbala — ubunzima bekhobri, ongagudluki. Amaqabunga anenyama, ayabalwa, aphelele — uphawu lokuqoqwa ngesandla nokucutshungulwa ngokucophelela.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Amapholifenoli: Izithako ezivela ezihlahleni ezindala ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ngokuvamile ziqukethe izinga eliphezulu lama-polyphenol uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlahla ezinamaqabunga amancane. Phakathi nokuxutshwa okuphelele komoya, amacatechin ashintsha abe yi-theaflavin ne-thearubigin, akhe umzimba ojiyile kanye nombala obomvu-amber wokufakwa.
• Ama-amino acid: I-L-theanine namanye ama-amino acid — okuqukethwe kukhuphuka ngenxa yokukhula emthunzini wamahlathi ezintabeni kanye nokuvuna konyaka okukodwa (isihlahla siqoqa izakhi zonyaka wonke).
• Ama-alkaloid: I-Caffeine — okuqukethwe ezithakweni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ngokuvamile kuphakeme kunezinamaqabunga amancane (cishe 3.5–5%); i-theobromine, i-theophylline — ngamanqanaba amancane.
• Amavithamini: Amavithamini eqembu B, amanqanaba amancane kavithamini C, i-rutin (ivithamini P).
• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-selenium. Umhlabathi wezintaba zase-Longji, wonakalisiwe ngamakhulu eminyaka ngamahlamvu ajiyile, uqinisekisa okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-microelement.
• Amafutha abalulekile kanye nezixube eziguqukayo: Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-alcohol e-terpenoid (i-linalool, i-geraniol, i-nerol), ama-aldehyde, imikhiqizo yokusabela kwe-Maillard. Isimo sasehlathini sezihlahla ezindala siletha amanothi angavamile “asehlathini” kanye nawokhuni, angavamile kumatiye abomvu asemapulazini.

8. Izizathu Zezempilo:

• Ukuthobeka okuthambile: Izinga eliphezulu le-caffeine elihlanganiswe ne-L-theanine linikeza umphumela ovamile kodwa ohlangeneyo wokuthokozisa — amandla ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.
• Umsebenzi wokulwa ne-oxidant: Izinga eliphezulu lama-polyphenol linikeza ukuvikela okuqinile kwe-antioxidant.
• Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Itiye elibomvu elivela ezihlahleni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ngokwendabuko lithathwa njengelibalulekile ekugayeni ukudla ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphakeme kwama-tannin.
• Umphumela wokudumaza: Ngokwendabuko yaseShayina, itiye elibomvu elivela ezihlahleni ezindala lilingana nemikhiqizo “yemvelo efudumele” — lidumaza, lithuthukise ukuhamba kwe-qi negazi.
• Imisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine ithuthukisa ukuphumula kanye nokugxila okuthuthukisiwe.
• Ukudla okune-mineral: Ngenxa yokwakheka okucebile kwamaminerali emhlabathini wamahlathi ezintabeni, itiye liqukethe i-potassium, i-magnesium, ne-manganese eningi — izakhi ezibalulekile ohlelweni lwezinzwa, izicubu zamathambo, kanye nokushintshana kwamandla.
• Isimo sesikhumba: Izici ze-antioxidant zama-polyphenol zihlanganiswe namavithamini eqembu B ziyesekela impilo yesikhumba, zibambe iqhaza ekwehliseni ingcindezi ye-oxidative.
• Ukusekela amasosha omzimba: I-Zinc ne-selenium eziqukethwe eqabungeni letiye ngenxa yengcebo yemaminerali yomhlabathi wamahlathi ezintabeni zifaka isandla ekugcineni umsebenzi wamasosha omzimba.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95°C.
• Inani leitye: 5–6 g kumlilitha angu-100–120 (indlela ye-gongfu). Itiye lamaqabunga amakhulu avela ezihlahleni ezindala lingase lidideke kancane kuneqabunga elincane.
• Izitsha: I-Gaiwan (盖碗) yepotcelain — ukuvuleka kwevumba okukhulu. I-Yixing teapot — inikeza ukuthamba okwengeziwe nokujula. I-Glass teapot — ivumela ukubonwa kokuvuleka kwamaqabunga amakhulu.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo.
  2. Thela itiye, uphefumule iphunga leqabunga elifudumele.
  3. Ukuhlamba — ukuhlanza okusheshayo (amasekhondi angu-2-3), lahla. Kwitiyi enamaqabunga amakhulu eqoqwe ngokuqinile, kuhle ukuyihlanza: “ivusa” iqabunga.
  4. Ukuhlanza kokuqala: amasekhondi angu-10-12.
  5. Ukuhlanza kwesibili kuya kwesine: amasekhondi angu-10-15.
  6. Kusukela ekuhlanzeni kwesihlanu — andisa isikhathi ngamasekhondi angu-5-15.
  7. I-Longji Hong Cha esezingeni eliphezulu evela ezithakweni zasendulo imelana nokuhlanza okuyisi-8-12, ivuleka kancane kancane amanothi amantongomane nawokhuni ajulile.

10. Ukugcina:

• Isiqukathi esivaliwe, esingabonakali; indawo eyomile, emnyama, epholile; izinga lokushisa lingu-15–25°C.
• Isikhathi esihle sokusetshenziswa — izinyanga eziyisi-12 kuya kwezingu-24. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-extractive, amaqoqo asezingeni avela ezithakweni zasendulo angagcinwa futhi “avuthiwe” iminyaka engu-2-3, ethola iphrofayili ethambile, eyindilinga.
• Musa ukugcina efrijini futhi kude nemikhiqizo enephunga elinamandla.

11. Intengo Nokukhohlisa:

• Isigaba sentengo: I-Longji Hongcha evela ezithakweni zasendulo zangempela iyimikhiqizo engavamile futhi ebiza kakhulu: cishe ama-yuan angu-200–500+ kumagremu angu-500 ngamaqoqo ajwayelekile, aze afinyelele ezinkulungwaneni zamayuan ngamaqoqo aphezulu avela ezihlahleni “zamakhosi” etiye. Intengo inqunywa ubudala bezihlahla, ukuphakama abakhulele kuzo, isimiso sokuqoqa, kanye nomthamo weqoqo (ngokuqoqwa konyaka okukodwa, amavolumu mancane).
• Ungagwema kanjani amakhoho:
  1. Thenga kubakhiqizi abagunyaziwe besifunda sase-Longsheng. Ukuba khona kwesibonakaliso esinesibonakaliso esisemthethweni “龙脊茶” (AGI2015-02-1699) kuyisisulu esiyisihluthulelo.
  2. Hlaziya iqabunga: amaqabunga etiye amakhulu, aphelele, aqoqwe ngokuqinile — uphawu lwethako lakudala; iqabunga elincane, eliphukile elinothuli oluningi — uphawu lwetiye langomhlane.
  3. Hlola iphunga: itiye elivela ezihlahleni ezindala linephunga elijulile, “elinomthamo” elinamanothi asehlathini; okulingisayo kwangomhlane — kuyisicaba futhi kuyiqiniso elilodwa.
  4. Hlaziya iqabunga elifakwe emanzini: amaqabunga amakhulu, anenyama, aphelele — itiye langempela lasendulo; amaqabunga amancane, amancanyana — okungelona iqiniso.
  5. Qaphela umkhiqizo othengiswa ngaphansi komkhiqizo “龙脊古树红茶” ngenani eliphansi ngendlela esolisayo — umthamo wangempela wokukhiqiza ulinganiselwe.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

• I-Longji Hong Cha ngokwezwi nezwi “itiye eliqoqwa esihlahleni”: abaqoqi begibela iziqu zamagatsha ukuze bafinyelele ekuphakameni okungamakhilomitha ambalwa ukuze bathole izindlebe ezithambile. Lokhu kwenza inqubo yokuqoqa ibe nzima futhi ibe nengozi ngezinga elithile.
• Ezintabeni zase-Longji kukhona “itiye lamaqabunga eli-king” (茶王) elineminyaka engaphezu kuka-500. Ngokolwazi lwezinkampani zetiye zendawo, izihlahla ezineminyaka engaphezu kwe-150 zibalelwa ezingaphezu kwe-3000, kanti ngokwezilinganiso zika-2025, zingaphezu kwe-30,000 endaweni yonke yamatshe.
• Esikhathini se-Qing, abalimi bendawo baqinisekisa isimo setiye lase-Longji njengomnikelo wenkundla ngenxa yetshe eliqoshiwe, abanye babahlali, u-Pan Tianhong (潘天红), alithwala emhlane wakhe bevula ehhovisi likahulumeni lase-Guilin — itshe eliqoshiwe eliqukethe isinqumo senkantolo esivikela ilungelo labalimi lokuhweba ngetiye ngokukhululekile lisese dolobhaneni kuze kube namuhla (lashaywa ngesikhathi sika-Xianfeng).
• Itiye lase-Longji lingenye “yezinto ezine eziyigugu” (“四宝”) zase-Longji — kanye ne-rayisi, amanzi, newayini le-rayisi.
• Indawo yokukhiqiza i-Longji Hong Cha ihambelana nendawo yamatshe aziwa kakhulu emhlabeni e-Longji (龙脊梯田), abhaliswe kwirejista yamagugu abalulekile wokulima — itiye ne-rayisi kuhlalisanise amakhulu eminyaka endaweni eyodwa.
• Ngo-2020, indlalifa yesiko u-Xie Fufu waqala ukuthuthukisa isiqondiso “sokupheka kwetiye” (茶膳, chá shàn) — izitsha ezinamaqabunga etiye lase-Longji: inkukhu yomkhandi-ngcaphezi enetiye, amasaladi aneqabunga letiye. Lokhu kusiza ukukhangisa itiye phakathi kwabavakashi abavakashela amabala minyaka yonke (abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.15 ngo-2024).
• Itiye lase-Longji lingelinye lamatiye ambalwa e-China lapho ukukhuphuka esihlahleni kubalulekile — abaqoqi bendawo basebenzisa ikhono lokukhuphuka ematsheni ngesiqu sesihlahla setiye, okwenza umsebenzi wokuqoqa itiye e-Longji ube ngokomzimba oyingqayizivele.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Abomvu Ahlahlweni Ezindala:

• Dian Hong Gu Shu (滇红古树, Diānhóng Gǔshù): Itiye elibomvu lezihlahla ezindala lase-Yunnan (C. sinensis var. assamica). Ngokuvamile linamandla amakhulu, line-malt, linezindebe zegolide ezigqamile. I-Longji Hongcha — ibuthakathaka kakhudlwana, ithambile, inamanothi “asehlathini” aqokile kanye nokujula okuncane kobumnandi.
• Yihong Gongfu (宜红工夫, Yíhóng Gōngfū): Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu elijwayelekile lase-Hubei elisuselwa ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga amancane. Lihluke ngokusobala ku-Longji: linomqulu omncane, linephunga lobusi eligqamile, kanti “ukujula” nokucacisa kuncane. I-Yihong — “eyasezindaweni zasemadolobheni”, eqondile; i-Longji — “eyentabeni”, yemvelo.
• Jiuceng Shan Hong Cha (九层山红茶): Itiye elibomvu laseTaiwan elivela ezihlahleni ezindala. Liyacatshangelwa ngokuqondene nomqondo (ukudla okukhiqiziwe okusendle, ukuqoqwa okulinganiselwe), kodwa lihluke ngezindawo ezihluke ngokuphelele kanye namanothi ezimbali agqamile.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Longji Hongcha ingelinye lamatiye abomvu ahluke kakhulu e-China: ngemuva kwawo wonke amaqabunga kukhona ukuhlala ndawonye kwabantu namahlathi ezintabeni “zeQolo Ledrago” okwenzeka ngamakhulu eminyaka. Ukunambitheka okujulile, okumboxo okunamanothi asehlathini nawamantongomane, amaqabunga amakhulu anenyama aqoqwa kanye ngonyaka ezihlahleni ezindala — konke lokhu kwenza i-Longji Hongcha ibe yitiyi lokuphuza okungaphushi, okucatshangwayo. Iyobaheha abathandi abafuna okunye okungafani namatiye abomvu e-gushu ase-Yunnan futhi bafuna ukwazi isiko letiye elingaziwa kangako kodwa elibukhali lezintaba zase-Guangxi.