I-Lipíng Xiāngchá

I-Lipíng Xiāngchá (黎平香茶, Lípíng xiāngchá) — «Itiye le-Liping elinephunga elimnandi» — itiye eliluhlaza elikhula ngobuningi, elivela esifundeni i-Liping (黎平县, Lípíng Xiàn), elise-Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture (黔东南苗族侗族自治州, Qiándōngnán Miáozú Dòngzú Zìzhìzhōu) esifundazweni i-Guizhou. I-Liping iyisifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Guizhou ngobubanzi (4441 km²), futhi iyinhliziyo yesiko lama-Dong (侗族, Dòngzú) — okungenye yamaqembu e-«culayo» ase-China, lapho izingoma zawo eziphindaphindayo ezibizwa ngokuthi «Dàgē» (侗族大歌, Dòngzú Dàgē) ngo-2009 zafakwa ohlwini lwe-UNESCO lwamagugu angaphatheki. Umlandvo wetiye kulesi sifunda usukela esikhathini se-Western Han: encwadini ka-Yang Xiong (扬雄, Yáng Xióng) ethi «Fangyan» (《方言》) kukhulunywa ngokuthi eningizimu-ntshonalanga itiye lalibizwa ngokuthi «shè» (蔎) — leli gama lisasetshenziswa nanamuhla olimini lwe-Dong. Encwadini ka-Lu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) ethi «I-Canon Yethi» (《茶经》) le ndawo ibhalwe njengengxenye ye-«Qianzhong cháqū» (黔中茶区, «Isifunda Sase-Central Guizhou»), kanti ngezikhathi ze-Ming (永乐, 1403–1424) izinduna zendawo zazinikela ngetiye emkhandlwini wombuso. Ubuhle obumqoka be-Liping Xiāngchá buyizingxube ezikhipheka emanzini ezingaphansi kuka-42% (ngu-5–9% ngaphezu kwendinganiso kazwelonke i-GB), okwenza kutholakale lokhu okuthiwa «香浓味醇» (xiāng nóng wèi chún, «iphunga elicebile, ukunambitheka okuthambile»). Ngonyaka ka-2024 — kwakukhona ama-269 800 mu (cishe amahektha ayi-18 000) ezinsimu zetiye, amathani ayi-15 200 omkhiqizo, kanti inani eliphelele lilinganiselwa ku-RMB 1.62 wezigidigidi.

1. Izigaba kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingagonyulwanga. Isimo esisontekile (卷曲形, juǎnqūxíng). Ukukhiqizwa kusebenze ngomshini ngokuphelele. Imakethwa njengelinenani eliphansi (大宗绿茶, dàzōng lǜchá): igqolo elisetshenziswayo liyimbewu eyodwa kanye namaqabunga amabili noma amathathu (elivuthiwe ukwedlula itiye elisezingeni eliphakeme), ngenkathi kugcinwa izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokukhipheka emanzini (≥42%).

• Isigaba: Umfutho oqokiwe wendawo we-CN (国家地理标志保护产品). «I-Land of Famous Teas of China» (中国名茶之乡, Zhōngguó Míngchá zhī Xiāng, 2010). Izinga: T/LPCX 01-2020 «Liping Xiangcha» (《黎平香茶》). Lesi sifunda siphinde sibe neziqu ezithi «National Key Tea-Producing County» (全国重点产茶县) kanye ne-«Most Beautiful Tea Land in Western China» (中国西部最美茶乡). Ngonyaka ka-2024 — ngaphezu kuka-40% wakho konke ukukhiqizwa kwetiye kulesi sifunda kusezigabeni ze-«xiāngchá».

• Imvelaphi: I-China, Isifundazwe sase-Guizhou (贵州省, Guìzhōu Shěng), I-Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture (黔东南州), Isifunda i-Liping (黎平县). Isifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke esifundazweni ngobubanzi.

• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u-26°14′ N., u-109°08′ E. (indikimba yesifunda).

2. Umlandvo kanye Nokubaluleka Kwezamasiko:

• Imvelaphi yegama. I-«Lipíng» (黎平) igama lomlando lesifunda, elisukela esikhathini se-Yongle (永乐, 1403), lapho kwasungulwa i-«Lipíng fǔ» (黎平府, «Isiyingi Se-Liping»). I-«Xiāngchá» (香茶) isho ngomqondo oseduze «itiye elinephunga elimnandi» — okugcizelela iphunga le-castnut nezimbali njengenhlanhla enkulu yezentengiso yomkhiqizo.

• I-Western Han kanye ne-«Canon Yethi». Isiko letiye eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Guizhou libhalwe kusukela esikhathini se-Western Han (西汉, 206 BC – 9 AD). Enncwadini yezilimi u-Yang Xiong ethi «Fangyan» kugoshwe igama elithi «shè» (蔎) — igama lesifunda elithetha itiye eningizimu-ntshonalanga, elisasetshenziswa olimini lwe-Dong kuze kube namuhla. I-«Canon Yethi» ka-Lu Yu ifaka indawo yase-Liping ku-«Qianzhōng cháqū»: «茶之出黔中，生思州、播州、费州、夷州……往往得之，其味极佳» — «Itiye lase-Qianzhong, elikhula e-Sizhou, Bozhou, Feizhou, Yizhou… litholakala kaningi, futhi ukunambitheka kwalo kuhle kakhulu».

• Umlando we-Ming. Encwadini ethi «Hongzhi Guizhou Tujing Xinzhi» (弘治《贵州图经新志》, Míng Hóngzhì, 1488–1505) kubhaliwe ukuthi: «黎平府，洞茶叶大而味美» — «Isiyingi sase-Liping: itiye [labantu] abangama-Dong lineqabunga elikhulu, ukunambitheka kwalo kuhle kakhulu». Ngezikhathi ze-Yongle (永乐, 1413), ngemuva kokusungulwa kwesiyingi sase-Liping, izikhulu zendawo (长官司, zhǎngguānsī) zathumela itiye enhlokodolobha njengomnikelo omkhandlwini.

• Imibhalo ye-Qing. I-«Daoguang Liping Fuzhi» (道光《黎平府志》, 1845) ichaza ngokuningiliziwe amasiko onyaka wokukhiwa kwetiye, ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezikhathi (ngaphambi kwe-Sheqian — okokuqala kakhulu, ngaphambi kwe-Huoqian — okuphakathi nendawo, ngaphambi kwe-Yuqian — ukuvuna kokugcina okusezingeni), kanye namasiko etiye abantu abangama-Dong nama-Miao. Imbongi yase-Qing u-Gu Chunchun (顾忳纯) wabhala inkondlo ethi «Xishan Cha» (《西山茶》) enesandulelo esichaza amasimu etiye ase-«West Mountains» e-Liping.

• Isikhathi samanje. Ngo-1976 kwakhiwa i-«Guìhuātái wànmǔ cháchǎng» (桂花台万亩茶场, «Ipulazi Letiye Elingamawaka Ayishumi lase-Guihua Tai») — elikhulu kunazo zonke esifundeni ngaleso sikhathi. Ngo-2010 lesi sifunda sathola isiqu esithi «I-Land of Famous Teas of China». Ngo-2020 kwaqala ukusebenza izinga lomkhakha T/LPCX 01-2020 elithi «Lipíng Xiāngchá». Ngonyaka ka-2024, amasimu etiye ase-Liping afinyelela ku-269 800 mu (cishe amahektha ayi-18 000), ukukhiqizwa ngonyaka kwaba ngamathani ayi-15 200, inani eliphelele lafinyelela ezigidigidini eziyi-1.62 ze-RMB. Kulesi sifunda kusebenza amabhizinisi etiye angaphezu kuka-300, amafekthri angu-36 okukhiqiza ahlanzekile ahleliwe, kanye nezinhlangano ezisebenzisanayo zetiye ezingu-119.

• Ubukhulu bomkhakha. Isifunda i-Liping sithole iziqu ezingaphezu kweshumi zikazwelonke nezomkhakha: «I-Land of Famous Teas of China» (2010), «National Key Tea-Producing County», «China’s Top 10 Ecological Tea Counties», «Model County for Tea Industry Development», «Most Beautiful Tea Land in Western China», «Strongest Tea County of China». Imikhiqizo yetiye yase-Liping izuze imiklomelo ecishe ibe yikhulu emibukisweni yezwe neyamazwe. Inani eliphelele lomkhakha wetiye kulesi sifunda selicishe lafinyelela ezigidigidini ezi-2 ze-RMB, kanti itiye selibe umkhakha oyinhloko ekunyuseni imali engenayo yabantu bendawo.

• Ukubaluleka kwezamasiko. I-Liping iyinhliziyo yesiko lama-Dong. Iculo eliphindaphindayo elithi «Dàgē» (侗族大歌), okuthiwa lasungulwa ngesikhathi se-Spring and Autumn (春秋, 770–476 BC), ngo-2009 lafakwa yi-UNESCO ohlwini lwamagugu angaphatheki esintu. Amadolobhana ase-Zhaoxing (肇兴侗寨), asesifundeni, angamanye ezinkulumo zabangama-Dong ezivakashelwa kakhulu e-China. Esigodlweni sase-Deshun (德顺乡) entabeni i-Taiping Shan (太平山) kusekhona amaqembu ezihlahla zetiye zasendle zasendulo — okuyisizinda sofuzo sokuhluma. Itiye liyingxenye ebalulekile yokwamukela izivakashi ngabakwa-Dong: itiye elinamafutha elithi «yóuchá» (油茶, yóuchá), eliphekwa nempephu, amantongomane nezinongo, liyisiko lansuku zonke emindenini yabangama-Dong nama-Miao.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• I-Hybrid / Cultivar: Eyinhloko — Lóngjǐng 43 (龙井43号, Lóngjǐng 43 hào), ingxenye yokutshalwa ingaphezu kuka-50%. I-cultivar ekhula ngokushesha ngendlela yokuphindaphindeka, eyasungulwa yi-China Tea Research Institute (中国农业科学院茶叶研究所); ifaneleka ekwakhiweni kwesimo esisontekile. Iyingxenye ye-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Ezinye izinhlobo ezisetshenziswayo: Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá) kanye nezinhlobo zendawo eziphilile (群体种, qúntǐzhǒng) — ezinamaqabunga amakhulu naphakathi nendawo, anekhasi eliwugqinsi kanye nokunotha kwe-pectin. Ama-polyphenol — ≥14.5%.

• Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo kuyikona okuyinhloko (u-March–April). Ukuvuna kwehlobo nekwindla kusekelayo. Ukuvuna kusebenza ngomshini ngokuphelele.

• Izinga lokuvuna kanye namabanga (T/LPCX 01-2020):

  • Ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu (特级, tèjí): Imbewu eyodwa + iqabunga elilodwa. Isimo esisontekile, iphunga le-castnut. Kusukela ku-RMB 300 nge-500 g.
  • Ibanga lokuqala (一级, yījí): Imbewu eyodwa + amaqabunga amabili. RMB 150–300 nge-500 g.
  • Ibanga lesibili (二级, èrjí): Imbewu eyodwa + amaqabunga amabili. RMB 80–150 nge-500 g.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezinto Eziyisipesheli Zokutshalwa:

• Isimo Sezulu: Lesi sifunda sisendaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi «I-Golden Belt Engu-26° N» (北纬26°黄金产茶带, Běiwěi 26° Huángjīn Chánchádài) — indawo ye-latitude encono kakhulu yokutshala itiye e-China eshisayo. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka lili-15–18°C. Imvula ingu-1300–1500 mm. Ukufiphala kwamafu kunezinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-180 ngonyaka. Ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kungaphezu kuka-70%. Indlela yokwenza: «高海拔、低纬度、寡日照» (gāo hǎibá, dī wěidù, guǎ rìzhào — «ukuphakama okuphezulu, i-latitude ephansi, ilanga elincane») — ikakhulukazi i-«guǎ rìzhào» (ushoda wokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile) yiyona enqanda ukuguqulwa kwama-amino acid abe yi-polyphenol, okuqinisekisa ubumnandi bokunambitheka kanye namazinga aphawulekayo okukhipheka emanzini.

• Ukuphakama: Ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-800. Amasimu etiye ahlala emithambekeni yezintaba enomehluko ophakeme ongu-300–1200 m.

• Umhlabathi: Iphuzi eline-acid encane (微酸性黄壤, wēi suānxìng huángrǎng; i-pH engu-4.5–6.5). Izinga lezinto eziphilayo eliyisisekelo ≥2%. Umhlabathi ucebile nge-selenium (Se) ne-zinc (Zn) — okuwumkhuba ojwayelekile we-geochemical profile ye-Qiandongnan. Ukumbozwa kwehlathi kungu-76%.

• Indawo Eyinhloko Yokukhiqiza: Isigodi i-Gaotun (高屯镇, Gāotún Zhèn) — «Ipulazi Elingawaka Ayishumi lase-Guihua Tai» (10 000 mu), elakhiwa ngo-1976 futhi laba yisisekelo sokutshala itiye ngezimboni kulesi sifunda; isigodi i-Deshun (德顺乡) — indawo yezihlahla zasendle zasendulo e-Taiping Shan, umthombo wezinto zofuzo zokuhluma; isigodi i-Jiuchao (九潮镇) — indawo enomkhiqizo ophezulu enomshini wokukhiqiza osezingeni eliphezulu.

• I-ekholoji: Indawo yesifunda isendaweni yokuguquka kwe-Yungui Plateau iye emagqumeni ase-Hunan-Guangxi. Ukuma komhlaba ikakhulukazi kusezintabeni eziphakeme, kunezigodi ezijulile zemifula nemifudlana. Imithombo yamanzi miningi: isifunda sisendaweni yomfula i-Nanjiang (南江) nezakhiwo zakhona. Isimo se-ekholoji sihle: akunazimboni ezisindayo, ukungcola komkhathi namanzi kuncane. Isifunda i-Liping singesinye sezimbalwa e-Guizhou ezithole isitifiketi sokukhiqiza ngendlela ephilayo emapulazini amaningana etiye.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Liping Xiāngchá kusebenza ngomshini ngokuphelele ngohlelo lwe-«hlanzekile lokukhiqiza» (全程机械化清洁生产, quánchéng jīxièhuà qīngjié shēngchǎn), okuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki kwezinga kanye nesikhathi eside sokulondolozwa. Umthetho obalulekile yi-«快速锁翠» (kuàisù suǒcuì, «ukuqinisa umbala ohlaza okotshani ngokushesha»).

• Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ngomshini. Izinga liyimbewu eyodwa + amaqabunga amabili noma amathathu.

• Ukwendlala (摊青, tān qīng): Iqabunga elisha liyendlalwa ezisefeni zoqalo endaweni enomoya. Isikhathi siyimahora ama-4 kuya kwayi-6. Kuba nomkhiqizo wokuhwamuka komswakama owedlulele, kuqale ukwakheka kwezandulela zephunga.

• «Ukubulala okuluhlaza» (杀青, shāqīng): Umshini we-rotary drum ekushiseni okucishe kube ngu-300°C — indlela ye-「kuàisù suǒcuì」. Ukungasebenzi ngokushesha kwe-polyphenol oxidase, ukuqinisa umbala ohlaza okotshani okugqamile nephunga le-castnut.

• Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ngomshini. Ukwakheka kwesimo esisontekile (卷曲形) — umsebenzi oyinqala wethekhnoloji, onquma ukubukeka komkhiqizo wezentengiso. Iqabunga lisontekeka libe yiziphethu eziqinile, ezifana nezigobongo zeminenke.

• Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): Kunezigaba ezimbili: okokuqala (毛火, máohuǒ) ku-120°C → okokugcina (足火, zúhuǒ) ku-80°C. Umswakama osele — ≤6.5%. Umswakama ophansi wokugcina unikeza isikhathi sokulondolozwa esifinyelela ezinyangeni ezingu-24.

• Izithasiselo, izinezela zephunga, nezidayi akuvunyelwe.

6. Izimpawu Eziphathekayo:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isimo esisontekile (卷曲形). Ibanga eliphakeme — iziphethu eziqinile eziqinile «njengeziminenke» (紧细如螺, jǐnxì rú luó). Umbala uluhlaza ocacile (墨绿, mòlǜ), ofanayo.

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: I-Castnut (栗香, lìxiāng) — iyona ehamba phambili. Ehlanzekile (清香) — ngebanga eliphakeme kakhulu. Iphunga lezimbali (花香) — livezwa ekuvunweni kwentwasahlobo.

• Iphunga lomhluzo: Iphunga le-castnut elinothile elinomsindo wezimbali ngaphansi. Liyazinza — enkomishini ebandayo lihlala ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10. Indlela yokwenza: «香浓» — «iphunga elicebile».

• Ukunambitheka: Kuqinile (醇厚, chúnhòu) — okuwumphumela oqondile wokukhipheka ngamandla emanzini ≥42%: umhluzo «ugcwele», unomuzwa wesisindo olimini. Okusha (鲜爽) — kuqinisekiswa yizinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid. Kukhona ubumnandi obubuyayo obucacile (回甘). Ubumnandi — ama-polyphenol angu-14–14.5% (aphansi kunokujwayelekile kwetiye eliluhlaza), ubukaqi buncane. Indlela yokwenza: «味醇» — «ukunambitheka okuthambile».

• Umbala womhluzo: Ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu — luhlaza okotshani okuncane, okukhanyayo nokumhlophe. Ibanga lesibili — luphuzi oluhlaza.

• Isiza setiye (iqabunga ebelifakwe emanzini abilayo): Luphuzi oluhlaza okotshani okuncane, olufanayo. Amahlumela aphelele, iqabunga linwebeka.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Izinto ezikhipheka emanzini: ≥42% — okuwumkhomba obalulekile, ongu-5–9% ngaphezu kwendinganiso kazwelonke i-GB/T 14456.1. Uma kuqhathaniswa: umkhawulo ophansi we-GB wetiye eliluhlaza ungu-34%, kanti ojwayelekile etiyeni eliluhlaza elisezingeni eliphezulu ungu-36–38%. Izinto eziningi ezikhipheka emanzini zenza umhluzo ube «nogcwele» futhi ukunambitheka kube okuqinile.

• Ama-Polyphenol: 14–14.5% — izinga eliphakathi nendawo, elenza ubumnandi bungabi nokubaba okusobala. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ama-catechin (EGCG, EGC, ECG).

• Ama-Amino acid: Aphakeme — okuwumphumela wendlela yokwenza i-「guǎ rìzhào」 (ushoda wokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile). Ukuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-800 nokufiphala ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-180 kwenza i-photosynthesis yehlise ijubane, kuvinjwe ukuguqulwa kwama-amino acid abe yi-polyphenol. I-L-theanine iyona ehamba phambili, okwenza kube nobumnandi obuthambile obuphawulekayo.

• I-Caffeine: 2–4% (okujwayelekile etiyeni eliluhlaza). Ehlanganiswe nama-amino acid amaningi yenza kube nokuvuselela okuthambile, okuqinile.

• Ama-Microelement: I-Selenium (Se) ne-Zinc (Zn) — avela emhlabathini wase-Qiandongnan. I-Selenium iyi-antioxidant ebamba iqhaza ekuvikeleni ulwelwesi lwamaseli; i-Zinc ibamba iqhaza ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba.

• Amavithamini: U-Vithamini C (olondolozwe ngenxa yokuqiniswa okusheshayo ngo-300°C), amavithamini eqembu B, u-Vithamini E.

8. Izinzuzo Ezisetshenziswayo:

• Umsebenzi wokulwa ne-oxidation. Ama-Catechin (EGCG) aqeda ama-radical akhululekile. I-Selenium evela emhlabathini wase-Qiandongnan yengeza amandla okulwa ne-oxidation.

• Umphumela wokuvuselela. I-Caffeine, ngokubambisana ne-L-theanine, inikeza ukuhlaziya okuthambile ngaphandle kokukhathazeka. Ukukhipheka ngamandla emanzini ≥42% kusho ukuqina okuphezulu kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo ezisemzimbeni enkomishini ngayinye.

• Ukusekela ngama-microelement. I-Selenium — ukuvikela amaseli ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidation, ukusekela ukusebenza kwendlala yegilo. I-Zinc — ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba, ukuphiliswa kwezicubu.

• Ukusekela ukugayeka. Ama-polyphenol aphakathi nendawo (14–14.5%) akhuthaza ngokuthambile ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi esiswini ngaphandle kokucasula ulwelwesi.

• Ukusekela inhliziyo nemithambo. Ama-Catechin asiza ekwehliseni i-LDL, ekwenzeni umfutho wegazi ube njengokwejwayelekile.

• Ukusekela ukusebenza kwengqondo. I-L-theanine ikhuthaza ama-α-wave ebuchosheni, ithuthukise ukugxila namandla okufunda.

• Ukuvikela uqweqwe lwamazinyo. I-fluoride etholakala etiyeni eliluhlaza iqinisa uqweqwe ngokwakheka kwe-fluorapatite.

• Ukusekela ukusebenza komzimba okuguqula ukudla. I-Caffeine uma ihlanganiswa nama-catechin ikhuthaza i-thermogenesis futhi isize ekuqhunyisweni kwamafutha, okuthi uma kuphuzwa njalo kungasiza ukugcina indlela yokudla enempilo.

• Umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane. Ama-Catechin akhombisa amandla okuvimba amagciwane emlonyeni, anciphisa ubungozi bokubola kwamazinyo futhi aqeda iphunga elibi lomlomo.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90°C emabangeni avamile. Kweliphakeme kakhulu — 80°C.

• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-100 ml wamanzi (isilinganiso 1:25–1:38 — okugxilile ukwedlula etiyeni eliningi eliluhlaza, okubangelwa ukubekwa kwalo njengesiphuzo «esigcwele»).

• Isitsha: I-porcelain gaiwan (盖碗) engu-100–150 ml noma ingilazi (玻璃杯). Kwetiye elinamafutha (油茶) ngokwesiko le-Dong — ibhodwe lensimbi.

• Inqubo:

  1. Fudumeza isitsha ngamanzi abilayo, ukhiphe amanzi.
  2. Thela u-3 g wethiye.
  3. Thela amanzi anezinga lokushisa elifanele.
  4. Ukuphuzwa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-30.
  5. Okulandelayo — +10–15 imizuzwana.
  6. Izinkomishi ezi-3 eziphelele. Ukukhipheka emanzini ≥42% kuqinisekisa umhluzo ogcwele ngisho nangempophoma yesithathu.

• Itiye le-Dong elinamafutha (油茶, yóuchá): Indlela yesiko — gawula iqabunga letiye ngamafutha etiye (茶油), engeza impephu (阴米), amantongomane, ijinjini, usawoti. Thela amanzi abilayo, uhlanze. Phakela ngezinkomishi ezincane ezinomdlelwano welayisi oqhumile. Le ndlela ayikona ukwenza itiye ngendlela evamile, kodwa ukulungiselela isobho le-tiye, eliveza «ukugcwala» kwe-Liping Xiāngchá ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele.

• Qaphela: Ngenxa yomswakama osele ophansi (≤6.5%) nokomiswa ngomshini, i-Liping Xiāngchá ibekezela ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kangcono kunamanye amatiye amaningi aluhlaza — ikhwalithi ayonakali ngokusobala phakathi nonyaka wokuqala ngisho nangaphandle kwesiqandisi (yize ukupholisa kusenconywa).

10. Ukulondolozwa:

• Izimo: Ukupakishwa okuvaleke ngokuphelele (izikhwama zokuphefumulelwa noma izimbiza ezinezembozo eziqinile). Ukugcinwa esiqandisini ku-0–5°C.
• Isikhathi sokusebenza: Kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingu-24 uma kugcinwe ngendlela — okude kakhulu kunakuningi etiyeni eliluhlaza (okuvamise ukuba izinyanga eziyi-12–18). Isizathu umswakama osele ophansi (≤6.5%), ofinyelelwa ngokomiswa ngomshini okunezigaba ezimbili.
• Izitha zethiye: Umswakama, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, amaphunga angaphandle, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Engumgunyathi:

• Ububanzi bentengo: Ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu (特级) — kusukela ku-RMB 300 nge-500 g. Ibanga lokuqala — RMB 150–300. Ibanga lesibili — RMB 80–150. Amandla amakhulu e-Liping Xiāngchá ukufinyeleleka ngezinga eliphakeme lokukhipheka emanzini: leli yitiye lemakethe eliphansi, lapho ubudlelwane «bentengo — umzimba enkomishini» bungolunye olungcono kakhulu e-China.

• Ungayigwema kanjani imikhiqizo engumgunyathi:

  • Thenga ngelebuli yesiqinisekiso sendawo ethi «黎平香茶».
  • Hlola isimo: i-Liping Xiāngchá yangempela inesimo esisontekile (卷曲形), iziphethu eziqinile ezisontekile ezinombala oluhlaza ocacile. Imikhiqizo engumgunyathi iyavuleka, ayifani.
  • Hlola umhluzo: umhluzo ogcwele, «ogcwele» ungumphumela oqondile wokukhipheka emanzini ≥42%. Umhluzo onganambitheki, omanzi kakhulu ukhomba igqolo elisezingeni eliphansi.
  • Hlola iphunga: le-castnut, elizinzile. Ukungabikho kwephunga le-castnut kuwuphawu lobuchwepheshe bokuqiniswa obonakele.
  • Qaphela intengo: itiye lebanga lesibili elingu-RMB 30–50 nge-500 g liyasolisakala.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Itiye labantu abangama-Dong negama elithi «shè». Olimini lwe-Dong kusasetshenziswa igama lakudala elithi «shè» (蔎) ukusho itiye — okuyilo kanye elabhalwa u-Yang Xiong encwadini ethi «Fangyan» eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili edlule. Umlando we-Ming uchaza ngokufingqiwe: «洞茶叶大而味美» — «Itiye labangama-Dong lineqabunga elikhulu, ukunambitheka kwalo kuhle kakhulu». Kanti izingoma zabangama-Dong ngokwazo — i-«Dàgē» (侗族大歌) — zifakwe emagugwini e-UNESCO.

• Ama-269 800 mu — «umbuso» wetiye. Ububanzi bezinsimu zetiye zase-Liping bungenye yezinkulu kakhulu e-Guizhou. Uma kuqhathaniswa: lokhu kukhulu ukwedlula yonke indawo yamasimu e-Anji Bai Cha edumile (170 000 mu) futhi kucishe kulingane namasimu ase-Wuyishan.

• Ukukhipheka emanzini +5–9% ngaphezu kwendinganiso kazwelonke. Izinga lezinto ezincibilikayo ≥42% lapho umkhawulo ophansi we-GB ungu-34% — kungumphumela wendlela yokwenza i-「guǎ rìzhào」: ukuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-800, ukufiphala ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-180, nokukhanya okuhlakazekile okungaphezu kuka-70% kwenza kwehle ijubane ukuguqulwa kwama-amino acid abe yi-polyphenol, kulondolozwe «umzimba» enkomishini.

• Izihlahla zasendle zasendulo zase-Taiping Shan. Esigodlweni i-Deshun entabeni i-Taiping Shan (太平山) kusekhona amaqembu ezihlahla zetiye zasendle — okuyisizinda sofuzo, esisetshenziselwa ukuhluma kwezinhlobo zendawo eziphilayo.

• Ukuthunyelwa e-Central Asia. Indlela engavamile yetiye lase-China eliluhlaza: i-Liping Xiāngchá ithunyelwa emazweni ngokwesiko ancamela itiye elimnyama. Ngaphandle kwalokho, itiye lithunyelwa e-Beijing nase-Shanghai — ngaphakathi ezweni emakethe yamadolobha amakhulu.

• Itiye elinamafutha «yóuchá» (油茶). Isiko le-Dong lokulungiselela itiye lifaka ukugawulwa kweqabunga ngamafutha etiye nempephu, amantongomane, ijinjini nosawoti — kuphuma isiphuzo esinomsoco-soso, esiphuzwa nsuku zonke. Itiye elinamafutha akulona nje ukudla, kodwa liyisiko lokwamukela izivakashi: ukwenqaba inkomishi ye-«yóuchá» emzini wakwa-Dong kuyiphutha elikhulu ekuhlonipheni amasiko.

• **Itiye «eliculayo». Isifunda i-Liping siyindawo yokuzalwa yezingoma eziphindaphindayo ze-«Dàgē» (侗族大歌), ezathi yi-UNESCO zaqashelwa njengamagugu angaphatheki esintu. Idolobhana nje lase-Sanlong (三龙) lithumele abantu abangaphezu kwe-100 emaqenjini ezinga likazwelonke, abangu-16 bahlanganyela emakhonsathini amazwe. Itiye nengoma yizimpawu ezimbili zesiko lama-Dong, ezihlobene ngokungenakuhlukaniseka empilweni yansuku zonke yesifunda.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye ama-Tea Aluhlaza:

• Dūyún Máojiān (都匀毛尖, Dūyún Máojiān): Itiye eliluhlaza elisezingeni eliphezulu lase-Guizhou, elinye «lamatiye ayishumi adumile ase-China». Linoboya, lithambile, intengo yalo iphezulu. I-Liping Xiāngchá iyindlela ehamba phambili enkulu: ayihle kangako, kodwa ifinyeleleka kakhulu futhi inomzimba ogcwele kakhulu.

• Méitán Cuìyá (湄潭翠芽, Méitán Cuìyá): Omunye umfutho wase-Guizhou, isimo esiyisicaba (ngendlela ye-Longjing). I-Liping Xiāngchá yehluke ngesimo esisontekile, umzimba ogcwele kakhulu, nokuhloswe ngayo imakethe enkulu.

• Bìluóchūn (碧螺春, Bìluóchūn): Isimo esisontekile, iphunga lezithelo nezimbali, umzimba othambile. Ukukhipheka emanzini — 36–38%. I-Liping Xiāngchá — igcwele kakhulu (≥42%) futhi ifinyeleleka ngokuphindaphindekile ngentengo.

• Zhūchá (珠茶, Zhūchá, «gunpowder»): Itiye eliluhlaza elikhulu elithunyelwa ngaphandle eliyindilinga. Kuyefana ngokuma (imakethe enkulu), kodwa i-Liping Xiāngchá yephula amandla ngokwe profiling yephunga nangokukhipheka emanzini.

• Léishān Yínqiú Chá (雷山银球茶, Léishān Yínqiú Chá): I-«silver ball» ehlukile evela esifundeni esingumakhelwane i-Leishan, eyakhiwe ngesandla. Isezingeni eliphezulu, iyabiza. I-Liping Xiāngchá iyindlela yokulinganisa enkulu evela esifundeni i-Qiandongnan, kodwa inetekhnoloji esebenza ngomshini.

Sengiphetha:

I-Liping Xiāngchá — itiye «lesintu» lase-Guizhou: nakuba lingafuni ubuhle be-Longjing noma ubumnandi obuyinkimbinkimbi be-Bi Luo Chun, lizuza ngokufinyeleleka, ikhwalithi ezinzile, nokukhipheka emanzini okungaphezu kwendinganiso kazwelonke ngo-5–9%. Emuva kwale ndlela yokwenza «yezinkumbi» kunomhlaba wabantu abangama-Dong, izingoma zabo eziphindaphindayo zikhala ngaphansi kwezakhiwo ze-UNESCO, izihlahla zetiye zasendle zase-Taiping Shan, i-«gòngchá» ye-Ming, kanye nama-269 800 mu amasimu akhiqiza amathani ayi-15 200 etiye ngonyaka. Iphunga le-castnut, umzimba ogcwele, kanye nentengo eqotho — indlela eqiniselwe yi-«香浓味醇», ehlolwe isikhathi kusukela ku-«Canon Yethi» ka-Lu Yu kuze kufike ezingeni le-T/LPCX 01-2020. Leli yitiye lalabo abazazisa okungaphakathi enkomishini, hhayi ukumaketha — futhi lalabo abaziyo ukuthi amatiye aqotho kakhulu avame ukuvela ezindaweni lapho izintaba zicula ngamazwi amaningi, nelithi «itiye» lizwakala ngendlela efanayo neminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule.