ILanling Mao Jian

ILanling Mao Jian (兰岭毛尖, Lánlǐng máo jiān), ekwaziwa futhi ngokuthi “ILanling Lǜ zhī Jiàn” (兰岭绿之剑, Lánlǐng Lǜ zhī Jiàn, “Inkemba Eluhlaza yaseLanling”), iyitiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elivela eXiangyin County (湘阴县) esifundazweni saseHunan, esisogwini oluseningizimu yeDongting Lake (洞庭湖) — okuyichibi lamanzi ahlanzekile lesibili ngobukhulu eChina. Itiye lasungulwa ngonyaka we-1993 ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-“Hunan Lanling Tea Co., Ltd.” (湖南省兰岭茶叶有限公司) kanye noprofesa baseHunan Agricultural University uZhu Xianming (朱先明) noShang Benqing (尚本清). Igama elithi “Inkemba Eluhlaza” lichaza isimo seqabunga leli tiye: iqondile, isicaba, neziphetho ezicijile — “iqabunga ngalinye lifana nenkemba” (根根似剑, gēn gēn sì jiàn). Ngo-1994 itiye lathola indondo yegolide embukweni womhlaba we-Fifth Asia-Pacific International Trade Fair; ngo-1995 kwaba yilo kuphela itiye elanikezwa emcimbini wokuhlonipha uNobhala Jikelele uJiang Zemin (江泽民) ngesikhathi evakashele eHunan. Ngo-2005 lafakwa ohlwini “lwamashumi ayishumi amatiye adumile aseHunan” (湖南十大名茶) kanye ne-Junshan Yinzhen ne-Gaoqiao Yinfeng. Itiye selike lanikezwa kaningi njengesipho sikahulumeni kwizithunywa zakwamanye amazwe (国礼赠外宾).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga. Lingenela eqenjini lamatiye aluhlaza ayisicaba (扁形绿茶, biǎnxíng lǜchá) anomumo “wenkemba” (扁直如剑). Ubuchwepheshe — ukugazinga epanini + ukuwenza umumo “wenkemba” + ukuphakamisa izinwele (i-down) + ukomisa kokugcina.

• Isigaba: Ungomunye “wamashumi ayishumi amatiye adumile aseHunan” (湖南十大名茶, 2005). Umkhiqizo ogunyaziwe wendawo yaseChina (国家地理标志产品). Ifa lesiko elingaphatheki laseHunan (湖南省非物质文化遗产, 2017 — ubuchwepheshe “压扁成剑”). Indondo yegolide ye-Fifth Asia-Pacific International Trade Fair (第五届亚太国际贸易博览会金奖, 1994). “Amashumi ayishumi emikhiqizo yezolimo esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu yaseHunan” (湖南十大名优农产品, 2000). Itiye selike lasetshenziswa njengesipho sikahulumeni (国礼).

• Imvelaphi: China, isifundazwe saseHunan (湖南省, Húnán Shěng), idolobha iYueyang (岳阳市, Yuèyáng Shì), iXiangyin County (湘阴县, Xiāngyīn Xiàn). Indawo enkulu yokukhiqiza — idolobhana iLanling (兰岭镇) kanye nelokishi iLiutang (六塘乡). Isifunda sisogwini oluseningizimu yeDongting Lake, endaweni eyisiyingi esiphakathi nendawo esenyakatho ye-subtropical.

• Izixhumanisi zendawo: 28°30′–29°03′ enyakatho, 112°30′–113°01′ empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando:

  Ukusungulwa (1993). ILanling Mao Jian ungomunye wamatiye ambalwa adumile eChina obunikazi bawo buqoshwe ngokusemthethweni. Itiye laklanywa yi-“Hunan Lanling Tea Co., Ltd.” ngokubambisana noprofesa baseHunan Agricultural University (湖南农业大学) uZhu Xianming (朱先明) noShang Benqing (尚本清). Ososayensi baklama kokubili ubuchwepheshe kanye nendlela yokwenza: ukukhetha izinhlobo zezitshalo, imingcele yokulungisa, izinga lokushisa lokwenza umumo. Igama elithi “ILanling Mao Jian” lihlanganisa indawo ethi “Lanling” (兰岭, “Ukhahlamba Lwama-orchid” — igama ledolobhana) kanye negama le-classic le-tea elithi “Mao Jian” (毛尖, “Iphinikhodi Elinezinwele”). Igama elihwebayo elihlukile — “ILanling Lǜ zhī Jiàn” (兰岭绿之剑, “Inkemba Eluhlaza yaseLanling”) — ligcizelela ukuma okuyingqayizivele “okuyinkemba” kweqabunga.

  Ukuqashelwa (1994–2005). Ngo-1994 — indondo yegolide embukweni womhlaba we-Fifth Asia-Pacific International Trade Fair. Ngo-1995 — lanikezwa emcimbini osemthethweni wokuhlonipha uNobhala Jikelele we-CPC uJiang Zemin (江泽民) ngesikhathi evakashele eHunan. Itiye laliwukuphela kwalo elanikezwa yikomiti yesifundazwe ye-CPC; uJiang Zemin walincoma ngezwi elithi “不错” (“Kuhle”) — engqikithini yesiko lezepolitiki laseShayina lokhu kuthathwa njengokuncoma okuphakeme kakhulu. Ngo-2000 — “Amashumi ayishumi emikhiqizo yezolimo ehamba phambili yaseHunan”. Ngo-2005 — “Amashumi ayishumi amatiye adumile aseHunan” — kanye namatiye ayinganekwane i-Junshan Yinzhen (君山银针) ne-Gaoqiao Yinfeng (高桥银峰).

  Isipho sikahulumeni nefa elingaphatheki (2005–2017). Itiye selike lanikezwa kaningi kwizithunywa zakwamanye amazwe njenge-“国礼” (isipho sikahulumeni) esivela esifundazweni saseHunan. Ngo-2017 ubuchwepheshe “压扁成剑” (yā biǎn chéng jiàn, “ukuyicobela ibe yinkemba”) bafakwa kurekhodi yefa elingaphatheki lesiko laseHunan.

• Igama:

  • “Lanling” (兰岭) — “Ukhahlamba Lwama-orchid” — igama ledolobhana eliseXiangyin County. “Lan” (兰, lán) — “i-orchid”, “ling” (岭, lǐng) — “ukhahlamba, igquma”. Igama lendawo libonisa izitshalo ezivamile endaweni.
  • “Mao Jian” (毛尖) — “Iphinikhodi Elinezinwele” — igama le-classic lamatiye aluhlaza asezingeni eliphezulu anezinwele eziningi nomumo weqabunga ocijile. Leli gama lisukela enkathini ye-Ming futhi lisetshenziswa kumashumi amatiye aseChina.
  • “Lǜ zhī Jiàn” (绿之剑) — “Inkemba Eluhlaza” — incazelo yokuhweba yesimo seqabunga leli tiye: isicaba, iqondile, neziphetho ezicijile.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: ILanling Mao Jian iyisithombe semboni yetiye yaseXiangyin County, esogwini lweDongting Lake. IDongting Lake (洞庭湖) ingenye yezindawo ezinothando olunzulu eChina: idunyiswe nguLi Bai, Du Fu noFan Zhongyan, isalokhu iwuphawu oluphilayo lwamasiko aseHunan. Kusesiqhingini saseJunshan (君山) phakathi kwe-Dongting lapho kukhiqizwa khona itiye eliphuzi elidumile i-Junshan Yinzhen. ILanling Mao Jian iyimpendulo eluhlaza yaseXiangyin “kumakhelwane wayo ophuzi” odumile: womabili angena “kumashumi ayishumi amatiye adumile aseHunan” ngo-2005.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Izinhlobonhlobo / I-Cultivar: Izinhlobo eziyinhloko:

  • Fuding Dahao (福鼎大毫, Fúdǐng Dàháo) — uhlobo olunezinwele ezinkulu, olunikeza izinwele eziningi zesiliva kanye “nokubengezela” kweqabunga. Ludabuka eFuding County, eFujian.
  • Fuyun 6 (福云6号, Fúyún 6 hào) — uhlobo oluwumxhantela olukhula masinya, oluvumela ukuqala ukuvuna ezinsukwini ezingu-7–10 ngaphambi kwezinhlobo ezijwayelekile.
  • Xiangbū Lǜ (湘波绿, Xiāngbō Lǜ) — uhlobo lwesifundazwe saseHunan oluzivumelanisa kahle nesimo sezulu sendawo.
  • Ngokwengeziwe: Xiangfei Cha (湘妃茶) kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezingenazo izinwele. Iminyaka yezihlahla — ngaphezu kwama-30. Isisindo samahlumela ayi-100 (iqabunga elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa) — ~45 g. “Ukugcina ubumnene” (持嫩性, chí nèn xìng) — ezinsukwini ezingu-7–10 ngaphezu kwesilinganiso, okwandisa ithuba lokuvuna.

• Ukuvuna: Intwasahlobo — okuyinhloko futhi okubaluleke kakhulu. Izinga elithi “五不采” (wǔ bù cǎi, “imikhawulo emihlanu”): ungavuni amaqabunga ansomi, amaqabunga alimele, amahlumela agulayo, amaqabunga anamazolo, izinto ezingavuthiwe ezivuthwe ngokweqile.

• Amagreyidi ngosayizi weqabunga:

  • Xijian (细剑, Xìjiàn, “Inkemba Encane”): Iqabunga elilodwa elinobude obungaphansi noma obulingana no-2.0 cm. Kwenziwa ngezandla ngokuphelele. Igreyidi eliphezulu kakhulu. Intengo — kusuka kuma-yuan angama-800 nge-500 g.
  • Zhongjian (中剑, Zhōngjiàn, “Inkemba Ephakathi”): Iqabunga elingu-2.0–2.5 cm. 400–600 yuan.
  • Cujian (粗剑, Cūjiàn, “Inkemba Ewukhuni”): Iqabunga elingaphansi kokulingana no-2.5 cm. 300–500 yuan. Umzimba uminyene ngokwengeziwe, ukunambitheka kuhlale isikhathi eside lapho kwenziwa umpayo.

4. Indawo Yezulu kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa:

• Isimo sezulu: Indawo eyisiyingi esiphakathi nendawo esenyakatho ye-subtropical. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi — 17°C. Imvula — 1392 mm/ngonyaka. Izinsuku ezinokufinyeza — ezingaphezu kuka-180 ngonyaka. Ukukhanya okusakazekile kukhuthaza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid (≥3.32% etiyeni lasentwasahlobo) futhi kuvimbele ukwakheka ngokweqile kwama-catechin, kunciphisa ukubaba.

• Ukuphakama: 200–300 m — indawo enamagquma yedolobhana iLanling kanye nelokishi iLiutang. Akuphakeme kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa “namatiye adumile”, kodwa kuyalungiswa isimo sezulu esincane se-Dongting Lake: umswakama ongapheli, ukufinyeza, kanye namazinga okushisa athambile kudala izimo ezifana nezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu.

• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ebomvu emadwaleni e-slate ansomi (紫色板页岩红壤, zǐsè bǎnyèyán hóng rǎng, pH 5.0–6.5) — uhlobo lwedwala lomzali olungavamile ezindaweni zetiye zaseHunan. Icebile nge-phosphorus (P), i-zinc (Zn), ne-selenium (Se). Ukumbozwe ngehlathi — 72–87.6%. Okuqukethwe ama-ion e-negative — ngokuphindwe ngama-50 kunamazinga asedolobheni. Indawo iqinisekiswe njenge-“中国天然氧吧” (Zhōngguó tiānrán yǎngbā, “Indawo Yomoya-mpilo Yemvelo YaseChina”).

• I-Hydroology: Imingenela yoMfula i-Miluo (汨罗江, Mìluó Jiāng) iniselela izingadi zetiye. Ukuba seduze kwe-Dongting Lake kudala umswakama ongapheli kanye nokufinyeza “okunobisi” — izimo ezikahle zokukhula kancane nokunqwabelana kwama-amino acid. UMfula iMiluo udume emlandweni: kusemanzini awo lapho kwaminza khona imbongi enkulu uQu Yuan (屈原), okuhlobanisa lesi sifunda nezingqimba ezijulile zamasiko aseChina.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe obuyilungelo lobunikazi onesiteji esiyinhloko — “压扁成剑” (yā biǎn chéng jiàn, “ukuyicobela ibe yinkemba”) — ifa elingaphatheki laseHunan (2017).

• Ukubeka (摊放, tānfàng): Amahora ama-4–6 ekamelweni elipholile elinomthunzi. Iqabunga lilahlekelwa umswakama ongu-15–20%, kwaqala ukwakheka kwezandulela zephunga elimnandi.
• “Ukubulala ukuhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng): Ipani eliyisicaba (平口锅, píngkǒu guō), izinga lokushisa — 150°C. Ukulungiswa okuthambile: izinga lokushisa liphansi kunamatiye ajwayelekile aluhlaza, ukuze kungalimazi ukuma “okuyinkemba” okuzayo futhi kugcinwe ama-amino acid amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Ukuhlanza ngomoya (清风, qīngfēng): Ukuphonsela phezulu ukususa izingcezu nothuli (扬簸去杂, yáng bò qù zá). Lesi siteji asivamisile ukuhlukaniswa njengomsebenzi ohlukile — ukuba khona kwaso kufakazela ukucophelela kwenqubo.
• Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukusongwa okukodwa kokuncane okwenziwa ngesandla (单把轻揉, dān bǎ qīng róu) — umfutho omncane, ukuze kuhlizwe kancane isakhiwo samangqamuzana, ngaphandle kokuphule okufanayo.
• Ukwenza umumo (理条, lǐtiáo): 70°C. “搓条定型” (cuōtiáo dìngxíng) — ukubunjwa kwezandla komucu “oyinkemba”: ingcweti isabalalisa ngezintxaba futhi idonsele ngaphandle ihlumela ngalinye libe “yisicaba sokusika” esiqondile esiyisicaba neziphetho ezicijile. Lesi isiteji esiyinhloko esibonisa ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele kwetiye.
• “Ukuphakamisa izinwele” (提毫, tíháo): 45–50°C. Ukuhlikihla okuncane ezintendeni (掌心轻揉显毫, zhǎngxīn qīng róu xiǎn háo): izinwele zesiliva “ziyaphakanyiselwa” phezulu, zidale “ukubengezela okuyisiliva” okuphawulekayo “engxenyeni” eyisicaba eluhlaza yenkemba.
• Ukomisa (烘焙, hōngbèi): 60°C kuze kube yi-moisture content engaphansi noma elingana no-5%. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi — ukulungisa izinwele nokuvimbela ukufiphala “kwenkemba”.

6. Izici Zezitho Zomzimba:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: “Izinkemba” eziyisicaba, eziqondile (条索扁直如剑), eziluhlaza okwesimaragidu (翠绿) nezinwele eziningi zesiliva (显毫). Iqabunga ngalinye — “linjengenkemba encane” (根根似剑): 1.5–2.5 cm ubude, linophawu olucacile lokucija nhlangothi zombili.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elihlanzekile, eliphakeme, elinobusha obuluhlaza. Kumagreyidi aphezulu — ithoni elincane ye-chestnut (栗香).
• Iphunga le-infusion: Elihlanzekile (清香, qīngxiāng) — inothi eliyinhloko, eliphakeme nelihlala isikhathi eside. “Enkembeni Encane” — ithoni ye-chestnut egqamile (栗香, lìxiāng), efudumele negoqayo. Iphunga “alikhali”, kodwa “liyavela” kancane kancane, kusuka enkomishini kuye kwenye.
• Ukunambitheka: Okuthambile nokulinganiselayo (醇爽, “okuthambile-okusha”). Ukubuya kobumnandi — okuqhubekayo nokuhlala isikhathi eside (回甘持久). Ubusha bama-amino acid (鲜味) — okugqame kuqala ekunambithekeni. Ubumuncu buncane kakhulu. Umzimba — uphakathi nendawo, “osobala”: itiye alisindiyo, kodwa futhi alinamanzi.
• Umbala we-infusion: Oluhlaza okotshani othambile, ogqamile futhi osobala (嫩绿明亮). Ukucwebezela “okune-neon” okuncane — uphawu lokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chlorophyll.
• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elenziwe umpayo): Oluhlaza okotshani othambile, olufanayo, “oluphilayo” (嫩绿匀齐鲜活). “Izinkemba” eziyisicaba ziyavuleka, kodwa zigcina ukuma — okuyinkomba enhle yekhwalithi yokucutshungulwa.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol: ≥30%. Ama-Catechin — ngamaphesenti angama-30 ngaphezu kwesilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile. I-EGCG — i-catechin eyinhloko, enikeza umsebenzi we-antioxidant.
• Ama-Amino acid: ≥3.32% — ngaphezu kwezinga elijwayelekile (~2%). I-L-theanine — i-amino acid ebusayo, ebangela ukunambitheka okusha, “okunamajusi” kanye nomphumela omncane wokudambisa.
• Izinto eziphuma emanzini: ≥45% — “ukugcwala” okuphezulu kwe-infusion, okunikeza umzimba ominyene noma kwenziwa umpayo omncane.
• I-Fluoride: 10–15 mg/100 g — okuphakeme (isilinganiso setiye eliluhlaza — 5–10 mg/100 g). Umphumela wenhlabathi ekhethekile emadwaleni e-slate ansomi.
• I-Caffeine: Okuphakathi nendawo, ~2.5–3.5%.
• Amavithamini: C (i-ascorbic acid — okuphakeme ngenxa yokuvuna ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo), iqembu B (B₁, B₂).
• Amaminerali: K (i-potassium), Mg (i-magnesium), Zn (i-zinc), Se (i-selenium), P (i-phosphorus) — umphumela wenhlabathi ehlukile ye-slate ensomi.
• I-Chlorophyll: Okuphakeme — isisekelo sombala oyisimaragidu we-infusion.

8. Izinzuzo Eziwusizo:

• Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenol angama-≥30% anama-catechin anyuke (+30% kwesilinganiso). Ukungathetheleli kwama-radical akhululekile, ukubambezela umfutho we-oxidative.
• Ukuvikela u-coating wamazinyo: I-fluoride engu-10–15 mg/100 g — elinye lamazinga aphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseHunan. Iqinisa isakhiwo samaminerali se-enamel futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo.
• Umphumela wokuvuselela: I-caffeine ihlanganiswe ne-L-theanine inikeza ukuphapha okuthambile, “okucacile” ngaphandle kokukhathazeka — isimo esikahle somsebenzi wobuhlakani.
• Ukusekela umzimba we-lipid: Ama-catechin asiza ekulawuleni amazinga e-cholesterol nasekusebenzeni komzimba wamafutha.
• Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Ama-polyphenol akhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya ukudla kanye nokuhamba kwamathumbu.
• Ukuqinisa imigudu yegazi: I-Vitamin C kanye nama-catechin kuqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi emincane, kuthuthukise ukuhamba kwegazi.
• Ukusekela ingqondo: I-L-theanine ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamaza e-α ebuchosheni, ithuthukise ukugxilisa, inkumbulo, nekhono lokufunda.
• Ukusekela amaminerali amancane: I-Zinc ne-selenium evela enhlabathini ye-slate ensomi — izinto ezibalulekile zokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85°C. Ukuma okuyisicaba nokuncane “kwenkemba” kudlulisela izinto ngokushesha — ukushisa ngokweqile kuzoholela ekubabeni.
• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).
• Impahla: Ingilazi — indlela enconywayo. Izindlela ezimbili:
  • “Indlela ephezulu yokuthela” (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ): Okokuqala amanzi (afinyelele ku-7/10 wevolumu), bese kuvela itiye. “Izinkemba” zehlela kancane emanzini, zidale umphumela obukekayo — “ukukhithika kweqhwa okuluhlaza”.
  • “Indlela ephakathi yokuthela” (中投法, zhōng tóu fǎ): 1/3 wamanzi → thela itiye → nyakazisa ingilazi “ukuvusa iphunga elimnandi” (摇香, yáo xiāng) → qedelela ngokuthela kufike ku-7/10.
• I-porcelain gaiwan — kungaba enye indlela yokwenza umpayo olawulekayo ngokwengeziwe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Shisisa impahla ngamanzi abilayo, uwachithe.
  2. Thela itiye ngendlela ekhethiwe.
  3. Umpayo wokuqala — imizuzwana engama-20. Okulandelayo ngakunye — engeza imizuzwana eyi-10.
  4. Iyakwazi ukumelana nemipayo emi-3–4.
• Iseluleko: Thela amanzi odongeni lwengilazi, ukuze ungadilizi izinwele zesiliva ngokugeleza futhi ungadungangethisi i-infusion.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Isitsha: Ukupakishwa okuvaleke kahle — izikhwama ze-aluminium foil ezifaka i-vacuum noma izigqoko ezinezivalo eziphindwe kabili.
• Izinga lokushisa: Efrijini, 0–5°C. Ukuma okuyisicaba “kwenkemba” kwandisa indawo yokuxhumana nomoya, okusheshisa i-oxidation — kubanda kuyadingeka.
• Isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi: Itiye elisha — “ukuphumula” izinsuku ezingu-7 ngemva kokukhiqizwa. Ngemva kokuvulwa — sebenzisa phakathi nenyanga engu-1.
• Izitha zetiye: Umswakama (>60%), iphunga lama-extraneous, imisebe yelanga eqondile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ungaligcini eduze nokudla okunephunga elinamandla.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Engamanga:

• Isigaba sentengo:
  • Xijian (细剑, “Inkemba Encane”): kusuka kuma-yuan angama-800 nge-500 g (~R2,200).
  • Zhongjian (中剑, “Inkemba Ephakathi”): 400–600 yuan nge-500 g.
  • Cujian (粗剑, “Inkemba Ewukhuni”): 300–500 yuan nge-500 g.
• Izici zentengo: Usayizi weqabunga (uma lifushane — libiza kakhulu), ukuvunwa ngesandla ngokumelene nomshini, usuku lokuvuna (ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo — okuyiprimiyamu), umkhiqizo we-“Lanling Tea”.
• Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo engamanga:
  • Thenga imikhiqizo ye-“Lanling Tea Co.” (兰岭茶叶) noma enophawu lwendawo oluqinisekisiwe.
  • “Inkemba Eluhlaza” yangempela — iyisicaba, iqondile, ineziphetho ezicijile nezinwele ezisiliva. Imikhiqizo engamanga — isontekile noma ayilingani.
  • I-infusion — isobala, iluhlaza ngokuthambile. Engabonakali kahle noma enombala ophuzi — uphawu lomkhiqizo womgunyathi noma wokugcinwa okungalungile.
  • Ukunambitheka — okuthambile, nobumnandi obuqhubekayo. Ukubaba noma ukunambitheka “okungenalutho” — umgunyathi.
  • Intengo engaphansi kwama-yuan angama-200 nge-500 g ye-“细剑” — akunakwenzeka emkhiqizweni wangempela.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• “Kuhle” okuvela ku-Jiang Zemin. Ngo-1995, i-Lanling Mao Jian kwaba yilo kuphela itiye elanikezwa yikomiti yesifundazwe ye-CPC yaseHunan emcimbini wokuhlonipha uNobhala Jikelele uJiang Zemin. Ukuncoma kwakhe — “不错” — engqikithini yesiko lezepolitiki laseShayina kuyindlela yokudumisa okuphezulu: umholi welizinga elinjalo ngokuvamile akajabulisi ngezincomo.

• Isipho sikahulumeni. Itiye selike lanikezwa kaningi kwizithunywa zakwamanye amazwe njenge-“国礼” — isipho sikahulumeni esivela esifundazweni saseHunan. Isimo se-“国礼茶” singolunye lwezimpawu ezingekho emthethweni eziphakeme kakhulu zekhwalithi yesiko letiye laseChina.

• Umakhelwane oluhlaza wophuzi. IXiangyin County isogwini oluseningizimu ye-Dongting Lake — okuyilo lelo chibi lapho esiqhingini saseJunshan (君山) kukhiqizwa khona itiye eliphuzi elidumile i-Junshan Yinzhen. I-Lanling Mao Jian ne-Junshan Yinzhen — “eluhlaza” “nophuzi” — zangena ndawonye “kumashumi ayishumi amatiye adumile aseHunan” ngo-2005.

• Itiye likaprofesa. ILanling Mao Jian ungomunye wamatiye ambalwa aseChina obunikazi bawo ngokuqondile nangokubhaliwe buhlotshaniswa nososayensi basenyuvesi: oprofesa uZhu Xianming noShang Benqing baseHunan Agricultural University baklama kokubili ubuchwepheshe nokwakheka kwezinhlobo zezitshalo. Lesi yisibonelo sendlela yesayensi yokutshala itiye, engavamile e-China, lapho amatiye amaningi asekelwa isiko lamakhulu eminyaka labalimi.

• Ama-slate ansomi. Inhlabathi yaseLanling yakhiwe emadwaleni e-slate ansomi (紫色板页岩) — uhlobo olungavamile ezindaweni zetiye zaseHunan, olunothisa itiye nge-phosphorus, i-zinc, ne-selenium. Lolu hlobo lwenhlabathi lutholakala ezindaweni ezimbalwa zetiye emhlabeni futhi lwakha iphrofayela leminerali eliyingqayizivele.

• Umfula ka-Qu Yuan. Imingenela yoMfula iMiluo (汨罗江) iniselela izingadi zetiye zaseLanling. Kusemanzini omfula iMiluo lapho ngo-278 BC kwaminza khona imbongi enkulu uQu Yuan (屈原), umbhali we-“Lisao” (离骚). Ukuhlonipha lesi senzakalo, eChina kugujwa uMkhosi Wezikebhe Zodrako (端午节). Itiye, eliniselwa ngamanzi “omfula wembongi”, liyinkomba enobunkondlo, engaphunyuka kwabanolwazi.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

• Junshan Yinzhen (君山银针, Jūnshān Yínzhēn) — “Inalithi Yesiliva yaseJunshan Island”, eDongting Lake, eHunan. Ngokusemthethweni — itiye eliphuzi (黄茶), umakhelwane “kumashumi ayishumi amatiye adumile aseHunan”. Ukuma — kuyinalithi (akuyisicaba), ngezinwele eziningi. Ukunambitheka — “okuyindilinga” ngokwengeziwe, okunamantongomane, nokuthamba “okuphuzi” okuphawulekayo okuvela esiteji se-menhuang (闷黄). ILanling — “ibukhali kakhulu”, isha, inenothi eliluhlaza eligqamile.

• Gaoqiao Yinfeng (高桥银峰, Gāoqiáo Yínfēng) — “Isiqongo Sesiliva saseGaoqiao”, eChangsha, eHunan. Lowo wesithathu obambe iqhaza “kumashumi ayishumi” aseHunan. Ukuma okuyisiphele — akuyisicaba. Iphunga — elinezimbali elinetoni ye-chestnut. Ukunambitheka — okusha, kodwa okuhlanzeke kancane “okunjengenkemba”, nomzimba oyindilinga ngokwengeziwe.

• Xi Hu Long Jing (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng) — itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elivela eHangzhou. Ukuma okuyisicaba okufanayo, kodwa i-Long Jing — ibanzi, nephunga le-chestnut “eligazingiwe” (板栗香) nobumnandi “obunjengobhontshisi”. ILanling — incane, “ibukhali kakhulu”, “injengenkemba”, ne-chestnut engaphawuleki kakhulu nobusha obuhlanzekile.

• Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máo Jiān) — idumile “Iphinikhodi Elinezinwele zaseXinyang”, eHenan. Naphezu kwegama elivamile “Mao Jian”, ukuma kuhluke ngokuphelele: kusontekile, akusona isicaba. Ukunambitheka — kunomunyu ngokwengeziwe, nobumuncu “obuluhlaza” obugqamile. ILanling — ithambile, “imnene kakhulu”, nobumnandi obugqamile.

• Anji Bai Cha (安吉白茶, Ānjí Bái Chá) — itiye eliluhlaza elivela eZhejiang elinamazinga agqamile ama-amino acid (afinyelela ku-6%). Iphalethi yokunambitheka “emnene” efanayo, kodwa ukuma — kuyisiphele, akusona isicaba. Ukunambitheka kwe-Anji — “kune-umami” ngokwengeziwe, kucishe kube ngumhluzi. ILanling — “eyomile kakhulu”, inesakhiwo esigqamile.

Ekuphetheni:

ILanling Mao Jian — “Inkemba Eluhlaza” evela ogwini lweDongting Lake: itiye elazalwa elebhu yenyuvesi yaseHunan, lanikezwa uNobhala Jikelele, lanikezwa izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe njengesipho sikahulumeni futhi lafakwa kohla lwamashumi ayishumi ahamba phambili eceleni kwe-Junshan Yinzhen eyinganekwane. “Izinkemba” eziyisicaba ezinezinwele zesiliva, zehlela kancane emanzini engilazi, ziletha enkomishini ubusha obuhlanzekile, imfudumalo ye-chestnut, nobumnandi obuhlala isikhathi eside — iphrofayela ezalwa yinhlabathi ye-slate ensomi, ukufinyeza kweDongting Lake, namanzi omfula iMiluo. Itiye lalabo abazisisa ukucophelela kokuma nokuthamba kokuqukethwe — futhi “abangakhathali” ukuthi inkomishi yabo yasekuseni isuka kuliphi ibanga.