Lóngfēng chá

I-Long Feng cha (Lóngfēng chá 龙峰茶) itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe elivela esifundeni sase-Zhuxi (Zhúxī 竹溪) enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hubei, elibonakala ngeqabunga elisongwe ngokuqinile elinencam ecacile kanye nephunga elimsulwa eliphakeme, okuyisici sezindawo zezintaba “ezinephunga elimnandi” zakule ndawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: itiye eliluhlaza, eligazingiwe (chǎoqīng 炒青).
• Isigaba: itiye eliluhlaza “elinodumo futhi elingcono kakhulu” (名优) lesigaba semakethe “sansuku zonke - esimaphakathi” (口粮-中).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (è 鄂 — igama elifushane lendabuko lesifundazwe), isifunda sase-Zhuxi (Zhúxī 竹溪), ikhona lasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hubei — indawo “yebhande lephunga eliphakeme lasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hubei” (鄂西北高香区). “Ikheli” eliyinhloko laleli tiye yintaba i-Longwangya (Lóngwángyà 龙王垭), eyanikeza lesi sitayela ukuqashelwa kanye negama ngokomqondo wendawo wemvelaphi “yezintaba”.
• Izinhlobo / I-Cultivar: izinhlobo zendawo ezixubile (群体种, qúntǐ zhǒng) kanye nezinhlobo ezikhethiwe zochungechunge lwe-”E-cha” (è chá 鄂茶) — imigqa yokukhetha enconyelwe izimo zase-Hubei.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: I-Long Feng cha iyingxenye yomndeni wamatiye aluhlaza “anodumo” esimanje asenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hubei, isithunzi sawo esakhiwe eduze kwentaba i-Longwangya e-Zhuxi kanye nombono “webhande lephunga eliphakeme”. Ngokungafani namatiye anomlando “wentela” waseTang — njenge-Caihua Maojian (采花毛尖), ehlotshaniswa ngokomlando nesifunda sase-Xiazhou-Yiling (峡州夷陵) — nge-Long Feng cha umthombo awuqophi izikhombo zasendulo zombuso, ngakho-ke kufaneleka ukuyichaza njengophawu lwezintaba lwesifunda, oluncike ekukhiqizweni komhlaba wase-Zhuxi kanye nokwakheka kweqabunga okubonakalayo.
• Umongo wamasiko: konke ukuhlukahluka kwetiye eliluhlaza lase-Hubei — kusukela “emfucumfucwini ophilayo” oshiswe ngesitimu i-Enshi Yulu (恩施玉露) kuya “kumasiko etiye” obuDao eNtabeni i-Wudang (武当道茶). I-Long Feng cha ithatha indawo yayo kulokhu kuhlukahluka njenge-chǎoqīng yezintaba eqotho — itiye eliphuzwa nsuku zonke kodwa elisagcina izinga “lokuqashelwa” lokuvuna kwasekuqaleni.

4. Indawo Yokutshala kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

• Indawo: I-Zhuxi isekhoneni elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hubei, endaweni “yebhande lephunga eliphakeme lasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hubei” (鄂西北高香区). Indawo inezintaba, amasimu akhuphuka emithambekeni. Ngasempumalanga — ibhande lezintaba lase-Yichang ne-Caihua Maojian (采花毛尖) kanye ne-Dengcun lücha (邓村绿茶), enyakatho — “isiko letiye” lobuDao eNtabeni i-Wudang e-Shiyan (武当道茶).
• Umumo wendawo yokutshala: ukuphakama okuphezulu, inkungu evamile kanye nokuhluka okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku kubambezela ukukhula kwegatsha, kugcine izinhlanganisela zephunga kanye nama-amino acid eqabungeni futhi kuvimbele ukuqoqeka kwama-polyphenol amabi. Kusukela lapha kuqhamuka umgomo wokuvuna kusenesikhathi kanye nethoni “ephakeme” emsulwa (高香) enkomishini.
• Ukuvuna: ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kwe-Qingming (míngqián 明前) — kumabanga aphezulu; lokhu kubeka itiye esigabeni samatiye aluhlaza “anodumo futhi angcono kakhulu” (名优).
• Izinhlobo ezivumelana nendawo: akuyona i-clone “yophawu” olulodwa, kodwa isisekelo esiphilayo sezitshalo zendawo nezifundazwe zochungechunge lwe-”E-cha”, esilungiselelwe indawo enamagquma yasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hubei; ukutshala okuxubile kunikeza ubunkimbinkimbi nokuzinza kokunambitheka futhi kubekezelela isimo sezulu sezintaba, ukutshala kwezinhlobo ezikhethiwe kwengeza ubushelelezi bezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokubikezelwa kwesivuno.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ngokwendlela yokuqinisa, i-Long Feng cha iyi-chǎoqīng (炒青), itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe. Lokhu kuwumehluko oyisisekelo “enkanyezini” yomkhondo wase-Hubei — i-Enshi Yulu (恩施玉露), okuwukuphela kwetiye eliluhlaza elifana nezinaliti elishiswe ngesitimu (zhēngqīng 蒸青) esele e-China. Ngokungafani nokuqiniswa kwesitimu, okunikeza “okuluhlaza okuthathu” nethoni ye-jade, ukugazingwa ebhodweni elishisayo kwakha irejista efudumele, enephunga lokugazinga kanye neqabunga eliminyene, elisongekile.

Umqondo ojwayelekile wetiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe:

• Ukuvunwa kwegatsha elithambile lakuqala (kumabanga aphezulu — ngaphambi kwe-Qingming).
• Ukushisisa / ukwandlala kweqabunga elisha ukuze kwehle kancane umswakama futhi kulinganise.
• Ukuqiniswa (shāqīng 杀青) ebhodweni elishisayo — ukuyekiswa kwe-oxidation ye-enzymatic, ukuqiniswa kombala oluhlaza kanye “nokwethulwa” kwephunga.
• Ukusongwa (揉捻) — ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esiminyene seqabunga kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwencithakalo.
• Ukubunjwa kanye nokomiswa kuze kufinyelelwe esimweni esiminyene-esisontekile esinencam ecacile.

Isici esiyinhloko esisemthethweni setiye eselilungile — “lisongwe ngokuqinile, linencam evelele” (紧结显锋苗): amaqabunga aqinile, anemikhonto-mikhonto eneziqhoboshi ezicijile (fēngmiáo 锋苗), hhayi ayisicaba futhi hhayi anoboya obuningi. Lena inkomba esebenzayo, okuyiyona ehlukanisa i-Long Feng cha ngokubukeka.

6. Izici Zomzwelo:

• Isimo seqabunga: amaqabunga aqinile, asongwe ngokuqinile anencam ecacile ecijile (锋苗) — hhayi iqabunga eliyisicaba “eliluhlaza kodwa alisontekile” futhi hhayi ukusongeka “okunoboya obuningi”.
• Iphunga kanye nokunambitheka: “iphunga eliphakeme” le-chǎoqīng yasezintabeni — emsulwa, ezwakala ngokucacile, enesisekelo esisha-esisagazingiwe, esiyisici sokuqiniswa kokugazinga, kanye nobungqabavu obulethwa ukuvuna kusenesikhathi kanye nendawo yokuphakama. Kumatiye aluhlaza asezintabeni zase-Hubei, ukuhlangana kobusha nokunambitheka okumnandi okuncane ngemuva kuyinto evamile.

9. Ukugalela:

Izinkombandlela ezisebenzayo — ezijwayelekile kumatiye aluhlaza athambile agazingiwe:

• Amanzi: athambile, apholiswe acishe abe ngu-80 – 85 °C; amanzi abilayo “ayawuthosa” amaqabunga athambile kusenesikhathi futhi enze iphunga libe lihlabayo.
• Isitsha: ingilazi noma i-gàiwǎn 盖碗 — ingilazi ivumela ukubuka ukuvuleka “kwemikhonto” ecacile.
• Umthamo: cishe u-3 g ku-150 ml.
• Indlela: kwezithako ezithambile, indlela “yokugalela phezulu” (amacembe phezu kwamanzi) noma ukuphalaza okufushane kusebenza kahle; ukufakwa kokuqala kufushane, isikhathi sandiswa kancane kancane.
• Ukugalela kabusha: iqabunga elisongwe ngokuqinile elinencam livuleka kancane kancane futhi limelana nokugalelwa kabusha okuningana.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhohlisi:

• Isigaba: ekuhlelekeni kwamatiye aluhlaza ase-Hubei, i-Long Feng cha ayibekwa “njengephezulu” njenge-Enshi Yulu noma “isigaba esiphezulu” njenge-Caihua Maojian, kodwa njengetiye lezintaba lezinga elihle lansuku zonke neliphakathi nendawo — elinesilinganiso esihle sentengo, iphunga elihle, kanye nokutholakala kalula.
• Izinga: umthombo awuvezi inombolo ethile yezinga likahulumeni (GB/T) ye-Long Feng cha, ngakho-ke ayibhalwanga ngamabomu; kufanele kubhekiselwe ezidingweni ezijwayelekile zamatiye aluhlaza agazingiwe esigaba “esinodumo” kanye nasekuhlelweni kwezigaba ngenkathi yokuvuna (míngqián njengenkomba ephakeme kakhulu).
• Indlela yokuhlukanisa:
  • Ku-Enshi Yulu (恩施玉露): I-Yulu itiye elifana nezinaliti elishiswe ngesitimu (zhēngqīng) elinethoni “yokuluhlaza okuthathu” okuluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo; i-Long Feng cha igazingiwe (chǎoqīng), inephunga elifudumele lokugazinga kanye nesimo esihlukile, esisongwe ngokuqinile.
  • Ku-Caihua Maojian (采花毛尖): womabili amatiye aluhlaza agazingiwe avela e-Hubei, kodwa i-Caihua evela ebhandeni lezintaba lase-Yichang ibekwe phezulu ngesigaba futhi yaziwa ngeqabunga elicolekile, elifanayo, elinoboya; i-Long Feng cha — evela e-Zhuxi, isongwe ngokuqinile futhi igcizelela isimo “sencam” (锋苗), isigaba esiphakathi nendawo sansuku zonke.
  • Ngesimo: bheka amaqabunga aqinile, asongwe ngokuqinile anencam ecacile ecijile, hhayi iqabunga eliyisicaba “eliluhlaza kodwa alisontekile” futhi hhayi ukusongeka “okunoboya obuningi”.
  • Ngekheli: I-Long Feng cha yeqiniso ixhunywe ne-Zhuxi kanye nentaba i-Longwangya enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hubei — lena “iphasiphothi” yayo yendawo yokutshala.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• I-Long Feng cha iyisibonelo esihle sokuthi isifunda sezintaba esisodwa sakha kanjani itiye laso eliluhlaza eliqashelwayo: ukuqiniswa kokugazinga, ukuvuna kusenesikhathi endaweni ephakeme, kanye neqabunga eliminyene elinencam kuhlangana kube yiphunga eliphakeme elimsulwa, okuyikho okwenza i-Zhuxi ibe indawo ebonakalayo emabalazweni yetiye eliluhlaza lase-Hubei.