Kāng Zhuān

I-Kāng Zhuān iyithiye elimaphakathi le-Sichuan border tea (四川边茶, Sìchuān Biān Chá) futhi ingummeli omkhulu weqembu elithi “Southern Route Biān Chá” (南路边茶, Nánlù Biān Chá). Ngaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane, leli thiyi beliyimpahla eyinhloko emgwaqeni odumile i-Chá-Mǎ Gǔdào (Tea-Horse Road), oxhumanisa iSichuan neTibet. Kubantu baseTibet, i-Kāng Zhuān akuyona into eyigugu, kodwa iyisidingo esiyisisekelo: “Kungcono izinsuku ezintathu ngaphandle kokusanhlamvu kunosuku olulodwa ngaphandle kwetiyi” (宁可三日无粮，不可一日无茶) — lesi sithembiso esisetshenziswa amaTibet, amaMongol nama-Uyghur sisebenza ngokugcwele kuso lesi thiyi. Izitini ezijwayelekile ze-Kāng Zhuān ezinesisindo esingamagremu angu-500 nobukhulu obungu-17 × 9 × 6 cm zingenye yezimpawu ezaziwa kakhulu zamasiko etiyi aseSichuan.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye elivutshiwe ngemuva, liyingxenye yeqembu le-Hēichá (黑茶, Hēichá — “itiye elimnyama”). Liyi-jǐnyā chá (紧压茶, jǐnyā chá — itiye elicindezelwe) elisesimweni sesitini.
• Umkhakha: Itiye lasemngceleni (边茶, Biān Chá) / Itiye laseTibet laseSichuan (四川藏茶, Sìchuān Cáng Chá). Liyingxenye yochungechunge lwe-“Southern Route” — amatiye ahanjiswa esuka eSichuan eya eTibet edlula e-Kāngdìng (康定, Kāngdìng).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseSichuan (四川, Sìchuān), umkhandlu wedolobha i-Yǎ’ān (雅安市, Yǎ’ān Shì). Ngokomlando lamatiye ayekhiqizwa futhi emadolobheni i-Yíbīn (宜宾), Lèshān (乐山) kanye nasesifundeni sase-Yíngjīng (荥经县, Yíngjīng Xiàn).
• Izimpawu zendawo: I-longitude esempumalanga engu-102°–104°, i-latitude esenyakatho engu-29°–30°.
• Amagama ahlukile: I-Sìchuān Cáng Chá (四川藏茶) — igama elijwayelekile lamatiye aseTibet aseSichuan; i-Nánlù Biān Chá (南路边茶) — igama lokuhweba ngomzila wokuhanjiswa.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando:
  • Ubukhosi bakwaTang (唐, 618–907 CE) — imvelaphi: Ukuhwebelana ngetiyi namahhashi (茶马互市, chámǎ hùshì) phakathi kweChina neTibet kwaqala ngesikhathi sikaTang. Ngaleso sikhathi izinto zokuqala zamatiye acindezelwe zazithunyelwa zisuka eSichuan ziyiswa eTibet zishintshaniswa ngamahhashi aseTibet. I-Yǎ’ān yaba ngesinye sezikhungo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza.
  • Ubukhosi bakwaSong (宋, 960–1279 CE) — umbuso ongawodwa: E-Yǎzhōu (雅州, igama lomlando le-Yǎ’ān) kwasungulwa iHhovisi Lezohwebo Lwamahhashi Netiyi (茶马司, Chámǎ Sī), elalilawula umbuso phezu kokukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwetiyi lasemngceleni. Isandulela se-Kāng Zhuān — i-“Yá Zhuān” (芽砖, “isitini sehlumela”) — saba yimpahla eyisisekelo yamasu, enikeza umbuso wakwaSong amahhashi empu.
  • Ubukhosi bakwaQing (清, 1644–1912 CE) — ukudlondlobala: Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMbusi u-Qiánlóng (乾隆, Qiánlóng), leli thiyi lathola igama lalo lamanje — “Kāng Zhuān”, elisho “isitini se-Kāng” (Kāng iyisifinyezo se-Kāngdìng, indawo eyinhloko yokudlulisela impahla emngceleni neTibet). Ngalesi sikhathi i-Kāng Zhuān yafakwa ohlwini lwezipho zombuso (贡茶, gòng chá) futhi yathunyelwa ngobuningi nge-Tea-Horse Road iya eTibet, e-Qīnghǎi nase-Gānsù.
  • Isikhathi sanamuhla (1950s–kuze kube manje): Ngeminyaka yawo-1950, imboni yetiyi yase-Yǎ’ān (雅安茶厂) yamisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Kāng Zhuān. Ngo-1984 indawo yokukhiqiza yandiswa — ngaphandle kweSichuan, itiyi elifanayo laqala ukukhiqizwa e-Guìzhōu nase-Yúnnán. Ngeminyaka yawo-2010, i-Kāng Zhuān yathola ukuvikelwa njengomkhiqizo onezimpawu zendawo (国家地理标志产品), futhi umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza wafinyelela cishe emathani angu-10 000.
• Igama:
  • “Kāng” (康) — isifinyezo se-Kāngdìng (康定), idolobha lasendulo lezohwebo emngceleni wezindawo zaseTibet (manje eliyisizinda sesifunda esizibusayo sase-Tibetan sase-Garzê). Kwakungesase-Kāngdìng lapho izimbongolo zabathwali (背夫, bēifū) nezamayakhi ayethwele impahla zaziletha itiyi lisuka e-Yǎ’ān liya eLhasa.
  • “Zhuān” (砖) — “isitini”, okubonisa isimo sokucindezela.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Kāng Zhuān akulona nje itiyi, kodwa iyithuluzi lezepolitiki neyamazwe kanye nokuxhumana kwamasiko ahlukene. Emakhulwini eminyaka, bekukuphela “kwemali” abantu baseTibet ababeyamukela ngenhloso yokushintshanisa ngamahhashi okulwa. Ukulawulwa kohwebo lwamatiye kwakuvumela abaphathi abaphakathi baseChina ukuthi bagcine ubudlelwano neTibet. Kubantu baseTibet, i-Kāng Zhuān iyisisekelo se-sūyóu chá (酥油茶, sūyóu chá) — itiyi elinosawoti, elinebhotela le-yak, abaliphuzayo kuze kufike ezinkomishini ezingama-60 ngosuku futhi ngaphandle kwalo impilo yansuku zonke yomfuyi waseTibet ayicabangeki.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezimbiwa:

• Inhlobo / Umhlanga: Izinhlobo zamaqembu ezasendaweni zaseSichuan ezinamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo namancane (四川中小叶群体种, Sìchuān zhōng-xiǎo yè qúntǐ zhǒng) — Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, zibonakala ngokumelana nesithwathwa okuphezulu, okubalulekile ezindaweni ezinezintaba ezisentshonalanga yeSichuan. Kuye kwasetshenziswa futhi izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ezivela e-Yúnnán (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), ezethulwa kule ndawo ngesikhathi sakamuva.
• Ukuvuna: Ikakhulukazi ehlobo nasekwindla, lapho amaqabunga esefinyelele ekuvuthweni okugcwele. Ezinhlotsheni eziphakeme kakhulu (Jīn Jiān) kungenzeka kuvunwe entwasahlobo.
• Inkambiso yokuvuna: Ihlumela elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili kuya kwamane (一芽二叶至一芽四叶). Ingxenye yeziqu (茶梗) ingengaphezu kuka-8% (ye-Kāng Zhuān ejwayelekile; ezingeni elikhethekile ubude besiqu bungaphansi noma bulingane no-3 cm). Ngokungafani namatiye akhethekile aluhlaza noma abomvu, i-Kāng Zhuān ifaka ngamabomu amaqabunga avuthiwe kanye nengxenye yeziqu — yizo kanye lezi eziqinisekisa ukuqina ekubilisweni kaningi futhi ziqukethe izakhi ezincane ezisemqoka ekudleni kwabafuyi bezimvu.
• Izidingo zezimbiwa: Amaqabunga kufanele abe nempilo enhle, angenakho ukulimala; kuvunyelwe ubukhuni obusesilinganisweni. Izimbiwa zihlukaniswa ngokwezigaba ezine zendabuko: i-Máo Jiān (毛尖, ethambile kakhulu), i-Yá Xì (芽细, “amahlumela azacile”), i-Kāng Zhuān uqobo (ingxube yezigaba zesi-4 nesi-5), kanye ne-Jīn Jiān (金尖, “izihloko zegolide” — izimbiwa ezimahhadla zomkhiqizo omningi kakhulu).

4. Indawo Nezici Zokutshala:

I-Yǎ’ān idolobha amaShayina alibiza ngokuthi “Inhloko-dolobha Yemvula” (雨城, Yǔ Chéng): lapha kuvama ukuna imvula engaphezu kuka-1200–1500 mm ngonyaka, isibhakabhaka simbozwe amafu izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-200, futhi umoya ugcwele umswakama — izimo ezifanele izihlahla zetiye.

• Ukwakheka komhlaba: Umgcele osentshonalanga weSichuan Basin, ukuguquka kusuka emagqumeni asezintabeni kuye ezintabeni ze-Héngduàn Shān (横断山脉), ezingaphambi kwe-Tibetan Plateau.
• Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Amamitha angu-600–1500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu ivela emasimini asezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphezu noma elingana no-600 m, ikakhulukazi ezingadini zetiye ezindala zase-Yíngjīng kanye nesifunda sase-Yǔchéng (雨城区).
• Isimo sezulu: Kubanda ngomswakama okulingene, nobusika obupholile nehlobo elipholile. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elicishe libe ngu-15–18°C. Inkungu evamile ihlakaza ukukhanya kwelanga, inikeze izimo zomthunzi wemvelo.
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi eyi-acidic ephuzi-nsundu yasezintabeni, equkethe izinto eziphilayo ezingaphezu noma elingana no-1.5%. Iqukethe amaminerali anothe, kufaka phakathi i-selenium ne-zinc.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Kāng Zhuān kungewokusebenza isikhathi eside kakhulu emhlabeni wetiyi. Isici esiyinhloko — izinsuku ezingama-45 ze-wòduī (渥堆, ukuva okumanzi) ngokubamba iqhaza kwamagciwane, lapho kungakheka “Jīn Huā” (金花) — amakholoni wokhunta onenzuzo Eurotium cristatum.

• Ukulungiswa — “ukubulawa kohlaza” (杀青, shā qīng): Ukugazinga ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu ukuze kumiswe izinqubo ze-enzyme futhi kuqiniswe ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuqala kweqabunga.
• Ukuklwebhana (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukwephula ngomshini ukwakheka kwamaseli ukuze kukhishwe amajusi futhi kwakheke isimo.
• Ukuva okumanzi (渥堆发酵, wòduī fājiào): Isigaba esimaphakathi. Amaqabunga etiye abekwa ezinkangala ezinkulu futhi alondolozwe isikhathi esicishe sibe izinsuku ezingama-45. Esimeni esifudumele nesimanzi kuvuswa amagciwane — ukhunta namagciwane — akhona enza i-biotransformation ejulile ye-polyphenols. Ngalesi sikhathi kungase kuthuthuke “Imbali Yegolide” (金花) — ikoloni ye-Eurotium cristatum, eyenza iphunga elinesici samakhowe (菌花香) futhi inikeze itiyi ubuthongo obengeziwe.
• Ukusefa nokuhlanganisha (筛分拼配, shāifēn pīnpèi): Izimbiwa ezivutshiwe zihlungwa ngosayizi nekhwalithi, bese kuhlanganishwa ukuze kufinyelelwe iphrofayili yokunambitheka evamile.
• Ukuqhuma (汽蒸, qì zhēng): Izimbiwa zicutshungulwa ngomhwamuko ukuze kuthambe iqabunga futhi kulungiselelwe ukucindezelwa.
• Ukucindezelwa (压制成型, yāzhì chéngxíng): Ukubumbwa kube izitini ezijwayelekile ezinamakhona agobile. Ubuningi bokuminyana — 0.9–1.1 g/cm³, okuqinisekisa ukuvuthwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okuhamba kancane nokulinganayo ngesikhathi sokugcinwa.
• Ukomiswa (干燥, gānzào): Indlela yendabuko — ukomiswa ezihlakalweni ze-bamboo ophahleni lwamalahle okhuni (竹笼炭烘); ngenye indlela — ukomiswa ngomoya.

6. Izici Zomzwelo:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isitini esiminyene esinobuso obuyisikwele obunamakhona agobile ngokucophelela. Ubukhulu besitini esijwayelekile — 17 × 9 × 6 cm, isisindo — 500 g. Ubuso bubushelelezi, bucinene, abunayo imifantu futhi abuchobozeki. Umbala — umbala we-castanea-brown (棕褐色, zōng hè sè), ovumelanayo.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: I-chénxiāng (陈香) ehlanzekile — iphunga elivuthiwe lokugcinwa isikhathi eside elinamanothi endalo emidala nezithelo ezomisiwe. Kukhona i-mùxiāng (木香, mù xiāng) kanye nephunga elincane elinemithi (药香, yào xiāng). Etiyini elincane (elingaphansi kweminyaka engu-3) kungaba khona uhlaza olusha (青草香, qīngcǎo xiāng).
• Iphunga lomunyu: Eligcwele, elifudumele. Kugqamile i-chénxiāng enamanothi aphansi anokhuni namantongomane. Ezibonelweni ezigcinwe isikhathi eside (iminyaka engu-10+), kuvela inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi enamanothi emithi kanye “nawemithi yesintu”.
• Ukunambitheka: 醇厚 (chúnhòu — “ogcwele-omnyama”), 甘滑 (gān huá — “omnandi-obushelelezi”). Ogcwele umzimba, oyindilinga, ongenabuhlungu obukhulu. Ubumnandi buvela ekunambithekeni okuhlala isikhathi eside (回甘持久, huígān chíjiǔ), okungahlala imizuzu eminingana ematiyeni amadala. Umzimba wetiyi — umnyama, “onamafutha”, unamanothi e-plum, e-walnut kanye ne-caramel emnyama.
• Umbala womunyu: Obomvu, ogcwele, osobala, onombala osagolide ojulile (红浓透亮, hóng nóng tòu liàng).
• Ingaphansi leketela (iqabunga elibilisiwe): Amaqabunga amakhulu anombala we-castanea-brown aneziqu ezibonakalayo. Ukuthambisa kwayo kunzima kodwa kuthambile — iqabunga aliboli.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• I-Polyphenols: Ingqikithi yama-polyphenols aletiyi iphezulu kakhulu — ukusebenza kwawo ekwahlukaniseni amafutha, ngokwezilinganiso ezithile, kungaphezulu ngo-30% kunaleyo yetiyi eluhlaza. Kuningi imikhiqizo yokuxhuma okujulile: ama-thearubigins nama-theabrownins, anikeza ubuthongo nokungabi bikho kobuhlungu.
• Ama-amino acid: I-L-theanine namanye ama-amino acid akhululekile, enza ubumnandi “obushelelayo”.
• Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine (enezinga elilinganiselwe — itiyi alibangeli ukuthakalisa ngokweqile), i-theobromine, i-theophylline.
• Amagciwane anenzuzo: Ngesikhathi se-wòduī (渥堆) kwakheka amakholoni wamagciwane anenzuzo nokhunta, imikhiqizo yempilo yawo eyenza ugqozi lwamathumbu.
• Amavithamini: C, B1, B2, PP, K.
• Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-selenium, i-manganese, i-fluoride.
• Izinto ezithambisayo (tannins, 鞣酸): Zinamandla okulwa namagciwane, zicindezela i-pathogenic microflora yamathumbu.
• Ama-polysaccharides aletiyi: Anikela ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha nokusiza ukugaya ukudla (去肥腻, 消食): Umphumela oyinhloko, owenza i-Kāng Zhuān ibaluleke kakhulu ezizweni ezidla inyama enamafutha nemikhiqizo yobisi. Ama-polyphenols aletiyi ahlukanisa ngempumelelo amafutha ezilwane futhi asheshise ukugaya ukudla.
• Ukususa umoya (下气): Ezindaweni eziphakeme (3000–5000 m) ukugaya ukudla kuyahamba kancane, ukuqumba kwesisu kuyinkinga evamile. I-Kāng Zhuān isetshenziswa ngokwendabuko ngabaseTibet ukudambisa lezi zimpawu.
• Umphumela wokulwa namagciwane (治痢): Ama-tannins acindezela ukukhula kwamagciwane anobuhlungu emathunjini, okubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni zokufinyelela okulinganiselwe emanzini ahlanzekile.
• Umphumela wokufudumeza: Umoya ofudumele, wesimo “se-yang” ofana netiyi usiza ukugcina ukulawulwa kokushisa okujwayelekile ezimweni ezibandayo zasezintabeni.
• Umthombo wamavithamini nezinto ezincane: Ezizweni ezifuyayo, ukudla kwazo okuncane imifino nezithelo, i-Kāng Zhuān isebenza njengomthombo obaluleke kakhulu wamavithamini C, eqembu B, kanye nezimbiwa.
• Ukusekelwa kwe-microflora yamathumbu: Amagciwane anenzuzo, akheke ngesikhathi se-wòduī (渥堆), anomphumela we-prebiotic.
• Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: Ama-thearubigins nama-polyphenols ehlisa izinga lezinqubo zokuxhuma kuseli.

9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye:

I-Kāng Zhuān itiye elenzelwe ngokuyinhloko ukubiliswa. Kungokubiliswa isikhathi eside lapho iveza ukugcwala kokunambitheka kwayo.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 100°C (amanzi abilayo aphelele).
• Inani letiyi: Amagremu angu-5 ku-500 ml wamanzi (indlela yokubilisa); amagremu angu-3 ku-500 ml (indlela yokuhluzeka).
• Isitsha: Iketela le-ceramic noma le-cast iron lokubilisa; i-gàiwǎn noma iketela le-Yíxīng lendlela yokuthela.
• Inqubo (indlela yokubilisa — endabuko, 煮饮法):
  1. Qhephula isitini ucezu olungamagremu angu-5 bese ulwephula lube izingcezu ezincane.
  2. Faka itiyi eketeleni, wengeze amanzi abandayo (500 ml).
  3. Libilise, bese wehlisa umlilo bese uyekela ukubila imizuzu engu-10.
  4. Hlunga bese uyakha. Umnyu kufanele ube bomvu futhi ugcwele.
  5. Ungase wengeze amanzi futhi ubilise kabusha izikhathi ezingaba ngu-2–3.
• Inqubo (indlela yokuhluzeka — endabuko yaseTibet, 煎饮法):
  1. Bohla amagremu angu-3 etiyi.
  2. Wengeze amanzi angama-500 ml bese ubilisa ngomlilo ophakathi kuze kube kutholakala umnyu obomvu nogcwele.
  3. E-Tibet, kulo mnyu kufakwa ibhotela le-yak nosawoti, kugotshwa esitsheni esikhethekile sokhuni (酥油桶, sūyóu tǒng) — kuphuma i-sūyóu chá.
• Inqubo (indlela yokuthela — esimanje):
  1. Shisisa i-gàiwǎn.
  2. Faka amagremu angu-7–8 ku-150 ml.
  3. Geza ngesikhathi esingu-1–2 ngamanzi abilayo.
  4. Ukuthela kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-30–40; okulandelayo — ngokukhushulwa ngemizuzwana engu-10 isikhathi ngasinye.
  5. Ingamela ukuthela okungafika ku-10.

10. Ukugcinwa:

I-Kāng Zhuān itiyi elinamandla okugcinwa angapheli. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka ukunambitheka kwayo kuyathamba, kujule futhi kuthole amanothi amnandi “we-compote”.

• Indawo: Eyomile, emnyama, engenisa umoya, engenamaphunga angaphandle.
• Izinga lokushisa: Elasegumbini (15–25°C).
• Umswakama: 50–70%.
• Isitsha: Iphepha le-kraft, ibhokisi le-bamboo noma lekhadibhodi. Ungavaleli umoya ngokuphelele — itiyi lidinga ukushintshaniswa kwegesi okuncane ukuze kuqhubeke ukuvuthwa kwangemuva.
• Izitha zetiyi: Umswakama (ukhunta), amaphunga angaphandle, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
• Amandla okuguga: I-Kāng Zhuān encane (engaphansi kweminyaka engu-3) inonya olukhulu, umlingiswa “oluhlaza”. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuphuza — iminyaka engu-5–15. Izibonelo ezindala (iminyaka engu-20+) ziyaziswa ngabaqoqi.

11. Intengo Nemikhuba Yokwenza Amanga:

• Isigaba sentengo: I-Kāng Zhuān ingenye yezinhlobo ze-Hēi Chá ezifinyeleleka kalula. Isitini esijwayelekile (500 g) sibiza kusuka ku-30 kuya ku-200 yuan ngokuya ngekhwalithi yezimbiwa nobudala. Amaphekhi akhethekile avela ezingadini zetiye ezindala zase-Yíngjīng kanye nezibonelo ezindala (iminyaka engu-10+) angabiza kakhulu.
• Izinto ezithinta intengo: Izinga lezimbiwa, ubudala bokuguga, umenzi othile, ubukhona “be-Mbali Yegolide”.
• Indlela yokugwema amanga:
  • Thenga kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe: Xhumana nezimboni ezinkulu zase-Yǎ’ān (i-Sichuan Tea Factory, i-Ya’an Tea Factory) noma izitolo ezikhethekile.
  • Hlola ukubukeka: Isitini kufanele sibe siminyene, sisindayo, sinamakhona agobile abushelelezi, ngaphandle kwemifantu nokhunta omhlophe. Umbala — umbala we-castanea-brown olinganayo.
  • Hlola iphunga: I-chénxiāng ehlanzekile, emnandi ngaphandle kwephunga elingelihle, i-acid noma umswakama “wasezansi”.
  • Hlola umunyu: Obomvu, osobala, ogcwele. Umnyu odidekile noma ophaphathekile kuwuphawu lwekhwalithi ephansi noma ukugcinwa okungafanele.
  • Naka ukuhambisana nezindinganiso: I-Kāng Zhuān ejwayelekile kufanele ihambisane nezinga likazwelonke i-GB/T 9833.4.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• “Kungcono izinsuku ezintathu ngaphandle kokusanhlamvu…”: Isaga esithi “宁可三日无粮，不可一日无茶” singene ngokujulile emasikweni aseTibet kangangokuthi saba yingxenye yemibhalo esemthethweni: ngeminyaka yawo-1950 ukunikezwa kweTibet ngetiyi kwakungumsebenzi obalulekile wombuso olingana nokunikezwa ngokudla.
• Abathwali betiyi (背夫, bēifū): Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo yezimoto, izitini zetiye zazihanjiswa eYǎ’ān ziyiswa eTibet ngabathwali abahamba ngezinyawo, bephethe izikhali ze-bamboo ezazithwala imithwalo efinyelela ku-150 kg (.) benqamula izintaba eziphakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-4000. Uhambo oluya ngakolunye uhlangothi lwaluthatha cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Izithombe ezigcinwe zalaba bantu zingenye yobufakazi obuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu bomlando we-Tea-Horse Road.
• Itiye njengemali: Ngezikhathi ze-Tang ne-Song, i-Kāng Zhuān (kanye nezandulela zayo) empeleni yayisebenza njengemali ekubalweni kwamanani nabantu baseTibet. Ihhashi elilodwa lalibiza inani elithile lezitini zetiye — lesi silinganiso sasinqunywa umbuso.
• Imbali Yegolide (金花): Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ze-wòduī (渥堆) ebusweni nangaphakathi kwezitini kwakheka amakholoni e-Eurotium cristatum — lezo “Zimbali Zegolide” ezidume nge-Fú Zhuān Chá. Ubukhona bazo kwi-Kāng Zhuān kuyibhonasi emnandi, ekhulisa ukubaluleka kwetiye.
• Itiye hhayi ngezitini kuphela: Nakuba i-Kāng Zhuān ngokwendabuko icindezelwa ngesitini, namuhla kutholakala nezinye izinhlobo — ama-bings (饼茶), “imidlwana” (沱茶) kanye nohlobo olungahlanganisiwe.

13. Izinhlobonhlobo Ze-Sìchuān Cáng Chá:

I-Kāng Zhuān ingumunye wabameleli bomndeni wetiyi laseTibet laseSichuan, nakuba edume kakhulu. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko:

• I-Máo Jiān (毛尖, Máo Jiān — “Izihloko ezine-Fuzz”): Isigaba esiphezulu, senziwe ngezimbiwa ezithambile kakhulu (ihlumela kanye neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili angaphezulu). Ngesikhathi sika-Qing lalitholakala yizicukuthwane zaseTibet kuphela. Ubuso besitini busuke bumakwe ngotwayi olubonakalayo, iphunga — liphezulu futhi lihlanzekile, ukunambitheka — kugcwele kepha akunabo ubukhuni.
• I-Yá Xì (芽细, Yá Xì — “Amahlumela Azacile”): Izimbiwa zomgangatho wesithathu. Iphunga lihlanzekile, ukunambitheka kulinganiselayo. Umnyu unombala ophuzi nobomvu.
• I-Kāng Zhuān (康砖, kāng zhuān): Umkhiqizo ojwayelekile ovela ezimbini zomgangatho wesine nowesihlanu ngokungezwa kweqabunga elihlehlayo. Impahla eyinhloko ye-Kham (iMpumalanga Tibet) kanye neTibet Emaphakathi. Ukunambitheka — 醇和 (chúnhé, “okuthambile-okuhambelana”).
• I-Jīn Jiān (金尖, Jīn Jiān — “Izihloko Zegolide”): Umkhiqizo omningi kakhulu nofinyeleleka kalula ovela ezimbini ezimahhadla. Ukumelana okuphezulu nokubilisa, intengo encane kakhulu. Imakethe eyinhloko — i-Western Sichuan kanye ne-Qīnghǎi. Naphezu kokulula, inokunambitheka okuyiqiniso, okuqondile, nobumnandi obukhazimulayo.

Ngokwesimo sokucindezela:

• Izitini (砖茶) — isimo esijwayelekile nesisakazeke kakhulu.
• Ama-bings (饼茶) kanye “nemidlwana” (沱茶) — kutholakala ngokungavamile.
• Okungahlanganisiwe (散茶) — ifomethi yesimanje ukuze kube lula ukulungiselela.

Ngokobudala:

• Encane (engaphansi kweminyaka engu-3): Inonya, inamanothi otshani.
• Ephakathi (iminyaka engu-3–10): Ukulinganisela okuhle kobuthongo nobujule.
• Endala (iminyaka engu-10+): Ijulile, “i-compote”, inamazwi aphambili emithi.

14. Amasiko Okusetshenziswa:

• I-sūyóu chá (酥油茶, sūyóu chá): Itiyi laseTibet elinebhotela — iyona ndlela eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwe-Kāng Zhuān “ezweni layo lomlando”. Umnyu wetiyi oqinile uhlanganiswa nebhotela le-yak (酥油) nosawoti, bese kugotshwa emshinini wokuguba wokhuni kuze kube umfana ofana. Kutholakala isiphuzo esiminyene, esinama-khalori, esinosawoti — okungukudla nokuphuzwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, okusindisa emakhazeni futhi okunikeza amandla usuku lonke.
• I-Gōngfū Chá (工夫茶, Gōngfū Chá): Abathandi besimanje bakha i-Kāng Zhuān ngendlela yokuthela nge-gàiwǎn noma ngeketela le-Yíxīng — lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuveza amanothi amancane okunambitheka, okuthi lapho kubiliswa “alahleke” ekujuleni okujwayelekile.
• Ukuhambisana nokudla: I-Kāng Zhuān ihambisana kahle kakhulu nokudla okunamafutha — inyama yemvu, ingulube, ushizi. Ihambe kahle futhi nezithelo ezomisiwe namantongomane.
• Isikhathi sosuku: E-Tibet, itiyi liphuzwa usuku lonke, kusukela ekuseni ngovivi. Ezimeni zasedolobheni, i-Kāng Zhuān ifaneleka kahle ekunatshekeni kwetiyi kwangemva kwemini nantambama — ithambile ngokwanele ukuthi ingaphazamisi ubuthongo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Kāng Zhuān iyitiyi-iyisebenzi, itiyi-iyisosha, itiyi-iyinxusa. Umlando wayo ungumlando we-Tea-Horse Road Enkulu, lapho izigidi zezitini zathatha uhambo olunzima olunqamula izintaba eziphakeme ngamamitha angu-4000, ukuze zibe yisisekelo setiyi laseTibet elinebhotela — isiphuzo, ngaphandle kwalo impilo “Ophahleni Lomhlaba” yayingeke icabangeke. Namuhla i-Kāng Zhuān, isusesihle amathuli emakhulu eminyaka, ivela phambi kwethu njengetiyi leliqiniso lansuku zonke elinokunambitheka okumnyama nokufudumele, futhi njengento yokuqoqwa — ngoba izitini ezindala ezineminyaka engamashumi amahlanu zigcina iphunga lenkathi. Leli yitiyi lalabo abazisa ubuqiniso, ukujula, nokuxhumana nomlando, abakulungele ukuzwa enkomishini ukukhala kwezinsimbi zezimbongolo kanye nokuklinya kwezinhlaka ze-bamboo emhlane yabathwali betiyi.