ULung Feng Xia Gaoshan Wulong

Inhlahlandlela ye-oolong yasezintabeni eziphakeme zaseTaiwan evela esigodini seDragon neFeniksi — indawo ephakeme kakhulu futhi ehlonilwe kakhulu esifundeni setiye saseShan Lin Xi (杉林溪, Shānlínxī). Ikhiqizwe nge-cultivar ehloniphekile uQing Xin (青心, Qīng Xīn) endaweni ekhuphuka kuze kufike ezingu-1800 m, leli tiye lihlanganisa umqondo we-shan qi (山氣, shān qì) — “amandla ezintaba” akhiwa yinhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yenkungu, amahlathi e-cedar, nomhlabathi onomgqumo wentaba-mlilo enkabeni yeTaiwan. Itiye laseLung Feng Xia lamukelwa njengengqikithi yomugqa weShan Lin Xi futhi lixabiswa ngenxa yokucwebana okumsulwa kokunambitheka kwalo, ubumaminerali obugqamile, kanye nophawu olupholile lwe-cedar.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: I-Oolong yasezintabeni eziphakeme (高山烏龍, gāo shān wūlóng), i-oxidized kancane (10–20% oxidation), ngaphandle kokuvuthwa noma okuncane nje. Iyingxenye ye-qing xiang (清香型, qīng xiāng xíng) — ama-oolong “anephunga elimsulwa”.
Isigaba: Ama-oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme aseTaiwan (臺灣高山茶, Táiwān gāo shān chá). ETaiwan, amatiye atshalwa ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000 ngenhla kwezinga lolwandle abizwa ngokuthi “Gaoshan cha” (高山茶) — “itiye lezintaba eziphakeme”. ILung Feng Xia iphakathi kwezindawo ezintathu ezihlonishwa kakhulu ezintabeni eziphakeme kanye ne-Alishan (阿里山, Ālǐshān) ne-Lishan (梨山, Líshān).
Imvelaphi: ITaiwan, isifunda saseNantou (南投縣, Nántóu xiàn), ilokishi laseZhushan (竹山鎮, Zhúshān zhèn), indawo yaseShan Lin Xi (杉林溪, Shānlínxī), isiqhingi esincane seLung Feng Xia (龍鳳峽, Lóng Fèng Xiá). ILung Feng Xia iyingxenye ephakeme kakhulu yendawo yetiye yaseShan Lin Xi futhi itholakala ethafeni elingaphezulu lesigodi, elizungezwe amahlathi e-cedar amadala. Izindawo ezingomakhelwane zihlanganisa iYangziwan (羊仔灣, Yángzǎiwān) neShitouhu (獅頭湖, Shītóuhú), ezaziwa ngetiye elihle.
Izinhlanganisela zokuma kwezwe: Cishe u-23°40′ N, 120°42′ E. Amasimu atshalwe emithambekeni evalekile eseningizimu-mpumalanga ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1400–1800 ngenhla kwezinga lolwandle, ebheke esiqongweni esikhulu sozimpingo lweYushan (玉山, Yùshān).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwezamasiko:

Umlando: Ngokomlando, indawo yaseShan Lin Xi yayiyizingqongqo zezintaba eziminyene, ezigqitshwe amahlathi owesihlahla i-cedar ne-cypress. Ngesikhathi sekholoni, le ndawo yayisebenza njengengxenye esenyakatho yokugawulwa kwamahlathi e-Alishan (阿里山林場, Ālǐshān línchǎng), futhi yayisendleleni edumile yokuhamba ngezinyawo iXia (溪阿縱走, Xī-Ā zòng zǒu) eyayihlanganisa iXitou ne-Alishan. Ngo-1973, usomabhizinisi uLiu Anding (劉安定, Liú Āndìng) wasungula inkampani “Shan Lin Xi Recreation Business Co., Ltd.”, waqasha cishe amahektha angu-34 omhlaba kuhulumeni, futhi watshala imali ekwandiseni umgwaqo wehlathi osuka eXitou uya eShan Lin Xi, edala “Umgwaqo Omkhulu Wezimpawu Zokubhula Eziyishumi Nambili” (十二生肖公路, Shí’èr shēngxiào gōnglù) — manje osewumgwaqo wesifunda iTou-95 (投95鄉道). Ukutshalwa kwamasimu etiye kwaqala maphakathi nawo-1970, lapho abalimi bendawo yaseZhushan, ababekade betsahala u-bamboo mengzong (孟宗竹, mèngzōng zhú) nezitshalo zokudla, beqaphela izimo ezinhle zokutshala itiye. Amasimu okuqala atshalwa cishe ngonyaka we-1976–1980, ngesikhathi “umkhuhlane wetiye eliphezulu” laseTaiwan unxusa abalimi ukuthi bafinyelele emithambekeni enzima kakhulu. Ngawo-2000, ukukhetha kunambitheka emakethe yaseTaiwan kwasuka kuma-oolong avuthwe kakhulu kuya kumatiye e-oxidation elula, futhi itiye lekhwalithi elivela eLung Feng Xia lathola indawo njengelinye lama-oolong aphakeme kakhulu esiqhingini. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeka ngo-September 21, 1999 (九二一大地震, Jiǔ’èryī dà dìzhèn) abesikhulu esikhulu sika-7.3 kwalimaza kabi ingqalasizinda yesifunda: imigwaqo yezintaba yagqitshwa ukudilika kwenhlabathi, indawo yaseAnding (安定彎, Āndìng wān) yavalwa yitshe elikhulu, futhi abasebenzi nezivakashi ezingaphezu kuka-300 endaweni yokuphumula bahlukana nezwe langaphandle. Indawo yaseShan Lin Xi yahlala ivaliwe cishe iminyaka emine, kwaze kwaba ngu-2003 lapho kwavulwa khona umhume waseAnding (安定隧道, Āndìng suìdào) obude bamamitha angu-643, oqanjwe ngomsunguli wendawo yokuphumula. Ukubuyiselwa kwakhuthaza amapulazi amaningi ukuba asebenzise izindlela zokulima eziphilayo nokunakekela indawo yezintaba ngokucophelela.
Igama: Igama lendawo elithi “Lung Feng Xia” (龍鳳峽) lihunyushwa ngokwezwi nezwi ngokuthi “Isigodi SeDragon NeFeniksi”. Uhlamvu olithi’ 龍 (lóng) — dragon — lumelela ubulili besilisa, i-Yang, namandla obukhosi; u’ 鳳 (fèng) — iphuphu (feng huang, 鳳凰, fènghuáng) — umelela ubulili besifazane, i-Yin, ubuhle, nobuhle. Izihlandla ezimbili zihlangene zenza isethi yendabuko, okumelela ukuvumelana nokulingana okuphelele kwamandla aphikisanayo. Uhlamvu olithi’ 峽 (xiá) lusho “isigodi, umhosha”, okubonisa ukuma komhlaba okuyisici — isigodi esijulile sezintaba esinemithambeka ephakeme. Igama elithi “Shan Lin Xi” (杉林溪) lihunyushwa ngokwezwi nezwi ngokuthi “Umfudlana Wehlathi Le-Cedar,” kodwa ezindaweni ezikhuluma isiNgisi, ukuhunyushwa ngemisindo okuthi Sun Link Sea — “Ilanga Lihlanganisa Ulwandle,” kudala umfanekiso wobunkondlo, nakuba ngengozi, owaba igama lokuhweba elaziwayo.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: ILung Feng Xia inendawo ekhethekile ezingeni lama-oolong aphakeme aseTaiwan njengesinye sezindawo ezincane ezinzima ukufinyeleleka futhi ezihloniphekile. Umthamo wokukhiqiza olinganiselwe kanye nokukhiwa ngesandla kuphela kunikeza itiye inani lokuqongelela. Abatshali betiye bendawo, abaningi babo abayisizukulwane sesibili noma sesithathu semindeni yabalimi, balondolozela isiko lokuxhumana eduze nokuma komhlaba wezintaba. ETaiwan, kuhlala kuneqhudelwano letiye, lapho ama-oolong aseLung Feng Xia evame ukuthola izikhundla zomklomelo, okuqinisekisa isimo sale ndawo encane. Emasikweni etiye laseTaiwan, itiye laseLung Feng Xia libhekwa njengengqikithi yomqondo we-shan yun (山韻, shān yùn) — “ukuhlokoma kwezintaba” — okusho umbhalo ongenakuphindwanga we-terroir, ongeke ukhiqizwe kwezinye izimo.

3. Incazelo Ye-Botanical kanye Nezimpondo:

Okuhlukahlukene / I-Cultivar: I-cultivar eyinhloko i-Qing Xin Wulong (青心烏龍, Qīng Xīn Wūlóng), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Ruan Zhi (軟枝, Ruǎn Zhī — “Isiqu Esithambile”). Lena ingenye yezinhlobo ezindala nezihlonishwa kakhulu ze-cultivar yaseTaiwan ye-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, edabuka e-Jian’ou (建甌市, Jiàn’ōu shì) esifundazweni saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn). I-Qing Xin ibhekwa njengohlobo oluyinhloko lokukhiqiza ama-oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme zaseTaiwan ngenxa yekhono layo lokudlulisa izinhlobonhlobo ezintsonkothile kakhulu ze-terroir. Ama-cultivar asetshenziswa kancane yi-Jin Xuan (金萱, Jīn Xuān) — i-TTES №12, eyakhiwe eTaiwan futhi inephunga elincane lokhilimu, — kanye no-Cui Yu (翠玉, Cuì Yù) — i-TTES №13, exabiswa ngenxa yokunambitheka okuqabulayo nephunga lezimbali.
Incazelo yesihlahla: Isihlahla esiphakathi ngobude esineziqu ezincane, eziguquguqukayo (yingakho libizwa ngegama elithi “Isiqu Esithambile”). Amaqabunga anwebile futhi ayindilinga, abe sobukhulu obuphakathi, acwebezele ngaphezulu futhi anamazinyo amancane emaphethelweni. Ngaphansi kwezimo zezintaba eziphakeme, iqabunga liyakhula futhi licebe nge-pectin — okusabela okuvikelayo kwezitshalo ekucindezelekeni kwezinga lokushisa, okunikeza ukunambitheka okuyisici “okusongelayo”.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvunwa ngesandla (手採, shǒu cǎi) kwama-flush esezingeni elithi “iqabunga elilodwa namahlumela amabili kuya kwamathathu” (一芽二三葉, yī yá èr sān yè). Izikhathi eziyinhloko zokuvuna yintwasahlobo (ekuqaleni kuka-April) nobusika (October–November). Isivuno sasentwasahlobo (春茶, chūn chá) sibhekwa ngenxa yokugqama kwephunga nobunkimbinkimbi bokunambitheka; esasebusika (冬茶, dōng chá) — ngenxa yokuthungwa okuminyene nobumnandi obujulile. Ukuvuna ehlobo nasekwindla akuhlonishwanga kangako. Ngenxa yendawo ephakeme, ukuvama kokuvuna kukhawulelwe kabili noma kathathu ngonyaka — okuncane kakhulu kunasemapulazini asezindaweni eziphansi.
Izidingo zezimpondo: Amaqabunga kufanele angonakalanga, eluleke, futhi anenqwaba yama-villi (i-trichomes), okuyisici sezihlahla zetiye ezisezintabeni eziphakeme ezibhekene nokucindezeleka kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Amaqabunga aminyene, anenyama anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-pectin kuwuphawu lwezimpondo zangempela zezintaba eziphakeme.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshalwa:

Isifunda: I-Shan Lin Xi (杉林溪, Shānlínxī), ilokishi laseZhushan (竹山鎮, Zhúshān zhèn), isifunda saseNantou (南投縣, Nántóu xiàn), enkabeni yeTaiwan. Insimu itholakala emifuleni engaphezulu yomfula iJiazouliao (加走寮溪, Jiāzǒuliáo xī), emithambekeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yozimpingo, ebangene ne-Shan Lin Xi National Forest Park enobubanzi obuyi-hektare ezingu-34. Ukufinyelela endaweni yetiye kunikezwa ngomgwaqo wesifunda i-Tou-49 (投49鄉道), onqamula emgwaqweni omkhulu we-Shan Lin Xi.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Amamitha ayi-1400–1800 ngenhla kwezinga lolwandle. ILung Feng Xia iyindawo ephakeme kakhulu yesifunda setiye saseShan Lin Xi — ebizwa ngokuthi “Sanchalun” (三叉崙, Sānchālún) — okunquma isimo sayo njengendawo encane ephambili. Ukuhluka kokuphakama ngaphakathi kwendawo kubalulekile: itiye elivela ezingxenyeni eziphansi (1400 m) lisezingeni eliphansi kunomkhiqizo osuka esiqongweni (1800 m).
Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi one-acidi (i-pH 4.0–4.5) wezintaba odabuka entaba-mlilo, ocebile ngamaminerali nezinto eziphilayo. Isakhiwo esinezimbotshana siqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle kwamanzi nokungenela komoya ohlelweni lwezimpande. Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezincane (i-manganese, i-zinc, i-iron) kwakha ingxenye yamaminerali yephrofayili yokunambitheka.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu sezintaba esipholile, esinezinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi kuka +13–16°C nokuhluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku (kufinyelela ku-12–15°C). Insimu izungezwe inkungu namafu izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-200 ngonyaka, okudala ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kwemvelo, okubambezela i-photosynthesis futhi kufaka isandla ekuqoqweni kwe-L-theanine nezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi emaqabungeni. Isilinganiso sonyaka semvula cishe siyi-2500 mm, sihambisana kakhulu nenkathi ye-monsoon eseningizimu-ntshonalanga (May–September). Ubusika bupholile; izinga lokushisa lingehla liye ku- +3–5°C.
Izici: Amasimu etiye aseLung Feng Xia azungezwe amahlathi amadala e-cedar yaseTaiwan (杉木, shān mù, Cunninghamia lanceolata) no-bamboo mengzong (孟宗竹, mèngzōng zhú, Phyllostachys edulis). Ama-phytoncides ezihlahla ze-coniferous akha umgoqo wemvelo ovikelayo ezilokazaneni, okuvumela amapulazi amaningi ukuthi asebenze ngaphandle kokubulala izilokazane ngamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla zetiye zimunca izinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi zama-cedar azungezile, zenza uphawu “lwe-cedar epholile” okuyisici esibalulekile sama-oolong aseShan Lin Xi. I-microclimate epholile nemanzi ibambezela ukukhula kwesihlahla setiye, yandisa isikhathi sokumila futhi yenza ukuqoqwa okuphezulu kwezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi. Ukunisela kwenziwa kuphela ngemithombo yezintaba. Amapulazi amaningana enza izindlela “zokulima kwemvelo” (自然農法, zìrán nóngfǎ), enqaba umquba nezibulala-zilokazane.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kweLung Feng Xia Gaoshan Wulong kuyinqubo ebucayi, ehlose ukugcina ubunjalo bemvelo beqabunga lezintaba eziphakeme kangangokunokwenzeka. Kuleli tiye, kusetshenziswa izinga eliphansi le-oxidation ngamabomu nokungabi bikho kokuvuthwa, okuvumela ukuthi kuvezwe ngokugcwele i-terroir yezintaba:

Ukuvuna (採摘, cǎi zhāi): Ukuvunwa ngesandla kwama-flush ekuseni kakhulu, ngemva kokomiswa kwamazolo, kodwa ngaphambi kufike ukushisa kwemini. Amaqabunga avuniwe athwalwa ngezimbiza ze-bamboo ukunciphisa ukulimala kwemishini.
Ukubuneka elangeni (日光萎凋, rìguāng wěidiāo): Ukubuneka kwelanga isikhathi esifushane (imizuzu engu-30–60) ukuze kwehliswe umswakama wokuqala weqabunga futhi kusebenze izinqubo ze-enzyme. Ngenxa yokugcwala kwamafu okuningi ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1400–1800, lesi sigaba sivame ukwenezwa noma sithathelwe indawo ukubuneka endlini (室內萎凋, shìnèi wěidiāo).
Ukunyikinyiswa / ukugagula (搖青, yáo qīng): Umthelela opholile womshini emaphethelweni amaqabunga ezigubhini noma ezimbizeni ze-bamboo ukuze kulinyazwe izindonga zamangqamuzana futhi kuqalwe i-oxidation ngendlela ehlosiwe. Umjikelezo “ukunyikinyisa — ukuphumula” uphindwa izikhathi ezi-3–5 ngokwandisa kancane kancane ukuqina, kwakha isithombe esijwayelekile “isikhungo esiluhlaza — umphetho obomvu” (綠葉紅鑲邊, lǜ yè hóng xiāng biān). NgeLung Feng Xia, ukunyikinyiswa kwenziwa ngokucophelela ngokukhethekile ukuze kugcinwe ubumnene bamaqabunga nephunga elintekenteke.
I-oxidation (發酵, fā jiào): I-oxidation elawulwayo ezingeni lokushisa legumbi (22–25°C) izinga le-oxidation lifinyelela ku-10–20%. KwiLung Feng Xia, izinga eliphansi le-oxidation lisetshenziswa ngamabomu, ligcina ubunjalo obusha, obunezimbali beqabunga lezintaba eziphakeme.
Ukumiswa / “Ukubulawa kokuluhlaza” (殺青, shā qīng): Ukulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (280–300°C) ezigubhini ezijikelezayo ukwenza ama-enzyme angasebenzi futhi kumiswe i-oxidation.
Ukusontwa (揉捻, róu niǎn): Ukunikeza amaqabunga isimo esijwayelekile esiyindilinga ngokusebenzisa izikhwama zendwangu (布揉, bù róu). Umjikelezo “ukubopha isikhwama — ukugingqa ku-roller — ukukhulula — ukunikina” uphindwa izikhathi eziyi-15–25, kwakha ama-granule aminyene ayindilinga anombala ogqamile ohlaza okotshani. Lesi sigaba singesinye sezikhathazo ezinkulu futhi sinquma ikhadi lokuvakasha lama-oolong abumbeke njengebhola aseTaiwan.
Ukomisa (乾燥, gānzào): Ukomisa kokugcina ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi ukuze kumiswe isimo futhi kukhishwe umswakama osele wehle uye ku-3–5%. Ukuvuthwa (焙火, bèi huǒ) kule nhlobo ye-oolong ngokuvamile akusetshenziswa — izinga lokuvuthwa linguziro, okuvumela ukuthi kuvezwe ngokuphelele iphunga lemvelo lezintaba eziphakeme leqabunga.
Ukuhlukaniswa (分級, fēnjí): Itiye eliqediwe lihlukaniswa ngosayizi nekhwalithi yama-granule, kususwe izinhlaka namaqabunga angahambi kahle.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amabhola aminyene asontiwe kanye nezindingilizi ezinombala ogqamile ohlaza okotshani, acijile ngamafutha. Ebusweni bamanye ama-granule, kukhona i-pussy esiliva — izinsalela ze-trichome, ezibonisa imvelaphi yezintaba eziphakeme. Ubungako bama-granule bungamamilimitha ayi-5–8 ububanzi. Kungakhona ama-tip (amahlumela), ambozwe i-villus elula.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga elikhanyayo, elisha, elinamanothi agqamile ezimbali e-orchid (Cymbidium) ne-lily of the valley, nesisekelo se-bamboo osemncane nokunambitheka okuncane kokhilimu. Kukhona umbala omuhle opholile we-cedar — ikhadi lokuvakasha lesifunda saseShan Lin Xi, owakhiwe ukuhlala komunye nehlathi le-coniferous. Iphunga licacile, linamandla futhi lihlala njalo — esinye sezici ezihlukile zetiye laseLung Feng Xia phakathi kwawo wonke ama-oolong aphakeme aseTaiwan.
Iphunga lokunambitheka: Elihle, elinezigaba eziningi, elikhula lisuka ekuchithekeni kuye ekuchithekeni. Ukuphisa kokuqala kwembula amanothi aphakeme ezimbali — i-orchid, i-gardenia, izimbali zasendle. Kusukela ekuphisweni kwesithathu noma kwesine, kubonakala imibala yezithelo emnandi: i-apula eliluhlaza, i-yuzu, ipetshisi elilula. Ekuphisweni kwakamuva — amanothi afudumele, anjengoju anephunga lesinkwa esisha. Iphunga lihlala likhona ngokweqile.
Ukunambitheka: Kumsulwa, kucwebile, kukhanya njengekristalu, nobumnandi obugqamile bamaminerali kanye nokuthungwa okushelelayo, okufana nokhilimu. Emlonyeni, kuzwakala ukuminyana okuthambile, okusongelayo — umphumela wokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-pectin. I-palethi yokunambitheka ihlanganisa amanothi eju lasendle, i-nectar yezimbali, ama-apula aluhlaza, kanye ne-acidity epholile ye-citrus. Isici esiyisici ungwaqa “opholile”, oqabulayo, ohlukanisa leli tiye kuma-oolong asezindaweni eziphansi. Ukunambitheka kwangemuva (回甘, huígān) — okude, okukhulayo, okuqabulayo, nokuphola okuyisici nobumnandi be-vanilla. Ukungabibikho ngokuphelele kokubaba nokuhuzuka kuyisici esihlukile sengqikithi ye-oolong yezintaba eziphakeme.
Umbala wokunambitheka: Usagolide ophaphathekile onokukhanya okuluhlaza okulula, okhanyayo, osobala, ocwebezelayo. Ukusuka ekuphisweni kuye ekuphisweni, umbala uye ujule kancane kancane ube ngokhanyayo ophuzi njenge-saffron.
Phansi kwetiye (葉底, yè dǐ): Amaqabunga anwebekayo, aphelele, amakhulu, anwebeka ngokuphelele asuka kuma-granule aminyene ayindilinga. Umbala — okhanyayo oluhlaza okotshani ojulile onomphetho obomvana ngasemaphethelweni (umkhondo we-oxidation). Iqabunga linwebeka, linenyama, linemithambo ebonakalayo kahle — uphawu lwezimpondo zezintaba eziphakeme ezivela ku-cultivar i-Qing Xin.

7. Ukwakheka Kwezokhemikhali:

Iphrofayili yamakhemikhali yeLung Feng Xia ibonisa imininingwane ye-terroir yezintaba eziphakeme — ukukhula okuhamba kancane ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukukhanya okuhlakazekile, kanye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet ephakeme:

Ama-Amino acid: Ukuqukethwe okukhuphukile kwe-L-theanine (kufinyelela ku-25–30 mg/g wento eyomile) — ephakeme kakhulu kunama-oolong asezindaweni eziphansi (12–18 mg/g). I-L-theanine ibhekene nokunambitheka okumnandi kwe-umami nomthelela opholile kodwa ongenabuthongo, futhi iyasebenzela ekwakhiweni kwe-GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid, γ-氨基丁酸, γ-ānjī dīng suān) emzimbeni. Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kuwumphumela oqondile we-photosynthesis ehamba kancane ngaphansi kwezimo zamafu aqhubekayo.
Ama-Polyphenol: Ukuqukethwe kwama-catechin kuphansi kunasezinkethweni ezisezindaweni eziphansi, ngenxa ye-photosynthesis ehamba kancane. Isilinganiso sama-catechin e-galloylated (EGCG, ECG) kuma-catechin alula (EGC, EC) sinciphile, okwenza ubumnene bokunambitheka nokubaba okuncane. Ukuqukethwe okuphelele kwama-polyphenol cishe ku-15–18%.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-Caffeine — cishe 20–25 mg/g wento eyomile; i-theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani alinganiselwe. Isilinganiso se-L-theanine / caffeine siphezulu kunasema-oolong asezindaweni eziphansi, okunikeza umphumela wesikhuthazo othambile, oqhubekayo ngaphandle kwama-spikes abukhali.
Izihlanganisela eziyiphunga: Iphrofayili ecebile yezinto eziguquguqukayo: i-linalool (amanothi ezimbali), i-nerol ne-geraniol (amanothi e-rose), i-cis-3-hexenol (ukuluhlaza okusha), i-trans-2-hexenal (iqabunga), i-benzyl acetate ne-methyl salicylate. Iphunga elihlukile “lezintaba ye-cedar” lakhiwa inkimbinkimbi yama-terpenes, amunjiwe kuma-phytoncides amahlathi azungezile e-cedar — isici esivelele sama-oolong aseShanlinxi.
Ama-Pectin nama-Polysaccharide: Ukuqukethwe okukhuphukile kwama-pectin (umphumela wokusabela okuvikelayo ekucindezelekeni kwamakhaza) kunikeza ukuthungwa okuyisici okushelelayo, “okusongelayo” — okunye kwezimpawu zezimpondo zangempela zezintaba eziphakeme.
Amavithamini: C, amaqembu B, E, K.
Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluoride; ukwakheka kwamaminerali kunqunywa umhlabathi onomlilo wesifunda.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-L-theanine kanye nephrofayili elinganiselayo ye-polyphenol, itiye leLung Feng Xia linezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo:

Umphumela opholile ne-nootropic: I-L-theanine ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwama-alpha waves ebuchosheni, okusiza esimweni sokucabanga okuzolile nokucaca kwengqondo. Uma ihlanganiswe nokuqukethwe okulinganiselwe kwe-caffeine, inikeza ukuphapha okuthambile, okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwama-spikes nokuwa — okubizwa ngokuthi umphumela “wokuthula okuphaphile”.
Umphumela we-antioxidant: Ama-catechin nama-flavonoid aqeda ama-radical akhululekile, enciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative futhi abambezele izinqubo zokuguga kwamaseli.
Ukusekela ukusebenza komzimba: Ama-polyphenol e-oolong asiza ekunciphiseni ukumuncwa kwamafutha noshukela emathunjini, akhuthaze ukusebenza komzimba.
Ukusekelwa kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukusetshenziswa njalo kungasiza ekwehleni okulinganiselwe komfutho wegazi nezinga le-cholesterol LDL, ukuqina kwezindonga zemithambo.
Impilo yomlomo: Ama-catechin nama-fluoride anomphumela we-antibacterial, avimbela ukwakheka kwe-plaque yamazinyo nokukhula kwamazinyo abolayo.
Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya ukudla: Ukusebenza okuthambile kwe-peristalsis; ngokungafani namatiye ane-oxidation enamandla, izinga eliphansi le-oxidation lenza leli oolong lithambe esiswini.
Ukuthuthukisa isimo sesikhumba: Ama-antioxidant namavithamini asiza ekuthuthukiseni umbala wobuso nokwandisa ukunwebeka kwesikhumba.
Umphumela oqabulayo: Iqeda ukoma ngendlela emangalisayo; ukunambitheka kwangemuva “okupholile” okuyisici kwenza itiye lijabulise ikakhulukazi ngenkathi efudumele yonyaka.

9. Ukuphisa:

Kunconywa ukuphisa ngendlela ye-Gong Fu Cha (功夫茶, gōngfu chá) ukuze kuvezwe ngokuphelele iphrofayili yokunambitheka nephunga elinezigaba eziningi:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90°C. Ngezimpondo ezintekenteke kakhulu zasentwasahlobo ezivela kuma-tip, kuvumelekile ukwehlisa kufika ku-80°C. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi abilayo akuvunyelwe — izinga lokushisa elidlulele lilimaza izinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi ezintsonkothile futhi landise ukukhishwa kwama-catechin ababayo, kususe ubumnandi bemvelo beqabunga lezintaba eziphakeme.
Inani letiye: Amagremu ayi-5–7 ngamanzi ayi-100–150 ml.
Isitsha: I-Gaiwan (蓋碗, gàiwǎn) eyenziwe nge-porcelain entekenteke — ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu, okuvumela ukuvezwa ngokuphelele kwephunga ngaphandle kokulimuncwa yizindonga. Kuvumelekile ukusebenzisa i-Yixing teapot (宜興壺, Yíxīng hú) enezindonga ezincane. Izitsha zengilazi ekhanyayo zizosebenza futhi ukuze unabule amaqabunga avulekayo.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo.
2. Beka iqabunga elomile ku-gaiwan efudumele, vala ngesivalo, nyakazisa izikhathi ezimbalwa futhi uphefumule iphunga leqabunga elifudunyezwe — lokhu kuvumela ukuhlola ikhwalithi yetiye ngaphambi kokuphisa.
3. Ukuphisa kokuqala — ukuhlanza: thela amanzi bese uwakhipha ngokushesha ukuze “uvuse” iqabunga.
4. Ukuphisa kwesibili (okokuqala kokuphuza) — gxilisa imizuzwana engu-30–45.
5. Thela ukunambitheka ezinkomishini.
6. Ukuphisa okuphindaphindiwe — ukuphiswa okuyi-7–10 noma ngaphezulu, nokwengeza isikhathi ngemizuzwana eyi-10–15 ngakunye okulandelayo. ILung Feng Xia yekhwalithi ephezulu yembula ubuso obusha ukusuka ekuphisweni kuye ekuphisweni, iguquka kancane kancane isuka kumanothi alula ezimbali iye emibaleni ejulile, enamafutha ne-ju.

10. Ukugcina:

Ama-oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme anokuvuthwa okuncane kakhulu azwela kakhulu ezimeni zokugcina:

Ukungangeni kwezinto: Gcina ekupakisheni kwe-vacuum noma okuvaleke kahle okungabonisi, ungaqiniseki umoya namanuka angaphandle. Ukupakisha kwaseTaiwan kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukuba yizikhwama ezi-vacuum ezihlukanisiwe.
Izinga lokushisa: Ngesitoreji sesikhashana (izinyanga ezi-3) — indawo epholile enezinga lokushisa elingekho ngaphezu kuka-15°C. Ngesitoreji esinde — isiqandisi (5–10°C) noma ifriji (-18°C). Abalimi abaningi baseTaiwan batusa kuphela ukugcina efrijini ukuze kulondolozwe ukusha ngokukhulu. Ngaphambi kokuvula isikhwama esimisiwe, kufanele silinde ezingeni lokushisa legumbi imizuzu engu-20–30 ukuvimbela ukuswakama okujiya kweqabunga.
Umswakama: Akukho ngaphezu kuka-50–55%. Umswakama owedlulele ubanga ukukhunta nokulahleka kwephunga.
Isikhathi sokugcina: Uma izimo zilandelwa — izinyanga eziyi-12–18. Ama-oolong angavuthwanga asezintabeni eziphakeme awakhelwe ukuvuthwa isikhathi eside; inani lawo likulesi simo sokusha.

11. Intengo kanye Nemigimbimbi:

Intengo: ILung Feng Xia iphakathi kwezingxenye eziphambili zama-oolong aseTaiwan. Intengo inqunywa ukuphakama kokukhula (okuphezulu lapho ukuphakama kuphakeme), isizini yokuvuna (intwasahlobo ixabisa ukwedlula ubusika), umthamo okhawulelwe wokukhiqiza, kanye nomsebenzi owenziwa ngesandla kuphela. Ama-batches angavamile avela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zeLung Feng Xia (1700–1800 m) — ama-dollar angu-50–80 nge-100 g; ama-oolong ezentengiselwano e-Shan Lin Xi aphuma ekuphakameni okuphansi (1200–1500 m) — ama-dollar angu-25–40 nge-100 g. Intengo ibonisa ukuncika okuye ngokuphindaphindeka ekuphakameni kokukhula: njalo ngamamitha angama-200 angeziwe, intengo ingakhuphuka ngo-30–50%. Ukuduma okuphezulu kwendawo yetiye yaseLung Feng Xia kukhuphula inani: ngokulingana, itiye laseLung Feng Xia libiza kakhulu kune-oolong ephakeme ephuma ezindaweni ezingaziwa kakhulu ngama-dollar aseTaiwan ayi-100–200 ngejin.
Uzoyigwema kanjani imigimbimbi: Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomgunyathi ukuthengisa ama-oolong aphuma ekuphakameni okuphansi (600–1000 m) njengegama leLung Feng Xia. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze kulingiswe “ubumnandi bezintaba eziphakeme,” kusetshenziswa izinongo ezenziwe noma izithako. Izimpawu ze-Lung Feng Xia yangempela:
- Ama-granule amnyama aluhlaza asonteke aminyene acwebezele ngamafutha, ngaphandle kokuphuka nothuli.
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile elikhanyayo, elisha, elinezimbali elinombala ovelele we-cedar.
- Ukungabikho ngokuphelele kokubaba nokuhuzuka lapho kuphiwa; ukunambitheka okusobala okuphuzi ngokukhanyayo.
- Ukunambitheka kwangemuva okuqhubekayo, okukhulayo (huigan, 回甘) nokumelana nokuphisa okuphindaphindiwe (amaphrozi ayi-7+ ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubunjalo).
- Amaqabunga aphelele, anenyama phansi kwetiye, aluhlaza okotshani ojulile anomphetho obomvu.
- Kunconywa ukuthenga itiye kubahlinzeki abathembekile, unake ukucaciswa kokuphakama kokukhula ngokunembile, isizini, nomlimi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-Shan Lin Xi ekuhumusheni isho ukuthi “Umfudlana Wehlathi Le-Cedar,” kodwa emsebenzini wamazwe ngamazwe wetiye, ukuhunyushwa kwemisindo okuthi Sun Link Sea — “Ilanga Lihlanganisa Ulwandle,” kudala umfanekiso wobunkondlo, nakuba ngengozi, owaba igama lokuhweba elaziwayo lomugqa wonke wetiye lesifunda.
“Umgwaqo Omkhulu Wezimpawu Zokubhula Eziyishumi Nambili” (投95鄉道) oqala eXitou (溪頭, Xītóu) uye eShan Lin Xi, ujikajika ngokusonta okuyishumi nambili. Ukujika ngakunye ngokwendabuko kuqanjwe ngesinye sezilwane eziyishumi nambili ze-zodiac yaseChina. Umgwaqo wakhiwa ngezimali zomsunguli wendawo yokuphumula uLiu Anding — umgwaqo wokuqala eTaiwan owaxhaswa ngokuphelele ngusomabhizinisi ozimele.
Umshini waseAnding (安定隧道), owakhiwa ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba kuka-1999, udlula esiqongweni sezintaba ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-1750 futhi kuze kube manje usewukuphela komgudu wokuhamba oxhumanisa iShan Lin Xi nezwe langaphandle. Ukwakhiwa kwaqhubeka ubusuku nemini emashifini amathathu, kanti emnyangweni oseningizimu womhume, izinto zokwakha zalethwa ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane nezintambo zokuhamba. Umhume uqanjwe ngo-Liu Anding, owashona ngo-2008 eneminyaka eyi-100 ubudala.
Insimu yaseShan Lin Xi ingenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokubuka izikhanyisi eTaiwan; isikhathi sezikhanyisi sihambisana nokuvuna itiye lasentwasahlobo, okudala isimo esiyingqayizivele sokuqhakaza itiye ebusuku.
Kwamanye amapulazi aseLung Feng Xia, izihlahla zetiye, ezitshalwa ngendlela “yokulima kwemvelo” (ngaphandle komquba nezibulala-zilokazane), zifinyelela eminyakeni engu-20 noma ngaphezulu, zigcina impilo nokukhiqiza — ngenxa yohlelo lwezimpande olujulile, olunikeza iqabunga amaminerali omhlabathi wentaba-mlilo.

13. Izinhlobonhlobo zeLung Feng Xia Wulong:

Ngokwe-cultivar:
- Qing Xin Wulong (青心烏龍): Eyandile kakhulu futhi exabiswayo; inikeza iphrofayili emihle kakhulu, enezimbali enokudluliswa okuvelele kwe-terroir.
- Jin Xuan (金萱, Jīn Xuān, TTES №12): Itholakala kancane; inikeza itiye umbala opholile wokhilimu. “Ubisi” lwemvelo lwale cultivar lwenzeka ngendlela ecoleke kakhudlwana ezintabeni eziphakeme kunasezindaweni eziphansi.
- Cui Yu (翠玉, Cuì Yù, TTES №13): Inketho evela kancane nakakhulu; ixabiswa ngenxa yokunambitheka okuqabulayo nephunga lezimbali elikhanyayo elinamanothi e-jasmine.
Ngokwesizini yovuno:
- Itiye lasentwasahlobo (春茶, chūn chá): Elixabiseke kakhulu, elinokunambitheka okumnene, okunobunkimbinkimbi nephunga elikhanyayo kakhulu.
- Itiye lasebusika (冬茶, dōng chá): Lihlonishwa kakhulu ngenxa yokunambitheka okunothe, ukuthungwa okuminyene nobumnandi obujulile.
- Ehlobo nasekwindla: Kuncane ukuhlonishwa; umkhiqizo omkhulu awukho.
Ngokwezinga lokuvuthwa:
- Ngokuvamile, iLung Feng Xia Wulong ayivuthwa, igcina ukusha okukhulu namanothi ezimbali. Kunezinketho ezinokuvuthwa okuncane (輕焙, qīng bèi), okunikeza itiye imibala eyengeziwe yamathanga ne-ju.

14. Ukuqhathanisa namanye ama-Oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme:

I-Alishan Wulong (阿里山烏龍, Ālǐshān Wūlóng): I-oolong ethandwa kakhulu eTaiwan esezintabeni eziphakeme (1000–1600 m). I-Alishan imnene futhi ifana nokhilimu, inephrofayili “ethekekile” kakhudlwana namanothi aqhamile e-orchid; iLung Feng Xia inobumaminerali obugqamile, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, nombala opholile we-cedar oyingxenye ye-Shan Lin Xi. ILung Feng Xia ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu ngenxa yokuphakama okukhulu kokukhula nomthamo omncane wokukhiqiza.
I-Lishan Wulong (梨山烏龍, Líshān Wūlóng): I-oolong ehloniphekile yasezintabeni eziphakeme (1800–2600 m). I-Lishan ivame ukubonisa amanothi amaningi ezithelo, e-ju anethani lepheya ne-apula; iLung Feng Xia — eyezimbali, enomsindo ogqamile “wokuhlokoma kwezintaba” weShan Lin Xi.
I-Da Yu Ling Wulong (大禹嶺烏龍, Dà Yǔ Lǐng Wūlóng): Indawo yetiye ephakeme kunazo zonke eTaiwan (ngaphezu kuka-2600 m). Itiye lihluke ngokunambitheka okungaphezulu futhi okucwengisiswe, kodwa futhi ngenani eliphakeme kakhulu. ILung Feng Xia ingabhekwa njengenye indlela ethengekayo enezici ezifanayo.
I-Dong Ding Wulong (凍頂烏龍, Dòng Dǐng Wūlóng): I-oolong yaseTaiwan yakudala evela eLugu (鹿谷, Lùgǔ), eNantou, enendawo ephansi (~800 m). I-Dong Ding ngokwendabuko ivuthwa ngamalahle, inamanothi amathanga, abhakiwe kanye nomzimba ominyene kakhulu. ILung Feng Xia iwukuphikisana kwayo: entsha, elula, enezimbali, engavuthwanga.
I-Shan Lin Xi Wulong (杉林溪烏龍, Shānlínxī Wūlóng): Isigaba esijwayelekile sama-oolong avela esifundeni saseShan Lin Xi asuka ku-1200–1600 m ukuphakama. ILung Feng Xia imelela isiqongo salomugqa — ecoleke kakhulu, eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eshelelayo, enokunambitheka kwangemuva okude nobumaminerali obugqamile.

15. Izethingo Ezingenzeka:

Ukuzwela kwe-caffeine: Ine-caffeine (nakuba incane kune-oolong yezindawo eziphansi); abantu abanokuzwela okuphezulu, ukuqwasha, noma izinkinga zokukhathazeka bayelulekwa ukuthi bancishise ukusebenzisa amahora akusihlwa.
Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa: Kunconywa ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-caffeine. Ukubonisana nodokotela kuyancomeka.
Izifo ze-GIT: Uma kune-gastritis, izilonda, kanye ne-asidi ephezulu esiswini, sebenzisa ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi esiswini esingenalutho. Ama-oolong ane-oxidation ephansi akhuthaza uketshezi lwesisu ngokunamandla kunezinto ezivuthwe kakhulu.
Ukuhlobana nemithi: Ama-catechin anganciphisa ukutholakala kweminye imithi emzimbeni (izithako ze-iron, amanye ama-antibiotic). Lapho uphuza imithi ye-anticoagulant (i-warfarin), kunconywa ukuqapha izinga le-INR.
Ukungazwani komuntu ngamunye: Njenganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo wokudla, itiye lingabangela ukusabela okweqile komuntu ngamunye.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Lung Feng Xia Gaoshan Wulong iyitiye lapho kuhlangana khona zonke izinto ezichaza ubuhle bokutshalwa kwetiye eziphakeme zaseTaiwan: i-cultivar ehloniphekile i-Qing Xin, ukuphakama okweqile kokukhula, i-microclimate epholile yezigodi ze-cedar, nobuciko babalimi abadlulisela amasiko kusukela esizukulwaneni kuye kwesinye. Inkomishi ngayinye yaleli tiye iyisimemo ezweni leziqongo zamafu namahlathi anenkungu enkabeni yeTaiwan, lapho amandla ezintaba eshan qi eguqukela ekunambithekeni okucwebe njengekristalu, okunezigaba eziningi okunokuphola okucashile kwe-cedar nobumnandi obukhulayo be-ju.

Leli tiye lifanele labo abazisa ukuhle, ubunkimbinkimbi, nokuhlanzeka kokunambitheka, labo abakulungele ukungasheshi futhi bavumele itiye liziveze ngesikhathi sokuphuza tiye okungenajubane. I-Lung Feng Xia inganikeza hhayi nje ukujabulela ukunambitheka, kodwa futhi nesimo esikhethekile sokuzola nokucaca, abalimi betiye baseTaiwan abakubiza ngokuthi i-cha qi (茶氣, chá qì) — amandla etiye, ahlokomayo namandla ezintaba lapho azalelwa khona.