lán húdié

Itiye eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-anchan yizimbali eziphelele ezomisiwe ze-clitoria ternatea (Clitoria ternatea), umvini womndeni wakwa-legume osezindaweni ezishisayo, omuncu wawo unombala ogqamile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengesafire. Ekuhwebeni kwamaShayina umkhiqizo waziwa ngamagama athi 蓝蝴蝶 (lán húdié, “uvemvane oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka”) kanye no-蝶豆花 (dié dòu huā, “imbali yepea-uvemvane”). Kubalulekile ukucacisa ngokushesha: naphezu kwegama elithi “itiye” egameni elijwayelekile, lo mkhiqizo awuhlobene neze netiye langempela elivela emacembeni e-Camellia sinensis — lokhu okuthatha indawo yetiye, noma umuncu wekhambi (代用茶, dàiyòng chá). Izwe lendabuko lesitshalo akulona iShayina, kodwa i-Asia eshisayo, futhi isiko lokusetshenziswa kwalo ligxile kakhulu eThailand, lapho imbali yaziwa khona ngokuthi i-anchan (ดอกอัญชัน, dok anchan). Umbala ogqamile woncuncu uvela kuma-anthocyanins eqembu le-ternatins, futhi uma kufakwa i-asidi — ngokwesibonelo, ucezu lukalamula — oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kushintsha kubonakale kuphenduka onsomi nobomvana.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: umuncu wezitshalo, okuthatha indawo yetiye (代用茶, dàiyòng chá), hhayi itiye ngomqondo wezitshalo.
• Igama lezitshalo: Clitoria ternatea L., umndeni we-Fabaceae (Legumes).
• Ingxenye esetshenziswayo: imbali (kuvamile ukuthi ezixubeni kusetshenziswe nemiqumbe).
• Imvelaphi: i-Asia eshisayo nesendaweni eshisayo; isiko lokusetshenziswa lithuthuke kakhulu eThailand, eVietnam, eMalaysia, eNdiya naseSri Lanka.
• Amagama okuhweba amaShayina: 蓝蝴蝶 (lán húdié), 蝶豆花 (dié dòu huā).

Ngokuhlukile nangokungagwegwesi: emkhiqizweni akukho maqabunga e-Camellia sinensis, okusho ukuthi akulona itiye eliluhlaza, akulona i-oolong futhi akulona noma yiliphi elinye itiye langempela. Ekuhlukanisweni kweziphuzo kwamaShayina, imincu enjalo ifakwa esigabeni se-代用茶 (dàiyòng chá) — “itiye elithatha indawo”, elenziwe ngezinto ezingcolile zezitshalo ezingewona amacembe etiye. Lolu wuhlobo oluzimele lweziphuzo olunesiko lalo lokuphisa nokuphakela, hhayi “okuthatha indawo” kwetiye.

Kuyaphawuleka futhi nokuncane okungokomthetho: isimo se-clitoria njengento yokudla engcolile eShayina yezwekazi asicacile — imbali ayifakiwe ohlwini olusemthethweni lwezinhlobo ezintsha zezinto zokudla (新食品原料, xīn shípǐn yuánliào), ngenxa yalokho ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezimbonini emikhiqizweni yokudla kuye kwabangela imibuzo kubalawuli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emakhishini aseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia imbali isetshenziswa kudala futhi yonke indawo.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

I-Clitoria isitshalo se-Old World, kudala saziwa e-Asia eshisayo njengesokuhlobisa nesokudla. Isichasiso sohlobo ternatea sikhomba esiqhingini sase-Ternate e-Moluccas (Indonesia), lapho amasampula afinyelela khona kubabhali bezitshalo baseYurophu ngekhulu le-18.

• Indima yomlando: eThailand umuncu we-anchan (น้ำดอกอัญชัน) isiphuzo esipholile sendabuko, kanti imbali uqobo sekuyikhulu leminyaka isetshenziswa njengombala wemvelo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka werayisi, ama-dessert neziphuzo.
• EShayina: umkhiqizo musha nokuqhathaniswa, wafika kanye nemfashini yeziphuzo “ze-instagram”, ezishintsha umbala, kanye nezephuzo ezikhangayo ngokubukeka ze-花草茶 (huācǎo chá, imincu yekhambi).

Esikweni lasekhaya lamaShayina, itiye eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lithathe indawo yomkhiqizo wokubukwayo kunokuba owokunambitha: liyaziswa ngombala walo kanye “nesilingo” sokushintsha kombala. Litholakala ezitolo zetiye ezinezingxube zamakhambi, emabharini nasezindaweni zekhofi njengesisekelo samalamoni nama-cocktails, kanye nasekhaya kubathandi bemimuncu egqamile.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Engcolile:

• Uhlobo lwempilo: umvini ongapheli oguquguqukayo obude obufinyelela ku-3 m nangaphezulu.
• Imbali: yohlobo lwe-moth (papilionaceous), njengakwamanye ama-legume amaningi; ngokuvamile iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokugqamile “neso” elimhlophe nokuphuzi maphakathi, kukhona izinhlobo ezimhlophe nezimbaxambili.
• Isithelo: uphizi oyisicaba onezinhlamvu.
• Impahla engcolile: izimbali ezivulekile, ezomiswe ziphelele, zigcina isimo “sovemvane”.

Ukuphisa kusetshenziswa izimbali uqobo. Izinhlamvu nezimpande zesitshalo kuqukethe izinhlanganisela ezicasulayo nezihambisa amathumbu futhi akudliwa — lo mehluko obalulekile phakathi kwengxenye edliwayo nesitshalo sonke.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezimpawu Zokutshala:

• Isimo sezulu: esishisayo nesinomswakama, izindawo ezishisayo nezisendaweni eshisayo; isitshalo asikwazi ukumelana neqhwa.
• Inhlabathi: ithanda elula, ekhipha amanzi kahle; njenge-legume inothisa inhlabathi nge-nitrogen ngokusebenzisana namagciwane angamaqhuqhuva.
• Izifunda eziyinhloko: iThailand, iVietnam, iNdiya, iSri Lanka, iMalaysia.
• EShayina: itshalwa eningizimu — eHainan (海南), eYunnan (云南), eGuangxi (广西) naseGuangdong (广东), kodwa ingxenye enkulu yempahla emakethe ingeyokungenisa.

Isitshalo asinankinga, sikhula ngokushesha, siqhakaza kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside, okwenza kube lula emapulazini amancane nasezitshalweni zasemagcekeni. Ukutholakala kalula kokutshala yikhona ngokuyinhloko okunquma intengo ephansi yempahla yokuthengisa ngobuningi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

• Ukuvuna: izimbali zivunwa ngesandla esigabeni sokuvuleka ngokuphelele, ngokuvamile ekuseni.
• Ukomisa: elangeni noma ezintweni zokomisa emazingeni okushisa alinganiselayo; umsebenzi oyinhloko ukususa umswakama ngokushesha, kugcinwe kakhulu umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nobuqotho bamacembe.
• Ukuhlunga: ukukhetha izimbali eziphelele, ezinombala ogqamile; ezisephelile umbala, ezinsundu neziphukile ziyalahlwa.

Ubuchwepheshe bulula, kodwa budinga ukucophelela: ama-anthocyanins azwela ekushiseni, ekukhanyeni nasekufakweni komoya-mpilo, ngakho-ke impahla eyomiswe ngokweqile noma eshiswe ngokweqile ilahlekelwa umbala futhi iguquka isuka kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iye kokunsundu okufiphele. Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ihlolwa ngokuyinhloko ngokujula nangobumsulwa bombala.

6. Izimpawu Zezitho Zomzimba:

• Imbali eyomile: iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama, icishe ibe nsomi efana noyinki, ngesimo esigciniwe “somvemvane”.
• Umbala womuncu: obala, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okujulile njenge-cornflower; ekugxiliseni okuphezulu — ucishe ube yiyinki eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Iphunga: elibuthakathaka, lekhambi elibhodwa, elingaphazamisi.
• Ukunambitha: okungathathi hlangothi kakhulu, okuthambile, nokuncane okuluhlaza nokwebhontshisi futhi cishe akunakho ukubaba nobukhali.

Inani eliyinhloko lezitho zomzimba lomkhiqizo ngelokubukwayo. Ukunambitha kuthule kancane, yingakho i-anchan ivame ukuhlanganiswa nolamula, iminti, i-lemongrass, uju, futhi isetshenziswa njengesisekelo sombala.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Anthocyanins: ama-ternatins — imibala ehlanganiswe nge-polyacylated, eqanjwe ngesichasiso sohlobo ternatea; abangela umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nokushintsha kombala lapho i-pH ishintsha.
• Ama-Flavonoids: ama-glycosides e-kaempferol, i-quercetin nezinhlanganisela ezihlobene.
• Okunye: ama-peptides namanye ama-metabolites esibili, avamile kuma-legume.

Ama-Ternatins aziphatha njengenkomba yemvelo ye-acid-alkaline: endaweni engathathi hlangothi umuncu uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uma kufakwa i-asidi uba nsomi nopinki, endaweni ene-alkaline — uya emibaleni eluhlaza. Yile mpahla okuyiyona eyisisekelo sokushintsha kombala “okungumlingo” uma kufakwa ulamula.

8. Izinzuzo Eziwusizo:

• Esikweni lasekhaya: eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia nasendaweni yamaShayina i-anchan ithathwa njengesiphuzo “esiqabulayo”; kuthiwa inomphumela wokuqinisa umzimba wonke kanye “nokuvuselela”, kanye nokuhlobana nokunakekelwa kwesikhumba nezinwele.
• Okufundwa yisayensi: intshisekelo yocwaningo igxile emsebenzini wokulwa nokuxhuma kwama-anthocyanins nama-flavonoids; kukhulunywa ngedatha yaselabhorethri neyokuqala, hhayi ngemiphumela eqinisekisiwe yomtholampilo.

Kudingeka isexwayiso esiqondile: umkhiqizo ungowokudla, hhayi umuthi. Noma yiziphi izimangalo zezempilo zokuhweba okuncane zingaphandle kobubanzi be-encyclopedia futhi akufanele zithathwe njengezeluleko zezokwelapha. Ezixwayisweni ezaziwayo jikelele kufanele kushiwo ukulinganisela okunengqondo ekusetshenzisweni, ukuqapha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa, kanye nangokuphuza njalo imithi — ezimeni ezinjalo kufaneleka ukubonisana nodokotela. Inani lokudla limelelwa izimbali kuphela; izinhlamvu nezimpande akusetshenziswa ekudleni.

9. Ukuphisa:

• Isilinganiso: cishe u-1–2 g wezimbali ezomile (cishe izimbali ezingu-5–10) ku-200–250 ml wamanzi.
• Amanzi: athambile, izinga lokushisa 85–95 °C.
• Itsha: engilazi esobala — ukuze ubone umbala; kulo mkhiqizo lokhu kuyingxenye yokuphakela.
• Isikhathi: umbala ukhishwa ngokushesha, imizuzu engu-3–5 yanele.
• Ukuphinda: ukuphinda kufakwe amanzi izikhathi ezingu-2–3, isikhathi ngasinye umbala uba buthakathaka.

Umuncu oshisayo uphuzwa unjalo noma noju. Ukunikezwa okubandayo kuvame kakhulu: umuncu uyapholiswa, uthelwe phezu kweqhwa, kufakwe ucezu lukalamula noma lwe-lime — futhi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kushintsha kubonakale kuphenduke obomvana nonsomi. I-Anchan futhi isetshenziswa njengombala wemvelo wamalamoni, ama-cocktails, ijeli nerayisi. Ukubilisa okuphezulu akufanele kuthelwe isikhathi eside — ukushisa okweqile kufiphalisa umbala.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izimo: indawo eyomile, emnyama, epholile, ukupakishwa okuvalekile okungabonakali.
• Izitha zomkhiqizo: ukukhanya, umswakama, umoya-mpilo — zicekela phansi ama-anthocyanins, futhi umbala uyafipha.
• Isikhathi sokugcina: cishe izinyanga ezingu-12–24 uma kugcinwe kahle; impahla efiphile ensundu iphephile ngobuchwepheshe, kodwa ilahlekelwa ubuhle bayo obuyinhloko — umbala.

11. Intengo Nezinto Zomgunyathi:

• Inkomba yentengo yokuthengisa ngobuningi: cishe u-100 ¥/kg; lena yimpahla yezimbali engabizi, hhayi into eyivelakancane.
• Ukuthi impahla yangempela ibukeka kanjani: izimbali eziphelele ezomile ezinombala ogqamile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nonsomi, ezikhipha umuncu ohlanzekile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ziba pinki uma kufakwa i-asidi.

Izinkinga eziyinhloko zemakethe — akukhona ukufaka esikhundleni esinye isitshalo ngokuqondile (i-clitoria inesimo sembali esaziwa kakhulu), kodwa ikhwalithi: impahla efiphile, endala noma eyomiswe ngokweqile enombala onsundu, ekhipha umuncu onodaka nobuthakathaka. Kukhona namaqoqo anombala ofakwe imibala yokwenziwa ukuze “kuvuselelwe” umbala. Ukuhlola okulula kwasekhaya kobuqiniso bama-anthocyanins — ukusabela ku-acidi: umuncu wangempela uma kufakwa ijusi likalamula kufanele ushintshe ngokuqinisekile uye kuhlobo oluhlaza onsomi nopinki. Kufanele kukhunjulwe futhi nokuncane komthetho okukhulunyiwe ngakho: isimo esingokomthetho sembali njengento yokudla engcolile eShayina yezwekazi asicacile, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuba nomthombo nenhloso yomkhiqizo kubhekwe ngokucophelela.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Igama lomndeni: Clitoria linikezwe ukufana kwangaphandle kwembali nengxenye yesitho sangasese sowesifazane — lokhu kukhombiswe emlandweni wegama lezitshalo.
• Igama lohlobo: ternatea — lisuka esiqhingini sase-Ternate e-Indonesia, lapho amasampula okuqala achazwa khona avela.
• Inkomba yemvelo: umuncu ushintsha umbala ngokuya nge-acidity, okusetshenziswa emabharini ngeziphuzo “eziguquguqukayo” nangasezifundweni ze-chemistry ezikoleni.
• Umbala wokupheka: ekhiyeni laseThailand imbali ngokwendabuko idaya irayisi nama-dessert ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukunambitha kuqhathaniswa nombala: lesi yisimo esiyivelakancane somkhiqizo oziswa cishe kuphela ngomphumela wokubukwayo, hhayi ngokunambitha noma ngephunga.

Ekuphetheni:

Itiye eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-anchan isibonelo esibonakalayo sokuthi umuncu wezitshalo ovela esitshalweni esingesona nhlobo itiye uthatha kanjani indawo yawo eduze netiye, ungazenzisi ukuthi ulo. Lokhu okuthatha indawo yetiye (代用茶, dàiyòng chá) okuvela ezimbalini ze-clitoria ternatea, okwafika eShayina kuvela e-Asia eshisayo futhi kwathandwa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yombala omangalisayo wesafire “nesilingo” sokuba pinki uma kufakwa i-asidi. Inokunambitha okulula okuthambile, ubuchwepheshe obungenazinkinga nentengo ephansi, futhi konke ukukhanga kwayo kuncike kuma-anthocyanins-ama-ternatins, azwela ekukhanyeni, ekushiseni nase-acidity.

Ukubhekana ne-anchan kufanele kube ngokuhluzekile: yisiphuzo esigqamile sokudla nombala wemvelo, kodwa akuwona umuthi futhi akulona “itiye langempela”. Uma uyazisa ngokuqondile ngalokho oyikho — ngomdlalo wokubukwayo wombala, ukuphakelwa okulula neqhwa nolamula kanye nendima yombala wemvelo — ihlala iyilungu elinomdla nelizimele lomndeni wemincu yamakhambi, elifanelwe incazelo ehloniphayo kodwa eqotho.

the teas described here are available from teamotea