Láoshān Lǜchá

I-Láoshān Lǜchá iyona yekhasini elisenyakatho kakhulu kunawo wonke amanye atshalwa kabanzi e-China, yazalelwa lapho amadwala e-granite entaba engcwele yamaDaoisi i-Láoshān kanye nomoya onosawoti woLwandle Oluphuzi kuhlangana khona. Leli tiye liwubufakazi obuphilayo bempumelelo yocwaningonto olukhulu lwezolimo oluthi «Nán chá běi yǐn» (南茶北引, «Ukususwa kwetiye laseningizimu eliswa enyakatho»), olwaqalwa ngeminyaka yo-1950 futhi lwaphikisana nenkolelo yamakhulu eminyaka yokuthi akunakwenzeka ukutshala itiye ngenzuzo enyakatho kwe-parallel engu-30.

1. Ukufakwa Ezigabeni kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (olungavuthiwe). Indlela yokulungisa ukushisisa embizeni (炒青, chǎoqīng).
• Isigaba: Amatiye aluhlaza aseNyakatho China. Laziwa ngokuthi «Jiāngběi dìyī míngchá» (江北第一名茶, Jiāngběi dìyī míngchá) — «Itiye Lokuqala Elidumile enyakatho komfula i-Yangtze».
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Shāndōng (山东省, Shāndōng Shěng), idolobha lase-Qīngdǎo (青岛市, Qīngdǎo Shì), isigodi sase-Láoshān (崂山区, Láoshān Qū). Indawo evikelwe ngokwezimpawu zendawo ihlanganisa izigatshana ezine zokuphatha (街道办事处, jiēdào bànshìchù): i-Wánggēzhuāng (王哥庄), i-Shāzǐkǒu (沙子口), i-Zhōnghán (中韩) ne-Běizhái (北宅). Lena ngenye yezindawo ezisenyakatho kakhulu emhlabeni lapho kutshalwa khona itiye elihwebayo — cishe ku-36° north latitude.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: 36°03′–36°20′ N, 120°24′–120°43′ E.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando:

Intaba i-Láoshān (崂山) ingesinye sezikhungo zakudala zobuDaoisi e-China, yaziwa ngokuthi «Hǎishàng dìyī míngshān» (海上第一名山) — «Intaba Yokuqala Edumile OkusoLwandle». Kodwa umlando wokutshalwa kwetiye lapha umfishane ngokumangazayo futhi waqala kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulunyaka lama-20.

Ngo-1957, uMnyango Wezingadi Nezamapaki wase-Qīngdǎo (青岛市园林管理处) wasungula iphrojekthi yokuthuthelisa izihlahla zetiye eziseningizimu enyakatho. Iqoqo lokuqala — izithombo ezingu-5 000 ezineminyaka emibili, ezalethwa zisuka e-Huángshān (esifundazweni sase-Ānhuī) — zatshalwa endaweni yezithombo epaki i-Zhōngshān (中山公园) ethambekeni eliseningizimu ye-Tàipíngshān. Ngenxa yesikhathi esingalungile sokumbiwa kanye nokulimala kwezimpande, zonke izithombo zafa entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo.

Naphezu kwalokhu kwehluleka, imizamo yaqhubeka. Ngo-1959, iphrojekthi ethi «Nán chá běi yǐn» (南茶北引, «Ukususwa kwetiye laseningizimu eliswa enyakatho») yamukelwa ngokusemthethweni njengempumelelo: kwenziwa impumelelo yokumiliswa okuzinzile kwezithombo ezivela esifundazweni sase-Ānhuī, Zhèjiāng kanye ne-Fújiàn emithambekeni yentaba i-Láoshān, eduze kwesigodlo sezindela samaDaoisi i-Tàiqīnggōng (太清宫, Tàiqīnggōng) — «Isigodlo Sokuhlanzeka Okuphakeme». Lo mphumela waphikisana nombono owamukelekile kwezesayensi wokuthi akunakwenzeka ukutshala itiye enyakatho ye-parallel engu-30.

Esigabeni sokuqala, ukumiliswa kwahlala kuphansi, futhi ukutshalwa kwenqwaba akuzange kwenziwe. Ngo-1972, iphephandaba i-«Rénmín Rìbào» (《人民日报》) lashicilela umbiko ngempumelelo «yetiye laseningizimu enyakatho» e-Shāndōng. Ngo-1973, uMnyango Wezolimo wabamba inkomfa yezifundazwe eziyisithupha esifundeni sase-Rìzhào (日照) mayelana nokwabelana ngolwazi nge-«Nán chá běi yǐn, xī qiān» (南茶北引西迁) — «Ukususwa kwetiye laseningizimu eliswa enyakatho nasentshonalanga». Kusukela ngeminyaka yo-1990, uhulumeni wedolobha lase-Qīngdǎo wamukela uchungechunge lwezinhlelo zokusekela: izibonelelo, ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe, ukukhuthaza abalimi ukuba bashintshe ukusuka emasimini okusanhlamvu okuvamile baye ekutshalweni kwetiye. Ngo-2004, indawo yamasimu etiye esigodini i-Láoshān yayidlula ama-12 000 mu (cishe amahektha angu-800), kwathi ngenyanga kaNhlaba walowo nyaka kwaba ne-«Mkhosi wokuqala weLáoshān Tea» (崂山茶节), lapho kwavezwa khona izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60.

Ngo-2004, kwaqala ukusungulwa amazinga endawo: «Umyalelo Wezobuchwepheshe Wokukhiqiza» kanye «noMyalelo Wezobuchwepheshe Wokwenza» itiye eliluhlaza le-Láoshān — okungamazinga okuqala etiye e-Qīngdǎo. Ngo-2006, i-State Administration for Quality Supervision (国家质检总局) yanikeza itiye le-«Láoshān Lǜchá» isimo somkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo oluvikelwe (地理标志产品保护, i-Decree No. 161). Ngo-2011, kwagunyazwa amazinga kazwelonke GB/T 26530-2011 «Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo — itiye eliluhlaza lase-Láoshān».

• Igama:

  • «Láoshān» (崂山) — intaba engcwele ngasogwini loLwandle Oluphuzi, esinye sezikhungo ezibalulekile zobuDaoisi, esidume ngamanzi ahlanzekile emithonjeni yasezintabeni. Umqagela «崂» uhlukile futhi utholakala cishe kuleli toponym kuphela.
  • «Lǜchá» (绿茶) — «itiye eliluhlaza».

• Ukuphawuleka kwamasiko: Naphezu komlando omfishane — ongaphezulu nje kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka — wokutshalwa kwetiye, itiye eliluhlaza lase-Láoshān seliyinto engafani nalutho «ekhulumela» i-Qīngdǎo kanye nayo yonke isifundazwe sase-Shāndōng. Lingenile ngokugcwele emasikweni endawo okwamukela izivakashi: ukuphakela i-Láoshān Lǜchá ezivakashini kuyinkombandlela yokuhlonipha, kanti itiye ngokwalo liyisipho esibalulekile emikhosini nasemishadweni e-Jiāodōng Peninsula (胶东半岛). Ukuxhumana okujulile nefa lamaDaoisi entaba i-Láoshān kunika itiye ubukhona obuthize obungokomoya, nakuba ngokomlando izindela ezingamaDaoisi lapha zingazange zikutshale itiye. Abakhiqizi besimanje basungula ngenkuthalo «izokuvakasha kwetiye» (茶旅融合), benikeza izivakashi ithuba lokuhlanganyela ekuvunweni nasekushiseni kwetiye ngenkathi bebuka izindawo ezinhle zezintaba namathempeli amaDaoisi.

3. Ukuchazwa Kwezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Uhlobo / i-Cultivar: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Kusetshenziswa ama-cultivar anamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo amancane amelana nesithwathwa, ajwayele isimo sezulu esibandayo sase-Shāndōng. Ngokwezinga likazwelonke, izinhlobo eziyinhloko okulandelayo: i-Huángshān qúntǐzhǒng (黄山群体种) — inani lezitshalo elihlanganisekile elivela e-Huángshān, i-Jiūkēng (鸠坑) — enye yama-cultivar amadala kakhulu ase-Zhèjiāng, i-Qímén (祁门), i-Lóngjǐng 43 (龙井43) — i-clone evuthwa kusenesikhathi, enesivuno esiphezulu, kanye ne-Fúdǐng Dà Bái (福鼎大白). Amahlumela ahluke ngobukhulu obuncane, amaqabunga amancane acwebezelayo ayindilinga anamazinga aphezulu e-chlorophyll kanye nengcwecwe yamaqabunga ewugqinsi — okungumphumela wokujwayela isimo sezulu esisenyakatho.
• Ukuvuna: Kunezikhathi ezintathu eziyinhloko: intwasahlobo (春茶, chūnchá, phakathi no-April — ekuqaleni kuka-May, kubhekwa njengokuhamba phambili), ihlobo (夏茶, xiàchá) kanye nasekwindla (秋茶, qiūchá). Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibandayo, ukukhula kuqala ngemuva kakhulu kunaseningizimu, — itiye lendawo livame ukuba ngelinye lokuqala ukuvuthwa endaweni yalo. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngesandla kakhulu.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Ezinhlotsheni eziphakeme kakhulu — igquma elilodwa kanye neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili amancane (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè; 一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè). Amaqabunga kufanele aphelele, abe nobucwebe, futhi alingane ngosayizi.
• Izidingo ezintweni ezingavuthiwe: Amahlumela amancane amasha, angonakalisiwe anobungqinsi bengcwecwe yamaqabunga obujwayelekile e-Láoshān. Amaqabunga abunile, anesithwathwa noma angalingani ngobudala awavumelekile.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

• Isigodi: Isigodi i-Láoshān siseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Shāndōng Peninsula, emazansi ogoqo lwezintaba i-Láoshān (崂山), ngasogwini ngqangi loLwandle Oluphuzi (黄海, Huánghǎi). Intaba i-Láoshān iyinkcochana ephezulu kakhulu esogwini e-China (isiqongo esikhulu i-Jùfēng, 巨峰, 1 132.7 m). Amasimu asemithambekeni emincane ( efinyelela ku-30°) nasemagqumeni, evikelwe emoyeni futhi ebheke elangeni (背风向阳, bèifēng xiàngyáng).
• Ukuphakama kokutshala: Kakhulu emithambekeni engaphansi — kusukela olwandle kuya ku-200–400 m. Ukuba seduze nolwandle kanye namadwala e-granite kwakha isimo sezulu sendawo esiyisimanga — okuyinto efana «nesicupho selanga», lapho emini amadwala eqongelela ukushisa, bese ebusuku ekudedela, elulaza umehluko wamazinga okushisa.
• Inhlabathi: Ama-brown earths (棕壤, zōng rǎng), athuthuke emadwaleni angummangaliso e-granite. Ungqimba olujulile oluvundile (okungenani amasentimitha angu-60), i-pH 4.5–6.5, okuqukethwe okuphilayo okungaphezulu kuka-1%. Imvelaphi ye-granite ihlinzeka ngokwakheka okucebile kwamaminerali: i-quartz, insimbi, i-zinc, i-selenium, i-manganese — okunika itiye iphrofayili yamaminerali ejwayelekile.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esilinganiselwe sasolwandle somoya (温带海洋性季风气候, wēndài hǎiyángxìng jìfēng qìhòu). Ihlobo elipholile, elinomswakama (izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lika-July lingu-+25°C) nobusika obubandayo (izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lika-January cishe lingu-−1°C, izinga eliphansi lifinyelela ku-−15°C). Isilinganiso saminyaka yonke semvula — cishe 700–800 mm. Inkungu evamile yasolwandle kanye nomoya wasolwandle kuqinisekisa umswakama ophezulu womoya kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwemvelo kokukhanya.
• Izici: Isici esiyinhloko sobuchwepheshe bezolimo — isidingo sokuvikela izihlahla zetiye esithwathweni sasebusika. Kusetshenziswa izindlu zokugcina ukushisa ze-polycarbonate, izembozo zefilimu kanye nokumboza. Ubusika obubandayo — abuyona nje inselele, kodwa futhi kuyinzuzo: isikhathi eside sokuphumula (cishe izinyanga ezi-5) kanye nokukhula okuhamba kancane esimweni sezulu esipholile kuvumela amaqabunga ukuthi aqongelele ama-amino acid amaningi kakhulu (ikakhulukazi i-L-theanine), izinto zamaminerali kanye ne-chlorophyll ukwedlula okutholakala eningizimu. Kusetshenziswa ukutshala phakathi kwemigqa kukabhontshisi wesoya (大豆间种, dàdòu jiānzhòng) ukuze kucebise inhlabathi nge-nitrogen ngokwemvelo — okuyindlela emisha eyasungulwa ngabalimi bendawo. Ukuze kuniselwe, kusetshenziswa amanzi ahlanzekile avela emithonjeni yasezintabeni e-Láoshān, okwakheka kwawo kwamaminerali nakho okuthonya ukunambitheka kwetiye.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Láoshān Lǜchá buhlose ukugcina ngokuphelele ubumnandi beqabunga kanye nokwenza iphunga elijwayelekile elithi «豌豆香» (wāndòu xiāng) — iphunga likabhontshisi ophekiwe (edamame), okuwuphawu oluhlonzayo lwaleli tiye. Kukhiqizwa izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: 卷曲形 (juǎnqū xíng) — isongwe (spiral) kanye 扁形 (biǎn xíng) — isicaba (ngendlela yase-Lóngjǐng).

• Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎi zhāi): Ukuvunwa ngesandla kwamahlumela amancane ekuseni. Ezinhlotsheni eziphakeme kakhulu — igquma elilodwa kanye neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili.

• Ukwendlala / Ukubuna (摊凉, tān liáng): Amaqabunga asanda kuvunwa endlalwa ngongqimba omncane emathreyini oqalo egunjini elipholile nelinomoya okungenani amahora ama-3–4 ukuze kususwe umswakama ongaphezulu futhi kuqale ukuguqulwa okuncane kwezinto eziphilayo, okulungiselela iqabunga ukushiswa.

• Ukulungisa / «Ukubulala uhlaza» (杀青, shāqīng): Lesi yisigaba esibalulekile. Amaqabunga asheshiswa ukushiswa emabhodweni ashisile ajikelezayo (滚筒杀青, gǔntǒng shāqīng) ezingeni lokushisa elingaba ngu-180°C. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lenza ama-enzyme e-oxidative angasebenzi, limisa inqubo yokuvutshelwa, futhi linike itiye amanothi awugqinsiwe (kabhontshisi, ama-chestnut, isinkwa esenziwe saba brown).

• Ukusonga / Ukwakheka (揉捻/做形, róuniǎn / zuò xíng): Amaqabunga anikezwa ukuma. Ngokuya ngesitayela:

  • Esongwe (卷曲形): Amaqabunga asongwa abe ngama-spiral, afana ne-Bìluóchūn. Lesi sitayela sisabalele kakhulu.
  • Isicaba (扁形): Amaqabunga ayacindezelwa, anikezwe ukuma okuyisicaba okulingisa i-Lóngjǐng. Lesi sitayela sigqamisa ukushelela nombala we-jade weqabunga.

• Ukwomisa (烘干, hōnggān): Ukwomisa kokugcina ezingeni lokushisa elipholile ukuze kususwe umswakama osele, kuzinziswe ukuma futhi kuzinziswe iphrofayili yephunga.

• Ukuhlunga (分级, fēnjí): Ukuhlunga ngesandla kwetiye eseliphelele: kususwa amaqabunga alimele, iziqu, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukufana. Ngokwezinga likazwelonke GB/T 26530-2011, itiye eseliphelele lihlukaniswa ngamabanga amane: elikhethekile (特级, tèjí, elinezigaba ezincane ezimbili), ibanga lokuqala (一级), ibanga lesibili (二级) kanye nebanga lesithathu (三级).

6. Izimpawu Ze-Organoleptic:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Kuya ngesitayela. Esongwe (卷曲形): ama-spiral amancane, aqinile anombala oluhlaza anoboya obumhlophe-siliva obubonakalayo. Isicaba (扁形): amaqabunga abushelelezi, ayizicaba anombala we-jade oluhlaza. Isici esihlonzayo kuzo zombili izitayela — amaqabunga awugqinsi futhi aminyene kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namatiye aluhlaza aseningizimu ye-China.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Likhanyayo, lipholile, linamanothi ajwayelekile kabhontshisi ophekiwe noma othosiwe we-edamame (豌豆香, wāndòu xiāng), ama-chestnut (栗香, lì xiāng), isinkwa esifudumele, ngezinye izikhathi — ummbila omtoti. Amanothi amancane ezimbali noma otshani.
• Iphunga lomhlinzeko: Ligcina amanothi kabhontshisi nawe-chestnut, ehambisana nobumnandi bukabiye oluhlaza, isipinashi, amanothi e-cream kanye namaminerali. Iphunga liyahlala, livela kancane kancane.
• Ukunambitheka: Isici esiyinhloko esihlukile — ubumnandi bemvelo obugqamile (甘醇, gānchún), ubulukhuni kanye nokuminyana komzimba (滋味浓, zīwèi nóng). Amanothi kabhontshisi we-edamame, izimbewu ezithosiwe, ibhotela, ubuncane bamaminerali. Ngokwenziwa kakhulu okulungile, ukubaba okucishe kube khona. Ukunambitheka okusele — okuhlala isikhathi eside, okumnandi, okuqabulayo, okunethoni yamaminerali (回甘, huígān). Itiye lihluke ngokumelana okuphezulu nokwenziwa (耐冲泡, nài chōngpào) — kufinyelela ekungeniseni okuphelele okungu-5–7.
• Umbala womhlinzeko: Okhanyayo, ohlanzekile, ophuzi okhanyayo noma ophuzi-oluhlaza (黄绿明亮, huánglǜ míngliàng), ngokuvamile unombala omncane «ophuzi» (带黄头, dài huángtóu) — okuyisici esijwayelekile esiwuhlukanisa namatiye aluhlaza aseningizimu. Ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala ukubaneka okuncane okuvela ezinhlayiyeni ezincane kakhulu zoboya obumhlophe.
• Indawo yasetiyeni (iqabunga elenziwe): Amaqabunga akhanyayo aluhlaza, anobucwebe, aphelele kanye namagquma. Amaqabunga avuleka kancane futhi hhayi ngokuphelele — ngisho nangemva kokungeniswa okuningana agcina ukushwabana okuncane, okuyinkombandlela yokuminyana kwengcwecwe yamaqabunga.

Isici esiyinhloko se-organoleptic ye-Láoshān Lǜchá sichazwa ngefomula: «叶片厚、豌豆香、滋味浓、耐冲泡» — «iqabunga eliwugqinsi, iphunga likabhontshisi, ukunambitheka okunothile, ukumelana nokwenziwa».

7. Ukwakheka Kwezamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol (ama-catechin): Okuqukethwe okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi i-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ehlinzeka ngezakhiwo ezinamandla zokulwa nama-oxidant.
• Ama-Amino acid: Okuqukethwe okwenyukile kwe-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-chá ānjiēsuān) — okungenye yezici eziyinhloko ze-Láoshān Lǜchá, okubangelwa ukukhula okuhamba kancane esimweni sezulu esipholile. I-L-theanine inika itiye ubumnandi bemvelo (umami) kanye nomphumela omncane wokuphumula. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kukhona i-GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) ngamanani amancane njengomphumela wokuhlukumezeka kwezitshalo okubangelwa amakhaza.
• Ama-Alkaloid: Okuqukethwe okuphakathi nendawo kwe-caffeine (咖啡因), i-theobromine kanye ne-theophylline, okuhlinzeka ngomphumela omncane wokugqugquzela.
• I-Chlorophyll: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chlorophyll b ngenxa yamaqabunga awugqinsi, aminyene, ajwayele imini ende yokukhanya yezindawo ezisenyakatho. Ihlinzeka ngombala oluhlaza onothile.
• Amaminerali: Icebile nge-zinc, i-selenium, i-manganese, insimbi, i-potassium, i-fluoride — umphumela wokwakheka okuyingqayizivele kwamaminerali enhlabathini ye-granite namanzi asezintabeni e-Láoshān.
• Amavithamini: Iqukethe amavithamini C, E, eqembu B, i-carotene.

8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:

• Ukuvikela ngama-Antioxidant: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-catechin namaminerali (i-selenium, i-zinc) kuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okusebenzayo kwamangqamuzana ekuhlukumezekeni okubangelwa i-oxidative.
• Ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi yobuchopho: Ukulingana okunomthelela omuhle kwe-L-theanine ne-caffeine kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo nokucaca komcabango ngaphandle kokuvusa ngokweqile.
• Ukusekela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-polyphenol etiye eliluhlaza asiza ukulungisa umethabolizimu wamafutha kanye nokuthuthukisa ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.
• Umphumela wokuphumula nokulwa nengcindezi: Ukuqukethwe okwenyukile kwe-L-theanine kusiza ukwehlisa izinga lengcindezi nokuthuthukisa umoya.
• Ukusekela amasotsha omzimba: Inhlanganisela yamaminerali (i-selenium, i-zinc, i-manganese) evela enhlabathini eyingqayizivele ye-granite iqinisa imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba.
• Ukuthuthukisa imethabolizimu: Kusiza ekucubungulweni kwamafutha kanye nokwenza umzimba ube nesithako esivamile.

9. Ukwenziwa Kakuhle:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 70–80°C. Amanzi ashisayo kakhulu azokhulisa ukubaba futhi «ashise» amaqabunga athambile.
• Isilinganiso setiye: 5–7 g emanzini angu-150–200 ml ngendlela yokungenisa (功夫泡法, gōngfu pàofǎ); 2–3 g ku-200 ml yokumunca engilazini.
• Izitsha: I-gàiwǎn (盖碗, gàiwǎn) eyenziwe nge-porcelain — iyinketho yendabuko. Ingilazi noma i-beaker yegilazi — kuvumela ukubuka ukuvuleka kwamaqabunga awugqinsi, aminyene. Iketela le-porcelain. Akunconywa ubumba lwe-Yīxīng — lumunca iphunga elincane likabhontshisi.
• Inqubo (indlela yokungenisa):
  1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi abilayo.
  2. Faka itiye elomile ku-gàiwǎn noma eketeleni.
  3. Yenza ukugeza okusheshayo: thela amanzi bese uwachitha ngokushesha (i-Láoshān Lǜchá iyakwazi ukumelana nokugezwa ngenxa yobungqinsi beqabunga).
  4. Ukungenisa kokuqala — 15–30 imizuzwana.
  5. Ukungenisa okulandelayo — yandisa kancane kancane isikhathi (20, 30, 45 imizuzwana, njalonjalo).
  6. Itiye limelana nokungeniswa okuhelele okungu-5–7, liveza izinhlangothi ezahlukene zokunambitheka: kusuka ebumnandini bukabhontshisi ekuqaleni kuye ekwenzeni okuqabulayo kwamaminerali ekugcineni.

10. Ukugcinwa:

I-Láoshān Lǜchá iyazwela ekukhanyeni, umswakama, ukushisa kanye namaphunga angaphandle. Kunconywa ukuyigcina emaphaketheni avalekileyo, angabonisi (izikhwama ezingenamoya ezenziwe nge-foil, amathini kathayela anezivalo eziqinile) endaweni epholile, eyomile, kude nemithombo yokushisa namaphunga anamandla. Ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi eside (kufinyelele ezinyangeni eziyi-12–18) — efrijini ezingeni lokushisa lika-0–5°C, ngaphakathi kwephakethe elivaleke ngokuphephile, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukumuncwa kwamaphunga kanye nokwakheka komswakama lapho likhishwa. Ezingeni lokushisa lasegumbini — kufanele lisetshenziswe phakathi nezinyanga ezi-2–3.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhohliso:

I-Láoshān Lǜchá — yitiye elisezingeni eliphezulu lentengo. Izindleko zibangelwa umthamo omncane wokukhiqiza (ingqikithi yendawo yamasimu — cishe ama-16 000 mu, isivuno sonyaka — cishe amathani angu-900), izimo ezinzima zokutshala (isidingo sezindlu zokugcina ukushisa, ukuvikela esithwathweni), ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi wezandla kanye nokufuneka okukhulu. Isivuno sasentwasahlobo (ikakhulukazi «tóu chūn», 头春) — siwukubiza kakhulu. Emakethe yase-China, intengo yekhwalithi enhle yentwasahlobo ye-Láoshān Lǜchá — kusuka ku-500 kuya ku-3 000 yuan nge-500 g. Emakethe yamazwe — kusuka ku-25 kuya ku-60 USD nge-100 g.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:

  • Thenga kubathengisi abathembekile abanelungelo lokusebenzisa uphawu lwendawo oluvikelwe «崂山绿茶». Qaphela ukumakishwa kwe-GI kanye nemininingwane yomkhiqizi.
  • Hlola ukubukeka: i-Láoshān Lǜchá yangempela inamaqabunga amakhudlwana futhi aminyene kakhulu kunamatiye aluhlaza aseningizimu, anombala ojwayelekile ophuzi-oluhlaza noboya obumhlophe. Izingoxana eziyinkozo kakhulu, ezacile, eziluhlaza ngokuphelele ezilingana ngokuphelele — kuyisizathu sokusola.
  • Hlola iphunga: elibalulekile elithi «豌豆香» — iphunga likabhontshisi we-edamame / ama-chestnut. Amatiye aseningizimu, athengiswa kuthiwa yi-Láoshān, ngokuvamile awanalo leli nothi elihlonzayo.
  • Hlola ukumelana: i-Láoshān Lǜchá yangempela imelana nokungeniswa okungu-5–7 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka. Imikhohliso «iphefumula ngokushesha» ngemva kokwenziwa okungu-2–3.
  • Intengo ephansi kakhulu — kuyinkombandlela eyinhloko yesixwayiso: i-Láoshān Lǜchá yangempela ayikwazi ukubiza kancane ngenxa yemikhawulo yenhloso yokukhiqiza.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• I-Láoshān Lǜchá — iwukuphikiswa okubonakalayo kwenkulumo ka-Lù Yǔ evela ku-«Chájīng» (《茶经》) yokuthi «itiye — isihlahla esihle senkosi yaseningizimu» (茶者，南方之嘉木也). Impumelelo ye-«Nán chá běi yǐn» yafakazela ukuthi ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo, itiye lingatshalwa kude ngaphandle kwezindawo zendabuko zaseningizimu.
• Ubusika obubandayo, obuphoqa izihlahla ukuthi «zilale» cishe izinyanga ezi-5, — ngendlela exakile — buyinzuzo enkulu ye-Láoshān: isikhathi eside sokuphumula kanye nokukhula okuhamba kancane kuqinisekisa izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lama-amino acid, okwenza itiye libe mnandi ngendlela engavamile futhi linothe.
• Intaba yamaDaoisi i-Láoshān idume ngemithombo yayo, futhi amanzi endawo (崂山矿泉水, Láoshān kuàngquán shuǐ) kubhekwa njengangcono kakhulu e-China ekwenzeni itiye. Ukwakheka kwamaminerali zamanzi — kungenye inzuzo yokunambitheka okuyingqayizivele.
• Ngo-2006, ezingeni lendawo kwasungulwa uhlelo oluthi «地理标志 + 区块链» — ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-blockchain ukulandela ubuqiniso betiye kusukela emasimini kuya eshelufini, okwakungomunye wemisebenzi yokuqala embonini yetiye yase-China.
• Abalimi bendawo abangamavulandlela ekutshalweni kwetiye lase-Láoshān, ngaphandle kwetiye eliluhlaza, bazama ukukhiqiza itiye elibomvu (黑茶/红茶), eliphuzi, elimhlophe kanye nolweluhlaza oluwulong kusetshenziswa izinto ezifanayo ezingavuthiwe. Kwaziwa kakhulu i-Láoshān Hóng Chá (崂山红茶) — itiye elibomvu elinamanothi agqamile kashokoledi omnyama kanye ne-caramel.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

• Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): I-Lóngjǐng — i-chaoqing (炒青) etiye elisicaba elivela e-Zhèjiāng elinephunga le-nutty, le-chestnut. Isitayela esiyisicaba se-Láoshān Lǜchá ngokwangaphandle sifana ne-Lóngjǐng, kodwa sihluke ngeqabunga eliwugqinsi, iphunga likabhontshisi eligqamile (esikhundleni se-nutty) kanye nokumelana nokwenziwa okuphezulu kakhulu.
• Dòngtíng Bìluóchūn (洞庭碧螺春, Dòngtíng Bìluóchūn): Isitayela esisongwe se-Láoshān sifana ne-Bìluóchūn ngokwakheka, kodwa ngokunambitheka nangephunga zihluke ngokuphelele: i-Bìluóchūn — inezimbali nezithelo, ilula, inobuhle; i-Láoshān — ingeyobhontshisi, iminyene, inamafutha.
• Rìzhào Lǜchá (日照绿茶, Rìzhào Lǜchá): «Umakhelwane» oseduze kanye nempikiswano — futhi itiye eliluhlaza elisenyakatho elivela esifundazweni sase-Shāndōng (idolobha lase-Rìzhào). Womabili amatiye awumkhiqizo we-«Nán chá běi yǐn», kodwa i-Láoshān, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esiyingqayizivele sasogwini kanye nenhlabathi ye-granite, inephrofayili egqame kakhulu yamaminerali kanye nephunga elithe xaxa.
• Huángshān Máofēng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máo Fēng): Itiye eliluhlaza elithambile lasentwasahlobo i-hōngqīng (烘青) elivela e-Ānhuī elinephunga lezimbali ne-orchid. I-Máofēng — ilula kakhulu futhi inezimbali; i-Láoshān — iminyene kakhulu, imnandi futhi «inomhlaba».

Ekuphetheni:

I-Láoshān Lǜchá — iwubufakazi obuphilayo bokuthi itiye elikhulu lingazalwa ngokuphikisana nayo yonke imithetho nezimiso. Idalwe hhayi ngendlela yamakhulu eminyaka, kodwa ngesibindi sesayensi, ukukhuthala kwabalimi kanye nokupha kwendawo eyingqayizivele — lapho amadwala e-granite entaba engcwele yamaDaoisi ahlangana nemimoya enosawoti yoLwandle Oluphuzi, — leli tiye engxenyeni yekhulu leminyaka selihambe uhambo kusuka esivivinyweni sezolimo kuya ekubeni «Itiye Lokuqala Elidumile enyakatho komfula i-Yangtze». Iphunga layo eliminyene likabhontshisi, ubumnandi obunamafutha, ukujula kwamaminerali kanye nokumelana nokwenziwa okumangalisayo — konke lokhu kuyisipho sobusika obude obubandayo, obuphoqa iqabunga ngalinye ukuthi limunce ukunambitheka okuphelele. I-Láoshān Lǜchá izonikeza injabulo kulabo abazisa amatiye aluhlaza anothile, anomzimba ophelele onesimilo futhi abafuna ukunambitheka okungenjengalutho.