Kāihuà Lóng Dǐng · new.thetea.app

Kāihuà Lóng Dǐng (开化龙顶, Kāihuà lóng dǐng) — itiye eliluhlaza elidumile elivela esifundeni saseKaihua entshonalanga yesifundazwe saseZhejiang, eChina, elathi ngo-2004 laqala phezulu ohlwini lwamatiye ayishumi adumile aseZhejiang (浙江省十大名茶). Uphawu lwalo oluvelele yilokho okubizwa ngo-«izinto ezintathu eziluhlaza» (三绿, sān lǜ): amacembe omile aluhlaza, uketshezi oluhlaza, kanye nesisekelo esiluhlaza setiye — kanye nombukwane oyingqayizivele ngesikhathi sokutheleka: imiqhumela eqondile efana nezinaliti ima ibheke phezulu engilazini, idala umphumela obizwa ngo-«Ihlathi Esitsheni» (杯中森林, bēi zhōng sēnlín). Isifunda saseKaihua sisendaweni ebaluleke kakhulu ye-«Quadrangle Legolide Letiye Eliluhlaza laseShayina» (中国绿茶”金三角”核心区) — indawo lapho kuhlangana khona izifundazwe iZhejiang, i-Anhui neJiangxi.

1. Ukwahlukaniswa Nomsuka:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingagaywa). Ngobuchwepheshe — indlela ehlanganisa ukuthoswa nokomiswa okushisayo (炒烘结合, chǎo hōng jiéhé): inhlanganisela yokuthosa ukuze kwakheke isimo nokomiswa okuqhubekayo ngomshisa. Isimo — siqondile, sifana nezinaliti (针芽状, zhēnyá zhuàng).
Isigaba: Umkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sezwe sezindawo ezikhethekile zaseShayina (中国国家地理标志产品). Kwaba semkhiqizweni wokuqala ngenxa yamaphuzu aphelele phakathi kwa-«Matiye ayishumi adumile aseZhejiang» (2004). Ngo-1985, yathola isiqu «Itiye elidumile lezinga likaZwelonke» (全国名茶). Iwine izindondo zegolide kaningi emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe.
Umsuka: IShayina, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), idolobha iQuzhou (衢州市, Qúzhōu Shì), isifunda saseKaihua (开化县, Kāihuà Xiàn). Indawo yokukhiqiza — izintaba eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-600–800. IKaihua isendaweni lapho kuhlangana khona izifundazwe ezintathu — iZhejiang, i-Anhui neJiangxi — enhliziyweni ye-«Quadrangle Legolide Letiye Eliluhlaza».
Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba: Cishe 29°08′ enyakatfo, 118°25′ empumalanga.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Ukutshalwa kwetiye eKaihua kubhalwe emibhalweni kusukela ngesikhathi soBukhosi be-Ming: encwadini ethi «Amarekhodi Esifunda saseKaihua» (开化县志, Kāihuà Xiàn Zhì) yangonyaka we-1631 (unyaka wesine wokubusa kuka-Chongzhen, 崇祯) kubhalwe ukuthi: «Kunikelwa amakilogramu amane etiye lamahlumela enziwe intela» (进贡芽茶四斤). Ngesikhathi soBukhosi be-Qing, ngesikhathi sikaGuangxu (光绪, 1875–1908), itiye laseKaihua lalihanjiswa enkantolo ngegama elithi «Baimaojian» (白毛尖, «Isiqongo esimhlophe esinoboya obuncane») nemingcele eqinile yesikhathi sokulethwa.

Umlando wesimanjemanje: ngowe-1959 kwaqala umsebenzi wokuvuselela ukukhiqizwa. Ngowe-1979, itiye laqanjwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-«Kāihuà Lóng Dǐng» (开化龙顶, «Ukuphakama kwe-Dragoni laseKaihua»). Ngowe-1985 — yathola isiqu «Itiye Elidumile» ezingeni likazwelonke. Ngowe-2004 — yaba ngowokuqala ngamaphuzu aphelele phakathi kwa-«Matiye ayishumi adumile aseZhejiang», idlula iningi lezimbangi ezaziwa kakhulu.
Igama:
- «Kāihuà» (开化) — igama lesifunda.
- «Lóng» (龙) — «udragoni»: uphawu lwezinga eliphezulu nobukhulu.
- «Dǐng» (顶) — «ukuphakama, isiqongo»: kukhomba kokubili emsukeni wezintaba nasezingeni eliphakeme letiye.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IKāihuà Lóng Dǐng ingukuziqhenya kwentshonalanga yeZhejiang ne-«Quadrangle Legolide Letiye Eliluhlaza». Iphesenti lamahlathi esifundeni ngama-80.4% — angamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu eChina, okwenza iKaihua ibe yisibonelo se-«ukutshalwa kwetiye okunobungani nemvelo». Itiye limele ifilosofi yoku-«hlanzeka kwezinto ezintathu eziluhlaza» — ukuvumelana phakathi kwemvelo nobuchwepheshe besandla.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Izinhlobo / I-Cultivar: Isisekelo sokukhiqiza — yi-Jiukeng Quntizhong (鸠坑群体种, Jiūkēng Qúntǐzhǒng) — uhlobo lomdabu olunamacembe amancane oluthandwa kakhulu, u-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, olwenza amaphesenti angama-49.8 ezitshalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho: UFuding Dabai Cha (福鼎大白茶), u-Cuifeng (翠峰), nohlobo olusha olunethemba Lóngdǐng 1 (龙顶1号, Lóngdǐng 1 hào) — inzalo exhube izinhlobo i-Jiaming 1 (嘉茗1号) ne-Lóngjǐng 43, ebonakala ngokuqala ukumila kusenesikhathi nephunga lezimbali eligqamile.
Ukukhiwa: Okwasentwasahlobo — kubaluleke kakhulu (明前, míngqián; 雨前, yǔqián). Okwasekwindla — okwesibili ngokubaluleka. Okwasehlobo — okunamandla kakhulu.
Izinga lokukhiwa: Amagreyidi amane:
- Tèjí (特级): Imiqhumela ephelele noma umhlumela owodwa neqabunga elilodwa ekuqaleni kokuvuleka. Imiqhumela inyama, «ikhazimulayo» (光韵明显). Iphunga le-orchid liqinile, ukunambitheka kusha futhi kumnandi.
- Yījí (一级): Umhlumela owodwa neqabunga elilodwa. Amaqabunga aqondile, alinganayo, iphunga elihlanzekile neliqinile, ukunambitheka okugcwele.
- Èrjí (二级): Umhlumela owodwa neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili. Ayalana ngokulingana, ukunambitheka okuthambile.
- Sānjí (三级): Impahla enamandla kakhulu. Ukunambitheka okulula.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshalwa:

Isimiso sezinto eziphilayo: Isifunda saseKaihua singesinye sezindawo ezi-«luhlaza» kakhulu eChina: iphesenti lamahlathi yi-80.4%. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-16.3°C, izulu lonyaka limamilimitha ayi-1990 (elinye eliphezulu kakhulu eZhejiang), inani lezinsuku ezinenkungu lonyaka liphakathi kokungaphezu kuka-83. Ukubakhona kokukhanya okuhlakazekile nomswakamo ophezulu kudala izimo ezifanelekile zokutshala itiye.
Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Amamitha ayi-600–800 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Amasimu etiye azungezwe amahlathi nemifudlana yezintaba.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ebomvu nephuzi ene-asidi (红黄壤, hónghuáng rǎng), ecebile ngamaminerali. Ubume bezwe — yizintaba, kunezigodi eziningi lapho kuhlangana khona inkungu.
«I-Quadrangle Legolide»: IKaihua isemngceleni weZhejiang, i-Anhui neJiangxi — indawo ethathwa njengelungele ukukhiqiza itiye eliluhlaza ngokuphelele: lapha kuhlangana umthelela wesimo sezulu solwandle saseZhejiang, izintaba zase-Anhui, nokufudumala okungaphansi kwe-subtropical yaseJiangxi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Kāihuà Lóng Dǐng buhlanganisa ukuthosa nokomisa okushisayo, kanye nokukhandwa kabili nokomisa ngamalahle. Ukuhleleka kwezobuchwepheshe kufinyelela kumaphesenti angama-99.

Ukwendlalwa (摊青 — tān qīng): Ukwendlalwa isikhashana ukuze kubune.
Ukulungiswa kokushisa okungapheli (杀青 — shāqīng): Ngomshini we-roller noma ngesandla. Izinga lokushisa — kuncike endleleni.
Ukusontwa (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ukwakhiwa okulula.
Ukoma kwesikhashana okushisayo (初烘 — chū hōng): Ukomiswa kusengaphambili okulula.
Ukwakhiwa / Ukuqondisa (理条/整形 — lǐtiáo / zhěngxíng): Ukwakhiwa kabili (二次理条塑形) — isinyathelo esiyinhloko esinikeza imiqhumela isimo esiqondile, esizacile, esifana nezinaliti noboya obumhlophe obusobala (白毫披露).
Ukoma okushisayo kokugcina (烘干 — hōnggān): Ngamalahle noma ngomshini. Ukushisa okuhamba kancane (文火提香) — ukugcina iphunga le-orchid, okuyilona phawu lwe-Lóng Dǐng.

6. Izici Zokuhlolwa Kwezinzwa:

Isimo samaqabunga omile: Imiqhumela eqondile, ezacile, efana nezinaliti (紧直挺秀, jǐnzhí tǐngxiù), embozwe uboya obumhlophe obusobala (白毫披露). Umbala — uluhlaza ogqamile. Emagreyidini aphezulu — ziyafana, zizacile, «zifana nezinaliti zikaphayini» (似针芽).
Iphunga lamacembe omile: Iphunga le-orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng) — yisici esiyinhloko sephunga, i-Lóng Dǐng eyaziwa ngokungenaphutha ngalo. Inothi le-chestnut (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng) — ngelesibili. Ubusha obuluhlaza obumsulwa.
Iphunga loketshezi: Le-orchid, liqinile futhi lihle. Uma unambitha ngesineke — kuba nemisindo ye-chestnut.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okuthambile, nokunojusi (鲜醇爽口, xiānchún shuǎngkǒu), kumnandi (甘甜, gāntián), kunenothi le-«umami» lobusha be-amino acid. Kugcwele (醇厚). Ukunambitheka kwangemuva — kuhlezi isikhathi eside, ne-«resonance yomphimbo» (喉韵悠长, hóuyùn yōucháng).
Umbala woketshezi: Oluhlaza, ohlanzekile futhi ocacile — «ubuluhlaza» boketshezi bungenye ye-«zinto ezintathu eziluhlaza» (三绿).
Umphumela obukwayo ngesikhathi sokutheleka: Uma kusetshenziswa ingilazi yegilasi, imiqhumela eqondile ima ibheke phezulu emanzini, idala umphumela we-«Ihlathi Esitsheni» (杯中森林) noma we-«Udragoni Oluhlaza Odansa Olwandle» (翠龙舞海, cuìlóng wǔhǎi). Lokhu kungenye yemibukiso yetiye ebabazekayo phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseShayina.
Isisekelo setiye: Amahlumela athambile, afanayo, aluhlaza ogqamile — okwesithathu kwe-«zinto ezintathu eziluhlaza».

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Izinto eziningana (ama-catechin): Inani eliphezulu — linikeza amandla okulwa nezimbangelazifo futhi lisiza ekwehliseni i-cholesterol.
Ama-amino acid (kufaka phakathi L-theanine): Inani eliphakeme — umphumela wobuningi benkungu nokukhanya okuhlakazekile. Kunikeza ubusha ne-«umami».
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine — inani eliphakathi nendawo.
Amavithamini: UVithamini C, ama-carotenoid.
Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-manganese.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Umsebenzi wokulwa nezimbangelazifo: Inani eliphezulu lama-polyphenol lenza umonakalo wama-radical akhululeke.
Ukulawulwa kwezinga le-lipid: Ama-catechin asiza ekwehliseni izinga le-cholesterol.
Umphumela wokunika amandla nokucaca kwengqondo (提神明目): I-caffeine ne-L-theanine.
Umphumela wokupholisa (清热消暑): Ukwanelisa ukoma ngezikhathi ezishisayo.
Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya (消食): Ukuvuselela ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha.
Kubalulekile: izakhiwo ezibalulwe ngenhla zisekelwe emininingweni etholakala emphakathini futhi akuzona izincomo zokwelashwa.

9. Ukutheleka Kwetiye:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–95°C — i-Lóng Dǐng, ngenxa yesimo sayo esifana nezinaliti nokwakheka okuqinile, ikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kunamanye amatiye aluhlaza athambile.
Inani letiye: Amagremu ama-3 kumamililitha ayi-150 (isilinganiso esingu-1:50). Ngoku-«phuza ngokuqondile» enkomishini enkulu — kuze kufike ku-1:75–1:150.
Isitsha: Ingilazi yegilasi (玻璃杯) — iyisinqumo esiyimpoqo sokubheka umphumela we-«Ihlathi Esitsheni». I-gaiwan yobumba elimhlophe — yokuhlola iphunga.
Inqubo (indlela yokuthela phezulu / 上投法):
1. Fudumeza ingilazi, ukhiphe amanzi.
2. Thela amanzi (85–95°C) aze afike ku-7/10 womthamo.
3. Thela itiye — ubuke imiqhumela icwila kancane futhi ime ibheke phezulu.
4. Yekela imizuzwana engama-20–40.
5. Ukuphuza kokuqala — okusha kakhulu. Itiye likwazi ukuphuza izikhathi ezintathu kuya kwezine.
Qaphela: ungakugcini isikhathi eside ukuze ugweme ubumuncu — ikakhulukazi kubalulekile etiyeni lasehlobo. Kwabathanda itiye, kunconywa izigaba ezintathu zokunambitha: ukubuka isimo (观形), ukuhogela iphunga (闻香), ukuhlola ukunambitheka (品味).

10. Ukugcinwa:

Gcina esitsheni esivalwa ngokuqinile, endaweni emnyama nepholile.
Okuyikho — efrijini ku-0–5°C.
Isikhathi sokugcina — kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-12.
Ngemva kokuvula — sebenzisa kungakapheli izinyanga ezi-1–2.

11. Intengo Nokukhohlisa:

IKāihuà Lóng Dǐng — itiye elinezinga eliphezulu nentengo ephakathi nendawo uma liqhathaniswa nalawo aziwa kakhulu njenge-Lóng Jǐng noma i-Bìluóchūn, okuyenza ibe nomtsalane kwabathanda itiye abafuna izinga lentengo elihambisana nezinga.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhohlisa:
- Thenga kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe abanophawu lwendawo ekhethekile yesifunda saseKaihua.
- Hlola isimo: «izinaliti» eziqondile, ezizacile ezinoboya obumhlophe. Amacembe asontekile noma ayizicaba — okwalunye uhlobo lwetiye.
- Hlola «Ihlathi Esitsheni»: lapho utheleka engilazini yegilasi, imiqhumela kufanele ime ibheke phezulu. Ukungabi khona kwalomphumela kuyisizathu sokungabaza.
- Hlola iphunga: inothi le-orchid — wuphawu lomkhiqizo. Ukungabi khona kwe-orchid kuwuphawu lomgunyathi.
- Naka intengo: intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo yisizathu sokuqaphela.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Ngo-2004, i-Kāihuà Lóng Dǐng yaba semkhiqizweni wokuqala ngamaphuzu aphelele phakathi kwa-«Matiye ayishumi adumile aseZhejiang» — idlula iningi lamatiye anomlando omude nokwaziwa kakhulu.
Umphumela we-«杯中森林» («Ihlathi Esitsheni») — ungomunye wemibukiso ebabazekayo emhlabeni wetiye eliluhlaza: inqwaba yemiqhumela efana nezinaliti emi mpo engilazini yegilasi ifana nehlathi elincane likaphayini.
Iphesenti lamahlathi esifunda saseKaihua — 80.4% — lingelinye lamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu ezindaweni ezitshala itiye eChina nasemhlabeni. Itiye likhula phakathi ehlathini ngokoqobo.
I-cultivar entsha i-Lóngdǐng 1 (龙顶1号) — umphumela wokuxubanisa i-Jiaming 1 ne-Lóngjǐng 43 — yakhelwe ngokukhethekile i-Kaihua ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi sokukhiwa futhi kuqiniswe iphunga lezimbali.
Isifunda saseKaihua sisendaweni ye-«Quadrangle Legolide Letiye Eliluhlaza» lapho kuhlangana khona izifundazwe ezintathu — iZhejiang, i-Anhui neJiangxi. Ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-200 ukusuka lapha, kukhiqizwa inqwaba yamatiye aluhlaza adumile: kusukela e-Huángshān Máo Fēng ne-Liù’ān Guāpiàn kuya e-Lúshān Yún Wù.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza aseZhejiang:

Xī Hú Lóng Jǐng (西湖龙井): Isicaba, inothi likaphayini ne-chestnut. I-Lóng Jǐng — igxile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo nase-«umami»; i-Lóng Dǐng — ifana nezinaliti, ine-orchid, «inehlathi».
Bìluóchūn (碧螺春): Evela eJiangsu. Ama-ekspiral aqinile anephunga lezimbali nezithelo. I-Bìluóchūn — ithambile futhi inezithelo; i-Lóng Dǐng — iqondile futhi «iluhlaza» kakhudlwana.
Ānjí Bái Chá (安吉白茶): Evela enyakatho yeZhejiang. Itiye eliluhlaza elivela emahlumeleni angenambala. I-Ānjí — «ubumnandi obumsulwa»; i-Lóng Dǐng — ine-orchid kakhulu futhi iyabukeka.
Jìng Shān Chá (径山茶): Evela eHangzhou. I-«máo fēng» esontekile. I-Jingshan — inomlando ojulile; i-Lóng Dǐng — izacile futhi «inezinaliti», ne-«Ihlathi Esitsheni» eligqamile.

Sengiphetha:

I-Kāihuà Lóng Dǐng — itiye lapho «izinto ezintathu eziluhlaza» — iceba eliluhlaza, uketshezi oluhlaza, nesisekelo esiluhlaza — zihlangana zibe wukuvumelana okuphelele kokuhlanzeka. Imiqhumela yayo efana nezinaliti ezacile, ema mpo esitsheni okungathi izihlahla zehlathi elincane, ingenye yezinto ezibukwayo ezibuhlungu emhlabeni wetiye laseShayina. Iphunga le-orchid, ukunambitheka okusha okumnandi nomsindo omude osemphinjeni, kanye nomsuka ovela e-«Quadrangle Legolide Letiye Eliluhlaza» kwenza i-Kāihuà Lóng Dǐng ibe yinketho ekahle yalabo abafuna itiye elinobuhle obubonakalayo obungenasici kanye nomlingiswa ojulile, «wohlobo lwehlathi» — itiye ongaliphuzi nje, kodwa olibuka ngokucabanga.