Kùnlù shān

Phakathi kwezintaba ezihlonishwayo zepuer, i-Kūn Lù Shān ibambe iqhaza elikhethekile: akusiyona indawo yokutshala futhi akusilo ihlathi lasendle elimsulwa, kodwa iyindawo yezihlahla ezindala e-bàn zāipéi 半栽培 — okungukuthi, isihlahlana esilinywe kancane, amaqabunga aso ayehanjiswa esigodlweni amakhulu eminyaka. Kurhestri yomzila we-sheng-puerh yezigodi ezidumile, le ntaba ithwala izinga eliphakeme eliwu-S elinephrofayili ‘emnene-emnandi, enesithunzi sentela yombusi’.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: i-sheng-puerh (生普) — ‘eluhlaza’, engavutshelwanga ngesitayela se-shu puerh.
• Isigaba: isigaba semakethe nesodumo esisezingeni eliphezulu, lezigodi (村寨级), hhayi uhlobo olwehlukile ngokohlelo lwamazinga. Ngokomthetho, lolo hlobo lwetiye luhlala luyi-puerh-sheng yendawo esemthethweni ye-GI; inani lalo lithuthukiswa ngokuqhamuka kwaso kuleli hlahlana elilinywe kancane.
• Imvelaphi: Isifunda i-Ning’er (Níng’ěr 宁洱) esifundeni esikhulu sase-Pu’er (Pǔ’ěr 普洱), esifundazweni i-Yunnan — okungukuthi akukho e-Xishuangbanna noma e-Lincang, kodwa kusenhliziyweni ‘ye-puerh’ ngokwayo yesifundazwe. Iningi lezigodi ezidumile zalomzila liqoqene eduze kwe-Menghai, Mengla, ne-Shuangjiang, kuyilapho i-Kūn Lù Shān imele isizinda esidala, ngokomlando ‘esasigodlweni’, setiye esiseduze nesikhungo sokuphatha, okuyisona esanikeza isiphuzo ngokwaso igama.
• Uhlobo Lwesitjalwa: gǔshù 古树 (半栽培) — izihlahla ezindala ezingaphansi kwesimo sokulinywa kancane. Ohlelweni lwezihlahla zomzila, uhla lwakhiwe kanje: gǔshù 古树 (izihlahla ezindala), dàshù 大树 (izihlahla ezinkulu), yěshēng 野生 (zasendle), guòdù xíng 过渡型 (uhlobo lwenguquko), kanye ne-bàn zāipéi 半栽培 (elinywe kancane).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Ingcebo eyinhloko yomlando ye-Kūn Lù Shān yisikhundla sayo njenge-gòngchá 贡茶, intela yombusi. Le ntaba ikwisigingi sezizinda ze-puerh, okuyizona izinto zazo ezazithunyelwa esigodlweni ngesikhathi sombuso; kuvela lapha ifomula ethi ‘皇家贡茶气’ encazelweni yephrofayili yayo. Ukutholakala kwayo esifundeni i-Ning’er, ngokomlando oluhlobene nohwebo lwe-puerh nokuqoqwa kwentela, kwenza lolu dumo lungabi olokumaketha, kodwa olugxile endaweni.

Ukuze uqonde umongo, kuwusizo ukukhumbula umehluko phakathi kwamagama amabili ‘asemagcekeni’ omzila. I-Mànsōng (Mànsōng 曼松) e-Yibang ingenye indinganiso yentela yombusi, enesivuno sonyaka esincane kakhulu sezinto ze-gǔshù kanye nezinga eliphakeme le-S+. I-Kūn Lù Shān iwubuciko ‘basegcekeni’ besizinda sase-puerh, sase-Ning’er, esethulwa hhayi izihlahla eziqavile, kodwa isihlahlana esilinywe kancane siphela. Womabili amagama afundeka kwirejista yamasiko efanayo — ubumnene, ubumnandi, ukuzithiba ‘kwasesigodlweni’, — kodwa avela ezifundeni ezahlukene nasezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezitjalwa.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Le ntaba idume ngenani layo lezihlahla zetiye ezindala — bàn zāipéi gǔ chá qúnluò 半栽培古茶群落, umphakathi wezihlahla zasendulo ezilinywe kancane ocishe ube ngama-1939 mǔ 亩 (okuyihektha elingaba ngu-130). Lesi sibalo esikalini sase-Yunnan sincane; yincipho nje yaleli hlathi kanye nodumo lwalo okwenza le nto ibe yindlala futhi ibe nenani eliphezulu.

Isihlahlana esilinywe kancane siyisimo esiphakathi kwalabo abasendle nengadi eminyene. Izihlahla zikhula ziqhelelene, endaweni engamahlathi yemvelo, ngaphandle kokuphoqelelwa kwezolimo, kodwa nokho zibhekiwe kancane ngabantu: ziyavunwa, kuyabuyelwa kuzo, umlando wazo uyaziwa. Ngokuphambene nezihlahla zasendle ezimsulwa (njengase-Da Xue Shan noma e-Qianjiazhai), lapha ayikho intsasa ‘yasendle’ nephunga elimahhadlahhadla lasehlathini; ngokuphambene nohlobo lwenguquko (njengakwa-Banwai oseduze), le nto inikeza ubumnandi obucacile, obuphucuziwe.

4. Indawo Nezici Zokutshala Ezikhethekile:

Le ndlela yokutshala ichaza kakhulu ubumnene obuphawulekayo bomhluzo we-kunlushan: ihlathi linikeza ubumsulwa ‘nesakhiwo’ sasentabeni, kuyilapho ukukhethwa kwekhulu leminyaka okwenziwa ekhaya kancane kunikeza ubmnene nobumnandi obumaphakathi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ingxenye esezingeni eliphansi eyisisekelo — shàiqīng máochá 晒青毛茶, i-maocha eyomiswe elangeni: iqabunga elisha lidlula ekuvuthweni, ukulungiswa (杀青) epanini lokupheka emazingeni okushisa aphakathi, ukusongwa, futhi, okuyisisekelo ku-puerh, ukomiswa elangeni ngempela. Ukomiswa elangeni kushiya i-enzyme ephilayo kanye nezinto ezincane eziphilayo eqabungeni, ngenxa yalokho ibhulokhi elicindezelwe liyakwazi ukuvela iminyaka.

Ngale-maocha, bacindezela izimo zendabuko — amabhulokhi ayizicaba (饼), kanti okokusebenza okuvela endaweni eyodwa kwezinga lesigodi esidumile kuvame ukuthengiswa kokubili njenge-maocha evulekile kanye namabhulokhi ecindezelwe evela esigodini esisodwa ngamanani amancane.

6. Izici Ezithinta Izitho Zomzimba:

Iphrofayili ye-Kūn Lù Shān kurhestri ichazwa kafushane nangokunembile: xìnì tián rùn 细腻甜润 — emnene, emnandi, ethambile-efana namafutha, kanye ‘ne-皇家贡茶气’, isithunzi sentela yombusi. Empeleni lokhu kusho itiye elengamela hhayi ngamandla, kodwa ngomhlobo walo esiyingabazungu.

Okungekho lapha — wulaka ‘lwase-banzhang’ kanye nentsasa eyedlulele yohlobo lwase-laomane. I-Kūn Lù Shān yakhiwe ngobumnandi obumsulwa, ukuthungwa okushelelayo komhluzo, kanye nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside nokuzolile. Intsasa nokubaba kukhona ngobumnene, kuguquka ngokushesha kube yinhlansi emnandi huígān 回甘. Lesi yisitayela ‘esikhulu’, esizithiba — lokho okuhlanganiswa ‘nobukhosi’ enkulumweni yaseShayina yokunambitha.

I-sheng entsha yase-Kūn Lù Shān isiyaphuzeka icacile futhi imnandi; ngokukhula, ubumnene buya buqina, futhi ukuthungwa kuba ‘mncane’ kakhulu ngenkathi kugcinwa ukungafiphali kokunambitheka.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

Izincomo zokwenza itiye ngempahla yaleli zinga:

• Isitsha: gàiwǎn 盖碗 noma i-teapot yobumba i-Yixing encane, ukuze ukwazi ukulawula konke ukugxishwa.
• Amanzi: athambile, cishe ngo-95 – 100 °C; amanzi abilayo lapha ‘akawaphuli’ iqabunga, kodwa ukugxishwa kokuqala kungcono kugcinwe kufushane.
• Isilinganiso: isiqondiso esingu-7 – 8 g ku-100 – 110 ml.
• Indlela: ukuhlambulula okusheshayo, bese kuba uchungechunge lokugxishwa okufushane ngokunwetshwa kancane kancane.
• Ukuphindaphindeka: okokusebenza okugugile okulinywe kancane kumelana nenani elikhulu lokugxishwa, kunikeza ubumnandi ngokuthambile ekugxishweni okwamuva.

11. Intengo Nokomgunyathi:

I-Kūn Lù Shān ingeyomkhiqizo wesimemezelo sendawo esivikelwe sase-Yunnan: imvelaphi yezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukomiswa kwazo elangeni, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucindezela kulawulwa uhlelo lwezwe lwamazinga afanayo (uhlaka lwe-GB/T lwe-puerh). Kulolu hlaka, i-puerh ihlukaniswe ‘eluhlaza’ (生, sheng) ‘nokuvuthiwe’ (熟, shu) izinhlobo, izidingo zokusekela i-晒青 kanye nokuhlobanisa indawo kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezifundeni zetiye zase-Yunnan kuyabekwa.

Izinkombandlela ezimbalwa ezikusiza ukuthi ubone ‘isimilo se-kunlushan’ futhi ungasididani nesinye esiseduze kurhestri:

• Isifunda. Uma phambi kwakho kukhona i-puerh evela esifundeni esikhulu i-Pu’er (Ning’er), hhayi e-Xishuangbanna noma e-Lincang, — lokhu sekuyivelakancane eshalofini lapho kugcwele khona amabanzhang, bing dao, kanye ne-yiwu. I-Kūn Lù Shān ingenye yabaleli bambalwa abavelele besizinda se-puerh ngokwaso abahamba no-Jingmai no-Banwai.
• Uhlobo lwestjalwa. Ukumakwa kwe-古树 (半栽培) — kuwuphawu olusemqoka. Ngokuphawuleka kumatiye asendle (Da Xue Shan, Qianjiazhai), i-Kūn Lù Shān ayinayo inothi ‘yasendle’ eluhlaza; ngokuphawuleka ku-Banwai owinguquko, imnandi ngokwephucuziwe futhi imnene.
• Umshicileli wokunambitha. Umnyombo — ubumnandi obumsulwa nokuthungwa okushelelayo, intsasa ethambile ‘nefundisiwe’, ukunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside nokuzolile. Uma itiye ‘likushaya’ ngamandla nangentsasa esindayo — lena yiprofayili ye-brown-mountain (Banzhang, Laomane), hhayi eyase-Kūn Lù Shān.
• Ukuqhathanisa ne-Mànsōng. Zombili ‘eziyaesigodlweni’ futhi ziphucuzekile. Okuhlukanisayo imvelaphi yazo: i-Mànsōng ivela e-Yibang (Mengla, izintaba eziyisithupha zasendulo), i-Kūn Lù Shān ivela e-Ning’er; i-Mànsōng idume ngesivuno se-古树 esiqavile, i-Kūn Lù Shān ngesihlahlana esiphelele esilinywe kancane.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Yinhlanganisela yendawo ecebile eyivelakancane ‘ye-puerh’, isimo sezihlahla ezindala ezilinywe kancane, kanye nobumnene obuphucuzekile ‘bwasesigodlweni’ okwenza i-Kūn Lù Shān ibe igama elaziwayo lezinga eliphakeme kakhulu — itiye elaziswa hhayi ngomsindo, kodwa ngomhlobo walo ohloniphekile.