Língyún Lǜchá

I-Língyún Lǜchá (凌云绿茶, Língyún lǜchá) iyitiye eliluhlaza elivela esifundeni sase-Língyún (凌云县, Língyún Xiàn) edolobheni laseBǎisè (百色市, Bǎisè Shì), esifundazweni esizimele saseGuǎngxī Zhuàng (广西壮族自治区). Likhishwa ngesimila esiyingqayizivele Língyún Báiháo Zhǒng (凌云白毫种) , esaziwa nangokuthi Huáchá No. 26 (华茶26号) — esinye sezitshalo zokuqala ezingama-21 zetiye ezigunyazwe uMnyango Wezolimo we-People’s Republic of China ngo-1965. Lesi yisimila esiyingxenye yesihlahla, esinamaqabunga amakhulu (小乔木大叶种, xiǎo qiáomù dàyè zhǒng): izihlahla zifinyelela ukuphakama okungu-6–9 m, amahlumela makhulu, anyinyekile, anoboya obumhlophe obuningi — yingakho igama elithi “白毫” (báiháo, “uboya obumhlophe”). Iphrofayili yamakhemikhali iyahlaba umxhwele: i-polyphenols — 35.6%, ama-catechins — 182.92 mg/g — izilinganiso ezifaniswa namatiye aseYúnnán anamaqabunga amakhulu futhi aphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza ase China. Isimila i-Língyún Báiháo sihlukile ngokuthi singakhiqiza zonke izigaba eziyisithupha zetiye (六大茶类) — “isihlahla esisodwa, ukuguqulwa okuyinkulungwane” (一茶千化, yī chá qiān huà). Ngo-1915, itiye lathola indondo yesibili embukisweni wamazwe ngamazwe wasePanama (巴拿马国际食品博览会二等奖), kwathi ngo-2005 lathola uphawu lwendawo lwe-PRC. Ngo-2024, indawo yezingadi zetiye esifundeni yayisifikile ku-112,500 mu (cishe 7,500 ha), umkhiqizo wonyaka wawungamathani angu-8,326, inani elihlanganisiwe lomkhiqizo lalingama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-716.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavuthisiwe. Likhiqizwa ngezindlela eziningana: Báiháo Wáng (白毫王, “iNkosi Yoboya Obumhlophe”) — “izinaliti” eziqondile (针形, zhēnxíng); Língluóchūn (凌螺春) — ukusonteka okuvunguzayo (螺形); Báiháo Yínzhēn (白毫银针) — ihlumela elilodwa. Ubuchwepheshe — ukugazingwa ngenqubo ekhethekile “yokugazinga kathathu kancane emazingeni aphansi okushisa” (低温慢炒三青, dīwēn mànchǎo sān qīng) kanye nokushisisa kokugcina ukuze “kuphakanyiswe iphunga” (复香, fùxiāng).

• Isigaba: Umkhiqizo ophawu lwendawo lwe-PRC (国家地理标志产品, 2005; uphawu lokuhweba — 2016). Isimila i-Huáchá No. 26 — esinye sezitshalo zokuqala ezingama-21 zetiye zikazwelonke (1965). Isimila setiye sezinga lokuqala likazwelonke (国家级茶树良种, 1984). Indondo yesibili embukisweni wamazwe ngamazwe wokudla wasePanama (巴拿马国际食品博览会二等奖, 1915). Iwine izindondo eziningi emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe ngamazwe: igolide esigabeni setiye elibomvu neliphuzi, isiliva — eliluhlaza (II kanye ne-III Imiqhudelwano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yamagama Atiye). I-Língyún — esinye sezifunda zokuqala ezingama-20 zikazwelonke zokuboniswa kwetiye eliphephile (全国无公害茶叶生产示范基地县, 2001).

• Imvelaphi: I-China, i-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū), idolobha i-Bǎisè (百色市, Bǎisè Shì), izifunda i-Língyún (凌云县) kanye ne-Lèyè (乐业县, Lèyè Xiàn). Inhliziyo yokukhiqiza — izintaba ze-Cénwáng Lǎoshān (岑王老山) kanye ne-Qīnglóng Shān (青龙山), 800–1500 m.

• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 24°06′–24°36′ N, 106°23′–106°55′ E.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-300 yokutshalwa. Ukutshalwa kwetiye e-Língyún kubhalwe kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi ye-Qīng (清, 1644–1912). Indawo inamaqembu ezihlahla zetiye zasendle nezisagangile ezineminyaka eminingana, kanti ezinye ezikhule zodwa ezindaweni ezivikelekile ze-Cénwáng Lǎoshān zifinyelela ukuphakama okungu-8.5 m futhi zilinganiselwa ukuthi zineminyaka engaphezu kwe-1,000. Ngenkathi ka-Qiánlóng (乾隆, 1736–1795), itiye lendawo laba “gòngchá” (贡茶) — “itiye lokwethula” enkantolo yombuso, okuqinisekisa idumela lalo lokuqala.

• 1915 — Umkhosi wamazwe ngamazwe wasePanama. Emkhosini odumile wasePanama wango-1915 — ongomunye wemicimbi emikhulu yamazwe ngamazwe yezohwebo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 — itiye lase-Língyún lathola indondo yesibili (二等奖). Lokhu kwaba okunye ukuhlonishwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kokuqala kwetiye laseGuǎngxī futhi kwafaka i-Língyún Báiháo emephini yomhlaba yokutshalwa kwetiye.

• 1965 — Huáchá No. 26. UMnyango Wezolimo we-PRC kanye ne-Tea Research Institute ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (中国农业科学院茶叶研究所) benza ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe kwezitshalo zetiye zezwe lonke. I-Língyún Báiháo yafakwa phakathi kwezitshalo zokuqala ezingama-21 zetiye zikazwelonke futhi yathola inombolo yokubhalisa i-Huáchá 26 — esinye sezitshalo ezimbalwa zaseGuǎngxī kulolu hlu olukhethekile.

• 1984 — isimila sezinga lokuqala likazwelonke. I-Chinese Tea Cultivar Certification Committee (中国茶树良种审定委员会) yanikeza i-Língyún Báiháo isikhundla sesimo esihle sikahulumeni (国家级茶树良种) sesigaba sokuqala. Ngonyaka ofanayo, lesi simila sethulwa engqungqutheleni kazwelonke yokuhlukaniswa kwezolimo futhi safakwa encwadini ethi “Collection of Outstanding Tea Cultivars of China” (《中国茶树优良品种集》).

• 2005 — uphawu lwendawo. I-General Administration of Quality of the PRC (国家质检总局) yagunyaza ukuvikelwa kwe-“Língyún Báimáo Chá” njengomkhiqizo ophawu lwendawo.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko. I-Bǎisè — idolobha elinomlando “obomvu” (wenguquko): yilapha ngo-December 1929, ngaphansi kobuholi buka-Dèng Xiǎopíng (邓小平), kwenzeka khona i-Bǎisè Uprising (百色起义, Bǎisè Qǐyì), okwaba esinye izigameko ezibalulekile emzabalazweni we-Chinese Communist Party. I-Língyún Lǜchá — uphawu “oluhlaza” lwalo mhlaba “obomvu”. I-Língyún — esinye sezifunda ezimpofu kakhulu eGuǎngxī, futhi imboni yetiye ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile lokulwa nobumpofu: ngo-2024, izingadi zetiye zithatha indawo engu-112,500 mu, zihlinzeka ngomsebenzi emindenini eyizinkulungwane yezinhlanga ezimbalwa zamaZhuàng kanye namaYáo (瑶族). Isimila i-Língyún Báiháo, esikwazi ukukhiqiza zonke izigaba eziyisithupha zetiye, saziwa ngokuthi “isihlahla esisodwa, ukuguqulwa okuyinkulungwane” (一茶千化) — ukusebenza okuyingqayizivele okungenakufaniswa ne-Asia.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:

• Isimila: Língyún Báiháo Zhǒng (凌云白毫种) , okuyinto futhi Huáchá No. 26 (华茶26号) — Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (ngokwesinye isigaba — var. pubilimba, kusacaciswa). Uhlobo oluyingxenye yesihlahla (小乔木, xiǎo qiáomù). Amaqabunga amakhulu (大叶类, dàyè lèi), isivuno esiphakathi (中生种, zhōngshēng zhǒng). Ukusabalalisa — ngembewu (有性繁殖系, yǒuxìng fánzhí xì). Izimpawu zezitshalo:

  • Ukuphakama — kufinyelela ku-6–9 m lapho kukhula ngokukhululeka; emasimini kugcinwa ngokuthena ku-1–1.5 m.
  • Ukumila — kusabalala kancane (半张开, bàn zhāngkāi), amagatsha amancane uma kuqhathaniswa.
  • Amaqabunga — makhulu, ayi-ellipse, avundlile noma alenga kancane. Aluhlaza okotshani okumnyama, abonakala efiphele, anendawo evuvukele (叶面隆起). Imithambo ibonakala kahle. Uhlangothi lwangaphansi (abaxial) — lunoboya obuningi.
  • Amahlumela — makhulu, anyinyekile, anoboya obumhlophe obude obuningi (茸毫长而密). Ubunzima bamahlumela ayi-100 anamaqabunga amabili (一芽三叶百芽重) — ngokwesilinganiso 99 g — kukhulu kakhulu kunezitshalo ezinamaqabunga aphakathi.
  • Ihlumela lentwasahlobo — e-Língyún liqala ukukhula maphakathi no-March; isikhathi esiphakeme sokuvuna (一芽三叶) — ekupheleni kuka-March — ekuqaleni kuka-April.
  • Ukuqhakaza — November-December, izithelo zincane.

• I-Biochemistry (ngokwe-Tea Research Institute of CAAS):

  • Ama-amino acids — 3.36%.
  • Ama-polyphenols — 35.6% — esinye sezinga eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza.
  • Ama-catechins — 182.92 mg/g — amandla anti-oxidant ayingqayizivele.
  • I-caffeine — 4.91%.
  • Izinto ezi-extractable emanzini — ziphakeme.

• Amazinga:

  • Okuphakeme kakhulu (特级): Ihlumela elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa, uboya ≥90%, iphunga le-castnut elinokunambitheka “okugcwele” (板栗香). Okwehlobo elithi Báiháo Wáng — “izinaliti” eziqondile.
  • Owokuqala (一级): Ihlumela elilodwa + amaqabunga amabili, ukusonteka okuqinile.
  • Owesibili (二级): Iqabunga elivuthiwe, umugqa wenqwaba.

4. Indawo (Terroir) Nezici Zokutshala:

• Indawo yezwe. I-Língyún — isifunda sezintaba lapho kuhlangana khona i-Yúnnán-Guìzhōu Plateau kanye ne-Guǎngxī Basin. Indawo — izintaba ze-karst (喀斯特, kāsītè), imifula ejulile, imifudlana yezintaba. Izingadi zetiye zitholakala ikakhulukazi emithambekeni yezintaba ze-Cénwáng Lǎoshān kanye ne-Qīnglóng Shān, ekuphakameni okungu-800–1500 m — endaweni enamafu. Uhlobo oluyisici lwezwe — “izingadi zetiye zasemifuleni” (峡谷溪涧茶园): imigqa yezihlahla zetiye ihamba eduze kwemifudlana yezintaba emifuleni emincane, ithola ukufiphala kwendalo kanye nomswakamo omkhulu.

• Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon (亚热带季风气候). Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo — 19–23°C. Imvula yonyaka — 1700–1800 mm. Izinsuku ezinamafu nenkungu — ngaphezu kwe-100 ngonyaka. Umehluko wokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku mkhulu, ikakhulukazi endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000–1500. Umswakamo womoya — ≥90% endaweni enamafu.

• Inhlabathi: Ihlakazeke emadwaleni asemlilothonjeni (火山岩风化土, huǒshān yán fēnghuà tǔ) ezintabeni ze-Cénwáng Lǎoshān kanye ne-Qīnglóng Shān. I-acidic (pH 4.5–5.5). Okuqukethe izinto eziphilayo — 3.0–4.5‰. Icebile ngamaminerali. Ukukhuphuka kwamanzi okuhle ngenxa yesisekelo esinamadwala.

• Imvelo: Umbuso wehlathi — 76.7% — ongomunye ophezulu kakhulu phakathi kwezifunda zetiye zaseGuǎngxī. Imithombo yamanzi — imifudlana yezintaba, ikilasi lokuqala lokuhlanzeka. Inhliziyo yokukhiqiza — amadolobhana i-Yùhóng (玉洪乡) kanye ne-Jiāyóu (加尤镇). I-biodiversity — iphakeme: amahlathi e-karst asekela izilwane nezitshalo ezicebile, izitha zemvelo zezilokazane zetiye zanele ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.

• Isilinganiso. Ngo-2024: izingadi zetiye — 112,500 mu (cishe 7,500 ha), umkhiqizo wonyaka wetiye elomile — amathani angu-8,326, inani elihlanganisiwe lomkhiqizo — ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-716. I-Língyún — isifunda setiye esikhulu kunazo zonke eGuǎngxī futhi esisodwa sezifunda ezibaluleke kakhulu eNingizimu China.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile be-“低温慢炒三青” (dīwēn mànchǎo sān qīng) — “ukugazinga kancane kathathu emazingeni aphansi okushisa ukuze kugcinwe iphunga loboya obumhlophe ngokuphelele”. Yonke inqubo yenziwa ngamathuluzi oqalo hlanga (全程竹木器具加工, quánchéng zhú mù qìjù jiāgōng) — insimbi ayithinti iqabunga, okuvimbela ukuba mnyama ngenxa ye-oxidation kanye nokunuka.

• Ukuhlalisa (摊青, tān qīng): Kuthatha isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa (摊放时间较长) — kude kunamatiye amaningi aluhlaza. Kuvumela amahlumela amakhulu, abuthakathaka ukuthi alahlekelwe umswakamo ngokulinganayo futhi akhe izandulela zephunga.

• “Ukubulala okuluhlaza” (杀青, shā qīng): Izinga lokushisa — 180–200°C. Izinga lokulungisa — ngamabomu lijulile (杀青程度偏重): lokhu kubulala umsebenzi we-enzyme osele ezintweni eziluhlaza ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ezinama-polyphenols aphezulu (35.6%), okuvimbela ukuba nsundu. Ngokushesha ngemva kokulungisa — ukupholisa ngefeni (扇风散热, shàn fēng sàn rè) ukuvimbela “ukuphuzi” (防闷黄, fáng mèn huáng) — inqubo eyisisekelo evimbela ukuguqukela esigabeni setiye eliphuzi ngokuzenzakalelayo.

• Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukwakheka kwesimo sokuqala — kwe-Báiháo Wáng — “izinaliti” eziqondile, kwe-Língluóchūn — ukusonteka okuvunguzayo.

• “Ukugazinga kancane kathathu” (炒干 — 三青, chǎo gān — sān qīng): Isigaba esibalulekile. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi, inqubo ehamba kancane, umjikelezo kathathu: ukugazinga → ukupholisa → ukuphinda ukugazinga → ukupholisa → ukugazinga kokugcina. “Umlilo omncane, isikhathi eside, ukuphonsa kancane kaninginingi” (小火长时间多次慢抛). Inhloso — ukugcinwa okukhulu koboya obumhlophe (白毫) kanye nokwakheka kwephunga le-castnut elijulile (板栗香) ngaphandle kokushiswa. Yile ndlela ehlukanisa i-Língyún Lǜchá kwamanye amatiye aluhlaza anamaqabunga amakhulu.

• Ukushisisa kokugcina / “ukubuyisa iphunga” (复香, fùxiāng): Ukufudumala okuncane ukuze “kuphakanyiswe” iphunga futhi kufinyelelwe umswakamo ophansi noma olinganayo ku-≤6%.

6. Izici Zokunambitha (Organoleptic):

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Kuncike esimweni. Báiháo Wáng — “izinaliti” eziqondile ezinoboya obumhlophe obuningi, ezifana nezinduku zesiliva (形似银针, xíng sì yínzhēn). Língluóchūn — ukusonteka okuqinile. Umbala — oluhlaza onezikhala ezimhlophe ezinoboya (条索紧结、白毫显露, tiáosuǒ jǐnjié, báiháo xiǎnlù). Izimpawu ezinhlanu ezidumile: “色翠、毫多、香高、味浓、耐泡” — “ubusundu obucwebezelayo, uboya obuningi, iphunga eliphakeme, ukunambitheka okugcwele, ukuhlala isikhathi eside”.

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: I-Castnut (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng) — okuyisisekelo futhi okuyisici esibalulekile. Elihlanzekile (清香, qīngxiāng). “Uboya” (毫香, háoxiāng) — iphunga elincane “lommbila”, okuyinto evamile ematyeni anoboya obuningi.

• Iphunga lokuphuzwa: I-Castnut — ijulile, ifudumele, ihlala isikhathi eside. “Uboya” — iphunga elimnandi elivelayo lapho kuphola. Iphunga lihlala enkomishini isikhathi eside, futhi iqabunga eliphekiwe ligcina iphunga ngisho nangemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa — okuyisici esingajwayelekile.

• Ukunambitheka: Okusha (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng). Okugcwele (浓醇, nóngchún) — umzimba wokuphuzwa ugcwele, unesakhiwo esicacile, okungajwayelekile ematyeni aluhlaza futhi kubangelwa izinga eliphezulu lama-polyphenols (35.6%). Ukubuya kobumnandi (回甘) — kuhlala isikhathi eside, okude. Ukuhlala — ukuchitheka okugcwele okungu-4–5 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa isici, nakho okungajwayelekile futhi kuchazwa ngokuba namaqabunga amakhulu kwezinto eziluhlaza.

• Umbala wokuphuzwa: Oluhlaza okotshani obuthambile, ohlanzekile futhi okhanyayo (嫩绿清澈, nèn lǜ qīngchè). Ngokuchitheka kwesibili noma kwesithathu — unomthunzi ophuzi omncane.

• Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Oluhlaza okwe-olive, oluthambile, olucwebezelayo (青橄榄色、匀嫩亮润, qīng gǎnlǎn sè, yún nèn liàng rùn). Amaqabunga — makhulu, aphelele, anoboya obubonakalayo. Lapho kuphuzwa engilazini yegilasi — amaqabunga ehlela “eme”, njengamahlumela entwasahlobo, — umphumela obukekayo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-polyphenols (茶多酚): 35.6% — esinye sezinga eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza ase China, elifaniswa namatiye aseYúnnán anamaqabunga amakhulu (Diānlǜ, Pǔ’ěr Shēng). Izinga eliphezulu libangelwa ubukhulu besimila, isimo sezulu esisubtropical esinokukhanya okunamandla, kanye nenhlabathi yasemlilothonjeni ekhuthaza ukuhlangana kwama-phenolic.

• Ama-catechins (儿茶素, ér chá sù): 182.92 mg/g — amandla anti-oxidant ayingqayizivele. Izingxenye eziyinhloko — i-EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), i-EGC, i-ECG, i-EC. Ukuqhathanisa: itiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile elinamaqabunga aphakathi liqukethe ama-catechins angu-80–120 mg/g.

• Ama-amino acids (氨基酸): 3.36% — isilinganiso esiphakathi, esivamile ezimileni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu zaseningizimu. Isilinganiso sama-polyphenols kuma-amino acids (酚氨比) — siphakeme (cishe 10.6:1), okunquma iphrofayili “egcwele, enesakhiwo” yokunambitheka enokubabayo okubonakalayo nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside ngemva kokuphuza.

• I-caffeine (咖啡碱): 4.91% — ephakeme, okunikeza umphumela wokuqinisa okhulayo.

• Amavithamini: Uvithamini C — ugcinwa ngenxa “yokugazinga kancane kathathu” emazingeni aphansi okushisa. Amavithamini B (B₁, B₂, B₃). Uvithamini E.

• Izimbiwa: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-iron, i-fluoride. Ingxubevange yasemlilothonjeni inikeza iphrofayili yezimbiwa ebanzi.

• Isici esiyingqayizivele: Inhlanganisela yamaqabunga amakhulu, ama-polyphenols angu-35.6% kanye nama-catechins angu-182.92 mg/g ngama-amino acids angu-3.36% yakha iphrofayili engajwayelekile yetiye eliluhlaza futhi esondela kuleyo “ye-Pǔ’ěr” — egxile emzimbeni, esakhiweni nasokuhlaleni, hhayi ekukhanyeni nase “kubusha”.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Umphumela onamandla we-anti-oxidant. Ama-catechins angu-182.92 mg/g — okunye ukugxila okuphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza. I-EGCG — i-catechin eyinhloko — yamukelwa njengenye yama-anti-oxidants emvelo anamandla kakhulu, anqanda ama-radical akhululekile futhi abambezele ukuguga kwamaseli.

• Umphumela wokuqinisa okhulayo. I-caffeine engu-4.91% — engaphezu kwesilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza. Inikeza amandla, kuthuthukisa ukugxila nokukhumbula ukusebenza. Lapho ihlanganiswe ne-L-theanine — ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

• Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla. Izinga eliphezulu lama-polyphenols (35.6%) livuselela ukugcinwa kwama-enzyme okugaya, lisekela i-microflora enempilo yamathumbu.

• Ukuvikela inhliziyo. Ama-catechins kanye nama-polyphenols abamba iqhaza ekulawuleni izinga le-cholesterol, anciphisa i-oxidation ye-LDL, asekela ukuguquguquka kwemithambo yegazi.

• Ukusekela i-metabolism yamafutha. I-EGCG ivuselela i-thermogenesis kanye ne-oxidation yama-fatty acids — ukusekela okungaba khona kwe-metabolism.

• Umphumela wokulwa namagciwane. Ama-catechins acindezela ukukhula kwebhaktheriya eminingi eyingozi, kuhlanganise ne-Streptococcus mutans (ukubola kwamazinyo) kanye ne-Helicobacter pylori.

• Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba. Inhlanganisela yama-polyphenols kanye namavithamini C, E inamandla okulolonga amasosha omzimba.

• Ukusekela ubuchopho. I-L-theanine ivuselela ama-alpha waves ebuchosheni, ithuthukisa ukugxila nokuphumula ngaphandle kokuphatheka kabi.

9. Indlela Yokwenza Itiye:

• Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 80–85°C. Izinto eziluhlaza ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ezinama-polyphenols aphezulu zidinga izinga lokushisa eliphakathi ukuze kugwenywe ukubabayo okweqile.

• Ubungako betiye: 3 g ku-150 ml (isilinganiso 1:50).

• Izitsha: Ingilazi yegilasi (ukubuka “umdanso” wezinaliti ezinoboya). I-gaiwan. Iketela le-porcelain.

• Inqubo:

  1. Shisisa izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo, ukhiphe.
  2. Thela itiye.
  3. Indlela yokweqa phezulu (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ): okokuqala thela amanzi, bese wehlisa itiye. Amahlumela amakhulu, abuthakathaka e-Língyún Báiháo ehlela kancane futhi “eme” engilazini — umphumela obukekayo ofana namahlumela entwasahlobo.
  4. Ukuphuzwa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-30–45.
  5. Thela ukuphuzwa.
  6. Ukuphinda ukwenza — ukuchitheka okungu-4–5, ngalinye +15–30 imizuzwana. Ukuhlala — okunye “kwezimpawu ezinhlanu ezidumile” (耐泡): ngisho nangokuchitheka kwesihlanu ukunambitheka kuhlala kunesici.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Ukupakishwa okuvaliwe (isikhwama se-aluminium esinokukhishwa komoya nge-vacuum), efrijini 0–5°C. Isikhathi — kufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-12.

• Ukugcinwa isikhathi eside — ukufaka eqhweni (-18°C) ekupakisheni kwe-vacuum.

• Izitha zetiye: umswakamo, amaphunga angaphandle, ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Isimo sezulu esisubtropical saseGuǎngxī — umswakamo ophakeme; ukugcinwa ngaphandle kwefriji akunconywa.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

• Isigaba sentengo: Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu (Báiháo Wáng, ihlumela elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa) — kusuka ku-500–1,500 yuan/500 g kuye ngomkhiqizi nonyaka. I-Língluóchūn — 200–600 yuan/500 g. Okuningi — kusuka ku-100 yuan/500 g.

• Ukwazi ukugwema ukukhwabanisa:

  • Uphawu lwendawo (GI). Itiye langempela liphawulwa ngophawu “凌云白毫茶” noma “凌云绿茶”.
  • Ubukhulu bamahlumela. I-Língyún Báiháo yeqiniso — amahlumela amakhulu, abuthakathaka anoboya obumhlophe obuningi. Amahlumela amancane futhi acekeceke — uphawu lokushintsha ngesimila esinamaqabunga aphakathi.
  • Iphunga. I-Castnut (板栗香) + iphunga “loboya” (毫香). Ukuntuleka kwephunga elishile noma elimuncu.
  • Ukuhlala. Itiye langempela likwazi ukumelana nokuchitheka okungu-4–5. Uma ukunambitheka “kwehla” ngemva kokubili — kungenzeka ukuthi kushintshiwe.
  • Intengo. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu alikwazi ukubiza ngaphansi kuka-300 yuan/500 g. Izilinganiso ezishibhile ezingaphansi kophawu “Língyún Báiháo” ziyasolisa.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• 1915 — Indondo yasePanama. I-Língyún Báiháo — elinye lamatiye okuqala aseGuǎngxī ahlonishwa umhlaba wonke. Umkhosi wasePanama wango-1915 uphinde wadumisa i-Xī Hú Lóngjǐng, i-Xìnyáng Máojiān kanye namanye amatiye amakhulu ase China.

• Huáchá No. 26 — izihlahla ezingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-9. Isimila esiyingxenye yesihlahla — esikhulu ngokungajwayelekile etiyeni eliluhlaza. Amatiye amaningi aluhlaza ase China akhiqizwa ngezitshalo eziyizihlahla ezinamaqabunga aphakathi eziphakeme ngo-1–1.5 m; i-Língyún Báiháo lapho ikhula ngokukhululeka ifinyelela ukuphakama kwendlu enezitezi ezintathu.

• “Isihlahla esisodwa, ukuguqulwa okuyinkulungwane” (一茶千化). I-Língyún Báiháo — ingesinye sezitshalo ezimbalwa (futhi ngokolunye ulwazi, okuwukuphela kwaso e-Asia) ezikhiqiza zonke izigaba eziyisithupha zetiye: eliluhlaza, elibomvu, elimhlophe, eliphuzi, elimnyama (hēi chá) kanye ne-oolong. Itiye elibomvu elivela e-Língyún lithole izindondo zegolide emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe ngamazwe.

• Izingadi zetiye zasemifuleni. Imigqa yetiye yase-Língyún itholakala eduze kwemifudlana yezintaba emifuleni (峡谷溪涧) — uhlobo oluyisici lwezwe oluyingqayizivele olunikeza ukufiphala kwendalo, umswakamo ophakeme, nokuvikeleka emoyeni.

• Ama-catechins angu-182.92 mg/g. Omunye wemiphumela ephakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza ase China — efaniswa namatiye aseYúnnán anamaqabunga amakhulu, ngokwesiko athathwa njengama “champions” kuma-catechins. Ukuqhathanisa: i-Lóngjǐng ejwayelekile iqukethe ama-catechins angu-100–130 mg/g.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Nolunye Itiye Oluluhlaza:

• Itiye laseYúnnán eliluhlaza elinamaqabunga amakhulu (Diānlǜ, 滇绿). Womabili — anamaqabunga amakhulu, anama-polyphenols aphakeme kanye nama-catechins. I-Diānlǜ — ivela esimileni saseYúnnán esinamaqabunga amakhulu (C. sinensis var. assamica); i-Língyún — ivela e-Língyún Báiháo (C. sinensis var. sinensis, iyingxenye yesihlahla). I-Diānlǜ — ibaba kakhudlwana, “iqinile”; i-Língyún — inephunga le-castnut elicacile kanye nobuncane “loboya”. Zombili — zinamandla amakhulu e-anti-oxidant.

• Guìpíng Xīshān Chá (桂平西山茶). Lokhu futhi itiye laseGuǎngxī eliluhlaza, elivela esimileni esinamaqabunga amancane. I-Xīshān — ilula, ine-flowery; i-Língyún — igcwele, i-castnut. I-Xīshān — ivela emagqumeni asezansi (200–500 m); i-Língyún — ivela emifuleni yezintaba (800–1500 m). Izilinganiso ezihlukene: i-Língyún — 112,500 mu, i-Xīshān — incane kakhulu.

• Dòngtíng Bìluóchūn (洞庭碧螺春). I-Língluóchūn (凌螺春) — isimo esivunguzayo se-Língyún — yaqanjwa ngamabomu ngokufana ne-Bìluóchūn. Zombili — zivunguzayo, zinezikhala. I-Bìluóchūn — inamaqabunga amancane, i-flowery-fruity; i-Língluóchūn — inamaqabunga amakhulu, i-castnut. I-Bìluóchūn — 60,000–80,000 amahlumela/kg; i-Língluóchūn — incane kakhulu ngenxa yamahlumela amakhulu.

• Báishā Lǜchá (白沙绿茶). Itiye laseHǎinán eliluhlaza elinezwe eliyingqayizivele (i-meteorite crater). Zombili — zivela ezindaweni ezingavamile zokwakheka kwezwe (amadwala asemlilothonjeni e-Língyún, i-meteorite crater e-Báishā). I-Báishā — tropical, ukumila unyaka wonke; i-Língyún — subtropical, isikhathi esiphakeme sentwasahlobo. I-Báishā — inamaqabunga amancane; i-Língyún — inamaqabunga amakhulu.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Língyún Lǜchá — itiye elivela e-Bǎisè “ebomvu”, elazalelwa enhlabathini yasemlilothonjeni yase-Qīnglóng Shān, ezihlahleni eziyingxenye yesihlahla ezifinyelela kumamitha ayisishiyagalolunye ukuphakama, ngama-catechins angu-182.92 mg/g kanye nendondo yasePanama yango-1915. Isimila i-Huáchá No. 26 — esinye sezitshalo zokuqala zetiye zikazwelonke e China — sinikeza itiye elinephunga le-castnut eligcwele, ubuncane “loboya” kanye namandla anti-oxidant aqhudelana nezinkulungwane zaseYúnnán. Izimpawu ezinhlanu ezidumile — ubusundu obucwebezelayo, uboya obuningi, iphunga eliphakeme, ukunambitheka okugcwele, ukuhlala isikhathi eside — kanye namandla esihlahla esisodwa ukukhiqiza izigaba eziyisithupha zetiye kwenza i-Língyún Báiháo ibe esinye sezitshalo ezisebenza ngezindlela eziningi futhi ezinganakwa kakhulu e China.