I-Laoshan Hong Cha · new.thetea.app

I-Laoshan Hong Cha — itiye elibomvu elivela endaweni esenyakatho kakhulu yokulinywa kwetiye eShayina, elikhiqizwa emithambekeni yentaba engcwele yamaTaoist, i-Laoshan, ngasogwini loLwandle Oluphuzi. I-terroir eyingqayizivele esogwini nasezintabeni, inhlabathi ye-granite nobusika obunzima kwakha itiye elinobumnandi obungavamile bemvelo, elinephrofayela lukashokoledi-caramele futhi cishe lingenabukrakra — izici ezenza libe ngenye yamatiye abomvu athambile futhi “angadessert” eShayina.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá), elivubelwe ngokuphelele (izinga le-oxidation ~90–100%). Esikweni laseYurophu — “itiye elimnyama”.
Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu lesifunda laseShayina. Umkhiqizo wohlelo “Nán chá běi yǐn” (南茶北引, nán chá běi yǐn) — “Ukudluliswa kwetiye laseNingizimu enyakatho”, olunye lwamaphrojekthi ezolimo anesifiso esikhulu e-People’s Republic of China maphakathi nekhulu lama-20.
Imvelaphi: I-Shayina, isifundazwe i-Shandong (山东省, Shāndōng Shěng), idolobha i-Qingdao (青岛市, Qīngdǎo Shì), isifunda sase-Laoshan (崂山区, Láoshān Qū). Amasimu etiye asezindaweni zokuphatha i-Wanggezhuang (王哥庄), i-Shazikou (沙子口), i-Zhonghan (中韩) kanye ne-Beizhai (北宅). I-Laoshan ingenye yezindawo ezisenyakatho kakhulu zokulinywa kwetiye ezentengiselwano eShayina (kanye ne-Rizhao esifundazweni sase-Shandong).
Izixhumanisi zomhlaba: 36.10°–36.20° N, 120.24°–120.43° E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Isifundazwe sase-Shandong asizange sibe yisifunda esikhiqiza itiye ngokomlando, yize ubusebenzisi betiye bebulokhu bukhulu lapha. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-1950s, ngokuqhutshwa yisifiso sokunciphisa izindleko zokuthuthwa kwetiye elisuka eningizimu, uhulumeni we-PRC wasungula uhlelo “Nán chá běi yǐn” (南茶北引) — ukuhlolwa okukhulu kokulethwa kwezitshalo zetiye ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho. Izitshalo zokuqala zokuhlola esifundeni sase-Laoshan zatshalwa ngo-1957 kusetshenziswa imbewu nezithombo ezivela ezifundazweni i-Zhejiang, i-Anhui ne-Fujian. Ngemva kochungechunge lokwehluleka okuhlobene nobusika obunzima, impumelelo yaqinisekiswa ngo-1959: izinhlobo ezithile zahambisana nezimo zendawo, okwaphawula ukuqala kokulinywa kwetiye e-Shandong. Ekuqaleni kwakukhiqizwa itiye eliluhlaza kuphela — i-Laoshan Lü Cha (崂山绿茶, Láoshān Lǜchá), elathola isikhundla “somkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo” (地理标志产品, dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn) ngonyaka we-2006 (izinga likazwelonke GB/T 26530-2011). Ukukhiqizwa kwetiye elibomvu kwaqala kamuva kakhulu — ngeminyaka yawo-2000-2010s, lapho abalimi bendawo, beqhutshwa isifiso sokusebenzisa izinto eziluhlaza zasehlobo (ezingafaneleki kangako etiyeni eliluhlaza ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol) futhi bephendula isidingo semakethe esikhulayo, bathola ubuchwepheshe bokuvubela okuphelele. Ngakho-ke, i-Laoshan Hong Cha iyitiye elincane elinomlando ongaphansi kwamashumi amabili eminyaka.
Igama: I-Laoshan (崂山, Láoshān) — ngokwezwi nezwi “Intaba ephakeme yase-Lao”: 崂 (láo) — igama lendawo, 山 (shān) — “intaba”. I-Hong Cha (红茶, hóngchá) — “itiye elibomvu”. Intaba i-Laoshan ingelinye lamagugu angcwele obuTaoist eShayina, iqongo eliphakeme kunawo wonke esifundazweni sase-Shandong (amamilitha angu-1,132.7), indawo yokuhlala kwabangafi basenganekwaneni nendawo yokuhambela abakhulekeli izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngaphandle kobuncane besiko letiye, isifunda sase-Laoshan sinezimpande zamasiko ezijulile. Intaba i-Laoshan ibhekwa njengenye yezindawo eziphambili zobuTaoist, ehlotshaniswa negama lika-Laozi (老子, Lǎozǐ). I-Taiqing Palace (太清宫, Tàiqīng Gōng), okuthiwa yasungulwa ngesikhathi seNtshonalanga Han, isalokhu iyindlu yezindela yamaTaoist esebenzayo. Abakhiqizi banamuhla basebenzisa lesikhwama samasiko, bebeka itiye njengesiphuzo esikhuthaza ukucabanga nokuzwana kwangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, akukho ukuxhumana komlando phakathi kweTaoism yasendulo nokulinywa kwetiye lendawo — itiye linaso isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu lapha. Noma kunjalo, i-Laoshan Hong Cha ibe uphawu lwesifunda nesibonakaliso sempumelelo yohlelo “Nán chá běi yǐn”, olufakazela ukuthi itiye lekhwalithi ephezulu lingakhiqizwa kude nangaphandle kwe-”bhande letiye” lendabuko.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Eziluhlaza:

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Ekukhiqizweni kwe-Laoshan Hong Cha kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zamahlamvu amancane Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ezilethwe ezifundazweni eziseningizimu futhi zahambisana nezimo zasenyakatho. Phakathi kwama-cultivar ayinhloko: i-Lungjing No. 43 (龙井43号, Lóngjǐng 43 Hào) — uhlobo lwakudala, olumelana namakhaza, olwaziwa ngokukhiqizwa kwetiye eliluhlaza elinegama elifanayo; i-Fuding Da Bai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá); i-Huangshan Qunti Zhong (黄山群体种, Huángshān Qúntǐ Zhǒng) — inani lezitshalo ezivela e-Anhui; i-Jiukeng Zhong (鸠坑种, Jiūkēng Zhǒng) yase-Zhejiang. Izihlahla ezihambisana nesimo sezulu esipholile zihlangene, zinamahlamvu amancane, amise okwe-lanceolate, aluhlaza okotshani ngokumnyama. Isici esikhethekile — i-blade yamahlamvu ejiyile enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwejusi yeseli, okunikeza ukunambitheka okugcwele okuphezulu nokuqina ekuphindenweni kokubilisa okuningi.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna okuyinhloko — okwasentwasahlobo, kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-April — ekuqaleni kuka-May (kamuva kunezifundazwe eziseningizimu ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibandayo). Ukuvuna kwasehlobo (Juni–Julayi) — yilesi zinto eziluhlaza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza itiye elibomvu, njengoba amahlamvu asehlobo enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol, okwenza angalifanelekeli kakhulu itiye eliluhlaza, kodwa afaneleke kahle ekubiseni. Ukuvuna kwasekwindla kwenzeka ngo-Septemba–Okthoba. Izinga lokuvuna lamagremu asezingeni eliphezulu — i-flush emnene: ihlumela namahlamvu amabili amancane aphezulu.
Izidingo zezinto eziluhlaza: Amahlamvu kufanele abe mahle, angenawo umonakalo, aqoqwe ngezikhathi zasekuseni ngemva kokoma kwamazolo. Ema-greamu aphezulu kusetshenziswa ukuqoqwa ngesandla kuphela.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokukhula:

Isifunda: Amasimu etiye atholakala emathafeni asogwini nasemithambekeni ephansi yentaba i-Laoshan, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme ukusuka ezingeni lolwandle kuya ku-300–500 m. Intaba i-Laoshan — indawo ephakeme kunawo wonke ogwini lwaseShayina (amamilitha angu-1,132.7) — idala i-microclimate eyingqayizivele: ngakolunye uhlangothi — ulwandle oluphuzi oluvulekile, ngakolunye — izigodi ze-granite. Lesi ukuphela kwendawo eShayina lapho amasimu etiye aseduze kakhulu nogu lolwandle e-latitude enyakatho (36° N).
Ukuphakama kokukhula: 50–500 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Kuphansi kakhulu kunamanye amatiye amaningi aziwayo aseShayina, kodwa ubunzima besimo sezulu nokukhula kancane kwamahlumela kunxephezela indawo engekho phezulu.
Inhlabathi: Izinhlabathi ezinuka ubumnandi nezinhlabathi ezinuka ubumnandi ezinhlathini, ezakhelwe phezu kwamatshe angumzali we-granite. Ukusabela okune-asidi (pH 4.5–6.5), umgogodla ojulile ovundile (okungenani amamilitha angu-60), ukugcwala okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo (ngaphezu kwe-1%). Ingaphansi le-granite linikeza ukwakheka okucebile kwamaminerali, kufaka phakathi i-potassium, i-manganese, i-fluorine nezinye izakhi eziyizinhlayiyana, ezidluliswa etiyeni ngesistimu yezimpande.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esimaphakathi solwandle olunomswakama onamandla, esinokuhlukaniswa kwezinkathi zonyaka okucacile. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo +12.6°C (liphamsi kakhulu kunezifunda eziseningizimu ezilinywa kuzo itiye). Imvula yonyaka ephakathi nendawo ~800 mm. Inkungu yasolwandle nomswakama omkhulu kudala ukukhanya okuhlakazekile ngokwemvelo. Ubusika buyabanda (bube ngaphansi kwe–10°C nangaphansi), okudinga izinyathelo eziyisipesheli zokuvikela: ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokufudumala, imigudu ye-plastiki nokumboza ngezinto ezibolisayo ngesikhathi sasebusika nentwasahlobo. Izikhathi zokukhula ezinde, ezipholile zibambezela ukukhula kwamahlumela, kodwa zivumela amahlamvu ukuthi anqwabelanise ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwama-amino acid (ikakhulukazi i-L-theanine) nezinto ezinuka kamnandi.
Amanzi: Ekucheleleni kusetshenziswa amanzi ahlanzekile asemithonjeni yezintaba yendawo, ahlungwa ematsheni e-granite futhi agcwaliswe ngamaminerali. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukwakheka kwamaminerali emanzini kunomthelela omkhulu ekuthambekeni nasebumnandini okuyisici samatiye ase-Laoshan.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Laoshan Hong Cha kulandela uhlelo olujwayelekile lokwenza itiye elibomvu ngokulungiswa okuthile, okubangelwa izici zezinto eziluhlaza zendawo.

Ukuqoqwa (采摘, cǎi zhāi): Ukuqoqwa ngesandla noma ngomshini kwamahlumela amancane. Ema-greamu aphezulu — ngesandla kuphela: ihlumela namahlamvu amabili amancane.
Ukubuneka (萎凋, wěidiāo): Amahlamvu aqoqiwe enekelwa ngokusabalalisa ungqimba oluncane endaweni enomoya noma ngaphandle. Ubude — amahora angu-4–8 ngokuya ngomswakama nezinga lokushisa. Inhloso — ukwehla kwamanzi ngo-50–60%, ukuthambisa amahlamvu, ukuqala kwezinqubo zokubilisa nokwakheka kwephunga lokuqala. Ngenxa yamahlamvu aminyene, anoketshezi wezinto eziluhlaza zase-Laoshan, ukubuneka kudinga isikhathi eside kunama-cultivar aseningizimu anamahlamvu amancane.
Ukusontekwa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Amahlamvu abunyiwe asontekwa emishini yama-roller ukuphula izindonga zamaseli, kukhululwe ijusi yeseli futhi kuqaliswe inqubo ye-oxidation. Amahlamvu asontekiwe athola ukwakheka okufana ne-spiral noma okufana nenaliti.
Ukuvubela / I-Oxidation (发酵, fājiào): Isigaba esibalulekile. Amahlamvu asontekiwe ashiywa ngesimo sokushisa esilawulwayo (25–30°C) nomswakama omkhulu amahora angu-2–5. Ama-polyphenol ahlanganiswa ne-oxidize ngaphansi kwesenzo se-polyphenol oxidase, aguquke abe yi-theaflavins ne-thearubigins. Isici esikhethekile se-Laoshan Hong Cha — ukuvubela okude kakhulu kusetshenziswa ukushisa kwelanga, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni iphrofayela eyingqayizivele enoshokoledi-caramele. Umpheki wesandla ulawula inqubo ngokushintsha kombala wamahlamvu (ukusuka kuluhlaza kuya kumthubi obomvu oyithusi) kanye nobunjalo bephunga.
Ukomiswa (烘干, hōnggān): Ukomiswa kokugcina ngezinga eliphezulu lokushisa (90–120°C) ukuze kunqanyulwe ngokushesha ukuvubela futhi kwehliselwe umswakama ube ngu-3–5%. Ukomiswa kuqinisa iphrofayela yephunga elifinyelelwe futhi kuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwetiye.
Ukuhlungwa (分级, fēnjí): Itiye eliqediwe lihlungwa ngobukhulu bamahlamvu, ukuphelela kanye nekhwalithi. Kukhishwa ama-gredu ukusuka kwaphezulu (特级, tèjí) kuya kwechithathu (三级, sānjí).

6. Izici Zomqondo:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imicu emincane, esontelwe ngokuqinile emise okwanaliti noma okwe-spiral, umbala omnyama onsundu, omnyama cishe, ngokuvamile okhanyayo. Ema-greamu aphezulu kuba khona amathiphu asagolide (amahlumela). Iqabunga lifana, alinakho ukuhlangana kweziqu.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Linamandla, lifudumele, limnandi, linamanothi ahamba phambili kashokoledi omnyama, ubhontshisi kakhokho, amantongomane athosiwe (i-hazelnut, i-alimondi) ne-caramele. Amathoni engeziwe — uju, i-rosehip, ukubhaka okumnandi, ngesinye isikhathi amathoni amancane ezimbali (i-rose).
Iphunga lokumnika: Lijulile, lisonga, linamanothi agqamile e-caramele, ushukela wemalt, ushokoledi omnyama nezithelo ezomisiwe. Njengoba liphola, amathoni oju nesinkwa se-rye ayavela.
Ukunambitheka: Ikhadi lokuhambela le-Laoshan Hong Cha — ubumnandi bemvelo obungavamile nokuthamba. Ubukrakra kanye nokubabayo cishe akukho nhlobo. Ukunambitheka kubuswa amanothi kashokoledi omnyama, i-caramele, i-molasses, i-malt ethosiwe, ngezinye izikhathi kube nama-nuances ezithelo ezibhakiwe noma ujamu we-rose. Ukuthungwa kokumnika kuminyene, kunamafutha, “kuyi-velvet”. Ukunambitheka kwangaphakathi kuhlala isikhathi eside, kufudumele, kumnandi, kunamanothi aqinile kashokoledi-caramele.
Umbala wokumnika: Okhanyayo, obonisa ngale, ukusuka kugolide-orange kuya kugqoke ngobhedu obomvu ogcwele. Ukhanyayo kakhulu kunamanye amatiye abomvu amaningi, okuyinto ebangelwa izinto eziluhlaza zamahlamvu amancane kanye nezici zokuvubela.
Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga elibilisiwe): Amahlamvu amancane, afanayo ombala onsundu ngobhedu, anwebekayo, anezimpawu ezibonakalayo zokusontekwa.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-Laoshan Hong Cha kubonisa kokubili izindlela ezijwayelekile zamatiye abomvu, kanye nezici eziyingqayizivele ze-terroir yasenyakatho nezinto eziluhlaza zamahlamvu amancane ezikhula kancane.

Ama-Polyphenol: I-Theaflavins ne-thearubigins — imikhiqizo ye-oxidation ejulile yama-catechin ngesikhathi sokuvubela. Inquma umbala wokumnika, umsebenzi we-antioxidant kanye nenothi elincane lokubabayo (kuleli tiye libonakala kancane kakhulu). Ukuhlala kwama-catechin okusele kuncane.
Ama-Amino Acid: Isici esihlukile samatiye ase-Laoshan — ukuhlushwa okukhuphukile kwe-L-theanine, okubangelwa ukukhula okuncane esimeni sezulu esipholile. Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-theanine yikhona okwenza ubumnandi bemvelo obuyisici (“umami”), ukuthamba kokunambitheka kanye nomphumela wokukhululeka. Ukuhlushwa kwama-amino acid amahhala ematiyeni ase-Laoshan kucatshangwa ukuthi kungaphezulu kwesilinganiso samatiye abomvu.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-Caffeine (inikeza umphumela wokuvusa amandla), i-theobromine, i-theophylline. Ukusebenzisana kwe-caffeine ne-L-theanine kudala amandla athambile, “agxile” ngaphandle kokuxhamazela ngokweqile.
Amavithamini: Amavithamini eqembu B, E; amathrekhi amancane kavithamini C (alinyazwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvubela), PP.
Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-manganese, i-fluorine, i-iron, i-zinc. Ukunotha kokwakheka kwamaminerali kubangelwa inhlabathi ye-granite kanye namanzi anamaminerali esifunda.
Amafutha abucayi: Akha iphrofayela yephunga elifudumele likashokoledi-caramele. Phakathi kwezakhi ezisemqoka — i-linalool, i-geraniol, i-β-ionone, i-benzaldehyde ne-furfural.

8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:

Ukuqinisa amandla okuthamba nokugxila: Isilinganiso esilinganiselwe se-caffeine ne-L-theanine sinikeza amandla ngaphandle kokukhathazeka, sithuthukisa ukugxila nokukhumbula okusebenzayo.
Umsebenzi we-Antioxidant: I-Theaflavins ne-thearubigins zivikela amaseli ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative, zibambezela izinqubo zokuguga.
Ukusekelwa kwesistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukuphuza njalo ngesilinganiso esifanele itiye elibomvu kuhlotshaniswa nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwe-endothelium, ukulinganisa umfutho wegazi kanye nokwehlisa izinga le-cholesterol “embi” (LDL).
Ukwenza ngcono ukugayeka kokudla: Ama-polyphenol etiye elibomvu anomphumela oshukumisayo othambile ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, asekela i-microflora yamathumbu.
Umphumela wokufudumeza: Itiye elibomvu lingesinye seziphuzo “ezifudumele” ohlelweni lwendabuko lwezokudla lwaseShayina, likhonjiswa ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi esibandayo sonyaka.
Umphumela wokuqeda ukucindezeleka: Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-L-theanine kusiza ekususeni ingcindezi yezinzwa nasekuthuthukiseni imizwa.
Izici zokulwa nokuvuvukala: Izikhumbi ze-polyphenol etiyeni elibomvu zinomsebenzi ogqamile wokulwa nokuvuvukala.

9. Ukubilisa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95°C. Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa amanzi abilayo atshekile, ukuze kungabe kubhujiswa amanothi amnandi athambile.
Inani letiye: 3–5 g ku-150–200 ml wamanzi (indlela yokuthela); 2–3 g ku-200–250 ml (ukumunca).
Izitsha: I-gaiwan ye-porcelain (蓋碗, gàiwǎn) noma i-teapot — kuyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu, okuvumela ukujabulela ngokugcwele iphunga nombala wokumnika. Futhi kufaneleka i-teapot yobumba lwase-Yixing enezindonga ezincane noma ingilazi ende (ukubuka ngokubonakalayo ukuvuleka kweqabunga).
Inqubo (indlela yokuthela — i-gongfu cha):
1. Geza i-gaiwan noma i-teapot ngamanzi ashisayo ukuze ifudumele.
2. Thululela itiye elomile futhi uhlole iphunga leqabunga elifudunyeziwe.
3. Ukugeza: thela amanzi angu-90–95°C bese uwakhipha ngokushesha. Lokhu “kuvusa” iqabunga elisontelwe ngamandla.
4. Ukuthela kokuqala: thela amanzi, umunce imizuzwana engu-15–30.
5. Ukuthela okulandelayo: khulisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-10–15 ngesikhathi ngasinye sokuthela.
6. Itiye limelana nokuthelwa oku-4–6, ligcina ukunambitheka nephunga.
Inqubo (ukumunca enkomishini):
1. Fudumeza inkomishi noma i-teapot ngamanzi abilayo.
2. Faka itiye (2–3 g), thela amanzi angu-85–90°C.
3. Munca imizuzu engu-3–4. Lungisa isikhathi ngokunambitheka.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Gcina esitsheni esivalekile, esingenakukhanya — imbiza ye-ceramic enesembozo esiqinile, isitsha sikathayela noma isikhwama se-foil esinezingqimba eziningi. Indawo yokugcina — yome, ipholile, ivikelekile elangeni eliqondile, ephungeni langaphandle nasemikhiqizweni enephunga elinamandla (izinungo, ikhofi, amakhemikhali asekhaya). Umswakama ofanele — ungekho ngaphezu kuka-60–70%. I-Laoshan Hong Cha izinzile uma iqhathaniswa nokugcinwa: uma imibandela ilandelwa, ikhwalithi yayo igcinwa iminyaka engu-1–2. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iphunga lingathamba, kodwa isisekelo soshokoledi-caramele sihlala siqinile. Ukugcinwa esiqandisini akudingekile.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

Isigaba sentengo: I-Laoshan Hong Cha ingenye yezigaba ezimaphakathi neziphakeme phakathi kwamatiye abomvu aseShayina. Intengo ibangelwa ubungqayizivele be-terroir, ubunzima bokulima ezimeni zasenyakatho, inani elincane lomkhiqizo kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokuvikelwa kwamasimu ebusika. Intengo yama-greamu aphezulu (ikakhulukazi awokuvuna kwentwasahlobo) ingafinyelela emananini aphawulekayo, kuyilapho ama-greamu asehlobo nawasekwindla etholakala kalula.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Thenga kubaphakeli abakhethekile abanobudlelwano obuqondile esifundeni sase-Qingdao / e-Laoshan.
- Hlola ukubukeka: i-Laoshan Hong Cha yangempela — imicu emincane, esontelwe ngamandla enokukhanya okukhazimulayo, ngaphandle kweziqu eziqinile.
- Hlola iphunga: ukubusa okugqamile koshokoledi omnyama, i-caramele namantongomane athosiwe — yikhadi lokuhambela letiye elibomvu langempela lase-Laoshan. Ukungabikhona kwala manothi kubonisa ukushintshwa kwezinto eziluhlaza ezivela kwezinye izifunda.
- Hlola ukunambitheka: ubukrakra nokubabayo okuncane, ubumnandi bemvelo obugqamile — yindinganiso esemqoka yobuqotho.
- Intengo ephansi kakhulu kufanele isole: ngaphansi kwegama le-Laoshan Hong Cha kuvame ukuthengiswa amatiye abomvu ashibhile avela ezifundazweni eziseningizimu.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-Laoshan — iyindawo enkulu ekumnyakatho kakhulu yokulinywa kwetiye ezentengiselwano eShayina. I-latitude 36° N ifaniswa ne-Gibraltar noma umkhawulo oseningizimu we-Sicily — kude nangaphandle kwe-”bhande letiye” lendabuko.
Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Laoshan (崂山绿茶) lathola isikhundla “somkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo” ngonyaka we-2006, kwathi ngo-2011 kwasungulwa izinga likazwelonke GB/T 26530-2011, eliqinisa izidingo zokukhiqizwa kwalo. Itiye elibomvu alikabi nalo izinga lalo uqobo, kodwa likhiqizwa ngezinto eziluhlaza ze-terroir efanayo.
Ubumnandi “bu-shokoledi” obuyisici se-Laoshan Hong Cha buhlotshaniswa nokuhlushwa okukhuphukile kwe-L-theanine, nakho okubangelwa ukukhula kancane kwamahlumela esimeni sezulu esipholile: uma iqabunga “likhula” isikhathi eside, amaningi ama-amino acid alinqwabelanisayo.
Intaba i-Laoshan — indawo ephakeme kunawo wonke ogwini lolwandle lwaseShayina (amamilitha angu-1,132.7). Ingenye “yamazulu ayishumi amakhulu emihumeni yamaTaoist” (十大洞天, shí dà dòngtiān) nendawo engcwele, ehlonishwe izimbongi kusukela ku-Li Bai (李白) kuya ku-Pu Songling (蒲松龄), umbhali weqoqo elidumile “Izindaba Ezingavamile Ezivela e-Studio Liao” (聊斋志异, Liáozhāi Zhìyì).
Ebusika, izihlahla zetiye e-Laoshan zimbozwa ngemigudu ye-plastiki nezindlu zokufudumala — umkhuba ongavamile, ongatholakali ezifundeni zendabuko ezilinywa kuzo itiye eningizimu yeShayina, lapho izitshalo zetiye zidla ubuciko emhlabathini ovulekile.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Abomvu aseShayina:

I-Qimen Hong Cha (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá) — Keemun: Itiye elibomvu lase-Anhui elijwayelekile elinephunga elicwengekileyo, elihle, elifana ne-orchid ne-rose. Iphrofayela igcwele izimbali, icwengekile futhi “iphezulu”, kuyilapho i-Laoshan Hong Cha — iminyene kakhudlwana, imnandi futhi “ingadessert”, igcwele ushokoledi-caramele.
I-Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong (正山小种, Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng) — Lapsang Souchong: Itiye elibomvu lase-Fujian elivela ezintabeni zase-Wuyi. Uhlobo olujwayelekile lunephunga lentuthu (elisuka ekomeni ngentuthu kaphayini), olungenayo intuthu — olunezithelo nezimbali. I-Laoshan Hong Cha ayinayo intuthu, iphrofayela yayo inqunywa ushokoledi ne-caramele, futhi ukuthungwa kuthambile futhi kumnandi kakhulu.
I-Dian Hong (滇红, Diān Hóng) — Itiye Elibomvu laseYunnan: Likhiqizwa ngezinto eziluhlaza zamahlamvu amakhulu e-Assamica. Linokunambitheka okunamandla, okugcwele uju nompelepele nokuthungwa okujiyile, “okuyinyama”. I-Laoshan Hong Cha, eyenziwe ngezinto eziluhlaza zamahlamvu amancane, icwengisiswe kakhudlwana, ilula futhi imnandi kakhulu.
I-Riyue Tan Hong Cha (日月潭红茶, Rìyuètán Hóngchá) — Itiye Elibomvu laseTaiwan “Lechibi Lelanga Nenyanga”: I-Taicha No. 18 (紅玉) — iphrofayela ye-mint ne-cinnamon, ehluke ngokuphelele kwe-Láoshān enoshokoledi-caramele. Isici esifanayo — ukuthamba nokubabayo okuphansi, kodwa izinkomba zephunga zihluke ngokuphelele.

14. Ukuphikisana Okungenzeka:

Ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye nezakhi zetiye.
Ukuzwela okukhuphukile ku-caffeine: Kungabangela ukuqwasha, i-tachycardia, ukukhathazeka. Akunconyelwe ukuphuza ngobuningi kakhulu kusihlwa.
Ukuqubuka kwezifo ze-GIT: Itiye eliqinile ngesisu esingenalutho lingacasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila esiswini nge-gastritis noma isifo se-ulcer.
Ukukhulelwa kanye nesikhathi sokuncelisa: Ukuphuza kufanele kukhawulelwe ngenxa ye-caffeine. Ukubonisana nodokotela kunconyelwa.
Ukushoda kwe-Iron: Ama-polyphenol etiye angase anciphise kancane ukumuncwa kwe-iron engeyona i-heme ekudleni; uma une-anemia akufanele uphuze itiye ngesikhathi sokudla.

Ekuphetheni

I-Laoshan Hong Cha — yitiye eliyindida: elizalwe emaphethelweni asenyakatho kakhulu omhlaba wetiye laseShayina, phansi kwentaba engcwele yamaTaoist, enhlabathini ye-granite, egezwa imimoya enosawoti yoLwandle Oluphuzi, linomunye womlingiswa othambile, ofudumele futhi “omnandi” kunawo wonke phakathi kwamatiye abomvu aseShayina. Iphrofayela yalo kashokoledi-caramele, ukungabikho cishe ngokuphelele kobukrakra nokuthungwa okuyi-velvet kwenza lube yisinqumo esihle kulabo abazisa amatiye abomvu athambile, “angadessert” anomlingiswa. I-Laoshan Hong Cha — ubufakazi obuphilayo bokuthi i-terroir ayiyazi imingcele yendawo, nokuthi ubuciko nokuphikelela komuntu kungakha itiye elivelele ngisho nalapho imvelo uqobo, ngokubonakala, iphikisana nakho.